CN113695376A - Method for restoring white phosphorus contaminated soil - Google Patents
Method for restoring white phosphorus contaminated soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN113695376A CN113695376A CN202110958862.5A CN202110958862A CN113695376A CN 113695376 A CN113695376 A CN 113695376A CN 202110958862 A CN202110958862 A CN 202110958862A CN 113695376 A CN113695376 A CN 113695376A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for restoring white phosphorus contaminated soil, and belongs to the technical field of restoration of contaminated soil. The method comprises the steps of firstly adding water into polluted soil to prepare slurry, then removing larger-particle stones in the slurry, then adding dispersion to enable elemental phosphorus wrapped in silica gel to be dispersed out and oxidized by two strong oxidants to the maximum extent, then continuing to use alkaline substances to convert phosphorus oxides into phosphorus salt, and finally fixing most of the phosphorus salt in the soil through a flocculating agent. The method is used for repairing polluted soil, can effectively reduce the content of white phosphorus in the soil to an acceptable range, and fixes phosphorus in the soil to avoid water eutrophication caused by water body entering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of restoration of polluted soil, and particularly relates to a method for restoring white phosphorus polluted soil.
Background
White phosphorus is a simple substance of phosphorus, is white or light yellow semitransparent solid in appearance, has strong toxicity and is insoluble in water; soft, crisp in cold time, and deep in color; green phosphorescence and white smoke are generated in the dark by exposure to air; the fire was ignited in humid air at about 40 ℃.
White phosphorus is an important basic industrial raw material and is mainly used in the fields of chemical industry, pesticides and the like. In the past, because the environmental protection attention is not enough and the treatment technology is laggard, phosphorus mud generated in the production process of many manufacturers is randomly discharged, so that the pollution of the soil around the factory by phosphorus simple substances is serious. The polluted land is gradually developed in the process of urban construction, and spontaneous combustion phenomenon of white phosphorus or peculiar smell is easy to occur in the development process, so that the health of constructors and surrounding residents is influenced. On the other hand, white phosphorus is difficult to biodegrade in soil and poses a long-term risk of harm to the environment.
Chinese patent CN103641413B discloses a method for disposing phosphorus-containing solid waste, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the phosphorus-containing solid waste with calcium oxide according to the weight ratio of 3: 1-1: 2; (2) adding a proper amount of water into the mixture obtained in step S1 to satisfy the reaction process of oxidizing calcium to generate calcium hydroxide, wherein the reaction time is 0.5-1.5 hr; (3) after the temperature of the mixture obtained by the reaction in the step (2) is reduced to normal temperature, adding 5-10% of cement, supplementing 5-20% of water, mixing and stirring for 0.5-1.0 hr; (4) and (4) naturally curing the mixture obtained by mixing and stirring in the step (3) for 3-10 days, and filling the mixture into a dangerous waste safety landfill. The method eliminates the harmfulness of yellow phosphorus in the solid waste by converting phosphorus simple substances in the phosphorus-containing solid waste into phosphate or metaphosphate after reacting with calcium hydroxide. However, the method finally sends the treated solid waste to a hazardous waste landfill, so that the content of soluble phosphorus salt in the soil is higher and higher; and the soluble phosphorus salt in the soil enters surface water through runoff, and water eutrophication can be caused. Therefore, the remediation of white phosphorus contaminated soil is not only a problem of converting toxic white phosphorus into non-toxic soluble phosphorus salts, but also needs to consider how to utilize the soluble phosphorus salts to reduce water eutrophication.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to repair the soil polluted by white phosphorus, improve the utilization rate of phosphorus and reduce the migration of phosphorus in the soil to a water body, the invention provides a method for repairing the soil polluted by white phosphorus, which specifically adopts the following technical scheme:
s1, adding water into the soil polluted by white phosphorus, and stirring to obtain slurry; the adding amount of water is 3-10 times of the mass of the soil;
s2, sieving the slurry obtained in the step S1 by a 5-10-mesh sieve to obtain sieved slurry;
s3, adding a dispersing agent into the screened slurry obtained in the step S2, adding a first oxidizing agent under the stirring state, continuously adding a second oxidizing agent under the stirring state, and stirring for 4-6 hours to obtain oxidized slurry; the adding mass of the dispersing agent is 0.01-0.03% of the adding amount of the water in the step S1; the adding amount of the first oxidant is 5-15% of the soil mass in the step S1; the adding amount of the second oxidant is 0.5-2% of the mass of the soil in the step S1;
s4, adding an alkaline substance into the oxidized slurry obtained in the step S3, and stirring for reaction for 4-6 hours; the adding amount of the alkaline substance is 3-20% of the mass of the soil in the step S1;
s5, adding a flocculating agent into the slurry obtained after the reaction in the step S4, stirring for 6-8 hours, adding a proper amount of water while stirring to keep the soil in a slurry state, stacking the treated slurry into a cement pond, and standing for 13-15 days to finish soil remediation; and the addition amount of the flocculating agent is 0.1-0.6% of the mass of the soil in the step S1.
Preferably, the dispersant in step S3 is one or more of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and sodium fatty alcohol ether sulfate.
Preferably, in step S3, the first oxidant is one or more of peroxide, persulfate, and permanganate.
Further preferably, the first oxidant in step S3 is sodium persulfate.
Preferably, the second oxidant in step S3 is one or more of peroxide, persulfate, and permanganate.
Further preferably, the second oxidant in step S3 is potassium permanganate.
Preferably, in step S4, the alkaline substance is one or more of alkali metal hydroxide, alkaline earth metal oxide, alkali metal peroxide and alkali metal superoxide.
Further preferably, in step S4, the alkaline substance is one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium oxide, sodium peroxide, and potassium peroxide.
Preferably, in step S5, the flocculant is one or more of polyaluminium chloride, polyaluminium sulfate, polyaluminium chloride-chitosan composite flocculant, and polyaluminium sulfate-chitosan composite flocculant.
Further preferably, the flocculant in step S5 is a polyaluminium chloride-chitosan flocculant.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) according to the method for restoring the white phosphorus contaminated soil, provided by the invention, the soil is added with water and stirred into slurry, so that the white phosphorus is wrapped by the water film, the spontaneous combustion phenomenon of the white phosphorus is avoided in the post-treatment process, the operation safety risk is reduced, and the secondary pollution is reduced; (2) the two oxidants are used for treating the soil polluted by the white phosphorus, the second oxidant has an activating effect on the first oxidant, and meanwhile, the second oxidant also has an oxidizing effect, so that the oxidizing efficiency of the white phosphorus is improved under the combined action of the two oxidants; (3) adding a dispersing agent into the screened slurry to separate a phosphorus simple substance wrapped by hydrophilic silicon dioxide in soil from silica gel, and improving the mass transfer effect of the phosphorus simple substance to a greater extent; (4) under the combined action of the dispersant and the two oxidants, the white phosphorus in the soil can be effectively reduced to an acceptable range; (5) after the highly toxic white phosphorus is converted into the phosphorus salt, the flocculating agent is added to fix the phosphorus salt in the soil, so that the phosphorus cannot enter surface water and finally enter a water body ecological system to cause water body pollution; on the other hand, when the repaired soil is used for planting plants, the fixed phosphorus can be slowly released to provide nutrition for the plants, and the application amount of phosphate fertilizer is reduced.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail and fully with reference to the following examples, it is obvious that the described examples are only a part of the examples of the present invention, and not all of the examples. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or substitutions by those skilled in the art according to the following embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for repairing white phosphorus contaminated soil, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, taking 100kg of soil polluted by white phosphorus, adding 600kg of water, and fully stirring to obtain slurry;
s2, sieving the slurry obtained in the step S1 by a 5-mesh sieve to obtain sieved slurry;
s3, adding 120g of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate into the sieved slurry in the step S2, stirring for 15min, adding 10kg of sodium persulfate while stirring, continuously adding 1kg of potassium permanganate while stirring, and stirring for 5h to obtain oxidized slurry;
s4, adding 6kg of sodium hydroxide into the oxidized slurry obtained in the step S3, and stirring for reaction for 5 hours;
s5, adding 0.6kg of polyaluminium chloride-chitosan composite flocculant into the slurry obtained after the reaction in the step S4, stirring for 7 hours, adding a proper amount of water while stirring to keep the soil in a slurry state, stacking the treated slurry on a hardened ground, and standing for 15 days to finish soil remediation; wherein the mass ratio of the chitosan to the polyaluminium chloride is 0.15: 1.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for repairing white phosphorus contaminated soil, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, taking 100kg of soil polluted by white phosphorus, adding 300kg of water, and fully stirring to obtain slurry;
s2, sieving the slurry obtained in the step S1 by a 10-mesh sieve to obtain sieved slurry;
s3, adding 30g of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid into the sieved slurry obtained in the step S2, stirring for 15min, adding 5kg of sodium persulfate, continuously adding 0.5kg of 30% hydrogen peroxide under the stirring state, and stirring for 4h to obtain oxidized slurry;
s4, adding 20kg of calcium hydroxide into the oxidized slurry obtained in the step S3, and stirring for reacting for 4 hours;
s5, adding 0.3kg of polyaluminium sulfate-chitosan composite flocculant into the slurry obtained after the reaction in the step S4, stirring for 6 hours, adding a proper amount of water while stirring to keep the soil in a slurry state, stacking the treated slurry on a hardened ground, and standing for 13 days to finish soil remediation; wherein the mass ratio of the chitosan to the polyaluminium sulfate is 0.15: 1.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for repairing white phosphorus contaminated soil, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, taking 100kg of soil polluted by white phosphorus, adding 1000kg of water, and fully stirring to obtain slurry;
s2, sieving the slurry obtained in the step S1 by using a 8-mesh sieve to obtain sieved slurry;
s3, adding 300g of fatty alcohol ether sodium sulfate into the screened slurry obtained in the step S2, stirring for 15min, adding 15kg of sodium persulfate, continuously adding 2kg of calcium peroxide under a stirring state, and stirring for 6h to obtain oxidized slurry;
s4, adding 3.1kg of calcium oxide into the oxidized slurry in the step S3, and stirring for reacting for 6 hours;
s5, adding 0.1kg of polyaluminium chloride into the slurry obtained after the reaction in the step S4, stirring for 8 hours, adding a proper amount of water while stirring to keep the soil in a slurry state, stacking the treated slurry on a hardened ground, and standing for 15 days to finish soil remediation; wherein the mass ratio of the chitosan to the polyaluminium chloride is 0.15: 1.
Comparative example 1
The method for remedying the white phosphorus-contaminated soil according to this comparative example is different from example 1 in that sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is not added in step S3.
Comparative example 2
The method for remedying the soil contaminated with white phosphorus in this comparative example is different from that in example 1 in that 11kg of sodium persulfate and no potassium permanganate are added in step S3.
Comparative example 3
The method for remedying the soil contaminated with white phosphorus in this comparative example is different from example 1 in that 11kg of potassium permanganate is added in step S3, and no sodium persulfate is added.
Comparative example 4
The method for remedying the white phosphorus-contaminated soil according to this comparative example is different from example 1 in that no flocculant is added in step S5.
Repair effect verification
Taking soil in a production site of a certain phosphorization factory in Wuhan, detecting the content of the elemental phosphorus before repairing the polluted soil and the content of the elemental phosphorus in the soil after the treatment in the step S4 according to a method disclosed in 'determination of yellow phosphorus in phosphorus mud' (Minjie et al, university of Wuhan engineering, 2015, 37 (4)); the content of available phosphorus in the soil after the end of the treatment in step S4 and the content of available phosphorus in the soil after the end of the treatment in step S5 were measured according to the method disclosed in "method for rapidly measuring available phosphorus in soil" (Korea Zhang Xiong et al, agriculture and technology, 2021, 41(13)) in document 2. In the examples 1 to 3, soils with different pollution degrees were respectively used for remediation, and the soils to be remedied in the comparative examples 1 to 4 were the same as in the example 1. The test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Change data before and after treatment of elemental phosphorus and available phosphorus in contaminated soil
As can be seen from the test results in the table, in comparative example 1, compared to example 1, the dispersant was not added, and a part of the elemental phosphorus was not released in the silica gel mass formed by the silica in the soil during the restoration treatment to cause the oxidation reaction, and also not to cause the disproportionation reaction in step S4, so that the elemental phosphorus remained in the soilThe phosphorus content is significantly higher than in example 1. Comparative example 2 only oxidized elemental phosphorus using a single oxidizing agent persulfate as compared with example 1, but since elemental phosphorus could undergo a disproportionation reaction in step S4, the residual amount of elemental phosphorus in the soil of comparative example 2 was significantly higher than that of example 1, but lower than that of comparative example 1. Comparative example 3 only used a single oxidant, permanganate, to oxidize elemental phosphorus, relative to example 1, but since elemental phosphorus could undergo a disproportionation reaction in step S4, the residual amount of elemental phosphorus in the soil of comparative example 3 was significantly higher than that of example 1, but lower than that of comparative example 1; compared with the comparative example 2, the comparative example 3 only has different oxidizing agents, and the white phosphorus residue in the comparative example 3 is higher than that in the comparative example 2, which shows that the oxidation effect of the permanganate is obviously inferior to that of the persulfate when only one oxidizing agent is used; compared with the example 1, the white phosphorus residual quantity of the comparative examples 2 and 3 is far higher than that of the example 1, which shows that the persulfate and the permanganate can play a synergistic role when being used simultaneously in the example 1, and the oxidation efficiency of the elemental phosphorus is greatly improved. Comparative example 4 the content of available phosphorus in the soil was only slightly reduced compared to example 1 without addition of flocculant; in the embodiments 1 to 3, the flocculant is added in the step S5, so that the content of available phosphorus in the soil can be reduced to the level of the available phosphorus content of normal soil, which indicates that the flocculant of the present invention can effectively fix most of available phosphorus in the soil, and thus the situation of water pollution caused by phosphorus entering the water body through surface water does not occur. The significant difference in the available phosphorus content between examples 2 and 3 compared to example 1 is due to the fact that in example 1, sodium hydroxide is added to form predominantly soluble phosphorus-containing sodium salts, whereas in examples 2 and 3, predominantly sparingly water-soluble or water-soluble phosphorus-containing calcium salts are formed in relatively small amounts. In addition, the composition of the soil is very complicated, and the soluble phosphorus salt formed in step S4 may partially react with Ca in the soil2+、Mg2+、Fe3+And the like are combined to form phosphorus salt which is difficult to dissolve in water, so that the effective phosphorus content in the repaired soil can only be determined through actual detection, and the effective phosphorus content of the soil taken from the same position has a certain range of errors in the detection process.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The present invention may be subject to various modifications and changes by any person skilled in the art. Any simple equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the protection scope of the present application and the content of the specification are intended to be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for remediating white phosphorus contaminated soil, comprising the steps of:
s1, adding water into the soil polluted by white phosphorus, and stirring to obtain slurry; the adding amount of water is 3-10 times of the mass of the soil;
s2, sieving the slurry obtained in the step S1 by a 5-10-mesh sieve to obtain sieved slurry;
s3, adding a dispersing agent into the screened slurry obtained in the step S2, adding a first oxidizing agent under the stirring state, continuously adding a second oxidizing agent under the stirring state, and stirring for 4-6 hours to obtain oxidized slurry; the adding mass of the dispersing agent is 0.01-0.03% of the adding amount of the water in the step S1; the adding amount of the first oxidant is 5-15% of the soil mass in the step S1; the adding amount of the second oxidant is 0.5-2% of the mass of the soil in the step S1;
s4, adding an alkaline substance into the oxidized slurry obtained in the step S3, and stirring for reaction for 4-6 hours; the adding amount of the alkaline substance is 3-20% of the mass of the soil in the step S1;
s5, adding a flocculating agent into the slurry obtained after the reaction in the step S4, stirring for 6-8 hours, adding a proper amount of water while stirring to keep the soil in a slurry state, stacking the treated slurry into a cement pond, and standing for 13-15 days to finish soil remediation; and the addition amount of the flocculating agent is 0.1-0.6% of the mass of the soil in the step S1.
2. The method for remediating white phosphorus contaminated soil as recited in claim 1, wherein said dispersant in step S3 is one or more selected from the group consisting of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and sodium fatty alcohol ether sulfate.
3. The method for remediating white phosphorus contaminated soil as recited in claim 1, wherein said first oxidant is one or more of peroxide, persulfate, and permanganate in step S3.
4. The method for remediating white phosphorus contaminated soil as recited in claim 3, wherein said first oxidizing agent is sodium persulfate in step S3.
5. The method for remediating white phosphorus contaminated soil as recited in claim 1, wherein said second oxidant is one or more of peroxide, persulfate, and permanganate in step S3.
6. The method for remediating white phosphorus-contaminated soil as recited in claim 5, wherein said second oxidizing agent in step S3 is potassium permanganate.
7. The method for remediating white phosphorus contaminated soil as recited in claim 1, wherein said alkaline substance in step S4 is one or more of alkali metal hydroxide, alkaline earth metal oxide, alkali metal peroxide, and alkali metal superoxide.
8. The method for remediating white phosphorus contaminated soil as recited in claim 7, wherein said alkaline substance in step S4 is one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium oxide, sodium peroxide, and potassium peroxide.
9. The method for remediating white phosphorus contaminated soil as recited in claim 1, wherein the flocculant in step S5 is one or more of polyaluminum chloride, polyaluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride-chitosan composite flocculant and polyaluminum sulfate-chitosan composite flocculant.
10. The method for remediating white phosphorus contaminated soil as recited in claim 9, wherein said flocculant in step S5 is polyaluminum chloride-chitosan flocculant.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114888072A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-08-12 | 岭南生态文旅股份有限公司 | Oxidation separation method for white phosphorus in soil of phosphorus chemical engineering polluted site |
| CN115594158A (en) * | 2022-12-01 | 2023-01-13 | 云南布兰特化工有限公司（Cn） | Method for preparing yellow phosphorus from phosphate by using silicothermic reduction and application |
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| CN110947748A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2020-04-03 | 湖南湘牛环保实业有限公司 | Heavy metal and soluble phosphorus contaminated soil remediation agent and treatment process thereof |
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2021
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| CN1876262A (en) * | 2005-06-09 | 2006-12-13 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Method for effectively preventing and harnessing soil phosphor loss |
| CN105834207A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-08-10 | 上海化工研究院 | Method for combined remediation of organic matter polluted soil |
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| CN114888072A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-08-12 | 岭南生态文旅股份有限公司 | Oxidation separation method for white phosphorus in soil of phosphorus chemical engineering polluted site |
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| CN115594158A (en) * | 2022-12-01 | 2023-01-13 | 云南布兰特化工有限公司（Cn） | Method for preparing yellow phosphorus from phosphate by using silicothermic reduction and application |
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Application publication date: 20211126 |