CN113690392A - Transparent display panel, preparation method thereof and display device - Google Patents
Transparent display panel, preparation method thereof and display device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a transparent display panel, a preparation method thereof and a display device, and relates to the technical field of display. The high-reflectivity first electrode layer in the display substrate and the high-reflectivity second electrode layer in the touch substrate form a light guide structure, small-angle light rays emitted by the light emitting functional layer can pass through the first hollow area surrounded by the second electrode layer and are emitted from the pixel area close to one side of the touch substrate, large-angle light rays emitted by the light emitting functional layer enter the light guide structure and are guided to the transparent area close to one side of the display substrate to be emitted after at least one reflection of the light guide structure, and therefore double-sided display is achieved. In the embodiment of the invention, the anode layer still has high reflectivity, so that the microcavity effect between the cathode and the anode can be ensured while the double-sided display is realized, the outgoing spectrum of the transparent display panel is ensured to have a narrowing effect, and the color purity during the double-sided display is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of display, in particular to a transparent display panel, a preparation method thereof and a display device.
Background
The transparent display device has the effects of no sunlight shielding and perspective, is commonly used in glass curtain wall buildings, airports, hotels, stages, shop windows and the like, and has a wide application prospect.
At present, the transparent display device is used to realize double-sided display, and the anode in the transparent display panel is mainly changed from a film layer with high reflection characteristic to a film layer with semi-permeability or high permeability. Referring to fig. 1, when light emitted from the light-emitting functional layer a reaches the anode b, the light is not totally reflected by the anode b, but a part of the light is reflected by the anode b and then exits from one light-emitting surface, and another part of the light passes through the anode b and exits from the other opposite light-emitting surface.
However, in the transparent display panel, since the reflectivities of the cathode and the anode are low, the microcavity effect between the cathode and the anode is greatly reduced, so that the emission spectrum of the transparent display device does not have a narrowing effect any more, and the color purity of the transparent display device is low when the transparent display device performs double-sided display.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a transparent display panel, a preparation method thereof and a display device, and aims to solve the problem that the color purity is low when double-sided display is carried out by the conventional transparent display device.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention discloses a transparent display panel, which includes a display substrate and a touch substrate that are stacked, wherein the transparent display panel is divided into pixel regions and transparent regions located between the pixel regions;
the display substrate comprises a substrate, an anode layer, a first electrode layer and a light-emitting functional layer, wherein the anode layer, the first electrode layer and the light-emitting functional layer are positioned in the pixel area; the first electrode layer and the anode layer are arranged on the same layer and are separated, the anode layer and the first electrode layer have high reflectivity, and the orthographic projection of the first electrode layer on the substrate surrounds the orthographic projection of the light-emitting functional layer on the substrate;
the touch substrate comprises a second electrode layer positioned in the pixel area; the orthographic projection of the second electrode layer on the substrate surrounds the orthographic projection of the light-emitting functional layer on the substrate, the orthographic projection of the second electrode layer on the substrate is overlapped with the orthographic projection of the first electrode layer on the substrate, and the second electrode layer has high reflectivity;
the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer form a light guide structure; and a part of light emitted by the light-emitting functional layer passes through the first hollow area surrounded by the second electrode layer and is emitted from the pixel area close to one side of the touch substrate, and the other part of light emitted by the light-emitting functional layer passes through the light guide structure and is emitted from the transparent area close to one side of the display substrate.
Optionally, the first electrode layer is parallel to the substrate, an included angle is formed between the second electrode layer and the first electrode layer, and a distance between the second electrode layer and the first electrode layer gradually decreases in a direction pointing to the transparent region along the pixel region.
Optionally, an included angle between the second electrode layer and the first electrode layer is greater than 0 ° and less than or equal to 30 °.
Optionally, the touch substrate further includes an inclined plane structure, a certain included angle is formed between the inclined plane of the inclined plane structure and the first electrode layer, the height of the inclined plane structure is gradually reduced along the direction in which the pixel region points to the transparent region, and the second electrode layer is disposed on the inclined plane of the inclined plane structure.
Optionally, a difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the first electrode layer is smaller than a preset value S, where the preset value S satisfies the following formula:
wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 0; alpha is an included angle between the second electrode layer and the first electrode layer; emitting target light from a first position, closest to the second electrode layer, of the light-emitting functional layer at an exit angle of m alpha, wherein the target light just reaches a second position, closest to the light-emitting functional layer, of the second electrode layer, and after being reflected for (m-1) times in the light guide structure, the target light just exits perpendicularly to the first electrode layer from the edge of the first electrode layer, and the difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the first electrode layer is the preset value S; in the lamination direction of the transparent display panel, the distance between the second position and the plane where the first electrode layer is close to the second electrode layer is H.
Optionally, the first electrode layer is parallel to the substrate, and the second electrode layer is disposed parallel to the first electrode layer.
Optionally, an orthographic projection of the first electrode layer on the substrate is a first orthographic projection, an orthographic projection of the second electrode layer on the substrate is a second orthographic projection, and a side of the second orthographic projection, which is close to the transparent region, exceeds the first orthographic projection.
Optionally, the length of the side of the second orthographic projection close to the transparent region beyond the first orthographic projection is greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 20 μm.
Optionally, the display substrate further includes a thin film transistor located in the pixel region, the joint projection includes orthographic projections of the first electrode layer and a second hollow region surrounded by the first electrode layer on the substrate, respectively, and the joint projection covers the orthographic projection of the thin film transistor on the substrate.
Optionally, the touch substrate includes a plurality of touch electrodes, and the plurality of touch electrodes includes the second electrode layer.
Optionally, the touch substrate includes a plurality of touch electrodes and a plurality of bridge electrodes for connecting the touch electrodes, and the plurality of bridge electrodes include the second electrode layer.
Optionally, the transparent display panel further includes a color film substrate, and the touch substrate is located between the display substrate and the color film substrate.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention also discloses a method for manufacturing a transparent display panel, the method comprising:
forming an anode layer and a first electrode layer on the same layer on a substrate; the substrate comprises a substrate, the first electrode layer and the anode layer are positioned in a pixel region, the first electrode layer and the anode layer are separately arranged, and the anode layer and the first electrode layer have high reflectivity;
forming a light emitting functional layer on the anode layer to obtain a display substrate; an orthographic projection of the first electrode layer on the substrate surrounds an orthographic projection of the light-emitting functional layer on the substrate;
forming a second electrode layer on the display substrate to obtain a touch substrate; the second electrode layer is positioned in the pixel region, an orthographic projection of the second electrode layer on the substrate surrounds an orthographic projection of the light-emitting functional layer on the substrate, an overlap exists between the orthographic projection of the second electrode layer on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the first electrode layer on the substrate, and the second electrode layer has high reflectivity;
the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer form a light guide structure; and a part of light emitted by the light-emitting functional layer passes through the first hollow area surrounded by the second electrode layer and is emitted from the pixel area close to one side of the touch substrate, and the other part of light emitted by the light-emitting functional layer passes through the light guide structure and is emitted from the transparent area close to one side of the display substrate, wherein the transparent area is positioned between the pixel areas.
Optionally, before forming the second electrode layer on the display substrate, the method further includes:
forming a slope structure on the display substrate through a gray-tone mask; a certain included angle is formed between the inclined plane of the inclined plane structure and the first electrode layer, and the height of the inclined plane structure is gradually reduced in the direction pointing to the transparent area along the pixel area;
the forming a second electrode layer on the display substrate includes:
and forming a second electrode layer on the inclined surface of the inclined surface structure.
In order to solve the above problem, the present invention further discloses a display device, including the above transparent display panel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
in the embodiment of the invention, the high-reflectivity first electrode layer in the display substrate and the high-reflectivity second electrode layer in the touch substrate can be utilized to form the light guide structure, small-angle light rays emitted by the light emitting functional layer can pass through the first hollow area surrounded by the second electrode layer and exit from the pixel area close to one side of the touch substrate, and large-angle light rays emitted by the light emitting functional layer enter the light guide structure and are guided to the transparent area close to one side of the display substrate to exit after being reflected at least once by the light guide structure, so that double-sided display is realized. In the embodiment of the invention, the anode layer still has high reflectivity, so that the microcavity effect between the cathode and the anode can be ensured while the double-sided display is realized, the outgoing spectrum of the transparent display panel is ensured to have a narrowing effect, and the color purity during the double-sided display is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a conventional transparent display panel;
fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a transparent display panel according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another transparent display panel according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a light path of light passing through a light guide structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the light path of another light ray passing through the light guide structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a front display effect of a transparent display panel according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a back display effect of a transparent display panel according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a method for manufacturing a transparent display panel according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a panel after forming a tft and capacitor structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic view of a panel after forming a second flat layer according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a panel after forming an anode layer and a first electrode layer on the same layer according to a second embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a panel after forming an encapsulation layer according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a panel after forming a second electrode layer according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a panel after forming a bevel structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a schematic view of another panel after forming a second electrode layer according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Example one
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a transparent display panel according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 2, the transparent display panel includes a display substrate 100 and a touch substrate 200 which are stacked, the transparent display panel is divided into pixel regions 01 and transparent regions 02 located between the pixel regions 01, and pixel units are disposed in the pixel regions 01.
Referring to fig. 2, the display substrate 100 includes a substrate 11, and an anode layer 12, a first electrode layer 13, and a light emitting function layer 14 in a pixel region 01; the first electrode layer 13 and the anode layer 12 are arranged in the same layer and separately, that is, the first electrode layer 13 and the anode layer 12 arranged in the same layer are not electrically connected with each other, the anode layer 12 and the first electrode layer 13 have high reflectivity, and the orthographic projection of the first electrode layer 13 on the substrate 11 surrounds the orthographic projection of the light-emitting function layer 14 on the substrate 11;
the touch substrate 200 includes a second electrode layer 21 located in the pixel region 01; an orthographic projection of the second electrode layer 21 on the substrate 11 surrounds an orthographic projection of the light-emitting functional layer 14 on the substrate 11, the orthographic projection of the second electrode layer 21 on the substrate 11 is overlapped with an orthographic projection of the first electrode layer 13 on the substrate 11, and the second electrode layer 21 has high reflectivity;
the first electrode layer 13 and the second electrode layer 21 form a light guide structure; a part of the light emitted from the light-emitting functional layer 14 passes through the first hollow region 211 surrounded by the second electrode layer 21 and exits from the pixel region 01 near one side of the touch substrate 200 (hereinafter referred to as the front side of the transparent display panel), and another part of the light emitted from the light-emitting functional layer 14 passes through the light guide structure and exits from the transparent region 02 near one side of the display substrate 100 (hereinafter referred to as the back side of the transparent display panel).
It should be noted that the front and back surfaces of the transparent display panel described in the embodiments of the present invention are only for convenience of description, and it is understood that the front and back surfaces of the transparent display panel may be interchanged with different reference standards.
The transparent display panel is divided into a pixel area 01 and a transparent area 02, the pixel area 01 is provided with thin film transistors and wiring lines thereof, the transmittance is low, and the transparent area 02 is provided with no thin film transistors and wiring lines thereof, and has a high transmittance. In the embodiment of the invention, the high-reflectivity metal layer in the touch substrate and the high-reflectivity anode metal layer in the display substrate can be used for forming the light guide structure, the small-angle light rays emitted by the light emitting functional layer 14 are not shielded by the light guide structure and are emitted from the pixel area 01 on the front side for front display, and the large-angle light rays emitted by the light emitting functional layer 14 are guided to the transparent area 02 through the light guide structure and are emitted from the back side for back display.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the invention, the first electrode layer 13 disposed on the same layer as the anode layer 12 on the display substrate 100 may be used as a first layer of the light guide structure, and the second electrode layer 21 on the touch substrate 200 may be used as a second layer of the light guide structure. Referring to fig. 2, since the orthographic projections of the first electrode layer 13 and the second electrode layer 21 on the substrate 11 respectively surround the orthographic projection of the light-emitting functional layer 14 on the substrate 11, the small-angle light emitted by the light-emitting functional layer 14 can pass through the first hollow area 211 surrounded by the second electrode layer 21 and exit from the pixel area 01 near one side of the touch substrate 200, and the large-angle light emitted by the light-emitting functional layer 14 can enter the light guide structure, and the light guide structure can guide the large-angle light to the transparent area 02 near one side of the display substrate 100 to exit after at least one reflection, that is, the small-angle light emitted by the light-emitting functional layer 14 can be used for displaying on one side of the transparent display panel, and the large-angle light emitted by the light-emitting functional layer 14 can be used for displaying on the other side of the transparent display panel, thereby realizing the double-sided display.
In the transparent display panel provided by the embodiment of the invention, the anode layer 12 still has high reflectivity, so that the microcavity effect between the cathode and the anode can be ensured while the double-sided display is realized, the narrowing effect of the emergent spectrum of the transparent display panel is further ensured, and the color purity during the double-sided display is improved.
Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first electrode layer 13 (the first layer of the light guide structure) is spaced apart from the anode pattern without electrical connection therebetween, and therefore, the first electrode layer 13 may be optionally used as an auxiliary cathode to overlap with the cathode layer in the light emitting functional layer 14 for reducing IR Drop (resistance Drop) of the cathode.
In an alternative embodiment, referring to fig. 2, the first electrode layer 13 is parallel to the substrate 11, and the second electrode layer 21 may be disposed parallel to the first electrode layer 13.
In this embodiment, the first electrode layer 13 and the second electrode layer 21 are both disposed in parallel, so that the high-angle light emitted from the light-emitting functional layer 14 enters the light guide structure at a certain incident angle, and then exits from the light guide structure at an exit angle equal to the incident angle, and further exits from the transparent region on the back surface of the transparent display panel after passing through the other transparent film layers of the transparent display panel.
In another alternative embodiment, referring to fig. 3, the first electrode layer 13 is parallel to the substrate 11, and the second electrode layer 21 may have an angle with the first electrode layer 13, and the distance between the second electrode layer 21 and the first electrode layer 13 gradually decreases in a direction pointing to the transparent region 02 along the pixel region 01.
In this embodiment, the first electrode layers 13 are arranged in parallel, the second electrode layers 21 are arranged obliquely, and the closer to the center position of the pixel region 01, the larger the distance between the second electrode layers 21 and the first electrode layers 13 is, the closer to the transparent region 02, the smaller the distance between the second electrode layers 21 and the first electrode layers 13 is, so that after the high-angle light emitted by the light emitting functional layer 14 enters the light guide structure at a certain incident angle, after at least one reflection in the light guide structure, the light can be emitted from the light guide structure at an emission angle smaller than the incident angle, and further after passing through other transparent film layers of the transparent display panel, the light is emitted from the transparent region on the back of the transparent display panel. In this embodiment, the exit angle of the light exiting from the back of the transparent display panel is more convergent, so that more light reaches the transparent region and the backlight emits more light and is more condensed.
Optionally, the angle α between the second electrode layer 21 and the first electrode layer 13 is greater than 0 ° and less than or equal to 30 °.
In practical application, the included angle α between the second electrode layer 21 and the first electrode layer 13 can be set smaller, so that the light guide structure has a sufficient reflection path, and large-angle light emitted by the light emitting functional layer 14 can be emitted at a suitable angle, so as to meet a certain light-emitting rate requirement, and the back display effect is better.
Optionally, referring to fig. 3, the touch substrate 200 may further include a slope structure 22, an included angle is formed between a slope of the slope structure 22 and the first electrode layer 13, a height of the slope structure 22 is gradually reduced in a direction pointing to the transparent region 02 along the pixel region 01, and the second electrode layer 21 is disposed on the slope of the slope structure 22.
Wherein, the closer to the central position of the pixel region 01, the greater the slope height of the slope structure 22, and the closer to the transparent region 02, the smaller the slope height of the slope structure 22, and the second electrode layer 21 may be disposed on the slope of the slope structure 22, thereby implementing the oblique disposition.
In practical applications, the slope structure 22 may be made of an organic or inorganic insulating material.
In the second embodiment, the path of the light in the light guide structure is shown in fig. 4, where α is the angle between the second electrode layer 21 and the first electrode layer 13. Referring to fig. 4, the light emitted from the light-emitting functional layer 14 enters the light guide structure at an incident angle β, and according to the geometric relationship in fig. 4, the incident angle of the light decreases by α after every reflection in the light guide structure, and if a light beam exits from the light guide structure in the direction of the back surface of the transparent display panel after N reflections, the exit angle of the light beam is (β -N α). For example, in fig. 4, the light ray exits from the light guide structure after 5 reflections, and the exit angle is (β -5 α).
Between the (2n +1) th reflection and the (2n +2) th reflection, i.e. between the odd-numbered reflection and the subsequent adjacent even-numbered reflection, the light ray passes through the light guiding structure with a lateral distance L2n+1Between the (2n +2) th reflection and the (2n +3) th reflection, i.e. between the even number of reflections and the subsequent adjacent odd number of reflections, the light ray passes through the light guiding structure with a lateral distance L2n+2Wherein L is2n+1And L2n+2Respectively satisfy the following formulas:
wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 0, and k is an integer. It should be noted that the above-mentioned lateral distance is a distance in a direction perpendicular to the lamination direction of the transparent display panel.
The effective length L of the light guiding structure then satisfies the following formula:
in practical application, after the light rays at different angles are reflected for multiple times in the light guide structure, there is a high possibility that a part of the light rays cannot be emitted from the side of the light guide structure close to the transparent region 02, and therefore, the critical condition can be calculated to obtain the critical value of the effective length of the light guide structure.
Assuming that the first position a of the light-emitting functional layer 14 closest to the second electrode layer 21 emits a light ray, the light ray is reflected by the light guiding structure N times, and the emergent light angle is (β -N α). According to the reversible principle of the light path, when the light path is set to be (beta-Nalpha) larger than or equal to alpha, all the light emitted by the pixel can not move backwards in the light guide structure.
Referring to fig. 5, when the exit angle of the light ray after the last reflection is α, the exit light ray is just perpendicular to the first layer of the light guiding structure (i.e. the first electrode layer 13). The effective length L of the light guide structure is the maximum value at the moment, and the effective length L is the maximum value according to the L2n+1And L2n+2The effective length L of the light guide structure can be calculated by the satisfied formula, and the actual design value of the light guide structure is smaller than the value L. Referring to fig. 4 and 5, in practical applications, the length of the first electrode layer 13 is smaller than the length of the second electrode layer 21, so the length of the first electrode layer 13 determines the effective length of the light guide structure, and the effective length of the light guide structure can be obtained by determining the length of the first electrode layer 13. It should be noted that, the length is a schematic cross-sectional view of the transparent display panel, and in an actual structure, the length of a structure is the difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the structure.
Accordingly, in a specific application, optionally, a difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the first electrode layer 13 is smaller than a preset value S, and the preset value S satisfies the following formula:
in the above formula, n is an integer greater than or equal to 0; α is an included angle between the second electrode layer 21 and the first electrode layer 13; when the light-emitting functional layer 14 emits target light from a first position A closest to the second electrode layer 21 at an exit angle of m alpha, the target light just reaches a second position B of the second electrode layer 21 closest to the light-emitting functional layer 14, and after being reflected for (m-1) times in the light guide structure, the target light just exits from the edge of the first electrode layer 13 perpendicularly to the first electrode layer 13, the difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the first electrode layer 13 is a preset value S; in the lamination direction of the transparent display panel, the distance between the second position B and the plane where the first electrode layer 13 is close to the second electrode layer 21 is H.
That is to say, the above-mentioned preset value S is that, in a critical condition, the difference between the maximum effective length of the light guide structure and the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the first electrode layer 13 is designed according to a standard smaller than the preset value S, so that the light emitted by the light emitting functional layer 14 does not go backwards in the light guide structure, and thus, the light emitting rate of the back surface of the transparent display panel can be improved.
For example, referring to fig. 5, the second electrode layer 21 is inclined at an angle α of 5 °, the pixel proximal emergent ray angle is 8 α of 40 °, and after 7 reflections in the light guide structure, the emergent ray angle is α, and the emergent ray is just perpendicular to the first electrode layer 13. Wherein S is S1+S2+S3+S4+S5+S6+S7＝L1+L2+L3+L4+L5+L6+L72.03H, wherein L70. That is, the difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the first electrode layer 13 needs to be less than 2.03H to ensure that light is not incident on the light guide junctionConstruct the converse.
It should be noted that, when n is 1, the value of the term with the continuous multiplication sign in the above formula is 1.
In addition, optionally, an orthographic projection of the first electrode layer 13 on the substrate 11 is a first orthographic projection, an orthographic projection of the second electrode layer 21 on the substrate 11 is a second orthographic projection, and a side of the second orthographic projection close to the transparent area 02 exceeds the first orthographic projection.
Further optionally, the length of the side of the second orthographic projection close to the transparent area 02 beyond the first orthographic projection is greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 20 μm.
In practical application, the second orthographic projection is not smaller than the first orthographic projection, and one side of the second orthographic projection, which is close to the transparent area 02, exceeds the first orthographic projection by a certain length, so that the light guide structure can reflect more light rays to the back of the transparent display panel under the condition of not affecting the transparency too much, the display quality of the back is improved, and the front light leakage is reduced.
In addition, optionally, the display substrate 100 further includes a thin film transistor 15 located in the pixel region 01, the joint projection includes an orthogonal projection of the first electrode layer 13 and the second hollow area 131 surrounded by the first electrode layer 13 on the substrate 11, respectively, and the joint projection covers the orthogonal projection of the thin film transistor 15 on the substrate 11.
Referring to fig. 1, in the conventional transparent display panel, since the anode has a certain transmittance, the back light passes through the thin film transistor c and the wire thereof, and therefore the thin film transistor c and the wire thereof need a high transmittance to ensure the back light, and therefore the thin film transistor c and the wire thereof often adopt a transparent conductive material with a large sheet resistance, such as ITO, so that the IR Drop of the transparent display panel is large, and the display is uneven.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the orthographic projection of the first electrode layer 13 and the hollow area surrounded by the first electrode layer on the substrate 11 can cover the orthographic projection of the thin film transistor 15 on the substrate 11, so that the light guide structure can shield the thin film transistor 15 and the wiring thereof located in the pixel area 01, and the light emitted through the back of the light guide structure can be emitted from the transparent area without passing through the thin film transistor 15 and the wiring thereof, so that the thin film transistor c and the wiring thereof do not need to have a high transmittance, and a conductive material with a small square resistance is adopted, thereby reducing the IR Drop of the transparent display panel and avoiding the phenomenon of non-uniform display.
It should be noted that, in the transparent display panel shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the thin film transistor 15 adopts a double-layer SD trace structure, and in practical application, the thin film transistor 15 may also adopt a single-layer SD trace structure, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present invention.
Further, in an optional implementation manner, the touch substrate 200 includes a plurality of touch electrodes, and the plurality of touch electrodes includes the second electrode layer 21. In this implementation, the second layer of the light guide structure may be a touch electrode in the touch substrate 200.
In another alternative implementation, the touch substrate 200 includes a plurality of touch electrodes, and a plurality of bridge electrodes for connecting the touch electrodes, and the plurality of bridge electrodes includes the second electrode layer 21. In this implementation, the second layer of the light guide structure may be a bridge electrode of the touch electrode for connection in the touch substrate 200.
In a specific application, the second electrode layer 21 and the anode layer 12 may be made of the same material, such as ITO, so that the second electrode layer 21 and the anode layer 12 can be prepared by a patterning process, which simplifies the process flow.
Optionally, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the transparent display panel further includes a color film substrate 300, and the touch substrate 200 is located between the display substrate 100 and the color film substrate 300.
The color film substrate 300 includes a color film layer 31 and a black matrix layer 32 in the pixel region 01.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a front display effect of the transparent display panel, and fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a back display effect of the transparent display panel, referring to fig. 6, the front display can be realized by the low-angle light emitted by the light-emitting functional layer 14, the back display can be realized by the high-angle light emitted by the light-emitting functional layer 14, and the microcavity effect between the cathode and the anode is also ensured, so that the color purity of the double-sided display is improved.
In addition, the transparent display panel may further include conventional structures such as a capacitor structure, a planarization layer, a pixel defining layer, and an encapsulation layer, and the light emitting function layer may specifically include conventional structures such as a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting material layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and a cathode layer.
In the embodiment of the invention, the high-reflectivity first electrode layer in the display substrate and the high-reflectivity second electrode layer in the touch substrate can be utilized to form the light guide structure, small-angle light rays emitted by the light emitting functional layer can pass through the first hollow area surrounded by the second electrode layer and exit from the pixel area close to one side of the touch substrate, and large-angle light rays emitted by the light emitting functional layer enter the light guide structure and are guided to the transparent area close to one side of the display substrate to exit after being reflected at least once by the light guide structure, so that double-sided display is realized. In the embodiment of the invention, the anode layer still has high reflectivity, so that the microcavity effect between the cathode and the anode can be ensured while the double-sided display is realized, the outgoing spectrum of the transparent display panel is ensured to have a narrowing effect, and the color purity during the double-sided display is improved.
Example two
Referring to fig. 8, a flowchart illustrating steps of a method for manufacturing a transparent display panel according to a second embodiment of the present invention is shown, where the method includes the following steps:
step 801: forming an anode layer and a first electrode layer on the same layer on a substrate; the substrate comprises a substrate, a first electrode layer and an anode layer are positioned in a pixel area, the first electrode layer and the anode layer are arranged separately, and the anode layer and the first electrode layer have high reflectivity.
Wherein, a substrate 11 may be provided first, and then a thin film transistor 15 and a capacitor structure 16 are prepared in a pixel area 01 on the substrate 11, the thin film transistor 15 includes a first routing layer 17, and in particular, with reference to the related art, a transparent display panel as shown in fig. 9 is obtained. Then, a first planarization layer film layer may be formed and patterned by exposure to realize grooving in the transparent region 02, thereby obtaining the first planarization layer 18. And then, forming an SD film layer, forming a corresponding pattern through exposure and etching to obtain a second wiring layer 19, wherein the second wiring layer 19 is connected with the first wiring layer 17 through a via hole, so that the thin film transistor with the double-layer SD wiring structure is obtained. Of course, in a specific application, the thin film transistor may also be a single layer SD trace structure. Then, a second flat film layer may be formed, and patterned by exposure, and a groove may be formed in the transparent region 02, thereby obtaining the second flat layer 110. Thus, the substrate was obtained as shown in fig. 10.
Referring to fig. 11, the anode layer 12 and the first electrode layer 13 may be made of the same material, so that a material layer may be formed first, and then a patterning process is performed to form a discrete anode layer pattern (i.e., a pixel electrode pattern) and a first electrode layer pattern on the same layer as the pixel region 01 on the substrate, and the anode layer 12 is not electrically connected to the first electrode layer 13. The anode layer 12 is connected to the second routing layer 19 by vias in the second planar layer 110.
Step 802: forming a light emitting functional layer on the anode layer to obtain a display substrate; the orthographic projection of the first electrode layer on the substrate surrounds the orthographic projection of the light-emitting functional layer on the substrate.
Referring to fig. 12, a pixel defining film layer may be formed and patterned by exposure to form a groove in the transparent region 02, thereby obtaining a pixel defining layer 111, and a pixel opening of the pixel defining layer 111 in the pixel region 01 exposes the anode layer 12. In addition, a spacer structure 112 may also be formed on the pixel defining layer 111. Further, a light-emitting functional layer 14 may be obtained by sequentially forming a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light-emitting material layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, a cathode layer, and the like, which are stacked on the anode layer 12 in the pixel opening, wherein the cathode layer is formed by making a hole in the transparent region 02.
After the light emitting function layer 14 is formed, an encapsulation layer 113 may be prepared, thereby obtaining the display substrate 100.
Step 803: forming a second electrode layer on the display substrate to obtain a touch substrate; the second electrode layer is positioned in the pixel region, the orthographic projection of the second electrode layer on the substrate surrounds the orthographic projection of the light-emitting function layer on the substrate, the orthographic projection of the second electrode layer on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the first electrode layer on the substrate are overlapped, and the second electrode layer has high reflectivity; the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer form a light guide structure; and part of light emitted by the light-emitting functional layer passes through the first hollow area surrounded by the second electrode layer and is emitted from the pixel area close to one side of the touch substrate, the other part of light emitted by the light-emitting functional layer passes through the light guide structure and is emitted from the transparent area close to one side of the display substrate, and the transparent area is positioned between the pixel areas.
Referring to fig. 13, after obtaining the display substrate 100, a touch substrate 200 may be prepared thereon, wherein the second electrode layer 21 may specifically be a touch electrode or a bridge electrode on the touch substrate 200, and the second electrode layer 21 may be disposed in parallel with the first electrode layer 13.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the first electrode layer 13 and the second electrode layer 21 may form a light guide structure, the small-angle light emitted from the light-emitting functional layer 14 is not shielded by the light guide structure, and is emitted from the pixel region 01 on the front side for front display, and the large-angle light emitted from the light-emitting functional layer 14 is guided to the transparent region 02 through the light guide structure and is emitted from the back side for back display.
For the preparation of other conventional structures on the touch substrate 200, reference may be made to related technologies, and the embodiments of the present invention are not described herein again.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 14, before forming the second electrode layer on the display substrate, the method may further include:
forming a slope structure 22 on the display substrate 100 through a gray-tone mask; the inclined plane of the inclined plane structure 222 and the first electrode layer 13 form an included angle, and the height of the inclined plane structure 11 gradually decreases in a direction pointing to the transparent region 02 along the pixel region 01.
Accordingly, referring to fig. 15, forming a second electrode layer on the display substrate includes:
the second electrode layer 21 is formed on the inclined surface of the inclined surface structure 11.
The second electrode layer 21 may be disposed at an angle with respect to the first electrode layer 13.
After the second electrode layer 21 is formed, other conventional structures of the touch substrate 200 may be prepared.
Further, after the touch substrate 200 is prepared, the color film substrate 300 may be continuously prepared on the touch substrate 200, wherein the black matrix layer 32 is located in the pixel area 01, and the color film layer 31 is located in an opening of the black matrix layer 32 in the pixel area 01. For the preparation of other conventional structures on the color film substrate 300, reference may be made to related technologies, and details of embodiments of the present invention are not repeated herein. Thus, the transparent display panel shown in fig. 2 or 3 is obtained.
In the embodiment of the invention, the high-reflectivity first electrode layer in the display substrate and the high-reflectivity second electrode layer in the touch substrate can be utilized to form the light guide structure, small-angle light rays emitted by the light emitting functional layer can pass through the first hollow area surrounded by the second electrode layer and exit from the pixel area close to one side of the touch substrate, and large-angle light rays emitted by the light emitting functional layer enter the light guide structure and are guided to the transparent area close to one side of the display substrate to exit after being reflected at least once by the light guide structure, so that double-sided display is realized. In the embodiment of the invention, the anode layer still has high reflectivity, so that the microcavity effect between the cathode and the anode can be ensured while the double-sided display is realized, the outgoing spectrum of the transparent display panel is ensured to have a narrowing effect, and the color purity during the double-sided display is improved.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a display device which comprises the transparent display panel.
In the embodiment of the invention, the high-reflectivity first electrode layer in the display substrate and the high-reflectivity second electrode layer in the touch substrate can be utilized to form the light guide structure, small-angle light rays emitted by the light emitting functional layer can pass through the first hollow area surrounded by the second electrode layer and exit from the pixel area close to one side of the touch substrate, and large-angle light rays emitted by the light emitting functional layer enter the light guide structure and are guided to the transparent area close to one side of the display substrate to exit after being reflected at least once by the light guide structure, so that double-sided display is realized. In the embodiment of the invention, the anode layer still has high reflectivity, so that the microcavity effect between the cathode and the anode can be ensured while the double-sided display is realized, the outgoing spectrum of the transparent display panel is ensured to have a narrowing effect, and the color purity during the double-sided display is improved.
While, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the foregoing method embodiments have been described as a series of acts or combination of acts, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the illustrated ordering of acts, as some steps may occur in other orders or concurrently with other steps in accordance with the invention. Further, those skilled in the art should also appreciate that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments and that the acts and modules referred to are not necessarily required by the invention.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
Finally, it should also be noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The transparent display panel, the manufacturing method thereof, and the display device provided by the present invention are described in detail above, and the principle and the implementation of the present invention are explained in this document by applying specific examples, and the description of the above examples is only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. A transparent display panel is characterized by comprising a display substrate and a touch substrate which are arranged in a laminated mode, wherein the transparent display panel is divided into pixel areas and transparent areas located between the pixel areas;
the display substrate comprises a substrate, an anode layer, a first electrode layer and a light-emitting functional layer, wherein the anode layer, the first electrode layer and the light-emitting functional layer are positioned in the pixel area; the first electrode layer and the anode layer are arranged on the same layer and are separated, the anode layer and the first electrode layer have high reflectivity, and the orthographic projection of the first electrode layer on the substrate surrounds the orthographic projection of the light-emitting functional layer on the substrate;
the touch substrate comprises a second electrode layer positioned in the pixel area; the orthographic projection of the second electrode layer on the substrate surrounds the orthographic projection of the light-emitting functional layer on the substrate, the orthographic projection of the second electrode layer on the substrate is overlapped with the orthographic projection of the first electrode layer on the substrate, and the second electrode layer has high reflectivity;
the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer form a light guide structure; and a part of light emitted by the light-emitting functional layer passes through the first hollow area surrounded by the second electrode layer and is emitted from the pixel area close to one side of the touch substrate, and the other part of light emitted by the light-emitting functional layer passes through the light guide structure and is emitted from the transparent area close to one side of the display substrate.
2. The transparent display panel of claim 1, wherein the first electrode layer is parallel to the substrate, the second electrode layer and the first electrode layer have an included angle therebetween, and a distance between the second electrode layer and the first electrode layer gradually decreases in a direction along the pixel region toward the transparent region.
3. The transparent display panel of claim 2, wherein an angle between the second electrode layer and the first electrode layer is greater than 0 ° and less than or equal to 30 °.
4. The transparent display panel of claim 2, wherein the touch substrate further comprises an inclined plane structure, an included angle is formed between an inclined plane of the inclined plane structure and the first electrode layer, the height of the inclined plane structure is gradually reduced along a direction from the pixel region to the transparent region, and the second electrode layer is disposed on the inclined plane of the inclined plane structure.
5. The transparent display panel according to claim 2, wherein a difference between an outer diameter and an inner diameter of the first electrode layer is less than a preset value S, the preset value S satisfying the following formula:
wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 0; alpha is an included angle between the second electrode layer and the first electrode layer; emitting target light from a first position, closest to the second electrode layer, of the light-emitting functional layer at an exit angle of m alpha, wherein the target light just reaches a second position, closest to the light-emitting functional layer, of the second electrode layer, and after being reflected for (m-1) times in the light guide structure, the target light just exits perpendicularly to the first electrode layer from the edge of the first electrode layer, and the difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the first electrode layer is the preset value S; in the lamination direction of the transparent display panel, the distance between the second position and the plane where the first electrode layer is close to the second electrode layer is H.
6. The transparent display panel according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode layer is parallel to the substrate, and the second electrode layer is provided in parallel with the first electrode layer.
7. The transparent display panel of claim 1, wherein an orthographic projection of the first electrode layer on the substrate is a first orthographic projection, and an orthographic projection of the second electrode layer on the substrate is a second orthographic projection, and a side of the second orthographic projection near the transparent region exceeds the first orthographic projection.
8. The transparent display panel of claim 7, wherein a length of a side of the second orthographic projection adjacent to the transparent region beyond the first orthographic projection is greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 20 μm.
9. The transparent display panel of claim 1, wherein the display substrate further comprises a thin film transistor located in the pixel region, and the joint projection comprises an orthogonal projection of the first electrode layer and a second hollow region surrounded by the first electrode layer on the substrate, respectively, and the joint projection covers the orthogonal projection of the thin film transistor on the substrate.
10. The transparent display panel of claim 1, wherein the touch substrate comprises a plurality of touch electrodes, and the plurality of touch electrodes comprises the second electrode layer.
11. The transparent display panel according to claim 1, wherein the touch substrate comprises a plurality of touch electrodes and a plurality of bridge electrodes for connecting the touch electrodes, and the plurality of bridge electrodes comprise the second electrode layer.
12. The transparent display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising a color film substrate, wherein the touch substrate is located between the display substrate and the color film substrate.
13. A method for manufacturing a transparent display panel, comprising:
forming an anode layer and a first electrode layer on the same layer on a substrate; the substrate comprises a substrate, the first electrode layer and the anode layer are positioned in a pixel region, the first electrode layer and the anode layer are separately arranged, and the anode layer and the first electrode layer have high reflectivity;
forming a light emitting functional layer on the anode layer to obtain a display substrate; an orthographic projection of the first electrode layer on the substrate surrounds an orthographic projection of the light-emitting functional layer on the substrate;
forming a second electrode layer on the display substrate to obtain a touch substrate; the second electrode layer is positioned in the pixel region, an orthographic projection of the second electrode layer on the substrate surrounds an orthographic projection of the light-emitting functional layer on the substrate, an overlap exists between the orthographic projection of the second electrode layer on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the first electrode layer on the substrate, and the second electrode layer has high reflectivity;
the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer form a light guide structure; and a part of light emitted by the light-emitting functional layer passes through the first hollow area surrounded by the second electrode layer and is emitted from the pixel area close to one side of the touch substrate, and the other part of light emitted by the light-emitting functional layer passes through the light guide structure and is emitted from the transparent area close to one side of the display substrate, wherein the transparent area is positioned between the pixel areas.
14. The method of claim 13, further comprising, prior to forming the second electrode layer on the display substrate:
forming a slope structure on the display substrate through a gray-tone mask; a certain included angle is formed between the inclined plane of the inclined plane structure and the first electrode layer, and the height of the inclined plane structure is gradually reduced in the direction pointing to the transparent area along the pixel area;
the forming a second electrode layer on the display substrate includes:
and forming a second electrode layer on the inclined surface of the inclined surface structure.
15. A display device comprising the transparent display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
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| CN117202734A (en) * | 2023-11-07 | 2023-12-08 | 惠科股份有限公司 | Peep-proof display panel and display device |
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