CN113693702A

CN113693702A - Head-on femoral neck hollow nail placing system based on individualized safety boundary

Info

Publication number: CN113693702A
Application number: CN202111029662.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邓迎生
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-09-03
Filing date: 2021-09-03
Publication date: 2021-11-26
Anticipated expiration: 2041-09-03
Also published as: CN113693702B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of orthopedic surgery equipment, and relates to a head-on femoral neck hollow nail placing system based on an individualized safety boundary, which comprises a central axis mechanical navigation device, a front hollow nail guide needle guider, a rear hollow nail guide needle guider and an omega-shaped guider, wherein the central axis mechanical navigation device comprises a support, a calibration probe and a navigation component, the front hollow nail guide needle guider comprises a base and a slide block, the rear hollow nail guide needle guider comprises a balance seat and a needle feeding guide seat, the omega-shaped guider comprises an omega-shaped handle, and two ends of the omega-shaped handle are provided with maintaining tubes. The invention can accurately implant the central axis guide pin after matching the shaft angle, the anteversion angle and the anterior torsion angle under the condition of individual difference, and implant the hollow nail guide pin by taking the central axis guide pin as a reference, thereby realizing the implantation of the first-type guide pin, effectively improving the implantation accuracy of the guide pin, effectively improving the success rate of the operation and laying a foundation for the hip protection treatment of femoral neck fracture.

Description

Head-on femoral neck hollow nail placing system based on individualized safety boundary

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of orthopedic surgery equipment, relates to a femoral neck surgery hollow nail implantation system, and particularly relates to a head-on femoral neck hollow nail placement system based on an individualized safety boundary.

Background

In the hip protection treatment of femoral neck fracture, the hollow nail fixing operation is still the preferred scheme, and the implantation of the hollow nail guide pin is the core technology and operation difficulty, no matter in the open reduction direct-vision hollow nail fixing or steel plate internal fixation implantation or minimally invasive percutaneous hollow nail fixing implantation operation, the hollow nail guide pin is safe, accurate and reasonable in spatial configuration, radiation is avoided or reduced, and the hollow nail guide pin is successfully implanted once, and the hollow nail guide pin is always the research hotspot and the continuous pursuit of orthopedics doctors.

The mainstream academic view now states that the ideal fixation is the orientation of the plurality of cannulated nails parallel to the central axis of the femoral neck. Therefore, it is a prerequisite for ideal fixation to accurately find the femoral neck surgical central axis (a straight line which is parallel to the shaft angle, the anteversion angle and the anterior torsion angle and is positioned in the center of the femoral neck stenosis part). However, because the proximal femur has a complex anatomical structure and an extremely irregular shape, and there are individualized differences in the angle of the shaft, the anteversion and the anterior torsion, finding the central axis in the surgery still presents a great challenge.

At present, for hip protection treatment, the mainstream technology in clinic is to drill 1 reference guide pin at the proximal end of femur according to visual inspection and estimation, then adjust under the perspective condition, drill 3 hollow nail guide pins to proper positions, and then respectively screw 1 hollow nail along the 3 guide pins, and the whole operation process is operated by hands of a main surgeon under the repeated perspective monitoring of a C-arm X-ray machine, so that the precision of the nail feeding point, direction and position of each hollow nail is poor, the spatial distribution of the 3 hollow nails cannot be accurately controlled, the length and holding force of the screws have no objective standard, and the side injuries such as femoral head and neck vessel damage, proximal femoral cortex and acetabular cartilage damage, iatrogenic fracture and the like are easily caused, and then the fracture end is displaced again, the fracture is not healed, the femoral head is destroyed and the like. During operation, once the guide pin cannot be successfully implanted once (firstly accurately, called as 'first standard' for short), the original needle channel is easy to enter during adjustment, and the adjustment difficulty is greatly increased; repeated adjustment can greatly reduce the holding force of the hollow nail, and cause complications such as loosening, withdrawing, breaking and the like of the screw.

Patent application CN2020108087441 discloses a first-level hollow nail minimally invasive mechanical implantation system based on femoral neck surgery axis, adopts a nail feeding point positioning guider, an isthmus central point percutaneous positioning device, a first-level axis mechanical navigation system, combines a hollow nail guide pin positioning and orienting combined sliding module, completes the processes of femoral neck surgery axis determination, first-level guide pin implantation, hollow nail positioning and orienting implantation and the like, can effectively realize the one-time successful implantation of a guide pin and a hollow nail, and lays a foundation for the hip protection treatment of femoral neck fracture. However, the hollow nail implantation system has many parts and is complex to operate, the system is easy to have large errors, and the deviation of the drilling position and direction of the guide pin (the central axis guide pin and the hollow nail guide pin) caused by the system error factors is inevitable in the operation, so that no corresponding calibration mechanism exists, and the accuracy of the operation is finally influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a head-on femoral neck hollow nail placing system based on an individualized safety boundary, which can completely match a shaft angle, a front rake angle and a front torsion angle of a femoral neck under the condition of existence of individualized differences by utilizing a central axis mechanical navigation device, successfully determine the central axis of a femoral neck surgery at one time, implant a central axis guide needle, effectively realize the accurate implantation of the hollow nail guide needle at one time by combining a front hollow nail guide needle guider, a rear hollow nail guide needle guider and an omega-shaped guider, and lay a foundation for protecting the hip treatment of femoral neck fracture by matching with a guide needle microspur adjuster, an angle guide needle gasket and other accessories.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a head-level femoral neck hollow nail placing system based on an individualized safety boundary comprises a central axis mechanical navigation device, a front hollow nail guide pin guider, a rear hollow nail guide pin guider and an omega-shaped guider;

the central axis mechanical navigation device designed by the invention can match the shaft angle, the anteversion angle and the anterior torsion angle of the femoral neck under the condition of individual difference, determine the surgical central axis of the femoral neck, and implant 1 central axis guide pin and 2 direction maintaining steel pins. The guide pin guiding device comprises a support, a calibration probe and a navigation component, wherein the support is used for supporting and stabilizing the suspension height and the orientation of the navigation component and ensuring that the navigation component can meet the operation requirement of guide pin implantation;

the femoral neck positioning reference base is designed to be of a cuboid structure, a horizontal transverse positioning hole, a vertical connecting hole and a measuring hole in the same direction as the positioning hole are formed in the femoral neck positioning reference base, the positioning hole and the vertical connecting hole are perpendicular to each other and are arranged in a staggered mode, and the measuring hole is located below the positioning hole; the positioning hole is internally and movably provided with a positioning hook, the positioning hook is used for hooking the isthmus of the femoral neck to determine the boundary of the inner lower edge of the femoral neck, a locking component used for locking the positioning hook is arranged on the positioning hole, the positioning hook can be locked and fixed by the locking component after moving left and right in place in the positioning hole, the positioning hook is composed of a connecting section and a functional section, the connecting section is movably arranged in the positioning hole, the front end of the functional section is provided with a right-angle hook, and the part close to the front end is provided with a plurality of vertical probe holes (along the length direction of the positioning hook) which are arranged in a linear manner; the vertical connecting rod is movably arranged in the vertical connecting hole, a locking assembly used for locking the vertical connecting rod is arranged on the vertical connecting hole, and the vertical connecting rod can be locked and fixed by the locking assembly after the vertical connecting rod moves up and down in place in the vertical connecting hole; the measuring hole is movably provided with a measuring probe, the measuring probe is provided with scale marks, and the positioning hook and the measuring probe can be used for multi-point measurement, so that whether the hooking position of the positioning hook is accurate or not is finally determined, the upper and lower diameters of the femoral neck isthmus can be measured, and the middle point of the upper and lower diameters of the cortical front part of the femoral neck isthmus is found; the connecting section of the positioning hook and the vertical connecting rod are both provided with scale marks, and the positioning hook and the vertical connecting rod can be assembled more normally and conveniently by using the scale marks;

the upper end of a vertical connecting rod on the femoral neck positioning reference seat is movably arranged in the vertical switching hole of the steering seat, so that the femoral neck positioning reference seat is connected with the steering seat, the steering seat is positioned above the femoral neck positioning reference seat, the transverse switching hole on the steering seat is in the same direction as and above the positioning hole on the femoral neck positioning reference seat, and the switching hole and the vertical switching hole are respectively provided with a locking assembly for locking components arranged therein;

the right-angle positioner consists of a positioning head, a right-angle position correcting piece vertically arranged on the positioning head, and a linking rod horizontally connected with the right-angle position correcting piece vertically, wherein a plurality of horizontal guide pin holes are arranged on the positioning head, the direction of the horizontal guide pin holes is vertical to the direction of a positioning hook on a femoral neck positioning reference seat (the extension lines of the horizontal projections of the horizontal guide pin holes and the positioning hook are vertical to each other), and after the neck shaft angle, the front rake angle and the front torsion angle of the femoral neck are matched, 1 central axis guide pin and 2 maintaining direction steel pins can be accurately implanted into the femoral neck through the horizontal guide pin holes, so that a foundation is laid for the subsequent hollow nail; the right-angle position correcting part can objectively and accurately match a front rake angle and a front torsion angle by using a calibration probe, is in a right-angle structure and consists of a vertical part and a horizontal part, wherein a probe matching hole is formed in the horizontal part and comprises torsion angle probe matching holes which are arranged in a linear mode (the linear direction of the torsion angle probe matching holes is the width direction of the horizontal part) and front rake angle probe matching holes (the linear direction of the front rake angle probe matching holes is the length direction of the horizontal part), the torsion angle probe matching holes are perpendicular to the front rake angle probe matching holes, the torsion angle probe matching holes are consistent with and matched with the vertical probe holes on the positioning hook of the femoral neck positioning reference seat in arrangement direction, the front torsion angle can be matched by using the calibration probe, and the front rake angle can be matched by using the calibration probe through the front rake angle probe matching holes; the joint rod is movably arranged in a horizontal transverse joint hole of the steering seat, scale marks are arranged on the joint rod, the joint rod can be matched and assembled with the positioning hook and the vertical connecting rod by utilizing the scale marks, and the torsion angle probe matching hole in the matching block of the right-angle correcting piece is located above the vertical probe hole of the positioning hook and is in one-to-one correspondence.

The front hollow nail guide pin guider designed by the invention can implant 2 front hollow nail guide pins (in front of the femoral neck) on the femoral neck by taking a central axis guide pin and a direction maintaining steel pin as references. The base is designed into a square structure, so that the upper plane is parallel to the bone cortex plane in front of the femoral neck, and the operation is facilitated, the left side, the middle side and the right side of the base are respectively provided with a through reference hole, the left side and the right side of the base are respectively corresponding to 2 implanted maintaining direction steel needles, the middle reference hole is corresponding to an implanted central axis guide pin, 1 central axis guide pin and 2 maintaining direction steel needles which are implanted into the femoral neck can be penetrated into the base by utilizing the left side, the middle side and the right side of the base, so that the direction and the position of the base are maintained by taking the central axis guide pin and the maintaining direction steel needles as references, symmetrical rectangular sliding grooves are arranged between the left side reference hole and the middle reference hole and between the middle reference hole and the right side of the base, sliding blocks are arranged in the rectangular sliding grooves, and the sliding type arrangement is convenient for adjusting the position of the sliding blocks, the base is provided with a locking assembly used for locking and fixing the sliding block, the sliding block is provided with a plurality of guide holes with different abscissas and ordinates, the position of the sliding block is adjusted according to the perspective result and the calculated safe region boundary, the sliding block is locked and fixed by the locking assembly, then two front hollow nail guide pins are implanted into the femoral neck of a patient by utilizing the guide holes, and the distance from the guide holes to the midpoint can be selected by symmetrical arrangement, so that the distance can be horizontally adjusted conveniently.

The rear hollow nail guide pin guider designed by the invention can implant 1 rear hollow nail guide pin on the femoral neck by taking the central axis guide pin and the direction maintaining steel pin as references. Comprises a balance seat and a needle inserting guide seat, wherein two ends of the balance seat are provided with through limiting holes, the limiting holes respectively correspond to 2 implanted steel needles for maintaining directions, the 2 steel needles for maintaining directions which are implanted into the neck of femur can be inserted into the balancing seat, a needle inserting guide groove is arranged on the balance seat corresponding to a central axis guide needle, the needle inserting guide seat is detachably connected with the balance seat, a convex block corresponding to the needle inserting guide groove is arranged on the needle inserting guide seat, a through central axis guide needle hole is arranged on the convex block of the needle inserting guide seat, a plurality of through needle inserting holes with different horizontal coordinates and vertical coordinates are arranged below the central axis guide needle hole, after the convex block of the needle inserting guide seat is embedded and arranged in the needle inserting guide groove of the balance seat and is fixed, the limiting holes on the balance seat and the central axis guide needle hole on the needle inserting guide seat can insert 2 steel needles for maintaining directions and 1 guide needle into the central axis guide needle, then according to the coordinate of the rear hollow nail guide pin designed by the operation, 1 rear hollow nail guide pin is implanted into the femoral neck of the patient by utilizing the corresponding needle inlet hole.

The omega-shaped guider designed by the invention can stabilize the front end of the guide pin (the central axis guide pin, the maintaining direction steel pin and the hollow nail guide pin), avoid the drift phenomenon of the guide pin head during needle insertion, and ensure the needle insertion accuracy of the guide pin. The maintenance pipe comprises an omega-shaped handle, wherein maintenance pipes are arranged at two ends of the omega-shaped handle, the maintenance pipes at the two ends are arranged in a linear mode, through holes of the maintenance pipes at the two ends are arranged on the same straight line, and one end, far away from the omega-shaped handle, of each maintenance pipe is designed into inclined planes with opposite directions (one is towards the left, and the other is towards the right). When the guide pin advances the needle, penetrate the guide pin head by the maintenance pipe of omega type hand (hold) one end, wear out by the maintenance pipe of the other end to the maintenance pipe end of wearing out one side is pressed close to the thighbone neck surface, thereby can stabilize the guide pin front end, avoids the guide pin head to appear the drift phenomenon on the thighbone neck surface when advancing the needle, guarantees the precision of guide pin needle insertion point and direction.

The calibration probe is provided with scale marks, angle matching can be converted into distance measurement and matching, and the navigation component can be used for calibrating and matching the neck shaft angle, the anteversion angle and the anterior torsion angle of the femoral neck better by utilizing the scale marks, so that errors are reduced.

A plurality of vertical calibration holes are formed in the positioning hooks and the connecting rods, the positioning hooks and the vertical calibration holes in the connecting rods are in one-to-one correspondence, whether the positioning hooks and the connecting rods are assembled in place or not can be checked through the vertical calibration holes in the positioning hooks and the connecting rods by utilizing the calibration probes, and the torsion angle probe matching holes in the matching blocks of the right-angle calibration piece are located above the vertical probe holes in the positioning hooks and are in one-to-one correspondence.

A further technical scheme is, the design of location hook is modular structure, including being right-angle hook and the locating plate of "L" shape of falling, right-angle hook and locating plate constitute by linkage segment and functional section, and wherein vertical probe hole sets up on the functional section of locating plate, all sets up the screw hole that the position corresponds on right-angle hook and the locating plate (the screw hole set up the position generally all on the linkage segment), is provided with fixing bolt on the screw hole, and the screw hole on right-angle hook and the locating plate of precessing with fixing bolt can make right-angle hook and locating plate fix side by side and make up into the location hook together.

The further technical scheme is that the locking assembly is a bolt fixing assembly. For example, the locking assembly arranged on the positioning hole of the femoral neck positioning reference seat comprises a locking bolt and a bolt hole which is arranged in any direction of the femoral neck positioning reference seat, is communicated with the positioning hole and is perpendicular to the positioning hole, and after the positioning hook moves left and right in the positioning hole to a proper position, the locking bolt penetrates through the bolt hole to penetrate into the mounting hole to abut against the positioning hook tightly placed in the mounting hole, so that the positioning hook can be prevented from moving, and the locking and fixing effects are achieved.

The further technical scheme is that a matching block is arranged on a horizontal piece of the right-angle positioner, and the probe matching hole is formed in the matching block.

The further technical proposal is that the inner side surface (the side facing to the femur in the operation process) of the positioning head is designed into an inclined surface structure. Because the lateral surface (towards the side of location head) of thighbone is the inclined plane structure, designs the medial surface of location head for the inclined plane structure, can make the medial surface of location head and the lateral surface of thighbone shaft near-end roughly parallel, helps reducing the distance of location head and thighbone neck, is favorable to improving the stability and the accuracy that axis guide pin, maintenance direction steel needle implanted the thighbone neck. Preferably, the included angle between the extension line of the horizontal projection of the inner side surface of the positioning head and the extension line of the horizontal projection of the positioning hook is 40-50 degrees.

The technical scheme is that the front surface and the rear surface of the base of the front hollow nail guide pin guider and the front surface and the rear surface of the sliding block are respectively provided with scale marks, the scale marks on the front surface and the rear surface of the base are used for measuring the up-down sliding distance of the sliding block, the up-down distance from the center of the guide pin hole to the middle maintaining hole of the base (namely the front-back radial distance of the femoral neck) is measured, the scale marks on the sliding block are used for measuring the horizontal distance from the guide pin hole to the middle maintaining hole (namely the up-down radial distance of the femoral neck), and then the distance and the coordinate of the guide pin placed on the guide pin hole relative to the central axis of the femoral neck are accurately measured.

According to a further technical scheme, the front end surface and the rear end surface of a needle inserting guide seat of the rear hollow nail guide needle guider are respectively provided with scale marks.

A further technical scheme is, the bottom of the needle inserting guide seat of rear hollow nail guide pin guider is provided with spacing hole, axis guide pin hole, respectively corresponding to 2 pieces of maintenance direction steel needles, 1 piece of axis guide pin, if the error does not appear in the art, according to the coordinate of the rear hollow nail guide pin of operation design, directly utilize corresponding needle inserting hole on the needle inserting guide seat to implant 1 piece of rear hollow nail guide pin into patient's femoral neck.

A further technical scheme is, still include guide pin microspur regulator, if appear the error in the art and when leading to position and position that guide pin (axis guide pin, hollow nail guide pin) was implanted to appear the deviation, usable guide pin microspur regulator adjusts the position of guide pin, makes the guide pin can implant the femoral neck according to the position of operation design. The guide pin microspur adjuster comprises a body in a square structure, wherein a plurality of adjusting holes are formed in the body, the adjusting holes are in the same direction, and the intervals of the adjusting holes are different. After the guide pin is implanted, through perspective, if the position of the guide pin implantation deviates from the position designed by the operation (the implanted guide pin is called as a deviation guide pin at the moment), two adjusting holes are selected according to the deviation distance and the distance between the adjusting holes, one of the adjusting holes penetrates into the deviation guide pin, then the orientation of the guide pin microspur adjuster is adjusted according to the needle inserting position designed by the operation, finally, the correction guide pin penetrates into the other adjusting hole, the femoral neck is implanted, and the adjustment of the guide pin position is completed.

The technical scheme is that the angle adjusting device further comprises an angle gasket, when deviation occurs in the implantation angle (the included angle between the guide pin and the central axis of the femoral neck) of the central axis guide pin and the direction maintaining steel pin due to errors in the operation, the angle of the needle inserting hole of the needle inserting guide seat facing the femoral neck can be adjusted by the angle gasket, the needle inserting angle of the rear hollow nail guide pin is finally adjusted, and the accuracy is improved. Including trapezoidal piece, trapezoidal piece comprises horizontal plane and inclined plane, arranges trapezoidal piece in between the balanced seat of rear hollow nail guide pin director and the needle guide seat of inserting, then connects the two fixedly with the bolt, and because the existence of trapezoidal piece makes the needle guide seat of inserting be certain contained angle fixed with balanced seat this moment to the extension line that makes into the spacing hole on pinhole and the balanced seat presents certain contained angle, so reach the purpose of adjustment needle inserting angle when implanting rear hollow nail guide pin through advancing the pinhole. The contained angle of the extension line on horizontal plane and inclined plane is fixed, consequently, needs a set of a plurality of trapezoidal pieces, and the horizontal plane of every trapezoidal piece and the contained angle of the extension line on inclined plane all inequality, adopt different trapezoidal pieces just can reach the effect of adjusting different needle inserting angles.

The invention has the technical effects that:

1. the invention can determine the femoral neck surgery central axis after matching the neck shaft angle, the anteversion angle and the anterior torsion angle under the condition of individual difference, implant the central axis guide pin, and implant the hollow nail guide pin by taking the central axis guide pin as the reference, thereby avoiding iatrogenic injury easily caused by bare-handed operation, reducing the iatrogenic accident occurrence rate, simplifying the operation process, realizing the implantation of the first-level guide pin, effectively improving the accuracy of the implantation of the guide pin, effectively improving the success rate of the operation, and laying a foundation for the hip protection treatment of the femoral neck fracture.

2. Through axis mechanical navigation device, utilize calibration guide pin, location hook and right angle locator can match completely the neck shaft angle, anteverted angle and the preceding torsion angle of femoral neck, confirm femoral neck surgery axis to once only successfully implant the axis guide pin, combine the hollow nail guide pin director in place ahead, the hollow nail guide pin director in rear, be assisted with omega type director, can realize once only accurately implanting the hollow nail guide pin effectively, establish the basis to the operation success of hollow nail fixation.

3. The intraoperative perspective is measured, and the deviation can be calibrated in real time by matching accessories such as a guide pin microspur adjuster, an angle gasket and the like, so that the hollow nail guide pin, particularly the rear hollow nail guide pin, is accurately implanted, and a foundation is laid for the hip protection treatment of femoral neck fracture.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a navigation member of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a femoral neck positioning reference block of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the positioning hook of the present invention in an exploded state;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of the steering seat of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the construction of the right angle positioner of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a front hollow pin guide needle guide of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the rear hollow pin guide needle guide according to the present invention in an exploded state;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the omega-shaped guide of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a lead micro-distance adjuster of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the construction of the angle shim of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is an effect diagram of the use state of the navigation member of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the effect of the hollow pin guide at the front of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the effect of the rear hollow pin guide needle guide according to the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the effect of the use of the omega-type deflector of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating the effect of the lead fine pitch actuator of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a graph illustrating the effectiveness of the use of the angle spacer of the present invention;

in the figure: 1. a femoral neck positioning reference seat; 2. a vertical connecting rod; 3. a steering seat; 4. a right angle positioner; 5. a positioning hook; 6. a measurement probe; 7. a vertical connecting hole; 8. positioning holes; 9. measuring a hole; 10. a right-angle hook; 11. a screw hole; 12. positioning a plate; 13. a vertical alignment hole; 14. a vertical probe hole; 15. vertically switching the holes; 16. an engagement hole; 17. a horizontal guide pin hole; 18. positioning the head; 19. a vertical member; 20. a horizontal member; 21. a matching block; 22. a torsion angle probe matching hole; 23. a front rake probe matching hole; 24. a connecting rod; 25. a base; 26. a slider; 27. a reference hole; 28. a guide hole; 29. a chute; 30. a balance seat; 31. a limiting hole; 32. a needle insertion guide groove; 33. a needle insertion guide seat; 34. a pinhole is arranged; 35. a bump; 36. a central axis guide pin hole; 37. an omega-shaped handle; 38. a holding tube; 39. a regulator body; 40. an adjustment hole; 41. a trapezoidal block; 42. a horizontal plane; 43. an inclined surface; 44. maintaining a direction steel needle; 45. a central axis guide pin; 46. a femoral neck; 47. calibrating the probe; 48. a hollow nail guide pin in front; 49. the rear part is hollow for nailing and guiding the needle.

Detailed Description

The invention will now be further described, by way of example only, and not by way of limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The invention discloses a head-level femoral neck hollow nail placing system based on an individualized safety boundary, which comprises a central axis mechanical navigation device, a front hollow nail guide pin guider, a rear hollow nail guide pin guider, an omega-shaped guider, a guide pin microspur adjuster and an angle gasket. The central axis mechanical navigation device can match the neck shaft angle, the anteversion angle and the anterior torsion angle of the femoral neck under the condition that individualized differences exist, determine the surgical central axis of the femoral neck, and implant 1 central axis guide pin and 2 direction maintaining steel pins. The hollow nail guide pin director in the place ahead can use axis guide pin and maintenance direction steel needle as the benchmark, implants 2 pieces of hollow nail guide pins in the place ahead on the femoral neck. The rear hollow nail guide pin guider can implant 1 rear hollow nail guide pins on the femoral neck by using the central axis guide pin and the maintaining direction steel pin as the benchmark. The omega-shaped guider can stabilize the front end of a guide pin (a central axis guide pin, a maintaining direction steel pin and a hollow nail guide pin), avoid the drift phenomenon of the guide pin head when the guide pin is inserted, and ensure the accuracy of the insertion of the guide pin.

The invention relates to a central axis mechanical navigation device which comprises a support, a calibration probe and a navigation component. The support is used for supporting and stabilizing the height and position that hang of navigation component, supports, fixes from many tie points, diversely, guarantees that the navigation component can satisfy the operation requirement that the axis guide pin was put into, generally speaking, in machinery trade, the design of support can have multiple structural style, adopts conventional support or special stand all can, does not have specific one-to-one here and discusses. The calibration probe is applied to the navigation component to calibrate and match the anteversion angle and the anterior torsion angle of the femoral neck, the calibration probe is provided with scale marks, and the navigation component can calibrate and match the anteversion angle and the anterior torsion angle of the femoral neck better by utilizing the scale marks, so that errors are reduced. The navigation component includes femoral neck location reference base 1, turns to seat 3, right angle locator 4, as shown in fig. 1, the activity is provided with location hook 5, measuring probe 6 on the femoral neck location reference base 1, is provided with the scale mark on the measuring probe 6, and femoral neck location reference base 1 is connected with turning to seat 3 through vertical connecting rod 2, turns to seat 3 and is connected with right angle locator 4. All be provided with the scale mark on location hook 5, the vertical connecting rod 2, utilize the scale mark can make the assembly of location hook, vertical connecting rod more standard and convenient.

The femoral neck positioning reference base 1 designed by the invention is designed to be of a cuboid structure, as shown in fig. 2, a horizontal transverse positioning hole 8, a vertical connecting hole 7 and a measuring hole 9 in the same direction as the positioning hole are arranged on the femoral neck positioning reference base 1, the positioning hole 8 and the vertical connecting hole 7 are vertically arranged in a staggered manner, and the measuring hole 9 is positioned below the positioning hole; the positioning hook 5 is movably arranged in the positioning hole 8, a bolt fixing assembly used for locking the positioning hook is arranged on the positioning hole, the vertical connecting rod 2 is movably arranged in the vertical connecting hole and is provided with scale marks, the bolt fixing assembly used for locking the vertical connecting rod is arranged on the vertical connecting hole, and the measuring probe 6 is movably arranged in the measuring hole 9.

The positioning hook 5 designed by the invention is of a combined structure, and comprises an inverted L-shaped right-angle hook 10 and a positioning plate 12 as shown in fig. 3, wherein the right-angle hook and the positioning plate are both formed by a connecting section and a functional section, the connecting sections of the right-angle hook 10 and the positioning plate 12 are movably arranged in the positioning hole, the functional section of the positioning plate close to the front end is provided with vertical probe holes 14 (along the length direction of the positioning plate) which are linearly arranged, the position close to the connecting section is provided with three vertical calibration holes 13, the connecting sections of the right-angle hook 10 and the positioning plate 12 are respectively provided with screw holes 11 which correspond to each other in position, the screw holes 11 are provided with fixing bolts, and the right-angle hook and the positioning plate can be fixed together side by side to form the positioning hook 5 by screwing the fixing bolts into the screw holes 11.

The steering base 3 designed by the invention is of a right-angle structure, as shown in fig. 4, a horizontal transverse connecting hole 16 and a vertical connecting hole 15 which are mutually vertical and staggered are arranged on the steering base 3, the upper end of a vertical connecting rod 2 movably arranged on a femoral neck positioning reference base is movably arranged in the vertical connecting hole 15 of the steering base 3, so that the femoral neck positioning reference base 1 is connected with the steering base 3, the steering base 3 is positioned above the femoral neck positioning reference base 1, the connecting hole 16 on the steering base is in the same direction as and above a positioning hole 8 on the femoral neck positioning reference base, and bolt fixing components are respectively arranged on the connecting hole and the vertical connecting hole and are respectively used for locking components arranged in the connecting hole and the vertical connecting hole;

the right angle locator designed by the invention is by the locating head 18, set up the right angle position correcting unit on the locating head vertically, level to and right angle position correcting unit perpendicular connecting joint rod 24 form, as shown in figure 5, set up several level to guide pin hole 17 on the locating head 8, the direction of the horizontal to guide pin hole 17 and direction of the locating hook 5 on the locating base of femur neck 1 are vertical after the pilot member is assembled (the extension line of the horizontal projection of the two is perpendicular to each other), after matching the neck trunk angle, anteversion angle and front torsion angle of the femur neck, can put 1 central axis guide pin, 2 pieces of steel needles of maintaining direction into the femur neck accurately through the guide pin hole of level, lay the foundation for putting into of the subsequent hollow nail; the right-angle position correcting part can objectively and accurately match a front rake angle and a front torsion angle by using a calibration probe, is in a right-angle structure and consists of a vertical part 19 and a horizontal part 20, the front end of the horizontal part 20 is provided with a matching block 21, the matching block is provided with probe matching holes, the probe matching holes comprise three torsion angle probe matching holes 22 (the linear direction of the three torsion angle probe matching holes is the width direction of the horizontal part) and three anteversion angle probe matching holes 23 (the linear direction of the three anteversion angle probe matching holes is the length direction of the horizontal part) which are arranged in a linear way, the torsion angle probe matching holes 22 are vertical to the anteversion angle probe matching holes 23, the torsion angle probe matching holes 22 are positioned above the vertical probe holes 14 of the positioning hooks of the femoral neck positioning reference seat after the navigation component is assembled, the calibration probe is matched with the front torsion angle, and the calibration probe can be matched with the front rake angle through the front rake angle probe matching hole 23; the joint rod 24 is movably arranged in the horizontal transverse joint hole 16 of the steering seat, scale marks are arranged on the joint rod, the joint rod can be matched with the positioning hook and the vertical connecting rod through the scale marks, vertical calibration holes corresponding to the vertical calibration holes 13 of the positioning hook are further formed in the joint rod 24, double calibration can be achieved through the scale marks and the vertical calibration holes, and the torsion angle probe matching holes 22 in the matching blocks of the right-angle calibration piece are located above the vertical probe holes 14 of the positioning hook and correspond to the vertical probe holes one by one.

The invention relates to a front hollow nail guide pin guider, which comprises a base 25 with a square structure, as shown in figure 6, the base 25 is designed into the square structure, so that the upper plane is parallel to the bone cortex plane in front of the femoral neck, the operation is facilitated, the front end surface and the rear end surface of the base are both provided with scale marks, the left side, the middle and the right side of the base are respectively provided with a through reference hole 27, the left reference hole and the right reference hole respectively correspond to 2 implanted maintaining direction steel pins, the middle reference hole corresponds to an implanted central axis guide pin, 1 central axis guide pin and 2 maintaining direction steel pins which are implanted into the femoral neck can be penetrated into the base by using the left reference hole, the middle reference hole and the right reference hole, so that the direction and the position of the base are maintained by taking the central axis of the guide pin and the maintaining direction steel pins as references, symmetrical rectangular chutes 29 are respectively arranged between the left reference hole and the middle reference hole and the reference hole and between the middle reference hole and the right reference hole, the sliding type adjustable sliding block is characterized in that a sliding block 26 is arranged in the rectangular sliding groove in a sliding mode, the position of the sliding block is convenient to adjust, a locking assembly used for locking and fixing the sliding block is arranged on the base, a plurality of guide holes 28 with different horizontal coordinates and vertical coordinates are formed in the sliding block, scale marks are arranged on the front end surface and the rear end surface of the sliding block 26, the sliding block is locked and fixed by the locking assembly according to a perspective result and a calculated safe region boundary, the guide holes 28 are used for implanting two front hollow nail guide pins into the femoral neck of a patient, the distance from the guide holes to the middle point can be selected through symmetrical arrangement, and the distance can be adjusted horizontally conveniently.

The invention relates to a guide needle guider of a rear hollow nail, which comprises a balance seat 30 and a needle inserting guide seat 33, as shown in figure 7, two ends of the balance seat are provided with through limiting holes 31, the limiting holes respectively correspond to 2 implanted maintaining direction steel needles, the 2 maintaining direction steel needles implanted into femoral necks can be inserted into the through limiting holes, a needle inserting guide groove 32 is arranged at the position corresponding to a central axis guide needle on the balance seat, the needle inserting guide seat 33 is connected with the balance seat 30 through a bolt fixing component (namely, threaded holes are arranged at corresponding positions of the needle inserting guide seat and the balance seat, and then the needle inserting guide seat and the balance seat are connected and fixed through bolts, thereby realizing the detachable connection), a convex block 35 corresponding to the needle inserting guide groove is arranged on the needle inserting guide seat, a through central axis guide needle hole 36 is arranged on the convex block of the needle inserting guide seat, a plurality of needle inserting holes 34 with different horizontal coordinates and vertical coordinates are arranged below the central axis guide needle hole, after the lug of the needle insertion guide seat is embedded and installed in the needle insertion guide groove of the balance seat and fixed by the bolt fixing assembly, 2 maintaining direction steel needles and 1 central axis guide needle can be penetrated into the limiting hole 31 on the balance seat and the central axis guide needle hole 36 on the needle insertion guide seat, and then 1 rear hollow nail guide needle is implanted into the femoral neck of a patient by utilizing the needle insertion hole 34 according to the surgical design. The bottom of the needle inserting guide seat 33 is provided with a limit hole and a central axis guide pin hole, and the front end surface and the rear end surface of the needle inserting guide seat of the rear hollow nail guide pin guider are provided with scale marks. When the hollow nail guide needle is implanted at the rear, the balance seat 30 can be matched with the needle inserting guide seat 33 for needle inserting, or the needle inserting guide seat 33 can be independently used for needle inserting.

The omega-shaped guider designed by the invention comprises an omega-shaped handle 37, as shown in fig. 8, two ends of the omega-shaped handle are provided with maintaining pipes 38, the maintaining pipes at the two ends are arranged in a linear manner, through holes of the maintaining pipes at the two ends are arranged on a straight line, the aperture of the through hole of the maintaining pipe is slightly larger than the diameter of a guide pin, and one end of the maintaining pipe, which is far away from the omega-shaped handle, is designed into inclined planes with opposite directions (one towards the left, and the other towards the right). When the guide pin advances the needle, penetrate the guide pin head by the maintenance pipe of omega type hand (hold) 37 one end, wear out by the maintenance pipe of the other end to the maintenance pipe end of wearing out one side is pressed close to the thighbone neck surface, thereby can stabilize the guide pin front end, avoids the guide pin head to appear the drift phenomenon on the thighbone neck surface when advancing the needle, guarantees the precision of guide pin needle insertion point and direction.

The guide pin micro-distance adjuster comprises an adjuster body 39 with a square structure, as shown in fig. 9, a plurality of adjusting holes 40 are arranged on the body, the adjusting holes are in the same direction, and the distances among the adjusting holes are different. After the guide pin is implanted, through perspective, if the position of the guide pin implantation deviates from the position designed by the operation (the implanted guide pin is called as a deviation guide pin at the moment), two adjusting holes are selected according to the deviating distance and the distance between the adjusting holes, one of the adjusting holes penetrates into the deviation guide pin, then the distance of the guide pin microspur adjuster is adjusted according to the needle inserting position designed by the operation, finally, the correction guide pin penetrates into the other adjusting hole, the femoral neck is implanted, and the adjustment of the guide pin position is completed. And finally, taking out the deviation guide pin and reserving the correction guide pin.

The angle washer designed by the present invention includes a trapezoidal block 41, as shown in fig. 10, which is composed of a horizontal surface 42 and an inclined surface 43. Because the angle to be adjusted is not fixed, a group of a plurality of trapezoidal blocks are needed to complete the adjustment of the needle insertion angle, and the included angles between the horizontal plane 42 of each trapezoidal block 41 (angle pad) and the extension line of the inclined plane 43 are different and are respectively 1 °, 2 °, 3 °, 4 ° and 5 ° … … …. When needing to adjust the needle inserting angle, the needle inserting angle of adjusting as required, select corresponding trapezoidal piece 41, arrange trapezoidal piece 41 in between balanced seat 30 and the needle inserting guide holder 33 of the hollow nail guide pin director in rear, then connect the two fixedly with the bolt, owing to the existence of trapezoidal piece this moment, it is fixed that messenger's needle inserting guide holder 33 is certain contained angle with balanced seat 30, thereby make into spacing hole 31 on pinhole 34 and the balanced seat and present certain angular deviation (the extension line of the two presents certain contained angle), so can reach the purpose of adjusting the needle inserting angle when implanting the hollow nail guide pin in rear through entering pinhole 34. Because the horizontal plane of every trapezoidal piece all is inequality with the contained angle of the extension line of inclined plane, adopt different trapezoidal pieces just can reach the effect of adjusting different needle inserting angles.

When the positioning device is implemented, the middle point of the upper diameter and the lower diameter of the femoral neck can be positioned by utilizing the vertical probe hole in the middle of the positioning hook (comprising the right-angle hook 10 and the positioning plate 12), so that a group of a plurality of positioning plates can be designed, the specification of each positioning plate is the same, the intervals of the vertical probe holes are equal, but the distances from the vertical probe holes of different positioning plates to the front end (namely the front end of the right-angle hook) are different. The safe area boundary is solved by CT before operation, the anteroposterior diameter and the superior-inferior diameter of the femoral neck are measured, after the anteroposterior diameter midpoint is calculated and determined, the corresponding positioning plate is selected according to the distance from the vertical probe hole to the front end, and when the positioning hook hooks the inner lower part (femoral neck isthmus) of the femoral neck, the vertical probe hole in the middle position of the positioning plate is just positioned at the midpoint of the superior-inferior diameter of the femoral neck, so that the effect of positioning the superior-inferior diameter midpoint by using the positioning plate is achieved.

The working principle of the invention is as follows:

one, utilize the mechanical navigation device of central axis to implant the central axis guide pin, maintain the direction steel needle

As shown in FIG. 11, a medial axis guide pin for left femoral neck fracture is used as an example. When a central axis guide pin of femoral neck fracture is placed into an operation, a safe region boundary is calculated by pre-operation CT, the anteroposterior diameter and the upper and lower diameters of the femoral neck are measured, the anteroposterior diameter midpoint and the upper and lower diameter midpoint are calculated and determined, and the femoral neck positioning reference seat 1, the steering seat 3 and the right-angle positioner 4 are adjusted and assembled according to the anteroposterior diameter and the upper and lower diameter parameters of the femoral neck: inserting the vertical connecting rod 2 into the vertical connecting hole 7 of the femoral neck positioning reference seat 1, locking and fixing the vertical connecting rod 2 by using a bolt fixing component, adjusting the position of the steering seat 3 on the vertical connecting rod 2, locking and fixing the steering seat (the position of the steering seat 3 is determined according to the height of the vertical component of the right-angle positioner and the position of the front-back diameter midpoint of the femoral neck and according to the scale marks of the vertical connecting rod 2, so that after the neck shaft angle, the front rake angle and the front torsion angle are matched by the central axis mechanical navigation device, the horizontal guide pin hole of the positioning head on the right-angle positioner is aligned with the front-back diameter midpoint of the femoral neck), inserting the joint rod 24 of the right-angle positioner 4 into the horizontal transverse joint hole 16 of the steering seat 3, and locking and fixing the joint rod 24 by using the bolt fixing component (the position of the joint rod 24 inserted into the steering seat 3 is determined according to the distance between the femoral neck positioning reference seat 1 and the femoral neck upper-back diameter midpoint, the navigation component is well installed after the central axis mechanical navigation device is matched with the shaft neck angle, the anteversion angle and the front torsion angle, namely the hole at the intersection of the torsion angle probe matching hole 22 and the anteversion angle probe matching hole 23, namely the middle hole in the three torsion angle probe matching holes is positioned above the middle point of the upper diameter and the lower diameter of the femoral neck, and finally the navigation component is supported and fixed in multiple connection points and multiple directions by utilizing the support, so that the suspension height and the direction of the navigation component meet the operation requirements of the guide pin placement.

The operation process of the operation is as follows:

1. the front end of a right-angle hook 10 of a positioning hook 5 is inserted into the femoral neck part of a patient, the right-angle hook 10 hooks the inner lower part (femoral neck isthmus) of the femoral neck 46 by rotating 90 degrees, a positioning plate 12 is inserted and formed by clinging to the outer side of the positioning hook 5, a combined type positioning hook 5 is formed (the functional section of the positioning plate 12 clings to the front cortex of the femoral neck), and the positioning hook and the positioning plate are connected into a whole by screws. The combined positioning hook 5 is inserted into a positioning hole 8 of a femoral neck positioning reference base 1, the upper and lower diameters of the femoral neck are measured by using a measuring probe 6, the upper and lower diameters are compared with data before operation, the positioning hook is further confirmed to reach an ideal position, the positioning hook is used for matching a shaft angle, and then a bolt fixing component is used for locking and fixing.

2. Slightly loosening the bolt fixing component for locking and fixing the joint rod 24, adjusting the position of the joint rod 24 of the right-angle positioner 4 inserted into the horizontal transverse joint hole 16 of the steering seat 3, calibrating by using scale marks and vertical calibration holes, enabling the torsion angle probe matching hole 22 to be positioned above the vertical probe hole 14 of the positioning hook and corresponding one to one, and locking and fixing the joint rod 24 by using the bolt fixing component. In the period, the bracket connection point is adjusted according to the requirement, and the torsion angle probe matching hole 22 is fixed after being adjusted in place.

3. The calibration probes 27 are inserted into the torsion angle probe matching hole 22 and the rake angle probe matching hole 23 on the matching block respectively, the calibration probe 47 is used for matching an anterior torsion angle through the torsion angle probe matching hole 22 (after the calibration probe 47 is inserted into the vertical probe hole 14 through the torsion angle probe matching hole 22 and is contacted with the surface of the femoral neck, the anterior torsion angle can be matched according to whether the scale length of the upper surface of the calibration probe 47 exposed out of the matching block is consistent or not, the anterior torsion angle can be matched well if the length is consistent or can be finely adjusted), and the calibration probe 47 is used for matching an anterior tilt angle through the anterior tilt angle probe matching hole 23 (after the calibration probe 47 is inserted downwards through the anterior tilt angle probe matching hole 23 and is contacted with the surface of the femoral neck, the anterior tilt angle can be finely adjusted according to whether the scale length of the upper surface of the calibration probe 47 exposed out of the matching block is consistent or not, the length is consistent or not, the anterior tilt angle is matched well if the length is consistent, or the anterior tilt angle can be finely adjusted by adjusting the length).

4. 1 piece of

axis guide pin

45, 2 pieces of maintenance direction steel needle 44 implant the femoral neck through the level to guide pin hole 17, realize the implantation of femoral neck surgery axis guide pin, maintenance direction steel needle based on individuation safety margin, establish the basis for the implantation of follow-up hollow nail.

Two, hollow nail guide needle implantation

The hollow nail guide needle is implanted according to the surgical design by using the front hollow nail guide needle guider, the rear hollow nail guide needle guider and the omega-shaped guider and taking 1 central

axis guide needle

45 and 2 maintaining direction steel needles 44 as the reference.

1. The X-ray positive lateral perspective calculates the position (anteroposterior, up-down) of 1

mid-axis guide pin

45 and 2 maintaining direction steel pins 44 in the femoral neck 46 to adjust the coordinate parameters when using the front cannulated nail guide pin guide.

2. Keeping a central axis guide pin 45, a maintaining direction steel pin 44 and withdrawing from the central axis mechanical navigation device, respectively inserting the central axis guide pin 45 and the maintaining direction steel pin 44 into the reference hole 27 of the base 25, respectively corresponding to the implanted 2 maintaining direction steel pins in the left and right reference holes, respectively, and corresponding to the implanted central axis guide pin in the middle reference hole, as shown in fig. 12, adjusting the position of the slide block 26 according to the coordinates and scale marks of the front hollow nail guide pin designed by the operation and locking and fixing the slide block by a locking component according to the perspective result and the calculated safe region boundary, then implanting two front hollow nail guide pins 48 into the femoral neck 46 of the patient by using the corresponding guide holes 28, and then withdrawing from the base 25.

3. The balance seat 30 and the needle insertion guide seat 33 are locked and fixed by using bolts, then 2 maintaining direction steel needles 44 are respectively inserted into the limiting holes 31 at the two ends of the balance seat, 1 central axis guide needle 45 is inserted into the central axis guide needle hole 36 of the needle insertion guide seat, as shown in fig. 13, according to the coordinate of the rear hollow nail guide needle designed by the operation, 1 rear hollow nail guide needle is implanted into the femoral neck 46 of the patient by using the corresponding needle insertion hole 34 below the central axis guide needle hole 36. In-process at the hollow nail guide pin in implantation rear, in order to avoid the guide syringe needle of the hollow nail guide pin in rear to appear the drift phenomenon on the femoral neck surface when inserting the needle, guarantee the precision that the guide needle inserted, utilize omega type director to prevent the drift from appearing: the guide pin head is inserted through the holding tube at one end of the omega-shaped handle 37 and then inserted through the holding tube at the other end, and the end of the holding tube at the side from which the guide pin head is inserted is brought into close contact with the surface of the femoral neck, so that the front end of the guide pin can be stabilized, as shown in fig. 14. The implantation process of other guide pins (central axis guide pin, direction maintaining steel pin, hollow nail guide pin) can also utilize omega-shaped guider to prevent drift during needle insertion.

4. After the implantation of three hollow nail guide pins (1 rear hollow nail guide pin and two front hollow nail guide pins), the position of the hollow nail guide pin in the neck of the femur is calculated through perspective again, the actual position of the hollow nail guide pin is compared with the position designed in the operation, and the hollow nail can be implanted according to the hollow nail guide pin direction if no position deviation occurs. If the position deviation occurs, the position of the hollow nail guide needle needs to be adjusted, two adjusting holes are selected by utilizing the guide needle micro-distance adjuster according to the deviated distance and the distance between the adjusting holes, one adjusting hole penetrates into the offset guide needle, then the orientation of the guide needle micro-distance adjuster is adjusted according to the needle inserting position designed by the operation, finally the correction guide needle penetrates into the other adjusting hole and is implanted into the femoral neck, the adjustment of the position of the guide needle is completed, and finally the offset guide needle is taken out and the correction guide needle is reserved as shown in figure 15. Other guide pins (central axis guide pin, maintaining direction steel pin, hollow nail guide pin) have position deviation, and the same is true in the adjusting process.

5. According to the perspective and the calculation result, if the implantation angle of the rear hollow nail guide pin is deviated, the central axis guide pin 45 is taken out, then the corresponding trapezoidal block 41 is selected according to the deviation angle (the included angle of the extension lines of the horizontal plane 42 and the inclined plane 43 is basically the same as the deviation angle), the balance seat 30 and the needle feeding guide seat 33 of the rear hollow nail guide pin guider are arranged between, then the two are connected and fixed by the bolt, at the moment, due to the existence of the trapezoidal block, the needle feeding guide seat 33 and the balance seat 30 are fixed at a certain included angle, and therefore the needle feeding hole 34 and the limit hole 31 on the balance seat present a certain angle deviation (the extension lines of the two present a certain included angle). The 2 steel needles for maintaining direction are inserted into the limiting holes 31 on the balance base, and then the needle inlet holes 34 are used to implant the rear hollow nail guide needle, as shown in fig. 16, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the needle inserting angle. Because the horizontal plane of every trapezoidal piece all is inequality with the contained angle of the extension line of inclined plane, adopt different trapezoidal pieces just can reach the effect of adjusting different needle inserting angles.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a nail system is put to leading formula thighbone neck hollow nail based on individuation safety boundary which characterized in that: the central axis mechanical navigation device is arranged in the front of the hollow nail guide pin guider;

the central axis mechanical navigation device comprises a support, a calibration probe and a navigation component, wherein the navigation component comprises a femoral neck positioning reference seat, a steering seat and a right-angle positioner;

the femoral neck positioning reference base is designed to be of a cuboid structure, a horizontal transverse positioning hole, a vertical connecting hole and a measuring hole in the same direction as the positioning hole are formed in the femoral neck positioning reference base, the positioning hole and the vertical connecting hole are perpendicular to each other and are arranged in a staggered mode, and the measuring hole is located below the positioning hole; the positioning hole is internally and movably provided with a positioning hook, the positioning hole is provided with a locking assembly for locking the positioning hook, the positioning hook comprises a connecting section and a functional section, the connecting section is movably arranged in the positioning hole, the front end of the functional section is provided with a right-angle hook, and the part close to the front end is provided with a plurality of vertical probe holes which are arranged in a linear manner; the vertical connecting holes are internally and movably provided with vertical connecting rods, and the vertical connecting holes are provided with locking assemblies for locking the vertical connecting rods; a measuring probe is movably arranged on the measuring hole, and scale marks are arranged on the measuring probe; the connecting section of the positioning hook and the vertical connecting rod are both provided with scale marks;

the steering seat is provided with a horizontal transverse connection hole and a vertical connection hole which are vertically staggered, the upper end of a vertical connecting rod on the femoral neck positioning reference seat is movably arranged in the vertical connection hole of the steering seat, the transverse connection hole on the steering seat and the positioning hole on the femoral neck positioning reference seat are in the same direction and are positioned above the transverse connection hole, and the connection hole and the vertical connection hole are both provided with locking assemblies;

the right-angle positioner consists of a positioning head, a right-angle correcting piece vertically arranged on the positioning head and a linking rod horizontally and vertically connected with the right-angle correcting piece, wherein a plurality of horizontal guide pin holes are formed in the positioning head, and the direction of the horizontal guide pin holes is vertical to the direction of a positioning hook on the femoral neck positioning reference seat; the right-angle correcting part is of a right-angle structure and comprises a vertical part and a horizontal part, wherein probe matching holes are formed in the horizontal part and comprise torsion angle probe matching holes and front rake angle probe matching holes which are arranged in a linear mode, and the torsion angle probe matching holes are perpendicular to the front rake angle probe matching holes; the joint rod is movably arranged in a horizontal transverse joint hole of the steering seat, and is provided with scale marks;

the front hollow nail guide pin guider comprises a base with a square structure, penetrating reference holes are respectively formed in the left side, the middle and the right side of the base, symmetrical rectangular sliding grooves are formed between the reference holes in the left side and the middle and between the reference holes in the middle and the right side of the base, a sliding block is arranged in the rectangular sliding grooves in a sliding mode, a locking assembly used for locking and fixing the sliding block is arranged on the base, and a plurality of guide holes with different abscissa and ordinate are formed in the sliding block;

the rear hollow nail guide pin guider comprises a balance seat and a needle inserting guide seat, wherein two ends of the balance seat are provided with through limiting holes, a needle inserting guide groove is formed in the position, corresponding to the central axis guide pin, of the balance seat, the needle inserting guide seat is connected with the balance seat in an assembling and disassembling mode, a convex block corresponding to the needle inserting guide groove is arranged on the needle inserting guide seat, a through central axis guide pin hole is formed in the convex block of the needle inserting guide seat, and needle inserting holes with different horizontal coordinates and vertical coordinates are formed below the central axis guide pin hole;

the omega-shaped guider comprises omega-shaped handles, maintaining pipes are arranged at two ends of the omega-shaped handles, the maintaining pipes at the two ends are arranged in a linear mode, and one ends, far away from the omega-shaped handles, of the maintaining pipes are designed into inclined planes with opposite directions.

2. The individualized safety boundary based pre-emptive femoral neck cannulated nail placement system according to claim 1, wherein: and the calibration probe is provided with scale marks.

3. The individualized safety boundary based pre-emptive femoral neck cannulated nail placement system according to claim 1, wherein: the positioning hooks and the connecting rods are provided with a plurality of vertical calibration holes, and the positioning hooks and the vertical calibration holes in the connecting rods are in one-to-one correspondence.

4. The individualized safety boundary based pre-emptive femoral neck cannulated nail placement system according to claim 1, wherein: the design of location hook is modular structure, including being right-angle hook and the locating plate of "L" shape of falling, right-angle hook and locating plate constitute by linkage segment and functional section, and wherein vertical probe hole sets up on the functional section of locating plate, all sets up the screw hole that the position corresponds on right-angle hook and the locating plate, is provided with fixing bolt on the screw hole.

5. The individualized safety boundary based pre-emptive femoral neck cannulated nail placement system according to claim 1, wherein: the locking assembly is a bolt fixing assembly.

6. The individualized safety boundary based pre-emptive femoral neck cannulated nail placement system according to claim 1, wherein: and a matching block is arranged on the horizontal piece of the right-angle positioner, and the probe matching hole is arranged on the matching block.

7. The individualized safety boundary based pre-emptive femoral neck cannulated nail placement system according to claim 1, wherein: the inner side surface of the positioning head is designed to be an inclined surface structure.

8. The individualized safety boundary based antecedent femoral neck cannulated nail placement system according to claim 7, wherein: the included angle between the extension line of the horizontal projection of the inner side surface of the positioning head and the extension line of the horizontal projection of the positioning hook is 40-50 degrees.

9. The individualized safety boundary based pre-emptive femoral neck cannulated nail placement system according to claim 1, wherein: and scale marks are arranged on the front end surface and the rear end surface of the base of the front hollow nail guide pin guider and the front end surface and the rear end surface of the sliding block.

10. The individualized safety boundary based pre-emptive femoral neck cannulated nail placement system according to claim 1, wherein: and scale marks are arranged on the front end surface and the rear end surface of the needle inserting guide seat of the rear hollow nail guide needle guider.

11. The individualized safety boundary based pre-emptive femoral neck cannulated nail placement system according to claim 1, wherein: and the bottom of the needle inserting guide seat of the rear hollow nail guide needle guider is provided with a limiting hole and a central axis guide needle hole.

12. The individualized safety boundary based pre-emptive femoral neck cannulated nail placement system according to claim 1, wherein: still include guide pin microspur regulator, guide pin microspur regulator is including being the body of square structure, sets up several regulation hole on the body, and the regulation hole syntropy and the interval of each regulation hole are different each other.

13. The individualized safety boundary based pre-emptive femoral neck cannulated nail placement system according to claim 1, wherein: the angle gasket comprises a trapezoidal block, and the trapezoidal block is composed of a horizontal plane and an inclined plane.