CN113691130A - Front and back edge phase-cut automatic switching voltage-regulating switch circuit - Google Patents
Front and back edge phase-cut automatic switching voltage-regulating switch circuit Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
- H02J13/00036—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers
- H02J13/0004—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers involved in a protection system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
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Abstract
The invention provides a front-back edge phase-cut automatic switching voltage-regulating switch circuit. The device comprises a voltage detection circuit, a power supply circuit, a single chip microcomputer, a control and mos tube driving circuit, a current sampling and detection circuit, a mos tube and the like. The single chip microcomputer detects the magnitude and the phase position of voltage between the load line and the live wire through the detection circuit, and then controls the conduction and the closing time of the mos tube by taking the magnitude and the phase position as reference, so that the load voltage is controlled, and the purpose of voltage regulation is achieved. The control mode of the mos tube after power-on is the trailing edge phase-cutting under the default condition, and when the single chip microcomputer detects that the load is an inductive load with certain power through the detection circuit, the control mode of the mos tube can be automatically switched to the leading edge phase-cutting control mode, so that the optimal control mode can be selected according to the load characteristics.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of switch circuits, in particular to a front-back edge phase-cut automatic switching voltage-regulating switch circuit.
Background
At present, the voltage regulation (the main purpose of voltage regulation is dimming and speed regulation, and the following switches are commonly called as dimming switches) on the market mainly comprises the following switches:
(1)3 line type electronic switch that adjusts luminance, the mode of connection: live wire, load wire, zero line.
The dimming switch can conveniently and accurately detect the phase of the mains supply, is not influenced by the connected load, and is complex in wiring.
(2) The one is 2 line type leading edge phase-cut silicon controlled electronic light-adjusting switch, the wiring mode: live line, load line.
In such a dimming switch, since the thyristor is a zero-current turn-off device, there are several problems: (a) when an inductive load or a capacitive load is connected, because the phases of voltage and current are different, the dimming range may be narrowed, and the problem of load lamp flickering may also occur; (b) equivalent L, C devices (such as LC filter components of a load) in the loop oscillate with the thyristor and a control circuit thereof, which causes the thyristor to be heated and burned out or a load lamp to flicker.
(3) Another 2 line type leading edge phase-cut or trailing edge phase-cut MOS pipe dimmer switch, the mode of connection: live line, load line.
The front edge phase-cut mos tube dimming switch is suitable for inductive loads and resistive loads, if the capacitive loads are connected, the capacitive loads generate large current due to sudden voltage change at the moment when the mos tubes are connected, large emi interference can be generated, and the mos tubes are easy to damage.
The rear-edge phase-cut mos tube dimming switch is suitable for capacitive loads and resistive loads, if inductive loads are connected, the inductive loads generate high voltage due to current mutation at the moment when the mos tubes are turned off, and if overvoltage protection is not provided in a circuit, devices such as the mos tubes and the like are easily damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a front-back edge phase-cut automatic switching voltage-regulating switch circuit, which is used for solving the problem.
A front and rear edge phase-cut automatic switching voltage-regulating switch circuit, comprising:
a power supply circuit: the voltage converter is used for converting the voltage between the live wire and the load wire into low voltage and taking the low voltage as the working voltage of the singlechip and the control circuit;
a voltage detection circuit: the voltage detection circuit is connected with the rectified live wire and the rectified load wire, detects voltage information between the live wire and the load wire, transmits the voltage information to the single chip microcomputer to judge load characteristics, and determines a mos tube control mode according to the load characteristics; wherein
The single chip microcomputer can judge the load characteristics under certain conditions and select a proper mos tube control mode according to the load characteristics; wherein the load characteristics include inductive load, capacitive load, and resistive load; wherein,
the voltage information comprises a voltage magnitude and a voltage phase; the load characteristics comprise inductive load, capacitive load and resistive load;
the control circuit: the device is used for controlling the conduction time of the mos tube through the ad conversion of the single chip microcomputer;
MOS pipe drive circuit: the MOS tube is controlled to be opened or closed through the high level/low level of the single chip microcomputer;
the current sampling detection circuit: the single chip microcomputer is connected with the control circuit and judges whether the load is overloaded or not;
a single chip microcomputer: and the current sampling detection circuit and the mos tube driving circuit are connected and used for controlling the magnitude and phase detection of input voltage, and carrying out current overload detection, knob control detection and mos tube on-off control.
Preferably: the mos tube comprises a first compositional structure and a second compositional structure;
when in the first composition configuration comprises: a first mos tube and a second mos tube; wherein,
the drain electrode of the first mos tube is electrically connected with a live wire;
and the drain electrode of the second mos tube is electrically connected with the load line.
When in the second configuration comprises:
a power bridge stack and a first mos tube; wherein,
two output ends of the power bridge stack are electrically connected with the live wire and the load wire respectively;
and a first output end of the power bridge stack is grounded, and a second output end of the power bridge stack is electrically connected with the voltage detection circuit and the drain electrode of the first mos tube.
Preferably: the power supply circuit consists of a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a first triode, a first voltage stabilizing diode, a second triode, a fourth resistor, a first capacitor, a voltage stabilizing chip and a second capacitor; wherein,
the first resistor is respectively and electrically connected with a second resistor and a collector electrode of the first triode, the second resistor is electrically connected with a base electrode of the first triode through a third resistor, and an emitting electrode of the first triode outputs anti-saturation direct current bias current;
the collector electrode of the second triode is electrically connected with the base electrode of the first triode, and the base electrode of the second triode is electrically connected with the emitter electrode of the first triode and is connected with the fourth resistor;
the fourth resistor is connected with the input end of the voltage stabilizing chip, and the output end of the voltage stabilizing chip outputs stable direct current and is grounded through a second capacitor;
and the emitter of the second triode and the fourth resistor are grounded through a first capacitor.
Preferably: the voltage detection circuit consists of a first diode, a second diode, a twentieth resistor, a twenty-third resistor, a twenty-fourth resistor, a second voltage stabilizing diode, a nineteenth resistor and a fifth capacitor; wherein,
the first diode is arranged on the live wire;
the second diode is arranged on the load line;
the cathode of the first diode is electrically connected with the cathode of the second diode;
the negative electrode of the second diode is electrically connected with the twentieth resistor, the twenty-third resistor, the twenty-fourth resistor and the nineteenth resistor in sequence, and the nineteenth resistor is grounded;
and the twenty-third resistor and the twenty-fourth resistor are connected with a second voltage stabilizing diode, and the second voltage stabilizing diode is grounded.
Preferably: the control circuit comprises a potentiometer and a twenty-first resistor; wherein,
the first leading-out end of the potentiometer is connected to a live wire power supply;
the first leading-out end of the potentiometer is also used for the electric connection of the voltage detection circuit;
the second leading-out end of the potentiometer is electrically connected with the AD conversion end of the single chip microcomputer through a twenty-first resistor;
and the third leading-out end of the potentiometer is used for grounding.
Preferably: the mos tube driving circuit consists of a thirteenth resistor, a fourteenth resistor, a fifteenth resistor, a sixteenth resistor, a seventeenth resistor, the sixteenth resistor, an eighteenth resistor, an eleventh capacitor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a third triode, a third capacitor, a tenth resistor, an eleventh resistor, a twelfth resistor, a fourth triode and a fourth capacitor; wherein,
the fifth resistor is electrically connected with the source electrode of the first mos tube and grounded, and the fifth resistor is used for current sampling;
the source electrode of the first mos tube is also electrically connected with the emitter electrode of the third triode and is electrically connected with the base electrode of the third triode through the third electrode;
the base electrode of the third triode is electrically connected with the eighth resistor and the ninth resistor through the seventh resistor;
the eighth resistor is also electrically connected with the collector of the third triode.
Preferably: the front-rear delay phase-switching voltage-regulating switch circuit further comprises the following execution modes:
when the power supply circuit is powered on, the trailing edge is defaulted to be phase-cut;
detecting the power supply circuit after being electrified through the voltage detection circuit, and judging the load characteristic;
when there is an inductive load, the leading edge phase cut is automatically switched.
Preferably: the power supply circuit is also used for being connected with an intelligent power grid, acquiring and monitoring the load voltage of the power supply circuit through the intelligent power grid, and judging whether load abnormity exists or not.
Preferably: the step of judging whether the load abnormity exists or not comprises the following steps:
acquiring circuit load data according to the power supply circuit;
building a load curve according to the circuit load data; wherein,
the load curves comprise a daily load curve, a weekly load curve, a monthly load curve and an annual load curve;
acquiring a load index according to the load curve and carrying out clustering calculation;
obtaining a clustering calculation result, and classifying load curves;
respectively calculating the characteristics of each classified load curve, performing outlier calculation, and determining outliers;
and carrying out abnormal voltage detection by substituting the outliers into a limit learning algorithm, and determining whether voltage abnormality occurs.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention defaults to adopt a mos tube rear edge phase cutting control mode, after the equipment is electrified, whether the load is inductive or not is detected through a circuit, and if the load is inductive load with a certain power, the control mode is automatically changed into front edge phase cutting. Namely, the adaptive control mode is automatically selected according to the load condition. The wiring mode is that the live wire L and the load wire A do not need a zero line. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the present invention is load adaptive for both trailing edge and leading edge phase-cut waveforms of mains CH1 and load CH2 measured by an oscilloscope, while supporting inductive, capacitive and resistive loads. The adjustable speed lamp can support most of adjustable light lamps in the market and can also be used for speed regulation of fans or other motor products with certain power. The invention does not need special overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuits, thus reducing the cost, and having simple circuit and high reliability. The intelligent power grid load monitoring system is also used for being connected with the intelligent power grid, and whether the load is abnormal or not can be judged through the intelligent power grid.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of a front-back edge phase-cut automatic switching voltage-regulating switch circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a first schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of a front-to-back edge phase-cut automatic switching regulator circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a second schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of a front-to-back edge phase-cut automatic switching regulator circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a rear edge phase-cut diagram of an embodiment of a front and rear edge phase-cut automatic switching voltage-regulating switch circuit according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a front edge phase-cut diagram of a front-back edge phase-cut automatic switching voltage-regulating switch circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
As shown in fig. 1, a front-back edge phase-cut automatic switching voltage-regulating switch circuit includes:
a power supply circuit: the voltage converter is used for converting the voltage between the live wire and the load wire into low voltage and taking the low voltage as the working voltage of the singlechip and the control circuit;
a voltage detection circuit: the voltage detection circuit is connected with the rectified live wire and the rectified load wire, detects voltage information between the live wire and the load wire, transmits the voltage information to the single chip microcomputer to judge load characteristics, and determines a mos tube control mode according to the load characteristics; wherein
The single chip microcomputer can judge the load characteristics under certain conditions and select a proper mos tube control mode according to the load characteristics; wherein the load characteristics include inductive load, capacitive load, and resistive load; wherein,
the voltage information comprises a voltage magnitude and a voltage phase; the load characteristics comprise inductive load, capacitive load and resistive load;
the control circuit: the device is used for controlling the conduction time of the mos tube through the ad conversion of the single chip microcomputer;
MOS pipe drive circuit: the MOS tube is controlled to be opened or closed through the high level/low level of the single chip microcomputer;
the current sampling detection circuit: the single chip microcomputer is connected with the control circuit and judges whether the load is overloaded or not;
a single chip microcomputer: and the current sampling detection circuit and the mos tube driving circuit are connected and used for controlling the magnitude and phase detection of input voltage, and carrying out current overload detection, knob control detection and mos tube on-off control.
The principle of the technical scheme is as follows: and after power-on, the default is back edge phase cutting, if the load is detected to be an inductive load, the phase is automatically switched to front edge phase cutting, and the load is self-adaptive. The voltage waveform of the load after power-on is roughly as shown in fig. 4 (CH 2), the conduction angle of the mos tube just after power-on is relatively small, and the voltage across the load (the voltage between the A end and the zero line) is relatively small. If the load is a resistive load at the moment, as shown in a graph (4), the load voltage is directly zero after the mos tube is turned off, the voltage between the A end and the L end is close to the mains supply voltage, and the pin 1 of the single chip microcomputer is at a high level within a period of time after the mos tube is turned off; if the load connected at the moment is an inductive load with certain power, at the moment after the mos tube is turned off, due to sudden change of inductive load current, a large inductive voltage is generated at two ends of the load and is superposed with the mains voltage and applied between the load line and the live wire, and at the moment, the voltage between the load line and the live wire has an oscillating change process, so that the pin of the single chip microcomputer 1 can detect level change from high to low to high within a period of time after the mos tube is turned off, the connected load can be judged to be the inductive load, and then the control mode is changed into front edge phase switching.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: the invention defaults to adopt a mos tube rear edge phase cutting control mode, after the equipment is electrified, whether the load is inductive or not is detected through a circuit, and if the load is inductive load with a certain power, the control mode is automatically changed into front edge phase cutting. Namely, the adaptive control mode is automatically selected according to the load condition. The wiring mode is that the live wire L and the load wire A do not need a zero line. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the present invention is load adaptive for both trailing edge and leading edge phase-cut waveforms of mains CH1 and load CH2 measured by an oscilloscope, while supporting inductive, capacitive and resistive loads. The adjustable speed lamp can support most of adjustable light lamps in the market and can also be used for speed regulation of fans or other motor products with certain power. The invention does not need special overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuits, thus reducing the cost, and having simple circuit and high reliability. The intelligent power grid load monitoring system is also used for being connected with the intelligent power grid, and whether the load is abnormal or not can be judged through the intelligent power grid.
Preferably: the mos tube comprises a first compositional structure and a second compositional structure;
when in the first composition configuration comprises: a first mos tube and a second mos tube; wherein,
the drain electrode of the first mos tube U3 is electrically connected with a live wire;
the drain electrode of the second mos tube U2 is electrically connected with the load line.
When in the second configuration comprises:
a power bridge stack BR1 and a first mos tube; wherein,
two output ends of the power bridge reactor BR1 are electrically connected with the live wire and the load wire respectively;
the first output end of the power bridge stack BR1 is grounded, and the second output end thereof is electrically connected with the voltage detection circuit and the drain electrode of the first mos tube U3.
As a second composition structure of the invention, as shown in FIG. 3, the basic principle is almost the same as that of the second composition structure which is slightly changed from FIG. 2, and a double mos tube is changed into a mos tube and a power bridge reactor BR 1. The bridge stacks are slightly less costly than mos tubes, but occupy a slightly larger volume.
Preferably: the power supply circuit consists of a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a first triode Q1, a first voltage-stabilizing diode Z1, a second triode Q2, a fourth resistor R4, a first capacitor C1, a voltage-stabilizing chip U1 and a second capacitor C2; wherein,
the first resistor R1 is respectively electrically connected with a second resistor R2 and the collector of a first triode Q1, the second resistor R2 is electrically connected with the base of the first triode Q1 through a third resistor R3, and the emitter of the first triode Q1 outputs a saturation-proof direct current bias current;
the collector of the second triode Q2 is electrically connected with the base of the first triode Q1, the base of the second triode Q2 is electrically connected with the emitter of the first triode Q1 and is connected with the fourth resistor R4;
the fourth resistor R4 is connected with the input end of the voltage stabilizing chip U1, and the output end of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 outputs stable direct current and is grounded through a second capacitor C2;
the emitter of the second transistor Q2 and the fourth resistor R4 are grounded through a first capacitor C1.
The principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the "power supply circuit" corresponds to R1, R2, R3, Q1, Z1, Q2, R4, C1, U1, and C2 in fig. 2. Wherein R1, R2 and R3 provide a saturation-proof DC bias for Q1, and Z1 clamps the base and collector of Q1 at a certain voltage. Q2 and R4 provide transient overcurrent protection. The U1 voltage stabilization output 5v is suitable for a singlechip and a control circuit.
Preferably: the voltage detection circuit consists of a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a twentieth resistor R20, a twenty-third resistor R23, a twenty-fourth resistor R24, a second voltage-stabilizing diode Z2, a nineteenth resistor R19 and a fifth capacitor C5; wherein,
the first diode D1 is disposed on the live wire;
the second diode D2 is disposed on the load line;
the cathode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected with the cathode of the second diode D2;
the cathode of the second diode D2 is electrically connected to the twentieth resistor R20, the twenty-third resistor R23, the twenty-fourth resistor R24 and the nineteenth resistor R19 in sequence, and the nineteenth resistor R19 is grounded;
the twenty-third resistor R23 and the twenty-fourth resistor R24 are connected with a second voltage stabilizing diode Z2, and the second voltage stabilizing diode Z2 is grounded.
The principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: when a switch on a potentiometer VR1 (a potentiometer with a switch) is closed, cathodes of D1 and D2 are close to a mains voltage mos tube and are closed, the voltage is divided and detected by a pin U41 of the single chip microcomputer, the single chip microcomputer accurately controls the on-off time of the mos tube in each half mains voltage period according to the mains voltage phase detected by the pin 1 as a reference, and therefore the purpose of adjusting the load voltage is achieved.
Preferably:
preferably: the control circuit comprises a potentiometer and a twenty-first resistor R21; wherein,
the first terminal of the potentiometer VR1 is connected to a live power supply;
(the first terminal of) the potentiometer VR1 is also used for the voltage detection circuit to electrically connect;
the potentiometer VR1 (a second leading-out end is used for being electrically connected with an AD conversion end of the single chip microcomputer through a twenty-first resistor;
and the third leading-out end of the potentiometer is used for grounding.
The principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: v1 is the potentiometre of taking the switch, and the switch can turn off live wire input, and the partial pressure value that the potentiometre provided is obtained through inside ad conversion by singlechip 7 foot, controls mos pipe's on-time according to the voltage size that the ad conversion obtained to control load voltage.
Preferably: the mos tube driving circuit is composed of a thirteenth resistor R13, a fourteenth resistor R14, a fifteenth resistor R15, a sixteenth resistor R16, a seventeenth resistor R17, an eighteenth resistor R18, a twenty-second resistor R22, a twenty-fifth resistor R25, a tenth capacitor C10, an eleventh capacitor C11 and a twelfth capacitor C12; wherein,
one end of the thirteenth resistor R13 is electrically connected with the level control end of the single chip, and the other end of the thirteenth resistor R13 is electrically connected with the fifteenth resistor R15 and the input end of the driver U5;
the other end of the fifteenth resistor R15 is electrically connected with the seventeenth resistor R17 and the output end of a driver U5;
the seventeenth resistor R17 is electrically connected with the sixteenth resistor R16, the eighteenth resistor R18 and the eleventh capacitor C11;
the fourteenth resistor R14 is grounded through a tenth capacitor C10;
the eighteenth resistor R18 is grounded through a twelfth resistor.
The principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: r13, R14, R15, R16, R17, R18, R22, R25, C10, C11 and C12 are mos tube driving circuits, and the driving circuits have two advantages that firstly, certain current consumption is only generated at the moment of level change of a pin 5 of the single chip microcomputer, the current consumption is close to zero at other times, and the requirements on a power supply circuit are reduced; firstly, the rising and falling time of the mos tube driving grid voltage can be finely adjusted to optimize and adjust emi interference, so that over-authentication is facilitated. The specific working process of the mos tube driving circuit is as follows: when the 5-pin of the singlechip outputs high level, current passes through B1E1 of R13 and U5, and the 6-pin VDD of U5 passes through C1E1, R17 and the like to charge C10, C11 and C12, after a short time, the voltage on C10, C11 and C12 reaches a voltage close to 5v, the power consumption current of a driving circuit is close to zero, and one mos tube is opened; when the pin 5 of the singlechip outputs low level, the capacitors C10, C11 and C12 discharge instantly mainly through B2E2 of U5, and the mos tube is closed. By properly adjusting R14, R17 and C10, the rising and falling time of the mos transistor gate level can be finely adjusted, and emi interference can be properly optimized. C9 provides a path for harmonics to reduce emi interference caused by mos switches. R26 is used for limiting current and limiting discharge current of C9 at the conduction moment of the mos tube.
Preferably: the current sampling circuit is composed of a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, a third triode Q3, a third capacitor C3, a tenth resistor R10, an eleventh resistor R11, a twelfth resistor R12, a fourth triode Q4 and a fourth capacitor C4; wherein,
the fifth resistor R5 is electrically connected with the source electrode of the first mos tube U3 and is grounded, and the fifth resistor R5 is used for current sampling;
the source electrode of the first mos U3 is also electrically connected with the emitter electrode of a third triode Q3 and is electrically connected with the base electrode of a third triode Q3 through a third capacitor C3;
the base electrode of the third triode Q3 is electrically connected with the eighth resistor R8 and the ninth resistor R9 through a seventh resistor R7;
the eighth resistor R8 is also electrically connected to the collector of the third transistor Q3.
R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, Q3, C3, R10, R11, R12, Q4, C4. Wherein R5 is load current sampling resistor, and in normal load working range, the current is less, and the voltage on R5 is also less, and singlechip 6 foot is close to direct current voltage. When the forward voltage of R5 is larger than a certain value, the Q4 amplification can cause the level change interruption of the falling edge (or rising edge) of the pin 6 of the singlechip, and the singlechip can determine overload; when the negative voltage of the R5 is larger than a certain value, the Q3 amplification can cause the level change interruption of the falling edge (or rising edge) of the pin 6 of the single chip microcomputer, and the single chip microcomputer can determine overload. And once the single chip microcomputer determines overload, the mos tube is immediately closed.
Preferably: the front-rear delay phase-switching voltage-regulating switch circuit further comprises the following execution modes:
when the power supply circuit is powered on, the trailing edge is defaulted to be phase-cut;
detecting the power supply circuit after being electrified through the voltage detection circuit, and judging the load characteristic;
when an inductive load exists, the front edge phase switching is automatically switched;
when resistive load is present, the mos tube is turned off.
The principle and the beneficial effect of the technical scheme are that the default is the back edge phase cutting after the power is on, if the load is detected to be an inductive load, the front edge phase cutting is automatically switched, and the load is self-adaptive. The present invention is applicable to various scenarios. When different loads exist, automatic switching is realized by changing the mos tube, and the device is convenient and fast.
Preferably: the power supply circuit is also used for being connected with an intelligent power grid, acquiring and monitoring the load voltage of the power supply circuit through the intelligent power grid, and judging whether load abnormity exists or not.
The principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the power supply circuit is also connected with a smart power grid, and through the smart power grid, the real-time monitoring of circuit load circuit data and voltage data can be realized, and the abnormal monitoring of the load can be realized through the smart power grid.
Preferably: the step of judging whether the load abnormity exists or not comprises the following steps:
acquiring circuit load data according to the power supply circuit;
building a load curve according to the circuit load data; wherein,
the load curves comprise a daily load curve, a weekly load curve, a monthly load curve and an annual load curve;
acquiring a load index according to the load curve and carrying out clustering calculation;
obtaining a clustering calculation result, and classifying load curves;
respectively calculating the characteristics of each classified load curve, performing outlier calculation, and determining outliers;
and carrying out abnormal voltage detection by substituting the outliers into a limit learning algorithm, and determining whether voltage abnormality occurs.
The principle of the technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a method for judging whether a circuit load is abnormal or not through an intelligent power grid. The load curve classification method also can calculate the characteristics of the load curve after classifying the load curve, and then determines the outlier through outlier calculation, wherein the outlier is data which does not accord with most load curves, the abnormal load data can be screened out by substituting the outlier into extreme learning (machine learning algorithm), and in the extreme learning process, the extreme learning mode is through a model which is obtained by training a universal extreme learning model based on the universal extreme learning model and circuit load data. The invention can judge whether the load is abnormal or not based on the real-time load data. Compared with the prior art that each load device is independently monitored to judge whether load abnormity occurs or not, the invention can carry out integral load monitoring on the front and rear edge phase-cut automatic loop-connected voltage regulating switch circuit.
In one embodiment, the clustering calculation of the present invention comprises the following steps:
step 1: taking the load curve as sample data, establishing a sample data set: y ═ Y1，y2，y3……yi(ii) a i belongs to N, N is a positive integer, and N represents the total amount of sample data;
step 2: and judging the distance between different sample data according to the sample data set:
wherein, D (i, j) represents the distance between the curve characteristic of the load curve corresponding to the ith sample data and the curve characteristic of the load curve corresponding to the jth sample data; y isiThe curve characteristic of the load curve corresponding to the ith sample data is represented; y isjThe curve characteristic of the load curve corresponding to the jth sample data is represented;
and step 3: according to the clustering among the sample data, clustering calculation is carried out through the following formula, and a clustering value is determined:
wherein j (i) represents a cluster value of a load curve corresponding to the ith sample data; j (i) is epsilon [ 0-1 ].
In the above embodiment, the present invention performs clustering calculation on each load curve based on a clustering algorithm, and each load curve is limited between [ 0-1 ], in this process, step 2 of the present invention calculates the distance between the load curve corresponding to each sample data and other load curves, and this distance has the effect of determining the correlation between each load curve and other load curves, because all load curves are load data, when the correlations between the data and most other circuit load curves are higher or directly equal, it indicates that the load curve is normal. The method mainly reflects the correlation, and can realize the clustering of each sample data according to the correlation and the clustering calculation, and the fuzzy clustering method can judge which type each sample belongs to, limit the data between [ 0-1 ], and can perform the outlier calculation more simply.
In one embodiment, the outlier calculation comprises the steps of:
step S1: acquiring a clustering value corresponding to each load curve, and establishing positive power distribution based on the clustering values:
wherein μ represents the mean value of the aggregation values; σ represents the standard deviation of the clustering values; x is the number ofiRepresenting the clustering value of the load curve corresponding to the ith sample data;
step S2: monitoring according to the normal distribution by the following formula, and judging whether the clustering value has an outlier or not:
step S3: when an outlier exists, calculating a characteristic parameter of the outlier by the following formula:
L＝[(1-γ)∏f(xi)][γ∏f(xi)]
wherein γ represents an outlier;
step S4: and according to the characteristic parameters of the outliers, performing extreme learning algorithm calculation through the following formula:
wherein, N (x)iL) represents a neighborhood function representing the cluster value of the load curve corresponding to the ith sample data relative to a neighborhood set of outliers; w1 (x)iL) represents a local voltage monitoring parameter of a cluster value of a load curve corresponding to the ith sample data relative to an outlier; w2 (x)iL) represents the global voltage monitoring parameter of the clustering value of the load curve corresponding to the ith sample data relative to the outlier; when W1 (x)iAnd when L) < 1, the local load abnormality is shown; w2 (x)iAnd L) when the load is smaller than the preset parameter, setting the parameter according to the actual condition to show that the load is wholly abnormal;
in the technical scheme, step 1 of the invention is to realize positive space distribution, and after positive space distribution, the invention judges whether an outlier exists or not by measuring and calculating the outlier through a clustering value, and when the outlier exists, the outlier represents a load curve with the largest degree of difference; however, if a large number of outliers and load curves are calculated to be very close to each other, a global anomaly is indicated, and many load devices are in an abnormal state.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a front and back edge phase-cut automatic switch-over voltage regulating switch circuit which characterized in that includes:
a power supply circuit: the voltage converter is used for converting the voltage between the live wire and the load wire into low voltage and taking the low voltage as the working voltage of the singlechip and the control circuit;
a voltage detection circuit: the voltage detection circuit is connected with the rectified live wire and the rectified load wire, detects voltage information between the live wire and the load wire, transmits the voltage information to the single chip microcomputer to judge load characteristics, and determines a mos tube control mode according to the load characteristics; wherein
The single chip microcomputer can judge the load characteristics under certain conditions and select a proper mos tube control mode according to the load characteristics; wherein the load characteristics include inductive load, capacitive load, and resistive load; wherein,
the voltage information comprises a voltage magnitude and a voltage phase; the load characteristics comprise inductive load, capacitive load and resistive load;
the control circuit: the device is used for controlling the conduction time of the mos tube through the ad conversion of the single chip microcomputer;
MOS pipe drive circuit: the MOS tube is controlled to be opened or closed through the high level/low level of the single chip microcomputer;
the current sampling detection circuit: the single chip microcomputer is connected with the control circuit and judges whether the load is overloaded or not;
a single chip microcomputer: and the current sampling detection circuit and the mos tube driving circuit are connected and used for controlling the magnitude and phase detection of input voltage, and carrying out current overload detection, knob control detection and mos tube on-off control.
2. The front-to-back edge phase-cut automatic switching regulator circuit according to claim 1, wherein said mos transistor comprises a first component structure and a second component structure;
when in the first composition configuration comprises: a first mos tube and a second mos tube; wherein,
the drain of the first mos tube (U3) is electrically connected to a hot line;
the drain of the second mos tube (U2) is electrically connected to a load line.
When in the second configuration comprises:
a power bridge stack (BR1) and a first mos tube; wherein,
two output ends of the power bridge stack (BR1) are electrically connected with the live wire and the load wire respectively;
the first output end of the power bridge stack (BR1) is grounded, and the second output end of the power bridge stack is electrically connected with the voltage detection circuit and the drain electrode of the first mos tube (U3).
3. The switching circuit for automatically switching and regulating voltage according to claim 1, wherein the power supply circuit comprises a first resistor (R1), a second resistor (R2), a third resistor (R3), a first triode (Q1), a first zener diode (Z1), a second triode (Q2), a fourth resistor (R4), a first capacitor (C1), a transformer chip (U1) and a second capacitor (C2); wherein,
the first resistor (R1) is respectively and electrically connected with a second resistor (R2) and the collector of a first triode (Q1), the second resistor (R2) is electrically connected with the base of the first triode (Q1) through a third resistor (R3), and the emitter of the first triode (Q1) outputs a saturation-proof direct current bias current;
the collector of the second triode (Q2) is electrically connected with the base of the first triode (Q1), the base of the second triode (Q2) is electrically connected with the emitter of the first triode (Q1), and the fourth resistor (R4) is connected;
the fourth resistor (R4) is connected with the input end of the voltage stabilizing chip (U1), and the output end of the voltage stabilizing chip (U1) outputs stable direct current and is grounded through a second electric capacitor (C2);
the emitter of the second triode (Q2) and the fourth resistor (R4) are grounded through a first capacitor (C1).
4. The switching circuit for automatically switching and regulating the voltage according to claim 1, wherein the voltage detection circuit is composed of a first diode (D1), a second diode (D2), a twentieth resistor (R20), a twenty-third resistor (R23), a twenty-fourth resistor (R24), a second zener diode (Z2), a nineteenth resistor (R19) and a fifth capacitor (C5); wherein,
the first diode (D1) is disposed on the live wire;
the second diode (D2) is disposed on the load line;
a cathode of the first diode (D1) and a cathode of a second diode (D2) are electrically connected;
the cathode of the second diode (D2) is electrically connected with the twentieth resistor (R20), the twenty-third resistor (R23), the twenty-fourth resistor (R24) and the nineteenth resistor (R19) in sequence, and the nineteenth resistor (R19) is grounded;
and the twenty-third resistor (R23) and the twenty-fourth resistor (R24) are connected with a second zener diode (Z2), and the second zener diode (Z2) is grounded.
5. The automatic switching voltage-regulating switch circuit for front and back edge phase-cut according to claim 1, wherein said control circuit comprises a potentiometer (V1) and a twenty-first resistor (R21); wherein,
the first lead-out end of the potentiometer (V1) is connected to a live wire power supply;
the first leading-out end of the potentiometer (V1) is also used for being connected with the voltage detection circuit;
a second leading-out end of the potentiometer (V1) is electrically connected with an AD conversion end of the single chip microcomputer (U4) through a twenty-first resistor (21);
the third terminal of the potentiometer (V1) is used for grounding.
6. The switching circuit for automatically switching between the front phase and the back phase as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mos transistor driving circuit comprises a thirteenth resistor (R13), a fourteenth resistor (R14), a fifteenth resistor (R15), a sixteenth resistor (R16), a seventeenth resistor (R17), an eighteenth resistor (R18), a twenty-second resistor (R22), a twenty-fifth resistor (R25), a tenth capacitor (C10), an eleventh capacitor (C11) and a twelfth capacitor (C12); wherein,
one end of the thirteenth resistor (R13) is electrically connected with the level control end of the single chip, and the other end of the thirteenth resistor (R13) is electrically connected with the fifteenth resistor (R15) and the input end of the driver (U5);
the other end of the fifteenth resistor (R15) is electrically connected with the seventeenth resistor (R17) and the output end of a driver (U5);
the seventeenth resistor (R17) is electrically connected with the sixteenth resistor (R16), the eighteenth resistor (R18) and the eleventh capacitor (C11);
the fourteenth resistor (R14) is grounded through a tenth capacitor (C10);
the eighteenth resistor (R18) is connected to ground through a twelfth resistor.
7. The switching circuit for automatically switching between the front edge phase-cutting mode and the rear edge phase-cutting mode as claimed in claim 2, wherein the current sampling circuit comprises a fifth resistor (R5), a sixth resistor (R6), a seventh resistor (R7), an eighth resistor (R8), a ninth resistor (R9), a third triode (Q3), a third capacitor (C3), a tenth resistor (R10), an eleventh resistor (R11), a twelfth resistor (R12), a fourth triode (Q4) and a fourth capacitor (C4); wherein,
the fifth resistor (R5) is electrically connected with the source electrode of the first mos tube (U3) and is grounded, and the fifth resistor (R5) is used for current sampling;
the source electrode of the first mos tube (U3) is also electrically connected with the emitter electrode of a third triode (Q3) and is electrically connected with the base electrode of the third triode (Q3) through a third capacitor (C3);
the base electrode of the third triode (Q3) is electrically connected with the eighth resistor (R8) and the ninth resistor (R9) through a seventh resistor (R7);
the eighth resistor (R8) is also electrically connected to the collector of the third transistor (Q3).
8. The front-back edge phase-cut automatic switching voltage-regulating switch circuit according to claim 2, wherein the front-back edge phase-cut automatic switching voltage-regulating switch circuit further comprises the following execution modes:
when the power supply circuit is powered on, the trailing edge is defaulted to be phase-cut;
detecting the voltage between the electrified live wire and the electrified load wire through the voltage detection circuit, and judging the load characteristic;
when there is an inductive load, the leading edge phase cut is automatically switched.
9. The front-back edge phase-cut automatic switching voltage-regulating switch circuit according to claim 1, wherein the power supply circuit is further used for connecting a smart grid, collecting and monitoring the load voltage of the power supply circuit through the smart grid, and judging whether load abnormality exists.
10. The front-back edge phase-cut automatic switching voltage-regulating switch circuit as claimed in claim 9, wherein said judging whether there is a load abnormality comprises the steps of:
acquiring circuit load data according to the power supply circuit;
building a load curve according to the circuit load data; wherein,
the load curves comprise a daily load curve, a weekly load curve, a monthly load curve and an annual load curve;
acquiring a load index according to the load curve and carrying out clustering calculation;
obtaining a clustering calculation result, and classifying load curves;
respectively calculating the characteristics of each classified load curve, performing outlier calculation, and determining outliers;
and carrying out abnormal voltage detection by substituting the outliers into a limit learning algorithm, and determining whether voltage abnormality occurs.
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