CN113690623A - Double-frequency circular polarization hexagonal horn antenna for improving aperture efficiency of array surface - Google Patents

Double-frequency circular polarization hexagonal horn antenna for improving aperture efficiency of array surface Download PDF

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CN113690623A
CN113690623A CN202111007637.XA CN202111007637A CN113690623A CN 113690623 A CN113690623 A CN 113690623A CN 202111007637 A CN202111007637 A CN 202111007637A CN 113690623 A CN113690623 A CN 113690623A
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hexagonal
horn antenna
horn
circular polarization
dual
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CN113690623B (en
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桑磊
李帅涛
胡斌
王井亮
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Hefei University of Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H01Q13/0241—Waveguide horns radiating a circularly polarised wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/002—Protection against seismic waves, thermal radiation or other disturbances, e.g. nuclear explosion; Arrangements for improving the power handling capability of an antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-frequency circular polarization hexagonal horn antenna for improving array surface aperture efficiency, and belongs to the technical field of microwave antennas. The device comprises a base, a transition body and a hexagonal pyramid body which are coaxially and sequentially connected, wherein the base is in a short pipe shape; the transition body is a horn-shaped hollow body, and spline curve transition from a small circle to a large circle is realized; the hexagonal pyramid is a hollow body in the shape of a hexagonal frustum, and the transition from a circle to a hexagon is realized. The traditional circular horn antenna has large volume, the gain needs to be improved, gaps exist when the array surfaces are arranged, and the caliber efficiency is low. The hexagonal horns can be uniformly arranged without gaps, the caliber efficiency is high, and the circular polarization is poor. The invention combines the advantages of the circular horn and the hexagonal horn, has higher gain and smaller volume, the gain in a transmitting frequency band is more than 13.6dB, the gain in a receiving frequency band is more than 17.4dB, and the gain is improved by 1 dB-3 dB; the array surfaces can be closely arranged, so that circular polarization is ensured, and meanwhile, the aperture efficiency of the array surface of the horn antenna is greatly improved.

Description

Double-frequency circular polarization hexagonal horn antenna for improving aperture efficiency of array surface
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave antennas, and particularly relates to a satellite-borne double-frequency circularly polarized horn antenna which is mainly applied to a Ku/Ka frequency band receiving and transmitting integrated double-frequency circularly polarized feed source in a satellite communication system.
Background
With the development of satellite communication technology, the application requirement of an antenna system to a Ku/Ka frequency band is higher and higher, and the transmission and reception work in different frequency bands in satellite communication requires dual-frequency work of an antenna. The antenna system capable of transmitting and receiving circularly polarized waves has unique advantages in various complex environments, circularly polarized waves have strong anti-interference capability, observation is carried out along the propagation direction, the electric field vector rotates clockwise, the circularly polarized waves are called right-handed circularly polarized waves, and the electric field vector rotates counterclockwise, the circularly polarized waves are called left-handed circularly polarized waves. After the right-hand circularly polarized wave emitted by the antenna meets an object, the left-hand circularly polarized wave is reflected, and the interference effect on the transmitting antenna does not exist. The circularly polarized wave antenna can also be used as a detection radar and an interference radar, can receive signals of any linearly polarized wave, and can be used as the detection radar in battlefields and complex environments. The circularly polarized wave antenna can generate interference effect on any linearly polarized wave and elliptically polarized wave, and therefore can be used as an interference radar. A common dual-frequency circularly polarized horn is a standard linear conical horn, the diameter of the horn is large, the height of the horn is high, and the gain cannot meet the requirement in some future communication occasions.
Because rectangular waveguides and polygonal waveguides are not suitable for transmitting circularly polarized waves, most of the existing circularly polarized horn antennas are circular structures, but gaps are left among all horns when the circular horn antennas form an array, so that the aperture efficiency of the array surface of the horn antenna is reduced. The hexagonal horn openings are regular hexagons, can be uniformly spread out on the plane, and no gap is left behind the hexagonal horn composition array surface, so that the hexagonal horn has higher caliber efficiency, but the hexagonal horn has higher general axial ratio and poorer circular polarization.
In summary, the prior art has the following disadvantages: (1) the common standard linear conical horn has larger volume and the gain is to be improved; (2) circular polarization can be well realized by the circular loudspeakers, but gaps exist among the loudspeakers when the array surfaces are formed, and the caliber efficiency is low; (3) when the array surface is formed by the hexagonal horns, no gap is left between the horns, the caliber efficiency is higher, but the circular polarization is poorer.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of large volume, low gain and low array surface aperture efficiency of the conventional double-frequency circularly polarized horn antenna, the invention provides a double-frequency circularly polarized hexagonal horn antenna for improving the array surface aperture efficiency.
A double-frequency circular polarization hexagonal horn antenna for improving array surface aperture efficiency comprises a base 1, a transition body 2 and a hexagonal pyramid 3 which are coaxially and sequentially connected; the base 1 is in a short tubular shape; the transition body 2 is a horn-shaped hollow body, the small-diameter end of the transition body 2 is fixedly connected with one end of the base 1, and the other end of the base 1 is a feed input port; the hexagonal pyramid 3 is a hollow body in the shape of a hexagonal frustum, one axial end of the hexagonal pyramid 3 is a circular opening and is fixedly connected with the large-diameter end of the transition body 2, and the other axial end of the hexagonal pyramid 3 is a hexagonal opening;
the dual-frequency circular polarization hexagonal horn antenna works in two frequency bands of transmitting and receiving, wherein the transmitting frequency band is right-hand circular polarization, and the transmitting frequency band range is 18.4GHz-21.2 GHz; the receiving frequency band is left-handed circular polarization, and the receiving frequency band range is 29.6GHz-31 GHz.
The ratio of the diameter d of the hexagonal opening of the hexagonal pyramid 3 to the axial length L of the dual-frequency circularly polarized hexagonal horn antenna is 3/13.
The dual-frequency circular polarization hexagonal horn antenna is made of copper, and the wall thickness is 0.5 mm.
The hexagonal opening ends of the hexagonal pyramids 3 of the dual-frequency circular polarization hexagonal horn antenna are arranged in a honeycomb shape, and no gap is reserved between the hexagonal openings of the adjacent hexagonal pyramids 3.
Compared with the common standard linear conical horn, the invention designs the transition body 2 for the transition from the small circle to the large circle spline curve, which can reduce the height of the antenna, reduce the size of the antenna and improve the gain of the antenna. The specific expression is
Figure BDA0003237569810000021
Wherein the radius r of the lower end circlei5.46mm, radius r of the upper end circleo12mm, axial length h of the transition body 2229.6mm, parameter A0.2 and p 3.
Compared with the common standard straight line conical horn, the hexagonal pyramid 3 with the transition from the circular shape to the hexagonal shape is designed, the circular horn can be converted into the hexagonal horn, the outer contour of the transition structure can be formed by connecting lines of points between the circular shape and the hexagonal shape, and the specific expression formula is as follows: with the center of the bottom of the horn antenna as the origin of coordinates, set (x)1,y1,z1) Is the coordinate of a point on the circumference, (x)2,y2,z2) Dividing the circle and the hexagon into n equal parts for the coordinates of points on the hexagonal edge, wherein the ith part is marked as i
Figure BDA0003237569810000022
Figure BDA0003237569810000031
Figure BDA0003237569810000032
Wherein h is1Is the axial length of the base 1, h2Is the axial length of the transition body 2, and L is the overall axial length of the dual-frequency circularly polarized hexagonal horn antenna.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the invention are embodied in the following aspects:
(1) the invention designs the transition body 2 for the transition from the small circle to the large circle spline curve, thereby realizing the reduction of the volume of the horn antenna and the improvement of the gain. The axial length of the horn antenna designed by the invention is 42mm, the gain in a transmitting frequency band is more than 13.6dB, and the gain in a receiving frequency band is more than 17.4dB, compared with the common standard linear conical horn, the axial length of the horn antenna designed by the invention can be reduced by 10% -20%, and the gain is improved by 1 dB-3 dB.
(2) The invention designs the hexagonal pyramid 3 with circular to hexagonal transition, realizes the combination of the advantages of the circular horn and the hexagonal horn, and simultaneously has better circular polarization and higher aperture efficiency of the array surface. The traditional circular horn has good circular polarization, but gaps exist among horn antennas when an array is formed, and the aperture efficiency is low. The hexagonal horns are uniformly arranged without gaps, the caliber efficiency is high, and the circular polarization is poor. The horn antenna designed by the invention has the advantages that the axial ratio in the transmitting frequency band is less than 0.25dB, the axial ratio in the receiving frequency band is less than 0.15dB, the excellent circular polarization is realized, when the horn antenna forms an area array, the horn antenna is tightly arranged without gaps, and the array surface aperture efficiency close to 100 percent can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a top view of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic illustration of a 6 x 6 array of hexagonal horns.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a circular horn 6 x 6 wavefront.
FIG. 7 is an axial ratio of the transmission bands of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 shows the gain of the transmission band according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is an axial ratio of the receive bands according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 shows gains of the receiving bands according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Sequence numbers in the upper figure: base 1, transition body 2, hexagonal pyramid 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, a dual-frequency circular polarization hexagonal horn antenna for improving the aperture efficiency of a wavefront comprises a base 1, a transition body 2 and a hexagonal pyramid 3 which are coaxially connected in sequence. The base 1 is short tubulose, and the transition body 2 is tubaeform hollow body, and the small diameter end of the transition body 2 is fixed and is connected the one end of base 1, and the other end of base 1 is feed input port. The hexagonal pyramid 3 is a hollow body in the shape of a hexagonal frustum, one axial end of the hexagonal pyramid 3 is a circular opening, the large-diameter end of the transition body 2 is fixedly connected, and the other axial end of the hexagonal pyramid 3 is a hexagonal opening.
The material of dual-frenquency circular polarization hexagon horn antenna is copper, and the wall thickness is 0.5mm, for guaranteeing structural strength, adopts the integrated into one piece structure, see figure 4. When the feed is carried out by the input port of the horn antenna, the feed horn antenna can work in a transmitting frequency band and a receiving frequency band, wherein the transmitting frequency band is right-handed circular polarization, the working frequency range is 18.4GHz-21.2GHz, and the receiving frequency band is left-handed circular polarization, and the working frequency range is 29.6GHz-31 GHz.
Referring to fig. 4, the base 1 is positioned at the lowest position and functions to receive the dual-frequency circularly polarized signal input from the input port and transmit it to the radiation portion of the horn. The base 1 has an inner diameter of 5.46mm, an outer diameter of 5.96mm, a height of 5.4mm and a wall thickness of 0.5 mm.
Referring to fig. 4, the transition body 2 functions to reduce the height of the antenna, reduce the volume of the antenna, and improve the gain of the antenna. The transition body 2 is a sin function curved surface, and the specific expression is
Figure BDA0003237569810000041
Wherein h is2＝29.6mm，ri＝5.46mm，ro＝12mm，A＝0.2，p＝3。
Referring to fig. 4, the hexagonal pyramid 3 functions to convert a circular horn into a hexagonal horn, and radiate circularly polarized waves while improving the aperture efficiency of the front face. The outer contour of the hexagonal pyramid 3 structure can be formed by connecting points between a circle and a hexagon, and the specific expression formula is as follows: with the center of the bottom of the horn antenna as the origin of coordinates, set (x)1,y1,z1) Is the coordinate of a point on the circumference, (x)2,y2,z2) Dividing the circle and the hexagon into n equal parts for the coordinates of points on the hexagonal edge, wherein the ith part is marked as i
Figure BDA0003237569810000051
Figure BDA0003237569810000052
Figure BDA0003237569810000053
Wherein h is1Is the axial length of the base 1, h2Is the axial length of the transition body 2, and L is the overall axial length of the dual-frequency circularly polarized hexagonal horn antenna.
With reference to fig. 3 and 4, the height h of the hexagonal pyramid 33Is 7mm, the lower end is a circle with the radius of 12mm, and the upper end is a regular hexagon with the side length of 13.86 mm.
The ratio of the diameter d of the hexagonal opening of the hexagonal pyramid 3 to the axial length L of the dual-frequency circularly polarized hexagonal horn antenna is 3/13.
Referring to fig. 7, the antenna of embodiment 1 has an axial ratio in the transmission band of less than 0.25dB, and has good circular polarization. Referring to fig. 8, the gain of the antenna of embodiment 1 in the transmission frequency band is greater than 13.6dB, and the antenna has better radiation performance. Referring to fig. 9, the antenna of embodiment 1 has an axial ratio in the receiving band of less than 0.15dB, and has good circular polarization. Referring to fig. 10, the antenna of embodiment 1 has a gain in the receiving band greater than 17.4dB, and the antenna has better radiation performance.
Example 2
The following is a comparison of the case when a circular horn antenna and a dual-band circularly polarized hexagonal horn antenna of the present invention constitute an antenna array.
Referring to fig. 5, a schematic diagram of a dual-band circularly polarized hexagonal horn antenna array face of 6 × 6 according to the present invention is that a total of 36 dual-band circularly polarized hexagonal horn antennas of 6 × 6 are uniformly arranged to form a horn antenna array face, and as can be seen from fig. 5, due to the unique structure of the dual-band circularly polarized hexagonal horn antennas, the dual-band circularly polarized hexagonal horn antennas are uniformly arranged without leaving any gap in the same array face, which greatly improves the aperture efficiency of the horn antenna array face.
Referring to fig. 6, a schematic diagram of a 6 × 6 array surface of a circular horn antenna is that a total of 36 circular horn antennas of 6 × 6 are uniformly arranged to form a horn antenna array surface, and as can be seen from fig. 6, when the array surface is formed by the circular horn antennas, a gap is left between adjacent circular horn antennas, which reduces the aperture efficiency of the horn antenna array surface.

Claims (4)

1. A dual-band circular polarization hexagonal horn antenna for improving array surface aperture efficiency is characterized in that: comprises a base (1), a transition body (2) and a hexagonal pyramid (3) which are coaxially connected in sequence; the base (1) is in a short pipe shape; the transition body (2) is a horn-shaped hollow body, the small-diameter end of the transition body (2) is fixedly connected with one end of the base (1), and the other end of the base (1) is a feed input port; the hexagonal pyramid (3) is a hollow body in the shape of a hexagonal frustum, one axial end of the hexagonal pyramid (3) is a circular opening and is fixedly connected with the large-diameter end of the transition body (2), and the other axial end of the hexagonal pyramid (3) is a hexagonal opening;
the dual-frequency circular polarization hexagonal horn antenna works in two frequency bands of transmitting and receiving, wherein the transmitting frequency band is right-hand circular polarization, and the transmitting frequency band range is 18.4GHz-21.2 GHz; the receiving frequency band is left-handed circular polarization, and the receiving frequency band range is 29.6GHz-31 GHz.
2. The dual-band circularly polarized hexagonal horn antenna for increasing the aperture efficiency of a wavefront according to claim 1, wherein: the ratio of the diameter d of the hexagonal opening of the hexagonal pyramid (3) to the axial length L of the dual-frequency circularly polarized hexagonal horn antenna is 3/13.
3. The dual-band circularly polarized hexagonal horn antenna for increasing the aperture efficiency of a wavefront according to claim 1, wherein: the dual-frequency circular polarization hexagonal horn antenna is made of copper, and the wall thickness is 0.5 mm.
4. The antenna array of the dual-band circularly polarized hexagonal horn antenna for improving the aperture efficiency of the array surface according to claim 1, wherein: the hexagonal opening ends of the hexagonal pyramids (3) of the dual-frequency circular polarization hexagonal horn antenna are arranged in a honeycomb shape, and no gap is reserved between the hexagonal openings of the adjacent hexagonal pyramids (3).
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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4757324A (en) * 1987-04-23 1988-07-12 Rca Corporation Antenna array with hexagonal horns
US6501434B1 (en) * 2001-11-15 2002-12-31 Space Systems/Loral, Inc. Multi-band corrugated antenna feed horn with a hexagonal aperture and antenna array using same
TW201308746A (en) * 2011-08-08 2013-02-16 Prime Electronics & Satellitics Inc Dual-band feed horn
CN105591193A (en) * 2016-02-24 2016-05-18 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 Double-frequency circularly polarized antenna
CN107248619A (en) * 2017-06-01 2017-10-13 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 A kind of single groove depth C/Ku two-bands differential mode tracking feed and its design method
US10218076B1 (en) * 2018-09-10 2019-02-26 The Florida International University Board Of Trustees Hexagonal waveguide based circularly polarized horn antennas
CN110661103A (en) * 2019-10-15 2020-01-07 中国人民解放军63686部队 X-frequency-band low-grating-lobe circularly polarized antenna

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4757324A (en) * 1987-04-23 1988-07-12 Rca Corporation Antenna array with hexagonal horns
US6501434B1 (en) * 2001-11-15 2002-12-31 Space Systems/Loral, Inc. Multi-band corrugated antenna feed horn with a hexagonal aperture and antenna array using same
TW201308746A (en) * 2011-08-08 2013-02-16 Prime Electronics & Satellitics Inc Dual-band feed horn
CN105591193A (en) * 2016-02-24 2016-05-18 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 Double-frequency circularly polarized antenna
CN107248619A (en) * 2017-06-01 2017-10-13 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 A kind of single groove depth C/Ku two-bands differential mode tracking feed and its design method
US10218076B1 (en) * 2018-09-10 2019-02-26 The Florida International University Board Of Trustees Hexagonal waveguide based circularly polarized horn antennas
CN110661103A (en) * 2019-10-15 2020-01-07 中国人民解放军63686部队 X-frequency-band low-grating-lobe circularly polarized antenna

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