CN113692205A - Liquid cooling machine frame and welding method thereof - Google Patents
Liquid cooling machine frame and welding method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113692205A CN113692205A CN202111114927.4A CN202111114927A CN113692205A CN 113692205 A CN113692205 A CN 113692205A CN 202111114927 A CN202111114927 A CN 202111114927A CN 113692205 A CN113692205 A CN 113692205A
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000553 6063 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001094 6061 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/20218—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a liquid coolant without phase change in electronic enclosures
- H05K7/20254—Cold plates transferring heat from heat source to coolant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0033—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid cooling machine frame and a welding method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of liquid cooling heat dissipation. The frame comprises a drainage plate, a guide plate and a water cooling plate arranged between the drainage plate and the guide plate; the middle positions of the inner sides of the drainage plate and the guide plate are respectively provided with a first groove for mounting a water cooling plate; both sides of the water cooling plate are embedded in the grooves; the water-cooling plate comprises a water-cooling cover plate and a water-cooling base plate positioned at the bottom of the water-cooling cover plate. The welding mode of the invention has high automation degree, low requirement on the individual skill level of workers, is most suitable for large-scale production and is easy to popularize.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of liquid cooling heat dissipation, in particular to a liquid cooling rack and a welding method.
Background
The electronic device is developed towards high frequency, integration, high power and high density, so that the heat productivity and heat flux density of the volume electronic device are greatly increased, and the heat dissipation space is reduced. The heat productivity of the chip is not only related to the energy consumption problem, but also related to the safe and efficient working state of the chip. It has been investigated that 55% of electronic equipment failures are due to excessive temperatures and that overheating damage has become a major failure mode of electronic equipment. In order to meet the increasingly high heat dissipation requirements, modern racks or chassis have generally adopted liquid cooling structures, and meanwhile, the structures of the racks or chassis are increasingly miniaturized, so that higher requirements are provided for the manufacturing process, especially the welding process, of the racks or chassis.
The liquid cooling rack or chassis is generally formed by welding single-layer or multi-layer heat dissipation cold plates with micro liquid cooling channels. However, the existing structure and process have the defects of low welding quality, complex working procedure, long production flow, high cost and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a liquid-cooled rack and a welding method. The rack is simple in manufacturing process, cost-saving and good in water cooling effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a liquid cooling rack comprises a drainage plate, a guide plate and a water cooling plate arranged between the drainage plate and the guide plate; the middle positions of the inner sides of the drainage plate and the guide plate are respectively provided with a first groove for mounting a water cooling plate; both sides of the water cooling plate are embedded in the grooves; the water-cooling plate comprises a water-cooling cover plate and a water-cooling base plate positioned at the bottom of the water-cooling cover plate;
at least one first tenon is arranged in each groove, first mortises corresponding to the tenons are arranged on two sides of the water cooling plate, and the first tenons are embedded in the corresponding first mortises; a second tenon is arranged in the second tenon groove, a second tenon groove is arranged in the first tenon, and the second tenon is embedded in the second tenon groove;
a runner inlet vertical to the drainage plate penetrates through the second tenon and is coaxial with the second tenon; the flow channel sequentially passes through the water-cooling base plate and is communicated to the flow channel outlet of the guide plate.
Further, the water cooling plate is parallel to the drainage plate.
Furthermore, all be equipped with at least one tenon in each recess, the both sides of water-cooling board all are equipped with the tongue-and-groove that corresponds with the tenon, and the tenon inlays in the tongue-and-groove that corresponds.
Furthermore, the drainage plate and the guide plate are also erected on the top plate; the roof is located the top of drainage plate and guide plate, and roof bottom, drainage plate top and guide plate top all are equipped with the locating hole, and the roof passes through locating pin and drainage plate and guide plate fixed connection.
Further, be used for welding like above-mentioned a liquid cooling frame, concrete step is as follows:
step 4, welding, namely splicing a cold plate by adopting electron beam welding, designing a reinforcing tenon, and connecting the reinforcing tenon and the cold plate by using screws;
and 5, removing stress, correcting shape and finally performing heat treatment strengthening.
Further, the specific requirements of destressing and sizing are as follows: the stress removing temperature of the splitter plate is 280 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2h, the splitter plate is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace, the stress removing temperature of the frame is 150-160 ℃, the temperature is kept for 4h, and the splitter plate is cooled along with the furnace.
Further, the specific requirements of the heat treatment strengthening are as follows: cleaning a cold plate before heat treatment, and removing excess; the solid solution treatment adopts a vacuum gas quenching process, and a vacuum gas quenching furnace with a nitrogen cooling system is selected; within 2h after the solution treatment, leveling by hand or a machine, wherein the flatness is required to be less than or equal to 0.1mm in any area of 100mm multiplied by 100 mm; after aging treatment, checking the Brinell hardness, and requiring: the Brinell hardness of the 6061 aluminum alloy cold plate reaches 64 HBS-75 HBS, and the Brinell hardness of the 6063 aluminum alloy cold plate reaches 50 HBS-60 HBS.
The invention adopts the technical scheme to produce the beneficial effects that:
1. the water cooling frame is welded locally step by step, and the structural design is facilitated.
2. The frame of the invention has high welding strength.
3. The rack of the invention has small and regular deformation after welding and is convenient for shape correction.
4. The sealing component disclosed by the invention has the advantage that the leakage point after welding is easy to repair.
5. The invention has strong process repeatability and is convenient to ensure the quality of the same component.
Through comparison, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the automation degree of the welding mode is high, the requirement on the individual skill level of workers is low, the method is most suitable for large-scale production, and the popularization is easy.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the top plate structure of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the water-cooling plate in fig. 1.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the drainage plate of FIG. 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the baffle of fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the flow guide sealing plate in fig. 1.
Fig. 7 is a dimension diagram of a sealing tenon structure according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 8 is a weld penetration table for an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1: a top plate; 2: a water-cooling plate; 3: a drainage plate; 4: a flow guide side plate; 5: and a flow guide sealing plate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, in this embodiment, the top plate 1 and the water-cooling plate 2 are made of aluminum alloy 6063, and the flow guide plate 3, the flow guide side plate 4, and the flow guide sealing plate 5 are made of aluminum alloy 5a 06. It includes the drainage plate and the guide plate of both sides, is located in the middle of drainage plate and the guide plate, and adopts the roof that welding mode links to each other, is located in the middle of drainage plate and the guide plate, and the multilayer water-cooling board of intercommunication liquid cooling to and with guide plate matched with water conservancy diversion closing plate.
The roof be located the superiors of liquid cooling frame, the roof overlap joint is on drainage plate, guide plate respectively, and the roof outside flushes with the outside of drainage plate, guide plate and aligns. The top plate is respectively connected with the contact surfaces of the drainage plate and the guide plate in a positioning way through a plurality of positioning holes.
The drainage plate and the guide plate are respectively positioned at two sides of the liquid cooling rack, and a plurality of positioning holes are respectively arranged on the contact surfaces of the drainage plate, the guide plate and the top plate and are positioned and connected through positioning pins. A through groove is respectively processed at the contact surface positions corresponding to the drainage plate, the guide plate and the water cooling plate, the width of the groove is equal to the height of the side edge of the water cooling plate, and the depth of the groove is equal to the width of the side edge of the water cooling plate. At least one tenon is arranged in the groove, the tenon is of a hollow structure, and the inner surface of the tenon is just closely attached to the outer surface of the tenon at the two sides of the water cooling plate. The number of the tenons in the groove is equal to that of the tenons on two sides of the water cooling plate.
And a liquid inlet/outlet is processed on the side edge of the drainage plate, the axis of the liquid inlet/outlet is intersected and vertical to the axis of the tenon in the groove of the drainage plate, and the liquid inlet/outlet is communicated with the tenon in the groove of the drainage plate.
Tenons with the same quantity with the two sides of the water cooling plate are machined on the other side of the contact surface of the guide plate and the water cooling plate, the axes of the tenons on the two sides of the guide plate are consistent, the tenons on the two sides are communicated, a circle of groove is machined on the periphery of the tenon, the width of the groove is not less than 5mm, and the height of the tenon is lower than the depth of the groove.
The external dimension of the diversion sealing plate is matched with the external dimension of the groove which is communicated with one side of the diversion plate from top to bottom. The thickness of the guide sealing plate is equal to the depth of the groove communicated with one side of the guide plate up and down. A groove is processed in the flow guide sealing plate, the depth of the groove is larger than the height of the tenon matched with the groove, and the distance between the groove and the edge of the flow guide sealing plate is equal to the width of the groove in the flow guide plate.
The water cooling plate comprises a cold plate cover plate and a base plate, and a plurality of positioning holes are respectively arranged on the contact surfaces of the cold plate cover plate and the base plate and are positioned and connected through positioning pins. And a flow channel is processed in the base plate of the water cooling plate. The two side surfaces of the base plate extend outwards from top to bottom, and the welding area of the water cooling plate and the side plates is enlarged. The thickness of the diffusion surfaces on the two sides of the substrate is not less than 2 mm. At least one tenon is respectively arranged on two sides of the base plate of the water cooling plate, and the tenon is of a hollow structure.
The liquid cooling rack welding process of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) the pretreatment of welding requires the following steps:
a) trial assembly: ensuring that the clearance of the sealing welding line is less than 0.1mm and the non-sealing welding line is less than 0.2 mm;
b) cleaning: removing oxides at the joint part by a chemical cleaning method; before welding, polishing the local joint by using an austenite steel wire brush; then absolute ethyl alcohol is used for cleaning the joint position.
2) Assembly, the requirements are as follows:
a) assembling: assembling by using a 304 stainless steel clamp to reduce welding deformation;
b) and (4) checking: and ensuring that the clearance of the sealing welding line is less than 0.1mm and the non-sealing welding line is less than 0.2 mm.
3) Welding:
and (4) splicing the cold plate by adopting electron beam welding, designing a reinforcing tenon and assisting in screw connection. FIG. 7 is a structural diagram of a sealing tenon used in a cold frame electron beam welding process, the structural dimensions of which are as follows: a) the height of the tenon A is more than 3mm, preferably more than 4 mm; b) the thickness of the tenon wall is more than 2mm, preferably more than 3 mm; c) the width of the step C should be more than 1.5mm, preferably more than 3 mm; d) the step width of D should be more than 0.5mm, preferably more than 1 mm; e) the thickness of the cover plate E is more than 2.5mm, preferably more than 3 mm; f) the wall thickness of the F edge should be > 2mm, preferably > 3 mm.
The welding requirements are as follows:
a) and (3) welding sequence: firstly, spot welding and then full welding;
b) controlling the melting depth: require to see FIG. 8;
c) the welding seam requirement is as follows: the requirement of 2-level welding seams in the GJB 1718A-2005 standard is met, and the sealing performance of the welding seams meets the sealing pressure-resistant test requirement of the liquid cooling rack.
4) Stress removal and shape correction:
a) the technological parameters are as follows: the stress removing temperature of the splitter plate is 280 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2h, the splitter plate is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace, the stress removing temperature of the frame is 150 ℃, the temperature is kept for 4h, and the splitter plate is cooled along with the furnace;
b) shape correction: the shunt plate can be aligned on the platform and knocked by a hammer, the alignment of the frame does not allow knocking by the hammer, and a manual press or a manual jack is preferably adopted, so that welding seams and surfaces cannot be damaged.
5) Heat treatment for strengthening
a) Cleaning a cold plate before heat treatment, and removing excess;
b) the solid solution treatment adopts a vacuum gas quenching process, a vacuum gas quenching furnace is selected, and the vacuum gas quenching furnace is provided with a nitrogen cooling system;
c) within 2h after the solution treatment, finishing manual or machine leveling, wherein the planeness is required to be less than or equal to 0.1mm in any area of 100mm multiplied by 100 mm;
d) after aging treatment, the Brinell hardness is checked, and the Brinell hardness of the 6063 aluminum alloy cold plate reaches 50 HBS.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, so that any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A liquid cooling rack comprises a drainage plate and a guide plate and is characterized by also comprising a water cooling plate arranged between the drainage plate and the guide plate; the middle positions of the inner sides of the drainage plate and the guide plate are respectively provided with a first groove for mounting a water cooling plate; both sides of the water cooling plate are embedded in the grooves; the water-cooling plate comprises a water-cooling cover plate and a water-cooling base plate positioned at the bottom of the water-cooling cover plate;
at least one first tenon is arranged in each groove, first mortises corresponding to the tenons are arranged on two sides of the water cooling plate, and the first tenons are embedded in the corresponding first mortises; a second tenon is arranged in the second tenon groove, a second tenon groove is arranged in the first tenon, and the second tenon is embedded in the second tenon groove;
a runner inlet vertical to the drainage plate penetrates through the second tenon and is coaxial with the second tenon; the flow channel sequentially passes through the water-cooling base plate and is communicated to the flow channel outlet of the guide plate.
2. A liquid-cooled frame as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water-cooled plate and the flow-directing plate are parallel.
3. A liquid-cooled machine frame according to claim 2, wherein each groove has at least one tenon, and the two sides of the water-cooled plate have corresponding mortises, the tenons being embedded in the corresponding mortises.
4. A liquid cooled rack as claimed in claim 1, wherein said flow diverter plate and said flow diverter plate are further mounted to said top plate; the roof is located the top of drainage plate and guide plate, and roof bottom, drainage plate top and guide plate top all are equipped with the locating hole, and the roof passes through locating pin and drainage plate and guide plate fixed connection.
5. A method for welding a liquid-cooled rack frame, which is used for welding the liquid-cooled rack frame as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, trial assembly is carried out, and the gap of a sealing welding line is ensured to be smaller than 0.1mm, and other welding lines are ensured to be smaller than 0.2 mm;
step 2, cleaning, namely removing oxides at joints by a chemical cleaning method; polishing the local joint by an austenite steel wire brush before welding; then absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone is used for cleaning the joint part;
step 3, assembling, namely assembling through a 304 stainless steel clamp;
step 4, welding, namely splicing a cold plate by adopting electron beam welding, designing a reinforcing tenon, and connecting the reinforcing tenon and the cold plate by using screws;
and 5, removing stress, correcting shape and finally performing heat treatment strengthening.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the de-stressing and sizing is as follows: the stress removing temperature of the splitter plate is 280 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2h, the splitter plate is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace, the stress removing temperature of the frame is 150-160 ℃, the temperature is kept for 4h, and the splitter plate is cooled along with the furnace.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the heat treatment for strengthening is as follows: cleaning a cold plate before heat treatment, and removing excess; the solid solution treatment adopts a vacuum gas quenching process, and a vacuum gas quenching furnace with a nitrogen cooling system is selected; within 2h after the solution treatment, leveling by hand or a machine, wherein the flatness is required to be less than or equal to 0.1mm in any area of 100mm multiplied by 100 mm; after aging treatment, checking the Brinell hardness, and requiring: the Brinell hardness of the 6061 aluminum alloy cold plate reaches 64 HBS-75 HBS, and the Brinell hardness of the 6063 aluminum alloy cold plate reaches 50 HBS-60 HBS.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN202111114927.4A CN113692205A (en) | 2021-09-23 | 2021-09-23 | Liquid cooling machine frame and welding method thereof |
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CN202111114927.4A CN113692205A (en) | 2021-09-23 | 2021-09-23 | Liquid cooling machine frame and welding method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114101887A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-03-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所 | Electron beam welding plugging method for dissimilar system aluminum alloy of phase change cold plate |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104148820A (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2014-11-19 | 成都四威高科技产业园有限公司 | Intercommunication liquid-cooled rack welding joint and manufacturing method thereof |
CN106102421A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2016-11-09 | 成都四威高科技产业园有限公司 | A kind of aluminum Liquid cooling chasis structure and preparation method |
CN215872522U (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2022-02-18 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Liquid cooling machine frame |
-
2021
- 2021-09-23 CN CN202111114927.4A patent/CN113692205A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104148820A (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2014-11-19 | 成都四威高科技产业园有限公司 | Intercommunication liquid-cooled rack welding joint and manufacturing method thereof |
CN106102421A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2016-11-09 | 成都四威高科技产业园有限公司 | A kind of aluminum Liquid cooling chasis structure and preparation method |
CN215872522U (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2022-02-18 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Liquid cooling machine frame |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114101887A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-03-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所 | Electron beam welding plugging method for dissimilar system aluminum alloy of phase change cold plate |
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