CN113690978A - Battery management system - Google Patents
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- CN113690978A CN113690978A CN202110962783.1A CN202110962783A CN113690978A CN 113690978 A CN113690978 A CN 113690978A CN 202110962783 A CN202110962783 A CN 202110962783A CN 113690978 A CN113690978 A CN 113690978A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00001—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by the display of information or by user interaction, e.g. supervisory control and data acquisition systems [SCADA] or graphical user interfaces [GUI]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00002—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by monitoring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
- H02J13/00016—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
- H02J13/00028—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment involving the use of Internet protocols
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The present invention provides a battery management system for managing a battery system including a plurality of battery clusters each including a plurality of battery packs, the battery management system including: a plurality of battery cluster management systems, each configured to manage a corresponding battery cluster, wherein one of the plurality of battery cluster management systems serves as a master management system to manage the other battery clusters, and one or more battery cluster management systems other than the master management system serve as alternative master management systems.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of smart power grids, in particular to a battery management system.
Background
The micro-grid is used as a base stone in the development process of the smart grid, and a large amount of renewable energy sources (such as photovoltaic, fans, fuel cells and the like) can be accessed economically and environmentally friendly. Due to the inherent intermittent and random characteristics of new energy power generation such as wind energy, solar energy and the like, adverse effects are brought to the safe and stable operation of a power grid. The running quality can be improved by developing an energy storage technology. A reasonably efficient battery management system plays a crucial role in the life of the battery pack and the safety of the entire battery system.
The micro-grid can be operated in a grid-connected mode or an island mode so as to improve the reliability of power supply. The hierarchical control strategy is widely applied to the micro-grid, namely, the lowest layer adopts a droop control strategy, the second layer adopts automatic power generation control, and the third layer realizes economic dispatching. In the traditional method, a central controller is mostly adopted, and a centralized control method is adopted to realize the third-layer economic dispatching. The method is centralized, so that when the central controller fails, the whole system is easy to crash, and when the micro-grid expands, the control structure needs to be readjusted, so that the expandability is poor. In addition, the economic dispatching of large time scale and the automatic power generation control of small time scale cannot be seamlessly integrated, and the operation efficiency of the micro-grid is reduced.
In addition, most of the existing battery management systems are directly introduced from the battery management system of the electric automobile, and the battery management systems have the advantages of small service battery capacity, single function and poor real-time performance. The large capacity batteries in a megawatt battery system are connected in series, which puts more stringent requirements on the consistency management of the batteries. After the battery is charged and discharged for many times, the performance of the single battery is inconsistent, so that the overall performance of the battery is poor, and the service life of the battery and the SOC calculation accuracy of the battery stack are influenced. Therefore, the battery management system needs to detect the battery state in real time and upload the battery state to the energy conversion PCS system and the upper monitoring system in time, and needs to have a reasonable and efficient balancing module to alarm possible faults of the battery pack and protect the battery body.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a battery management system to solve the problem that a battery system of an existing new energy system is easy to crash due to the failure of the battery management system.
The invention also aims to provide a battery management system to solve the problem of low battery performance caused by low battery system management level of the existing new energy system.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a battery management system for managing a battery system, where the battery system includes N battery clusters, where N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1; each battery cluster comprises M battery packs, wherein M is a natural number more than or equal to 1; the battery management system includes:
the battery cluster management system comprises N battery cluster management systems, each battery cluster management system is configured to manage a corresponding battery cluster, wherein one of the N battery cluster management systems serves as a master management system to manage the battery cluster and other battery clusters, one or more battery cluster management systems except the master management system serve as alternative master management systems, and the role of the master management system can be switched among the N battery cluster management systems when the running condition changes.
Optionally, in the battery management system, the method further includes:
an energy management system configured to perform management of the entire battery system by managing the battery cluster management system;
the battery management system comprises a plurality of battery measurement units, a plurality of battery management units and a plurality of battery management units, wherein each battery measurement unit is configured to measure information of a corresponding battery pack and provide the information to a battery cluster management system corresponding to the battery cluster; and
a power conversion system configured to perform ac/dc inversion between the entire battery system and an external circuit;
the information of the battery pack comprises voltage, current, temperature, balance control information and fault information.
Optionally, in the battery management system, the battery cluster management system, as a core module of the battery cluster corresponding to the battery cluster management system, executes one or more of the following actions:
collecting information of the battery packs in the cluster;
forming cluster summary information according to the information of the battery pack, and sending the cluster summary information to a main management system and/or an energy management system; the cluster summary information comprises information of the battery pack and/or a cluster management strategy;
performing high-voltage management, charging and discharging management, environment management, balance management, fault diagnosis and enabling control on the battery pack of the cluster according to the cluster summary information and/or the overall management strategy;
and the battery cluster management system carries out battery state estimation and balance control according to the temperature, the voltage and/or the current of each battery pack of the cluster.
Optionally, in the battery management system, the summary information of the battery cluster includes key information and complete information, where:
the key information is sent to a main management system through an inter-cluster bus, and the main management system controls power access, energy management, power management and fault diagnosis of the whole battery system according to the key information of each battery cluster management system;
the complete information is sent to an energy management system through a hierarchical bus, and the energy management system collects and records the operation data of the whole battery system according to the complete information so as to manage the energy of the whole battery system;
the main management system forms an overall management strategy of the battery pack according to key information of part/all of the battery cluster management systems, or the energy management system forms the overall management strategy of the battery pack according to complete information of part/all of the battery cluster management systems;
the battery cluster summary information and/or the overall management strategy and/or the management of the battery system also comprise data configuration, remote monitoring and system upgrading.
Optionally, in the battery management system, among the battery cluster management systems, each battery cluster management system is connected to an inter-cluster bus, and data interaction is performed among the battery cluster management systems through the inter-cluster bus;
the alternative primary management system is configured to be capable of acting as a primary management system in the event of a failure or insufficient capacity of the primary management system;
each battery cluster management system transmits the acquired information of the battery pack to a main management system through an inter-cluster bus; and the main management system collects and processes the key information of the inter-cluster bus.
Optionally, in the battery management system, the master management system communicates with the energy management system through a first-level bus to transmit critical information;
the main management system and the power conversion system are communicated through a second-level bus to ensure the normal operation of the high-voltage management of the whole battery system;
the energy management system and the power conversion system are communicated through a third-level bus to meet the dispatching requirement of the station on the power or energy management of the battery system;
the battery cluster management system except the main management system communicates with the energy management system through a fourth-level bus to transmit complete information;
wherein the transmission speed of the first level bus is higher than the transmission speed of the fourth level bus.
Optionally, in the battery management system, each battery measurement unit communicates with the battery cluster management system of the cluster in which the battery measurement unit is located through CAN bus/daisy chain communication; not limited to the above communication method;
each battery cluster management system communicates through a CAN bus or an Ethercat; not limited to the above communication method;
each battery cluster management system is communicated with the energy management system through the Ethernet; not limited to the above communication method;
the main management system is communicated with the energy management system through an RS485 bus or an Ethernet, and is communicated with the power conversion system through a CAN bus; not limited to the above communication method;
the energy management system and the power conversion system communicate over an ethernet network.
Optionally, in the battery management system, based on the running state, a main management system is selected from among the battery cluster management systems through a competition rule, where the competition rule includes:
the performance calculation score is obtained by directly comparing the comprehensive weighted values of the CPU load rate and the RAM utilization rate of each battery cluster management system, the lower the CPU load rate and the RAM utilization rate, the higher the performance calculation score is, the highest performance calculation score is selected as the main management system, and the battery cluster management system with the best performance is selected as the main management system, or
Indirectly, selecting the battery cluster management system which sends the most election signals in unit time as a main management system by comparing the number of election signals sent by each battery cluster management system in unit time;
when a certain battery cluster management system is selected as a main management system, the status of the main management system in normal operation is kept unchanged until a fault occurs or the capacity is insufficient, competition is carried out again, and decentralized management and one-master-multi-standby of the battery system are realized.
Optionally, in the battery management system, when the master management system finds that the battery system has an alarm or a fault, the master management system informs the power conversion system of the current abnormal state through the CAN bus, and informs the energy management system of the current abnormal state through the RS485 bus or the ethernet; the communication method is not limited to the above.
When the battery system has power or energy demand, the energy management system realizes effective energy management on the battery system according to the state of the whole battery system, and the energy management system comprises the following steps:
when the battery cluster of the battery system has low electric quantity due to long-term shelving and has a charging requirement, the main management system sends a charging requirement signal to the energy management system, the energy management system sends a charging instruction to the power conversion system according to the running state of the battery system, and the power conversion system charges the battery system on the direct current side according to the current state of the main management system. Not restricted to the above-mentioned scenarios
Optionally, in the battery management system, the energy management system and the power conversion system communicate with each other through an ethernet, and when the site makes a scheduling demand for power or energy of the battery system, the power conversion system is designated for scheduling, including:
at the signal link level: when the station has frequency modulation or peak shaving requirements, the energy management system issues a scheduling requirement instruction to the power conversion system based on the requirements of the station, and the power conversion system responds to the requirements of the energy management system according to the current power state and the energy state of the main management system and feeds actual response data back to the energy management system;
at the power line level: the direct current at the energy storage end and the alternating current at the power grid end are subjected to energy conversion through a power conversion system.
The inventor of the present invention has found through research that the battery management system of the existing battery system includes the following modes:
for example, a distributed 3-layer management architecture is employed, including a bottom layer BMU, a middle layer BCMS, and a top layer BAMS. The bottom layer BMU comprises a voltage temperature measuring module and a power supply and discharge balancing module. The middle layer BCMS is the core of the battery management system and comprises a voltage temperature processing module, a balance control module, a relay control module, an AD acquisition module and a core parameter calculation module. The top BAMS comprises a battery information summarizing module, a system alarm information processing module, a BAMS + PCS communication module and a BAMS _ upper monitoring system communication module. The three-layer structure of the system realizes information transfer by using CAN2.0B communication protocol. The BAMS communicates with the energy conversion PCS system and the upper monitoring system by adopting a ModbusTCP protocol. The system topology adopts a real three-layer system, and the battery management system needs three types of hardware: the battery strategy system BMU, the battery cluster management system BCMS and the battery pack management unit BAMS need multiple sets of hardware systems, the complexity of system space arrangement is increased, the hardware cost is increased, the battery management unit BAMS is unique, communication is not established between the battery cluster management system BCMS, once the battery management unit BAMS fails, the whole system is down, and the online operation rate of the system is reduced.
For another example, in another system architecture, each inverter interface power supply in the microgrid is distributed with an agent to complete communication and data calculation; designing a communication topology among the agents based on an N-1 rule; the operation state of the microgrid is identified in a distributed mode; initializing an algorithm based on the identified operating state of the microgrid; acquiring reference values of the generated energy of each power supply in a distributed manner through data interaction among the agents; and issuing the generated energy reference value to a bottom-layer droop controller to realize the distributed economic automatic power generation control of the micro-grid. The essence of the system is a two-layer architecture, complete distributed control is adopted, and each intelligent agent independently controls the respective operation rotary table by acquiring the states of other intelligent agents. However, for a large-scale energy storage dc system, the battery system itself is an energy source, and in comparison, the system needs to obtain more information of the battery cluster, the system has more running state machines, and a single or several variables can ensure stable and safe running of the system, and it is difficult to perform independent control completely by each battery cluster controller, and it is not completely suitable for a new energy battery system. Therefore, the system architecture is more suitable for a power type system and is not suitable for the field of large-scale new energy battery systems.
Data from other agents are iterated through information interaction among agents of the existing battery management system to obtain the state of the current system, and then a distributed control strategy is realized, so that virtual master control is not needed to control other agents. The core of the invention is a master and a plurality of slaves, besides information interaction, the master controls the slaves and the master outputs external information.
In the battery management system provided by the invention, each battery cluster management system manages the corresponding battery cluster, and the energy management system manages the whole battery system by managing all the battery cluster management systems, so that the battery management of the battery system is realized. One battery cluster management system in the plurality of battery cluster management systems is used as a main management system, other battery clusters are managed simultaneously, and the battery cluster management systems except the main management system are used as the redundancy of the main management system, so that the hot backup of the system can be controlled on the premise of not increasing hardware;
through the transmission of the inter-cluster bus, the communication connection of the hardware level between a battery cluster management system (Rack BMS) and a main management system (Bank BMS) is omitted, the data transmission is more reliable, the system structure is simpler, and the cost is more excellent.
Each Rack BMS determines the position of the Bank BMS in a competitive mode, the operation of the Bank BMS system is guaranteed in the optimal operation environment, even if the Bank BMS cannot normally operate due to reasons such as faults, other Rack BMSs can still replace the position of the Bank BMS to continue to guarantee the operation of the system, the reliability of the system can be improved, and the online rate of the system is improved.
The invention adopts a decentralized architecture to manage the battery of the battery system, can realize one master and multiple slaves, and has the following advantages:
improving the online rate of the system: each Rack BMS determines the position of the Bank BMS in a competitive mode, the operation of the Bank BMS system is guaranteed in the optimal operation environment, even if the Bank BMS cannot normally operate due to reasons such as faults, other Rack BMSs can still replace the position of the Bank BMS to continue to guarantee the operation of the system, the reliability of the system can be improved, and the online rate of the system is improved.
And (3) hot backup of a control system: on the premise of not increasing hardware, the hot backup of the controllable system is realized;
the system is simple, and the cost is more excellent: the position of the Bank BMS is determined by the winning competition mode of each Rack BMS, a hardware entity of the main management system is omitted, and further, the communication connection of the hardware level between the battery cluster management system (Rack BMS) and the main management system (Bank BMS) is omitted, so that the data transmission is more reliable, the system structure is more concise, and the cost is more excellent.
The invention provides an energy storage battery management system which has the advantages of high reliability, complete functions, timely and stable communication and more perfect management system architecture, and aims at the special requirements of the energy storage field on the battery management system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery management system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery management system in another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery management system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further elucidated with reference to the drawings in conjunction with the detailed description.
It should be noted that the components in the figures may be exaggerated and not necessarily to scale for illustrative purposes. In the figures, identical or functionally identical components are provided with the same reference symbols.
In the present invention, "disposed on …", "disposed over …" and "disposed over …" do not exclude the presence of an intermediate therebetween, unless otherwise specified. Further, "disposed on or above …" merely indicates the relative positional relationship between two components, and may also be converted to "disposed below or below …" and vice versa in certain cases, such as after reversing the product direction.
In the present invention, the embodiments are only intended to illustrate the aspects of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting.
In the present invention, the terms "a" and "an" do not exclude the presence of a plurality of elements, unless otherwise specified.
It is further noted herein that in embodiments of the present invention, only a portion of the components or assemblies may be shown for clarity and simplicity, but those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that, given the teachings of the present invention, required components or assemblies may be added as needed in a particular scenario. Furthermore, features from different embodiments of the invention may be combined with each other, unless otherwise indicated. For example, a feature of the second embodiment may be substituted for a corresponding or functionally equivalent or similar feature of the first embodiment, and the resulting embodiments are likewise within the scope of the disclosure or recitation of the present application.
It is also noted herein that, within the scope of the present invention, the terms "same", "equal", and the like do not mean that the two values are absolutely equal, but allow some reasonable error, that is, the terms also encompass "substantially the same", "substantially equal". By analogy, in the present invention, the terms "perpendicular", "parallel" and the like in the directions of the tables also cover the meanings of "substantially perpendicular", "substantially parallel".
The numbering of the steps of the methods of the present invention does not limit the order of execution of the steps of the methods. Unless specifically stated, the method steps may be performed in a different order.
The battery management system according to the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and from the claims. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are not to precise scale, which is merely for the purpose of facilitating and distinctly claiming the embodiments of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a battery management system to solve the problem that a battery system of an existing new energy system is easy to crash due to the failure of the battery management system.
The invention also aims to provide a battery management system to solve the problem of low battery performance caused by low battery system management level of the existing new energy system.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a battery management system for managing a battery system of a new energy system, the battery system including a plurality of battery clusters, each of the battery clusters including a plurality of battery packs, the battery management system including: a plurality of battery cluster management systems, each battery cluster management system configured to manage its corresponding battery cluster; and an energy management system configured to perform management of the entire battery system by managing all the battery cluster management systems; one battery cluster management system in the plurality of battery cluster management systems is used as a main management system and manages other battery clusters simultaneously; and the battery cluster management system except the main management system is used as the redundancy of the main management system.
The invention realizes decentralized management of a large-scale new energy battery system, has multiple functions and one master, and enhances the online rate and robustness of system operation.
Specifically, the beneficial effects of the invention include:
firstly, realizing the hot backup of a controllable system on the premise of not increasing hardware;
secondly, hardware-level communication connection between a battery cluster management system (Rack BMS) and a main management system (Bank BMS) is omitted, data transmission is more reliable, the system structure is simpler, and the cost is more excellent;
and thirdly, each Rack BMS determines the status of the Bank BMS in a competitive mode, so that the operation of the Bank BMS system is guaranteed in an optimal operation environment, and even if the Bank BMS cannot normally operate due to reasons such as faults, other Rack BMSs can still replace the status of the Bank BMS to continue to guarantee the operation of the system, the reliability of the system can be improved, and the online rate of the system is improved.
The battery management system of the present invention mainly includes the following components:
battery Measurement Unit (BMU): the device is responsible for collecting the voltage, temperature, balance control and the like of the battery system;
battery cluster Management System (Rack Battery Management System, Rack BMS): the system is a core module of the whole system and is responsible for managing the information of single batteries, high-voltage management, charge and discharge management, environment management, balance management, fault diagnosis of a battery system, control and other functions;
main Management System (Bank Battery Management System, Bank BMS): the system is responsible for summarizing key information of each Rack BMS so as to control the functions of power access, energy management, power management, fault diagnosis and the like of the whole system;
energy Management System (EMS): the system is responsible for summarizing and recording the operation data of the battery system and managing the system energy;
power Conversion System (PCS): and the inverter is responsible for AC/DC inversion.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the Bank BMS does not have separate physical hardware, but shares a hardware system with the Rack BMS, each Rack BMS can operate as the Bank BMS, and each Rack BMS determines the Bank BMS in a competitive manner.
Information interaction is carried out among the systems in a communication mode, wherein the communication mode comprises but is not limited to: CAN, SPI, RS485, Ethernet, Ethercat and other communication modes. The system is not limited to control management in normal operation, and also has the functions of data configuration, remote monitoring, system upgrading and the like.
Among subsystems of each battery pack, each BMU is connected to a bus, and the collected data are transmitted to a Rack BMS through the common bus; the Rack BMS of each battery cluster performs data interaction in a bus mode, and the system selected as the Bank BMS summarizes and processes the key data of the bus; each Rack BMS and the EMS can carry out data interaction; the Bank BMS establishes communication with the EMS and the PCS besides the communication with each Rack BMS; the EMS as an energy management unit also needs to be communicatively coupled to the PCS.
The BMU of each battery pack samples the temperature and voltage of the battery and transmits the data to the Rack BMS in a specified communication mode; the Rack BMS is a core module of the whole system and has the functions of high-voltage management, charge and discharge management, environment management, balance management, battery system fault diagnosis, control and the like according to the summarized information (including voltage and temperature) of each battery monomer; the battery cluster management system carries out battery state estimation and balance control according to the temperature, voltage and/or current of each battery of the cluster; the Bank BMS performs control management on the whole battery pack according to the information of each battery cluster, and has the functions of high-voltage management, energy management, power management, fault diagnosis and the like;
as described above, each Rack BMS determines the Bank BMS in a competitive manner, when a certain Bank BMS is selected, the Bank BMS will not repeatedly compete for selection for many times in the normal operation of the system, and when the system selected as the Bank BMS fails or has insufficient capacity, the system will re-compete for selection, so as to realize decentralized management, one master and multiple slaves of the system, and enhance the online rate and robustness of the system operation; each Rack BMS can upload data to an EMS, the EMS can record the data and perform energy management according to the data, and the data volume is relatively large and the requirement on transmission speed is low; the Bank BMS performs data interaction with the EMS through an independent channel, the part is key operation data, and the requirement on the real-time performance of transmission is relatively high; the Bank BMS establishes real-time communication with the PCS to ensure the normal operation of the high-voltage management of the whole system; communication is also established between the EMS and the PCS to meet scheduling requirements of the station for battery system power or energy management.
The traditional new energy battery system architecture is represented by a three-layer architecture, the decentralized architecture is adopted for battery management of the battery system, one master battery and multiple backup batteries can be realized, and the novel energy battery system architecture has the following advantages:
improving the online rate of the system: each Rack BMS determines the position of the Bank BMS in a competitive mode, the operation of the Bank BMS system is guaranteed in the optimal operation environment, even if the Bank BMS cannot normally operate due to reasons such as faults, other Rack BMSs can still replace the position of the Bank BMS to continue to guarantee the operation of the system, the reliability of the system can be improved, and the online rate of the system is improved.
And (3) hot backup of a control system: on the premise of not increasing hardware, the hot backup of the controllable system is realized;
the system is simple, and the cost is more excellent: the communication connection of hardware levels between a battery cluster management system (Rack BMS) and a main management system (Bank BMS) is omitted, the data transmission is more reliable, the system structure is simpler, and the cost is more excellent.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, a decentralized battery system battery management system architecture comprises the following components: the system comprises a battery sampling unit BMU, a battery cluster management system Rack BMS, a main management system Bank BMS, an energy management system EMS and a power conversion system PCS;
in one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the communication mode between the systems is as follows: each BMU communicates with a Rack BMS in a CAN/daisy chain communication mode to realize data interaction; each Rack BMS is in communication connection through the CAN and/or the Ethercat, and a certain Rack BMS is determined to be the status of the Bank BMS based on the running state of the Rack BMS; each Rack BMS is connected with the EMS through the Ethernet; determining as a system of a Bank BMS, establishing communication with an EMS through RS 485/Ethernet and establishing communication with a PCS through CAN; the EMS and the PCS establish communication through an Ethernet mode.
The working principle of the battery management system comprises the following steps: the BMU of each battery pack samples the temperature and voltage of the battery and transmits the data to the Rack BMS through the CAN; the Rack BMS is used as a core module of the whole system, and has the functions of high-voltage management, charge and discharge management, environment management, balance management, battery system fault diagnosis, control and the like according to the collected information (including voltage and temperature) of each battery monomer; the balance management part is implemented by a Rack BMS issuing instructions through a CAN to control a BMU; the Bank BMS performs control management on the whole battery pack according to the information of each battery cluster, and has the functions of high-voltage management, energy management, power management, fault diagnosis and the like; as described above, each Rack BMS bus CAN shares data, and further determines a Bank BMS in a competitive manner, when a certain Bank BMS is selected, the Bank BMS status in normal operation of the system is not repeatedly subjected to election for many times, and when the system selected as the Bank BMS fails or has insufficient capacity, the system is subjected to election again, so that decentralized management, primary and secondary operation and online rate and robustness of system operation are enhanced; each Rack BMS can upload data to an EMS through the Ethernet, the EMS can record the data and perform energy management according to the data, the data volume is relatively large, the transmission rate is low, and the data volume is defined as a slow layer; bank BMS carries out data interaction with EMS through RS485, the part is key operation data, the requirement on transmission speed is relatively high, and the part is defined as a rapid layer; bank BMS and PCS establish real-time communication through CAN, so that the normal operation of the high-voltage management of the whole system is ensured; when the Bank BMS finds that the system has alarm or fault, the Bank BMS CAN simultaneously inform the PCS through the CAN/or the Ethernet and inform the EMS of the current abnormal state through the RS 485/or the Ethernet; the EMS and the PCS are communicated through the Ethernet, when the field station puts forward a scheduling requirement on the power or the energy of the battery system, the field station can appoint the PCS to perform scheduling, and when the battery system has the power or the energy requirement, the EMS realizes effective energy management on the system according to the state of the whole system.
In summary, the above embodiments describe the different configurations of the battery management system in detail, and it is understood that the present invention includes but is not limited to the configurations listed in the above embodiments, and any modifications based on the configurations provided by the above embodiments are within the scope of the present invention. One skilled in the art can take the contents of the above embodiments to take a counter-measure.
The embodiments are described in a progressive manner in the specification, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For the system disclosed by the embodiment, the description is relatively simple because the system corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The above description is only for the purpose of describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any variations and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure are within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A battery management system is used for managing a battery system, wherein the battery system comprises N battery clusters, and N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1; each battery cluster comprises M battery packs, wherein M is a natural number more than or equal to 1; the battery management system includes:
the battery cluster management system comprises N battery cluster management systems, each battery cluster management system is configured to manage a corresponding battery cluster, wherein one of the N battery cluster management systems serves as a master management system to manage the battery cluster and other battery clusters, one or more battery cluster management systems except the master management system serve as alternative master management systems, and the role of the master management system can be switched among the N battery cluster management systems when the running condition changes.
2. The battery management system of claim 1, further comprising:
an energy management system configured to perform management of the entire battery system by managing the battery cluster management system;
the battery management system comprises a plurality of battery measurement units, a plurality of battery management units and a plurality of battery management units, wherein each battery measurement unit is configured to measure information of a corresponding battery pack and provide the information to a battery cluster management system corresponding to the battery cluster; and
a power conversion system configured to perform ac/dc inversion between the entire battery system and an external circuit;
the information of the battery pack comprises voltage, current, temperature, balance control information and fault information.
3. The battery management system of claim 2, wherein the battery cluster management system, as a core module of the battery cluster corresponding to the battery cluster management system, performs one or more of the following actions:
collecting information of the battery packs in the cluster;
forming cluster summary information according to the information of the battery pack, and sending the cluster summary information to a main management system and/or an energy management system; the cluster summary information comprises information of the battery pack and/or a cluster management strategy;
performing high-voltage management, charging and discharging management, environment management, balance management, fault diagnosis and enabling control on the battery pack of the cluster according to the cluster summary information and/or the overall management strategy;
and the battery cluster management system carries out battery state estimation and balance control according to the temperature, the voltage and/or the current of each battery pack of the cluster.
4. The battery management system according to claim 3, wherein the present battery cluster summary information includes key information and integrity information, wherein:
the key information is sent to a main management system through an inter-cluster bus, and the main management system controls power access, energy management, power management and fault diagnosis of the whole battery system according to the key information of each battery cluster management system;
the complete information is sent to an energy management system through a hierarchical bus, and the energy management system collects and records the operation data of the whole battery system according to the complete information so as to manage the energy of the whole battery system;
the main management system forms an overall management strategy of the battery pack according to key information of part/all of the battery cluster management systems, or the energy management system forms the overall management strategy of the battery pack according to complete information of part/all of the battery cluster management systems;
the battery cluster summary information and/or the overall management strategy and/or the management of the battery system also comprise data configuration, remote monitoring and system upgrading.
5. The battery management system according to claim 4, wherein among the battery cluster management systems, each battery cluster management system is connected to an inter-cluster bus, and data interaction is performed among the battery cluster management systems through the inter-cluster bus;
the alternative primary management system is configured to be capable of acting as a primary management system in the event of a failure or insufficient capacity of the primary management system;
each battery cluster management system transmits the acquired information of the battery pack to a main management system through an inter-cluster bus; and the main management system collects and processes the key information of the inter-cluster bus.
6. The battery management system of claim 5,
the main management system and the energy management system communicate through a first-level bus to transmit key information;
the main management system and the power conversion system are communicated through a second-level bus to ensure the normal operation of the high-voltage management of the whole battery system;
the energy management system and the power conversion system are communicated through a third-level bus to meet the dispatching requirement of the station on the power or energy management of the battery system;
the battery cluster management system except the main management system communicates with the energy management system through a fourth-level bus to transmit complete information;
wherein the transmission speed of the first level bus is higher than the transmission speed of the fourth level bus.
7. The battery management system of claim 6,
each battery measuring unit is communicated with a battery cluster management system of a cluster in which the battery measuring unit is positioned through CAN bus/daisy chain communication;
each battery cluster management system communicates through a CAN bus or an Ethercat;
each battery cluster management system is communicated with the energy management system through the Ethernet;
the main management system is communicated with the energy management system through an RS485 bus or an Ethernet, and is communicated with the power conversion system through a CAN bus;
the energy management system and the power conversion system communicate over an ethernet network.
8. The battery management system according to claim 7, wherein the master management system is selected by a competition rule based on the operation status between the battery cluster management systems, wherein the competition rule comprises:
the performance calculation score is obtained by directly comparing the comprehensive weighted values of the CPU load rate and the RAM utilization rate of each battery cluster management system, the lower the CPU load rate and the RAM utilization rate, the higher the performance calculation score is, the highest performance calculation score is selected as the main management system, and the battery cluster management system with the best performance is selected as the main management system, or
Selecting the battery cluster management system which sends the most election signals in unit time as a main management system by comparing the number of election signals sent by each battery cluster management system in unit time;
when a certain battery cluster management system is selected as a main management system, the status of the main management system in normal operation is kept unchanged until a fault occurs or the capacity is insufficient, competition is carried out again, and decentralized management and one-master-multi-standby of the battery system are realized.
9. The battery management system of claim 8,
when the main management system finds that the battery system has alarm or fault, the main management system informs the power conversion system of the current abnormal state through the CAN bus and informs the energy management system of the current abnormal state through the RS485 bus or the Ethernet;
when the battery system has power or energy demand, the energy management system realizes effective energy management on the battery system according to the state of the whole battery system, and the energy management system comprises the following steps:
when the battery cluster of the battery system has low electric quantity due to long-term shelving and has a charging requirement, the main management system sends a charging requirement signal to the energy management system, the energy management system sends a charging instruction to the power conversion system according to the running state of the battery system, and the power conversion system charges the battery system on the direct current side according to the current state of the main management system.
10. The battery management system of claim 9, wherein the energy management system communicates with the power conversion system via an ethernet network, and wherein the designated power conversion system is scheduled when the yard station places a scheduling requirement on the power or energy of the battery system, comprising:
at the signal link level: when the station has frequency modulation or peak shaving requirements, the energy management system issues a scheduling requirement instruction to the power conversion system based on the requirements of the station, and the power conversion system responds to the requirements of the energy management system according to the current power state and the energy state of the main management system and feeds actual response data back to the energy management system;
at the power line level: the direct current at the energy storage end and the alternating current at the power grid end are subjected to energy conversion through a power conversion system.
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