CN113687042B - Lake sediment buried organic carbon estimation method based on water amount - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于水量的湖泊沉积物埋藏有机碳的估算方法。步骤包括采集湖泊沉积物样本；测试分析沉积物年代、沉积速率、沉积物干密度以及有机碳含量；计算湖泊的有机碳埋藏速率；利用卫星高度计数据提取湖泊正高水位；剔除异常值，获取单天水位，并计算年均水位；获取年均水位的高值、低值和均值；获取水位极值年份的秋季无云Landsat数据，根据MNDWI直方图设定阈值提取湖泊的水体面积；假定湖泊为圆锥体，根据水位极高年份和极低年份的水体面积确定湖泊形状，估算多年平均水位对应的湖泊水量；根据水量换算等体积圆锥体面积，结合沉积物年代和有机碳埋藏速率，获取基于水量的湖泊沉积物埋藏有机碳总量。
The invention discloses a method for estimating buried organic carbon in lake sediments based on water quantity. The steps include collecting lake sediment samples; testing and analyzing sediment age, deposition rate, sediment dry density and organic carbon content; calculating the organic carbon burial rate of the lake; extracting the positive high water level of the lake using satellite altimeter data; water level, and calculate the annual average water level; obtain the high value, low value and average value of the annual average water level; obtain the cloudless Landsat data in autumn in the year with the extreme water level, and set the threshold according to the MNDWI histogram to extract the water body area of the lake; assume that the lake is a cone The shape of the lake is determined according to the water body area in the extremely high water level years and the extremely low water years, and the lake water volume corresponding to the multi-year average water level is estimated; Total buried organic carbon in lake sediments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a lake sediment buried organic carbon estimation method based on water amount, and belongs to the field of lake hydrology.
Technical Field
Lakes are an important sink for carbon. In the early period, the lake water occupies a small land surface area (the lake occupies about 2.8 percent of the land area), so the role of the lake in carbon cycle is ignored. Although carbon dioxide and methane emitted into the atmosphere from inland waters such as lakes and reservoirs can become greenhouse gases and carbon sources, the carbon stored in the sediments enters long-term geological cycles and is a permanent and important carbon sink. Local and regional scale studies have shown that even though the carbon sequestration flux in lake and reservoir sediments is generally less than the carbon emission flux, it is still an important long-term carbon sink, playing an important role in regional and even global carbon circulation.
Furthermore, inland water bodies such as lakes and reservoirs have a higher efficiency of carbon sequestration than oceans because inland water bodies have a high deposition rate, a low oxygen supply, and a high proportion of land-derived organic carbon, and therefore a higher proportion of the deposited and sequestered organic carbon is not mineralized but remains in the sediments. Recent studies have also shown that since the human world, the rate of organic carbon burial in inland waters is increasing due to water and soil loss, river damming and eutrophication.
The lake area and the river basin area are important factors influencing lake carbon burying, and the larger the ratio of the lake area to the lake river basin area is, the more land-source organic matters are received in a unit area, and the higher the lake carbon flux is. The depth of the lake is also an important influence factor of carbon burial in the lake. However, limited to insufficient data, most of the current researches directly multiply the organic carbon burying rate by the lake area to obtain the total organic carbon burying amount. Whereas the lake area is usually an instantaneous result of a certain year, which increases the uncertainty of the estimation result. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the total amount of buried organic carbon in combination with the actual amount of water in the lake.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that: the method comprises the steps of collecting lake sediment samples to obtain lake organic carbon burying rate; and acquiring the water level and the area of the lake by using a remote sensing means, and estimating the water volume of the lake. Thereby obtaining the total quantity of the organic carbon buried in the lake based on the lake water quantity.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the lake sediment buried organic carbon estimation method based on the water amount comprises the following steps:
firstly, collecting lake sediment samples: collecting 3-10 lake bottom columnar sediment samples in each lake, and recording longitude and latitude coordinates, the altitude, the lake depth and the length of the columnar sediment of a sampling point;
secondly, testing and analyzing to obtain the age t of the sediment, the dry density DBD of the sediment and the TOC content of organic carbon;
thirdly, calculating the deposition rate SR according to the length L of the columnar deposit and the age t of the deposit, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
SR＝L/t
and calculating the organic carbon burying rate OCBR of each lake core in the last century by combining the organic carbon content TOC and the sediment dry density DBD, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
OCBR＝TOC×SR×DBD
calculating the average value of the organic carbon burying rates of a plurality of core samples of the sampled lake to represent the annual average organic carbon burying rate of the lake;
fourthly, calculating the positive high water level of the lake according to the data of the radar altimeter and the laser altimeter to obtain the maximum annual average water level h of the lake max Lowest annual average water level value h min And the corresponding year, and calculating the average water level h of many years according to the year ave ；
Fifthly, acquiring autumn non-cloud Landsat images of the extremely-high water level years and the extremely-low water level years, setting a threshold value according to the MNDW (normalized water body index) histogram of the improved normalized water body index to extract the water body area of the lake, and respectively obtaining the maximum area S of the lake max And minimum area S of lake min ；
The sixth step, assuming the lake as a cone, according to the highest water level h max Minimum water level h min、 And the maximum area S of the lake corresponding to the highest water level and the lowest water level max And minimum area S of lake min Estimating the lake water amount corresponding to the average water level for many years, and converting the isometric cone surface area S according to the water amount to approximate the lake surface area, wherein the isometric cone surface area S has the following calculation formula:
seventhly, combining the age t of the sediment, the organic carbon burying rate OCBR and the converted surface area S to obtain the total quantity TOC of the lake buried organic carbon based on the water quantity lake The formula is as follows:
TOC lake ＝OCBR×S×t。
in conclusion, the method estimates the total quantity of the organic carbon buried in the lake sediments based on the water quantity, and has clear flow and reliable result. At present, the estimation of the organic carbon buried in the lake sediments is obtained by multiplying the burying rate by the water area of the deposition age and a certain year, but the depth and the shape of the lake can also influence the burying of the organic carbon in the lake, and the estimation of the buried organic carbon based on the water amount is more rigorous and reasonable. And the water quantity estimation in the method completely depends on remote sensing data, so that the field workload is reduced, and the method is convenient and rapid.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a lake buried organic carbon estimation method.
Fig. 2 is an annual average water level of a lake extracted by using a satellite altimeter.
Fig. 3 shows Landsat MNDWI results for very high water years and the range of water extracted.
Fig. 4 shows Landsat MNDWI results and extracted water body range for very low water years.
Detailed Description
The invention is explained in detail below by taking Taihu lake as an example according to the attached drawings, so that the technical route and the operation steps of the invention are clearer.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for estimating the organic carbon buried in a lake, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, collecting lake sediment samples: collecting 3-10 lake bottom columnar sediment samples in each lake, and recording detailed parameters such as longitude and latitude coordinates, altitude, lake depth, columnar sediment length and the like of sampling points; samples of typical vegetation, soil and water in the area where the lake is located are collected at the same time. And (3) dividing all sediment samples into equal intervals of 0.5 or 1.0cm in an indoor laboratory according to requirements, and placing the samples in a sealed plastic bag for refrigeration and preservation.
And step two, testing and analyzing the age t and the physical and chemical indexes of the sediment. Drying the sediment sample at low temperature, weighing, and testing by gamma analysis methodNatural radionuclides 210 Pb and artificial radionuclide 137 And (4) Cs. Surplus for chronological analysis 210 Pb(210Pb ex ) Is composed of 210 Pb tot And 226 difference in specific activity of Ra. The characteristic peak at 662kev is taken as 137 Specific activity of Cs. By using 137 And determining the characteristic age of the peak value of the change of the specific activity of Cs along with the drilling depth, comparing the characteristic age with the change of the specific activity of 210Pb along with the drilling depth, verifying, and finally determining the age of the sediment sample. The physical and chemical index test analysis comprises the test analysis of the water content, dry volume weight and ignition loss of the sediment, the test analysis of elements such as total carbon TC, total nitrogen TN, organic carbon TOC, inorganic carbon TIC and the like. The deposit dry density DBD is obtained, and the TOC content of organic carbon is also obtained.
Thirdly, estimating the organic carbon burying rate of the lake sediments: and calculating the deposition rate SR according to the length L of the columnar deposit and the age t of the deposit, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
SR＝L/t
and calculating the organic carbon burying rate OCBR of each lake core in the last century by combining the TOC content and the dry density DBD, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
OCBR＝TOC×SR×DBD
then calculating the average value of the organic carbon burying rates of a plurality of core samples of the sampled lake to represent the annual average organic carbon burying rate of the lake; the value is 16.6g Cm -2 year -1 。
The fourth step: and acquiring product data of the radar altimeters Envisat/RA2 GDR, Cryosat-2 GDR, the laser altimeters ICESat-1 GLAH14, ICESat-2 ATL13 and the like, and calculating the positive high water level of the lake. Taking Envisat/RA2 as an example, data sets such as satellite orbit height H, distance R from the satellite to the water surface, ground level height Geoid and the like are respectively obtained, and wet troposphere correction W is performed wet Dry tropospheric correction D dry Ionospheric correction I ion Correction by counter-pressure I inv Solid tide correction S sol And extreme tide correction of P pol The calculation formula of the positive height h of the lake is as follows:
h＝H-R-geoid-(W wet +D dry +I ion +I inv +S sol +P pol )
and then setting buffer areas with different radiuses according to the diameters of the footprint points of different altimeters to eliminate points greatly influenced by land terrain. For the remaining water sites, outliers were removed with one-fold standard deviation. And averaging the water level of the same day to obtain the water level of the single day. Finally, calculating the annual average water level, and acquiring the maximum value h of the lake annual average water level max And a minimum value h min And its corresponding year, and calculating the average water level h of many years ave As shown in fig. 2, the very high water level of taihu lake in recent years is 5.183m (2016), the very low water level is 4.904m (2006), and the average water level over many years is 5.066 m;
the fifth step: and (3) acquiring a non-cloud Landsat-5/7/8 image in autumn of the year of the extreme water level, and if the adopted remote sensing image is Landsat-7 data, firstly carrying out strip filling processing on the image. And calculating an improved normalized water body index MNDWI according to the green light and mid-infrared wave bands of the Landsat data, and dividing the water body and other parts by selecting a valley value as a threshold value by using a double-peak structure of an MNDWI histogram. For the image after threshold segmentation, the image is converted into a plane element in ArcGIS, and simplified plane operation is performed, the maximum allowable offset is set to be 1m, and the minimum area is set to be 1km 2 Obtaining the vector result of the lake water body range, and finally obtaining the lake area by utilizing the geometric function of calculation, as shown in figure 3, the water level is extremely high (2016 years), the water body area of the Taihu lake is 2281.67km 2 (ii) a As shown in FIG. 4, the water level is extremely low (2006), and the water area of Taihu lake is 2248.30km 2 ；
And a sixth step: assuming the lake as a cone, the lake area S is respectively corresponding to the highest water level, the lowest water level and the high and low water levels max And S min Determining the shape of the lake, estimating the lake water volume corresponding to the average water level of many years on the basis, and converting the equal volume cone area according to the water volume, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
the calculated surface area of the equal-volume cylinder is 752.65km 2 ；
The seventh step: combining the age of the sediment, the organic carbon burying rate and the converted area to obtain the total amount of the organic carbon buried in the lake TOC based on the water volume lake The formula is as follows:
TOC lake ＝OCBR×S×t
the total amount of buried organic carbon in nearly 70 years of the Taihu lake calculated in this example was 2.624X 10 12 g C。
In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A lake sediment buried organic carbon estimation method based on water quantity comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, collecting lake sediment samples: collecting 3-10 lake bottom columnar sediment samples in each lake, and recording longitude and latitude coordinates, the altitude, the lake depth and the length of the columnar sediment of a sampling point;
secondly, testing and analyzing to obtain the age t of the sediment, the dry density DBD of the sediment and the TOC content of organic carbon;
thirdly, calculating the deposition rate SR according to the length L of the columnar deposition and the age t of the deposition, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
SR＝L/t
and calculating the organic carbon burying rate OCBR of each lake core in the last century by combining the organic carbon content TOC and the sediment dry density DBD, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
OCBR＝TOC×SR×DBD
calculating the average value of the organic carbon burying rates of a plurality of core samples of the sampled lake to represent the annual average organic carbon burying rate of the lake;
fourthly, calculating the positive high water level of the lake according to the data of the radar altimeter and the laser altimeter to obtain the maximum annual average water level h of the lake max Lowest annual average water level value h min And the corresponding year, and calculating the average water level h of many years according to the year ave ；
The fifth step, obtain the water level extremely high year andsetting a threshold value according to an MNDW (normalized water body index) histogram of an improved normalized water body index to extract the water body area of the lake to respectively obtain the maximum area S of the lake max And minimum area S of lake min ；
The sixth step, assuming the lake as a cone, according to the highest water level h max Minimum water level h min And the maximum area S of the lake corresponding to the highest water level and the lowest water level max And minimum area S of lake min Estimating the average water level h over years ave Corresponding lake water volume, and converting the bottom area S of the equal volume cone according to the water volume to approximate the average water level h of many years ave The corresponding lake area and the equal volume cone bottom area S are calculated according to the following formula:
seventhly, combining the age t of the sediment, the organic carbon burying rate OCBR and the converted lake area S to obtain the total amount of the organic carbon buried in the lake TOC based on water volume lake The formula is as follows:
TOC lake ＝OCBR×S×t。
2. the method for estimating lake sediment burial organic carbon based on water amount as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the sediment sample is dried at low temperature and then weighed, and the natural radionuclide is tested by adopting a gamma analysis method 210 Pb and artificial radionuclide 137 Cs; surplus for chronological analysis 210 pb is 210 Pb tot And 226 difference in Ra specific activity; the characteristic peak at 662kev is taken as 137 The specific activity of Cs; by using 137 Determining the characteristic age of the peak value of the specific activity of Cs along with the change of the depth of the drill hole, and comparing the characteristic age with the peak value 210 And carrying out comparison verification on the Pb specific activity along with the variation of the depth of the drill hole, and finally determining the age of the sediment sample.
3. The method of claim 1The method for estimating the lake sediment buried organic carbon of water amount is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the fourth step, adopting the data of Envisat/RA2 to respectively obtain a satellite orbit height H, a distance R from the satellite to the water surface, a Geoid data set of the height of the ground level and wet troposphere correction W wet Dry tropospheric correction D dry Ionospheric correction I ion Correction by counter-pressure I inv Solid tide correction S sol And extreme tide correction of P pol The calculation formula of the positive height h of the lake is as follows:
h＝H-R-Geoid-(W wet +D dry +I ion +I inv +S sol +P pol )。
4. the lake sediment burial organic carbon estimation method based on water amount according to claim 1, wherein: and fourthly, removing water sites which are greatly influenced by land terrain, removing abnormal values of the rest water sites by using one-time standard deviation, and averaging the water level of the same day to obtain the water level of the single day.
5. The method for estimating lake sediment burial organic carbon based on water amount as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and in the fifth step, calculating the normalization index MNDWI by adopting the green light and the mid-infrared wave bands of the Landsat data, and dividing the water body and other parts by selecting a valley value as a threshold value by utilizing a double-peak structure of an MNDWI histogram.
6. The method for estimating lake sediment burial organic carbon based on water amount as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the fifth step, the MNDWI image after threshold division is converted into a plane element in ArcGIS, and simplified plane operation is performed, and the maximum allowable offset is set to be 1m, and the minimum area is set to be 1km 2 And obtaining the vector result of the water body range of the lake and calculating the area of the lake.
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