CN113687409B - Shock excitation device for shallow sea area seismic exploration and use method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of seismic exploration, in particular to a shock excitation device for shallow sea area seismic exploration and a using method thereof. The device is dragged by a traction ship, the depth of the device per se relative to the sea surface is adjustable, the relative depth of each air gun is adjustable, a three-dimensional air gun array is adopted, the defect that the seismic frequency band is narrow in the prior art is overcome, low-frequency energy is improved, and a seismic source has stronger penetrating power, so that the quality of data collected by a submarine seismograph (OBS) is improved, and in addition, the device per se does not need to drag the ship to provide electric energy, and is safe and energy-saving.

Description

Shock excitation device for shallow sea area seismic exploration and use method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of seismic exploration, in particular to a shock excitation device for shallow sea seismic exploration and a using method thereof.

Background

Seismic exploration refers to a geophysical exploration method for deducing the properties and forms of underground rock strata by observing and analyzing the propagation rule of seismic waves generated by artificial earthquake in the underground by utilizing the difference between the elasticity and the density of underground media caused by artificial excitation. Seismic exploration is the most important method in geophysical exploration and is the most effective method for solving the problem of oil and gas exploration. It is an important means for surveying petroleum and natural gas resources before drilling, and is widely applied to the aspects of coal field and engineering geological exploration, regional geological research, crust research and the like. In shallow sea areas, multiple medium-and small-capacity air guns are often combined into an array seismic source in a coherent mode, however, the seismic waves excited by the medium-and small-capacity air guns have high main frequency and weak energy of a low-frequency part, and a conventional combination mode plays a role in suppressing low-frequency energy, so that the air gun array cannot mechanically reflect the conventional combination and excitation mode, and must be improved, the low-frequency output energy is improved, and the far-field wavelet spectrum characteristic is improved. In addition, the water depth of the south yellow sea and the Bohai sea in the northern sea area of China is only 15-40 m, and 2000psi high-pressure gas instantaneously released by the air gun causes seabed silt to rise and enter the air gun bore along with the contraction of bubbles, so that the fault rate of the air gun is greatly increased, and the low working efficiency and the cost of data acquisition are caused.

Chinese patent CN112526593A discloses a variable excitation volume BOLT type air gun device, air gun array device and exploration system, the air gun device includes an air gun solenoid valve, an air gun main body and an air chamber; the air gun main body is respectively connected with an air gun electromagnetic valve and an air chamber; the air gun main body is used for storing the received high-pressure air into the air chamber; the air gun electromagnetic valve is used for controlling the air gun main body to release high-pressure air stored in the air chamber through the air exhaust hole after receiving a preset electric signal, forming bubble oscillation in water and transmitting acoustic pulse to all directions; the air chamber also comprises a variable volume reduction block which is used for adjusting the volume of the air cavity in the air chamber. The exploration system in the scheme comprises an exploration ship, a plurality of towing cables, a plurality of cannon cables and an air gun array device, wherein an air gun array floating body floats on the sea surface, the air gun array device is located below the sea surface and has the same depth penetrating into the sea surface, the gun array is a plane air gun array, a plurality of air guns are simultaneously blasted, low-frequency energy is suppressed, and the quality of OBS data is reduced.

Chinese patent CN106405630A discloses a shock excitation device and method for shallow sea seismic exploration, which is connected with a towing vessel on the sea in the form of a towing line. The location of the seismic source in the sea is to some extent related to the location towed by the tow vessel. A shock excitation device and a method for shallow sea area seismic exploration mainly comprise a seismic source state detection system, a spatial position control system, an air gun array shock excitation control system and a shock excitation device operation method, wherein the spatial position control system of the device is composed of a plurality of steam turbines, the steam turbines are powered by a towing ship, therefore, a cable needs to be arranged between the towing ship and the shock excitation device, the cable is immersed in seawater, the cable has the risk of electric leakage due to the erosion effect of the seawater, the electric leakage accident is easy to occur, when the air guns are used for blasting, the air guns generate reaction force on the device, the whole device is easy to incline, and the later-stage adjustment on the device form is difficult. In view of the above problems in the prior art, there is a need for a shock excitation device for shallow sea seismic exploration and a method for using the same.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a shock excitation device for shallow sea area seismic exploration and a using method thereof, and aims to solve the problems. The device does not need to drag a ship to provide electric energy, and is safe and energy-saving.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the utility model provides a shock excitation device for shallow sea area seismic exploration, includes the casing, casing limit portion rigid coupling has a plurality of power components, the power component transmission is connected with the electricity generation subassembly, electricity generation subassembly electric connection has the controller, the inside rigid coupling of casing has the subassembly of diving, casing bottom rigid coupling has a plurality of linear motion subassemblies, linear motion subassembly sliding connection has the air gun subassembly, the controller with the subassembly of diving with linear motion subassembly electric connection.

Preferably, the power assembly comprises a plurality of first supports, the first supports are fixedly connected with the shell, the first supports are far away from one side of the shell, a first rotating shaft is rotatably connected to one side of the shell, the first rotating shaft is parallel to the central axis of the shell, the first rotating shaft is connected with a plurality of fan blades, and the first rotating shaft is in transmission connection with the power generation assembly.

Preferably, the electricity generation subassembly includes the third pivot, the third pivot with casing bottom surface middle part rotates to be connected, the third pivot perpendicular to casing bottom surface, third pivot coupling has the rotor, the rotor is ring magnet, the rotor outside is equipped with the stator, the stator with casing top surface rigid coupling, the stator with the coaxial setting of rotor, the winding of stator inner wall has the enameled wire, the stator has the battery through rectifier electric connection, the battery with controller electric connection, the third pivot with first pivot transmission is connected.

Preferably, a plurality of second supports are fixedly connected to the middle of the bottom surface of the shell, a second rotating shaft is rotatably connected to one side, away from the bottom surface of the shell, of each second support, and the second rotating shaft is perpendicular to the first rotating shaft;

one end of the first rotating shaft, which is close to the second rotating shaft, is in shaft connection with a bevel gear, two ends of the second rotating shaft are in shaft connection with the bevel gear, and the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are in meshing connection through the bevel gear;

the bevel gear is connected to the middle of the third rotating shaft in a shaft coupling mode, and the second rotating shaft and the third rotating shaft are connected in a meshing mode through the bevel gear.

Preferably, the submergence module comprises symmetrically arranged water tanks, the water tanks are fixedly connected with the bottom surface inside the shell, a gas cylinder is arranged between the two water tanks, the gas cylinder is fixedly connected with the bottom surface inside the shell, the gas cylinder is respectively communicated with the two water tanks through guide pipes, the middle parts of the guide pipes are communicated with electromagnetic valves, the top and the bottom of each water tank are respectively communicated with the outside of the shell through the electromagnetic valves, and the electromagnetic valves are electrically connected with the controller.

Preferably, the linear motion assembly comprises a plurality of guide rods, one end of each guide rod is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the shell, the other end of each guide rod is fixedly connected with a check ring, the guide rods are circumferentially arranged along the check rings and are perpendicular to the bottom surface of the shell, and the guide rods are slidably connected with the air gun assembly.

Preferably, the air gun assembly comprises an air gun, the air gun is located between the bottom surface of the shell and the retainer ring, the upper end and the lower end of the air gun are respectively and fixedly connected with a guide disc, a plurality of semicircular openings are formed in the edge portion of the guide disc, the positions of the semicircular openings correspond to the positions of the guide rods, the semicircular openings are in sliding connection with the guide rods, and a power portion is arranged between the air gun and the bottom surface of the shell.

Preferably, the power part comprises a push rod motor, and two ends of the push rod motor are respectively fixedly connected with the air gun and the shell.

Preferably, the cross section of the shell is of an elliptical structure, the front end of the shell is of a conical structure, and the front end of the shell is fixedly connected with a hanging ring.

A method for using a shock excitation device for shallow sea area seismic exploration is applied to the shock excitation device for shallow sea area seismic exploration and comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: respectively connecting a cable of a towing ship with a plurality of shock excitation devices for shallow sea seismic exploration, and communicating a high-pressure gas pipeline of the towing ship with the gas gun assembly;

step two: the submergence component is adjusted through the controller, so that a plurality of shock excitation devices for shallow sea area seismic exploration submerge, and a specific depth below the sea surface is kept;

step three: the controller is used for adjusting the linear motion assembly, the linear motion assembly drives the air gun assembly to move away from the sea surface, and the depth of each air gun assembly is adjusted according to detection requirements;

step four: simultaneously blasting each air gun assembly to generate bubble vibration pulses;

step five: after exploration is finished, the linear motion assemblies are adjusted through the controller, the air gun assemblies are reset, seawater in the submergence assembly is discharged through adjusting the controller, and the shell floats out of the sea surface.

The invention has the following technical effects: the shock excitation device for shallow sea area seismic exploration is towed by a towing ship to navigate in shallow sea, seawater has an impact effect on a power assembly, the impact force of the seawater works the power assembly, the power assembly converts the work done by the seawater impact force into mechanical energy, a power generation assembly converts the mechanical energy into electric energy and stores the electric energy for supplying power to electric appliances inside the device, a submergence assembly can adjust the gravity of the device, the upward floating and the submergence of the device are controlled by changing the gravity, a linear motion assembly is used for adjusting the distance between an air gun assembly and a shell, so that the air gun assembly of the invention is positioned at different depths, the air gun assembly can release high-pressure gas to form bubble shock pulses to be spread in water in a spherical form, and the conventional air gun assembly evades the pressing effect of a low-frequency energy combination mode due to different relative depths of the air gun assemblies, the shortcoming of narrow seismic frequency band in the prior art is overcome, low-frequency energy is improved, the seismic source has stronger penetrating power, and the quality of OBS data is effectively improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the external structure of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a partial structural view of example 2;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion A of FIG. 4;

wherein, 1, a shell; 2. a fan blade; 3. a first rotating shaft; 4. a bevel gear; 5. a second rotating shaft; 6. a guard assembly; 7. a stator; 8. a battery; 9. a water tank; 10. an electromagnetic valve; 11. a gas cylinder; 12. a guide bar; 13. a push rod motor; 14. an air gun; 15. a guide plate; 16. a third rotating shaft; 17. a hoisting ring; 18. a retainer ring; 19. a rotor; 601. a gear; 602. a baffle plate; 603. a rack; 604. connecting sleeves; 605. a spring; 606. and (3) a bracket.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description thereof.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1-3, this embodiment is a shock excitation device for shallow sea seismic exploration, including casing 1, 1 limit portion rigid coupling of casing has a plurality of power components, and the power component transmission is connected with the power generation subassembly, and power generation subassembly electric connection has a controller (not drawn in the figure), and the inside rigid coupling of casing 1 has the subassembly of diving, and 1 bottom rigid coupling of casing has a plurality of linear motion subassemblies, and linear motion subassembly sliding connection has the air gun subassembly, controller and subassembly and linear motion subassembly electric connection of diving.

The shock excitation device for shallow sea area seismic exploration is towed by a towing ship to navigate in shallow sea, seawater has an impact effect on a power assembly, the impact force of the seawater works the power assembly, the power assembly converts the work done by the impact force of the seawater into mechanical energy, a power generation assembly converts the mechanical energy into electric energy and stores the electric energy for supplying power to electric appliances inside the device, a submergence assembly can adjust the gravity of the device, the upward floating and the submergence of the device are controlled by changing the gravity, a linear motion assembly is used for adjusting the distance between an air gun assembly and a shell 1, so that the air gun assembly is positioned at different depths, high-pressure gas can be released by the air gun assembly to form bubble oscillation pulses which are transmitted in the water in a spherical form, the energy is transmitted to the periphery and is reflected by an underground interface to be received by a wave detector in the shallow sea and the vibration transmitted from the periphery, and forming a seismic record, and performing subsequent processing by using the seismic record so as to analyze the condition of the underground medium. Because the relative depths of the air gun components are different, the pressing effect of the conventional air gun component combination mode on low-frequency energy is avoided, and the quality of data collected by the ocean bottom seismograph is effectively improved.

Further optimize the scheme, power component includes a plurality of first supports 20, first support 20 and 1 rigid coupling of casing, and first support 20 keeps away from 1 one side of casing and rotates and be connected with first pivot 3, and first pivot 3 is parallel with 1 axis of casing, and 3 hub connections of first pivot have a plurality of flabellum 2, and first pivot 3 is connected with the transmission of electricity generation subassembly.

The preferred 8 of the quantity of first support 20, 4 on every side of casing 1, every 2 first supports 20 rotate jointly and connect a first pivot 3, and when this device was sailed at shallow sea, the sea water impacted flabellum 2, and flabellum 2 rotated around self axis, and flabellum 2 drives first pivot 3 and rotates to the work that the sea water was done to flabellum 2 converts mechanical energy into.

Further optimize the scheme, the power generation assembly includes a third rotating shaft 16, the third rotating shaft 16 is rotatably connected with the middle of the bottom surface of the shell 1, the third rotating shaft 16 is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the shell 1, the third rotating shaft 16 is coupled with a rotor 19, the rotor 19 is a ring magnet, a stator 7 is arranged on the outer side of the rotor 19, the stator 7 is fixedly connected with the top surface of the shell 1, the stator 7 and the rotor 19 are coaxially arranged, an enameled wire is wound on the inner wall of the stator 7, the stator 7 is electrically connected with a battery 8 through a rectifier, the battery 8 is electrically connected with a controller, and the third rotating shaft 16 is in transmission connection with the first rotating shaft 3. The third rotating shaft 16 plays a certain supporting role for the rotor 19, the rotor 19 is indirectly driven through the first rotating shaft 3, the magnetic induction wire of the rotor 19 and the enameled wire in the stator 7 do cutting motion in the rotating process, electric energy is generated in the enameled wire in the stator 7 and stored in the battery 8 and used for supplying power to electric appliances in the device, the traditional mode that a cable is led out from a traction boat for supplying power is replaced, and the effects of safety and energy saving are achieved; the rotor 19 has the same principle as a gyroscope in the rotation process due to the self rotation effect, and plays a role in stabilizing the shell 1, and when the shell 1 generates a side turning trend, the rotor 19 plays a role in rectification.

According to a further optimized scheme, a plurality of second supports 21 are fixedly connected to the middle of the bottom surface of the shell 1, one side, far away from the bottom surface of the shell 1, of each second support 21 is rotatably connected with a second rotating shaft 5, and each second rotating shaft 5 is perpendicular to the first rotating shaft 3;

one end of the first rotating shaft 3, which is close to the second rotating shaft 5, is coupled with a bevel gear 4, two ends of the second rotating shaft 5 are coupled with the bevel gear 4, and the first rotating shaft 3 and the second rotating shaft 5 are meshed and connected through the bevel gear 4;

the middle part of the third rotating shaft 16 is coupled with a bevel gear 4, and the second rotating shaft 5 and the third rotating shaft 16 are meshed and connected through the bevel gear 4.

The first rotating shaft 3 drives the bevel gear 4 to rotate, the bevel gear 4 on the first rotating shaft 3 is meshed with the bevel gear 4 on the second rotating shaft 5, the first rotating shaft 3 transmits power to the second rotating shaft 5, the bevel gear 4 at the other end of the second rotating shaft 5 is meshed with the bevel gear 4 in the middle of the third rotating shaft 16, the second rotating shaft 5 transmits power to the third rotating shaft 16, the third rotating shaft 16 is fixedly connected with the rotor 19, and the third rotating shaft 16 drives the rotor 19 to rotate.

Further optimization scheme, the subassembly of diving is including the water tank 9 that the symmetry set up, and water tank 9 and the inside bottom surface rigid coupling of casing 1 are equipped with gas cylinder 11 between two water tanks 9, and gas cylinder 11 and the inside bottom surface rigid coupling of casing 1, gas cylinder 11 pass through the pipe respectively with two water tank 9 intercommunications, and pipe middle part intercommunication has solenoid valve 10, and solenoid valve 10 and controller electric connection are passed through respectively to water tank 9 top and bottom with the outside intercommunication of casing 1 through solenoid valve 10. When the device needs to dive, the controller controls the electromagnetic valves 10 above and below the water tank 9 to be opened, seawater enters the water tank 9 from the electromagnetic valve 10 below, air in the water tank 9 is discharged from the electromagnetic valve 10 above, and when the gravity of the whole device is larger than the buoyancy, the device dives; when the device needs to float, the controller controls the electromagnetic valve 10 above the water tank 9 to be closed, the electromagnetic valve 10 below the water tank 9 to be opened, the electromagnetic valve 10 between the water tank 9 and the air bottle 11 to be opened, the air bottle 11 flushes air into the water tank 9, seawater in the water tank 9 is discharged from the electromagnetic valve 10 below the water tank 9, the integral gravity of the device is reduced, and when the gravity is smaller than the buoyancy, the device floats.

Further optimization scheme, the linear motion subassembly includes a plurality of guide bars 12, and guide bar 12 one end and 1 bottom surface rigid coupling of casing, guide bar 12 other end rigid coupling have retaining ring 18, and a plurality of guide bars 12 set up along retaining ring 18 circumference, and guide bar 12 is perpendicular with 1 bottom surface of casing, guide bar 12 and air gun subassembly sliding connection. The number of the linear motion assemblies is preferably 4, the number of the guide rods 12 is preferably 4, the air gun assemblies slide on the edge portions of the guide rods 12, and the air gun assemblies are prevented from falling off due to the limiting effect of the retainer rings 18.

Further optimization scheme, the air gun subassembly includes air gun 14, and air gun 14 is located between 1 bottom surface of casing and retaining ring 18, and air gun 14 upper end and lower extreme rigid coupling have guide disc 15 respectively, and a plurality of semi-circular openings have been seted up to guide disc 15 limit portion, and semi-circular opening position corresponds with guide bar 12 position, and semi-circular opening and guide bar 12 sliding connection are equipped with power portion between air gun 14 and the 1 bottom surface of casing. The air gun 14 is connected with a high-pressure air chamber of the towing ship through a pipeline, and the air gun 14 can instantly release high-pressure air to form bubble oscillation pulses. The power unit controls the elevation of the air gun 14.

Further optimize the scheme, the power part includes push rod motor 13, and the both ends of push rod motor 13 are respectively with air gun 14 and casing 1 rigid coupling. The motor part of the push rod motor 13 is subjected to waterproof treatment and can adopt a plastic package mode or be externally provided with a protective cover.

According to the further optimized scheme, the cross section of the shell 1 is of an elliptical structure, the front end of the shell 1 is of a conical structure, and the front end of the shell 1 is fixedly connected with a hanging ring 17. The casing 1 is streamline overall, reduces the resistance between sea water and the casing 1, and rings 17 are used for fixed traction cable.

A method for using a shock excitation device for shallow sea area seismic exploration is applied to the shock excitation device for shallow sea area seismic exploration and comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: respectively connecting a cable of a towing ship with a plurality of lifting rings 17 of a shock excitation device for shallow sea area seismic exploration, and connecting a high-pressure gas pipeline of the towing ship with a gas gun 14, wherein the pressure of high-pressure gas is 1800 psi;

step two: the controller controls the electromagnetic valves 10 above and below the water tank 9 to be opened, seawater enters the water tank 9 from the electromagnetic valve 10 below, air in the water tank 9 is discharged from the electromagnetic valve 10 above, and when the gravity of the whole device is greater than the buoyancy, the device submerges and keeps the depth of 7m below the sea surface;

step three: the push rod motor 13 is adjusted by the controller, so that the air gun 14 is positioned at different depths below the shell 1, the depth values are respectively 1.5m, 2m, 2.5m and 2m (depth relative to the shell), and 4 air guns 14 are selected from 1500in³Bolt air gun of (1);

step four: each air gun 14 is fired simultaneously.

Step five: the air guns 14 are retracted, and the seawater in the water tank 9 is discharged through adjusting the controller, so that the shell 1 floats out of the sea.

In the prior art, a plane air gun array combination is adopted, and the plane air gun array combination can form a strong trap effect because each air gun is positioned on the same horizontal plane, the virtual reflection amplitude is higher than the initial peak value, and the strong trap effect is formed, so that the plane air gun array combination has the advantages of narrow frequency band, relatively low-frequency band energy, more sawtooth-shaped notches of frequency spectrum curve, weak output energy, small penetration depth and incapability of meeting the OBS detection requirement of the deep part of a shallow water area. In the three-dimensional air gun array seismic source, due to different sinking depths of the air guns, sea level virtual reflections are dispersed and superposed, the amplitude of the virtual reflection is lower than the initial peak value, and the virtual reflection of the shock excitation device with four groups of the embodiments is the lowest; compared with a plane air gun array seismic source, the wavelet spectrum curve of the stereo air gun array is relatively smooth, the energy of a low-frequency band is strong, the frequency band is wide, and the requirements of OBS detection of the deep part of a shallow water area are met.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 4-5, the embodiment is different from embodiment 1 only in that a protective component 6 is fixedly connected to an outlet end of the air gun 14, the protective component 6 includes a support 606, the support 606 is sleeved on a side wall of the outlet end of the air gun 14, a gear 601 is rotatably connected to a bottom of the support 606, an axis of the gear 601 is perpendicular to an axis of the outlet end of the air gun 14, a baffle 602 is fixedly connected to an edge of the gear 601, an axis of the gear 601 is perpendicular to an axis of the baffle 602, an axis of the baffle 602 coincides with an axis of the outlet end of the air gun 14, an area of the baffle 602 is larger than an area of an outlet end of the air gun 14, a side of the gear 601 far from the baffle 602 is engaged with a rack 603, one end of the rack 603 far from the gear 601 is slidably connected with a connecting sleeve 604, and one end of the connecting sleeve 604 far from the rack 603 is fixedly connected with the guide disc 15;

the connecting sleeve 604 is hollow, a spring 605 is arranged in the connecting sleeve 604, two ends of the spring 605 are abutted to the rack 603 and the guide disc 15, a plurality of sliding grooves are formed in the side wall of the connecting sleeve 604, the sliding grooves are arranged along the axis direction of the connecting sleeve 604, one end, far away from the gear 601, of the rack 603 is fixedly connected with a guide block, and the guide block is in sliding connection with the sliding grooves.

The working process of the protective component 6 of the embodiment is as follows: before air gun 14 blasts, because the elastic force effect of spring 605, baffle 602 and air gun 14 exit end laminating prevent inside filths such as silt from getting into air gun 14, when air gun 14 blasts, gaseous impact force pushes baffle 602 open, baffle 602 drives gear 601 and rotates, gear 601 drives rack 603 rebound, rack 603 compresses spring 605, after the blast finishes, under the effect of spring 605 elastic force, baffle 602 resets, cover air gun 14 exit end again, prevent that the silt that the bubble arouses from getting into the gun intraductal.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.

Claims (7)

1. A shock excitation device for shallow sea seismic exploration is characterized in that: the submersible air gun comprises a shell (1), wherein a plurality of power assemblies are fixedly connected to the edge of the shell (1), the power assemblies are in transmission connection with power generation assemblies, the power generation assemblies are electrically connected with a controller, a submergence assembly is fixedly connected to the inside of the shell (1), a plurality of linear motion assemblies are fixedly connected to the bottom of the shell (1), the linear motion assemblies are connected with an air gun assembly in a sliding mode, and the controller is electrically connected with the submergence assembly and the linear motion assemblies;

the power assembly comprises a plurality of first supports (20), the first supports (20) are fixedly connected with the shell (1), one side, far away from the shell (1), of each first support (20) is rotatably connected with a first rotating shaft (3), the first rotating shafts (3) are parallel to the central axis of the shell (1), the first rotating shafts (3) are connected with a plurality of fan blades (2) in a shaft coupling mode, and the first rotating shafts (3) are in transmission connection with the power generation assembly;

the power generation assembly comprises a third rotating shaft (16), the third rotating shaft (16) is rotatably connected with the middle of the bottom surface of the shell (1), the third rotating shaft (16) is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the shell (1), a rotor (19) is coupled to the third rotating shaft (16) in a shaft connection mode, the rotor (19) is an annular magnet, a stator (7) is arranged on the outer side of the rotor (19), the stator (7) is fixedly connected with the top surface of the shell (1), the stator (7) and the rotor (19) are coaxially arranged, an enameled wire is wound on the inner wall of the stator (7), the stator (7) is electrically connected with a battery (8) through a rectifier, the battery (8) is electrically connected with the controller, and the third rotating shaft (16) is in transmission connection with the first rotating shaft (3);

a plurality of second supports (21) are fixedly connected to the middle of the bottom surface of the shell (1), one side, far away from the bottom surface of the shell (1), of each second support (21) is rotatably connected with a second rotating shaft (5), and each second rotating shaft (5) is perpendicular to the corresponding first rotating shaft (3);

one end of the first rotating shaft (3), which is close to the second rotating shaft (5), is in shaft connection with a bevel gear (4), two ends of the second rotating shaft (5) are in shaft connection with the bevel gear (4), and the first rotating shaft (3) and the second rotating shaft (5) are in meshing connection through the bevel gear (4);

the bevel gear (4) is connected to the middle of the third rotating shaft (16) in a shaft coupling mode, and the second rotating shaft (5) is in meshed connection with the third rotating shaft (16) through the bevel gear (4).

2. A seismic excitation device for shallow sea seismic exploration, according to claim 1, wherein: the submergence component comprises water tanks (9) symmetrically arranged, the water tanks (9) are fixedly connected with the inner bottom surface of the shell (1) and are provided with gas cylinders (11) between the water tanks (9), the gas cylinders (11) are fixedly connected with the inner bottom surface of the shell (1), the gas cylinders (11) are respectively communicated with the water tanks (9) through pipes, the middle parts of the pipes are communicated with electromagnetic valves (10), the top and the bottom of each water tank (9) are respectively communicated with the outer part of the shell (1) through the electromagnetic valves (10), and the electromagnetic valves (10) are electrically connected with the controller.

3. A seismic excitation device for shallow sea seismic exploration, according to claim 1, wherein: the linear motion subassembly includes a plurality of guide bars (12), guide bar (12) one end with casing (1) bottom surface rigid coupling, guide bar (12) other end rigid coupling has retaining ring (18), and is a plurality of guide bar (12) are followed retaining ring (18) circumference sets up, guide bar (12) with casing (1) bottom surface is perpendicular, guide bar (12) with air gun subassembly sliding connection.

4. A seismic excitation device for shallow sea seismic exploration, according to claim 3, wherein: the air gun assembly comprises an air gun (14), the air gun (14) is located on the bottom surface of the shell (1) and between the retainer rings (18), the upper end and the lower end of the air gun (14) are fixedly connected with guide discs (15) respectively, a plurality of semicircular openings are formed in the edge portions of the guide discs (15), the semicircular opening positions correspond to the positions of the guide rods (12), the semicircular openings are connected with the guide rods (12) in a sliding mode, and power portions are arranged between the air gun (14) and the bottom surface of the shell (1).

5. A seismic vibrator for shallow sea seismic exploration, according to claim 4, wherein: the power part comprises a push rod motor (13), and two ends of the push rod motor (13) are fixedly connected with the air gun (14) and the shell (1) respectively.

6. A seismic excitation device for shallow sea seismic exploration, according to claim 1, wherein: the cross section of the shell (1) is of an elliptical structure, the front end of the shell (1) is of a conical structure, and the front end of the shell (1) is fixedly connected with a hanging ring (17).

7. A method for using a shock excitation device for shallow sea seismic exploration, which is applied to the shock excitation device for shallow sea seismic exploration, disclosed by any one of claims 1 to 6, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: connecting a cable of a towing vessel with a plurality of shock excitation devices for shallow sea seismic exploration according to any one of claims 1 to 6 respectively, and communicating a high-pressure gas pipeline of the towing vessel with the air gun assembly;

step two: adjusting the submergence module through the controller to submerge a plurality of shock excitation devices for shallow sea seismic exploration, which are disclosed by any one of claims 1-6, and maintain a specific depth below the sea surface;

step three: the controller is used for adjusting the linear motion assembly, the linear motion assembly drives the air gun assembly to move away from the sea surface, and the depth of each air gun assembly is adjusted according to detection requirements;

step four: simultaneously blasting each air gun assembly to generate bubble vibration pulses;

step five: after exploration is finished, the linear motion assemblies are adjusted through the controller, the air gun assemblies are reset, seawater in the submergence assemblies is discharged through adjusting the controller, and the shell (1) floats out of the sea surface.

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