CN113686753B - Method for performing penetration test on rock sample - Google Patents
Method for performing penetration test on rock sample Download PDFInfo
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- CN113686753B CN113686753B CN202111077701.1A CN202111077701A CN113686753B CN 113686753 B CN113686753 B CN 113686753B CN 202111077701 A CN202111077701 A CN 202111077701A CN 113686753 B CN113686753 B CN 113686753B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for performing penetration test on a rock sample, which comprises the following steps: respectively placing a plurality of rock samples with different sizes into a simulated nuclear radiation environment for irradiation to obtain rock samples with different irradiation doses; sealing each irradiated rock sample, and carrying out a stress loading test in a sealing state; the stress loading test of each irradiated rock sample in a sealed state comprises the following steps: firstly, applying mechanical pressure and/or water pressure to a rock sample in a sealing state, and then applying temperature stress to the rock sample; and performing permeability detection on the rock samples subjected to the stress loading test to obtain permeability test data of the rock samples with different irradiation doses after passing through different temperature-stress loading paths. The method can be widely applied to the technical field of rock material performance test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock material performance test, and particularly relates to a method for performing penetration test on a rock sample.
Background
At present, scientific and reasonable disposal of radioactive nuclear waste is an important issue related to national folk life, and storing high-radioactive nuclear waste in a stable underground rock-soil body is a currently internationally recognized nuclear waste disposal method. The surrounding rock of a high level waste disposal reservoir is typically a low permeability rock mass, the safety of which depends largely on the barrier function of the surrounding rock to nuclear waste and the characteristics of the water movement of the fissures as a carrier for nuclide migration. The radioactive waste disposal experience for decades has shown that proper knowledge of the permeability of the field rock-soil mass is critical for site selection and safety evaluation of the disposal site. During the service period of the disposal warehouse, the near-field surrounding rock is subjected to the radiation action from the high-level waste objects for a long time, and meanwhile, the radioactive elements release heat in the decay process, so that the temperature of the disposal warehouse surrounding rock is remarkably increased. Therefore, rock permeability studies to study irradiation, temperature and stress coupling are critical to the stability of high level waste geological reservoirs. However, the related studies on rock permeability under irradiation, temperature and stress coupling are still in the blank phase.
Therefore, the research on the rock permeability under the coupling action of irradiation, temperature and stress is a key factor for searching the stability of the geological disposal warehouse of high-level wastes, and the related research on the rock permeability under the coupling action of irradiation, temperature and stress is still in a blank stage at present;
that is, the permeability test is performed on the rock under the coupling action of irradiation, temperature and stress, so that a powerful scientific reference is provided for searching the stability of the geological disposal warehouse of high-level wastes, and the technical problem to be solved in the field is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is how to provide a method for performing penetration test on rock samples so as to at least solve part of the technical problems.
To solve at least some of the above technical problems, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for performing a penetration test on a rock sample, the method comprising: respectively placing a plurality of rock samples with different sizes into a simulated nuclear radiation environment for irradiation to obtain the rock samples with different irradiation doses; sealing each irradiated rock sample, and carrying out a stress loading test in a sealing state; performing a stress loading test on each irradiated rock sample in a sealed state comprises: firstly, applying mechanical pressure and/or water pressure to the rock sample in a sealing state, and then applying temperature stress to the rock sample; and performing permeability detection on the rock samples subjected to the stress loading test to obtain permeability test data of the rock samples subjected to the stress loading at different irradiation doses.
In a first aspect, the exposing a plurality of different sized rock samples to respective simulated nuclear radiation environments comprises: and respectively placing a plurality of rock samples with different sizes in a cobalt source room for irradiation.
In a first aspect, the applying mechanical and/or water pressure to the rock sample in a sealed state comprises: and carrying out mechanical pressure and/or water pressure loading on the rock sample for the first time to enable the rock sample to reach an in-situ stress value.
In a first aspect, after first subjecting the rock sample to mechanical and/or water pressure loading, the method further comprises: the rock sample is saturated in a state in which the rock sample reaches an in-situ stress.
In a first aspect, after saturating the rock sample in an in situ stress state, the method further comprises: and in the state that the rock sample reaches the in-situ stress data, applying the mechanical pressure and/or the water pressure to the rock sample for the second time to enable the rock sample to reach a preset stress value, and detecting the permeability of the rock sample.
In a first aspect, the applying a temperature stress to the rock sample comprises: and loading the rock sample at a temperature rise and/or a temperature fall, and detecting the permeability of the rock sample again.
In a first aspect, said sealing each irradiated rock sample comprises: and coating the irradiated rock sample by a heat-shrinkable tube sleeve.
In a first aspect, applying mechanical pressure to the rock sample includes fixing the rock sample by a triaxial tester and applying mechanical pressure to each end face of the rock sample according to a preset pressure value using the triaxial tester.
In a first aspect, the method further comprises: and detecting the permeability of the rock sample subjected to the stress loading test through a steady state method or a transient state method.
In a first aspect, the method further comprises, after the rock sample reaches an in-situ stress state, the step of: and judging whether the rock sample reaches saturation or not by detecting the pore pressure coefficient Skempton B.
The beneficial effects are that:
according to the method for performing the penetration test on the rock sample, the rock sample is placed in the simulated nuclear radiation environment for irradiation to obtain rock samples with different irradiation doses, then the irradiated rock sample is subjected to mechanical, hydraulic and temperature stress loading, and finally the rock sample subjected to mechanical, hydraulic and temperature stress loading is subjected to penetration test to obtain penetration test data of the rock sample with different irradiation doses after passing through different temperature-stress loading paths, so that a powerful scientific reference is provided for searching the stability of a high-level waste geological disposal warehouse.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and is intended to be implemented in accordance with the teachings of the present invention in order that the same may be more clearly understood and to make the same and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more readily apparent.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present description or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for performing a penetration test on a rock sample according to the present embodiment;
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments in the present specification will be provided to enable the technical solutions in the present specification to be clearly and completely described, and it should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present specification, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the specification fall within the scope of the present invention; wherein reference to "and/or" in this embodiment indicates and/or two cases, in other words, reference to a and/or B in the embodiments of this specification indicates two cases a and B, A or B, and describes three states in which a and B exist, such as a and/or B, indicating: only A and not B; only B and not A; includes A and B.
Meanwhile, in the embodiment of the present specification, when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it may be directly on the other element or may be present with an intervening element. When a component is considered to be "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or intervening components may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and the like are used in the embodiments of the present specification for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment one:
referring to fig. 1, a method for performing a penetration test on a rock sample is provided in a first embodiment, the method comprising: respectively placing a plurality of rock samples with different sizes into a simulated nuclear radiation environment for irradiation to obtain the rock samples with different irradiation doses; sealing each irradiated rock sample, and carrying out a stress loading test in a sealing state; said subjecting each irradiated rock sample to a stress loading test in a sealed state comprises: firstly, applying mechanical pressure and/or water pressure to the rock sample in a sealing state, and applying temperature stress to the rock sample; and performing permeability detection on the rock samples subjected to the stress loading test to obtain permeability test data of the rock samples subjected to different irradiation doses after passing through different temperature-stress loading paths.
In the technical scheme of the first embodiment, the rock samples are irradiated in the simulated nuclear radiation environment to obtain the rock samples with different irradiation doses, then the irradiated rock samples are subjected to mechanical, hydraulic and temperature stress loading, and finally the rock samples subjected to mechanical, hydraulic and temperature stress loading are subjected to permeability detection to obtain permeability test data of the rock samples with different irradiation doses after passing through different temperature-stress loading paths, so that a powerful scientific reference is provided for searching the stability of the high-level waste geological disposal warehouse.
Further, for the method of exposing a plurality of different sizes of the rock samples to radiation in a simulated nuclear radiation environment, respectively, it may be one implementation provided in the first embodiment, the method includes: and placing the rock sample in a cobalt source room for irradiation to obtain rock samples under different irradiation doses. It should be noted that, the cobalt source is an element source in the nuclear radiation, and is used to simulate the nuclear radiation environment and then irradiate the rock sample block, so as to obtain a rock sample close to the nuclear radiation environment, and then perform the penetration test on the rock sample.
Specifically, as for the method of applying mechanical pressure and/or water pressure to the rock sample in the sealed state, there may be provided an embodiment of the first embodiment, which includes: the rock sample is loaded with mechanical pressure and/or water pressure for the first time to reach the in-situ stress value, and it should be noted that in-situ stress in the first embodiment is the stress in all directions of the depth of the planned high level waste disposal warehouse, and the in-situ stress states are different due to different storage rock-soil mediums and different construction depths of different disposal warehouses.
Further, as for the method of applying mechanical pressure and/or water pressure to a rock sample in a sealed state, it may further include another implementation manner provided in the first embodiment, the manner includes: and in the state that the rock sample reaches the in-situ stress, applying mechanical pressure and/or water pressure to the rock sample for the second time to enable the rock sample to reach a preset stress value, and detecting and acquiring the permeability of the rock sample.
Further, after the mechanical pressure and/or the water pressure is applied to the rock sample in the sealed state, an embodiment is also provided in this embodiment, which includes: the rock sample is subjected to elevated and/or reduced temperature loading and the permeability of the rock sample is again checked to investigate the effect of temperature changes on the permeability of the rock sample.
In particular, for the step of sealing each irradiated rock sample, it is also possible to use an embodiment comprising: it should be noted that in the first embodiment of the present invention, a heat-shrinkable tube sleeve with high temperature resistance may be used to prevent the heat-shrinkable tube sleeve from being damaged due to the fact that the heat-shrinkable tube sleeve is not high-temperature-resistant when the temperature of the rock sample is raised, thereby affecting the accuracy of subsequent permeability test data of the rock sample.
In particular, for the method of subjecting the irradiated rock sample to mechanical pressure, embodiments may be employed which include: the method comprises the steps of fixing a rock sample through a triaxial test machine, and applying mechanical pressure to each end face of the rock sample according to a preset pressure value by utilizing the triaxial test machine, wherein the triaxial test machine consists of an axial pressure system, a confining pressure system and a high-temperature control system; wherein (1) the axial compression system comprises: portal frame, ball screw, servo motor, hold-in range reduction gears, test force sensor etc.. The structural type can ensure the accuracy of stability control of axial loading, the accuracy of measurement and the simplicity of operation; the axial controller adopts an all-digital servo controller and has the characteristics of high resolution, high control precision, no drift, low fault rate, no impact conversion of a control mode, fault self-diagnosis and the like; force control and displacement control can be realized in the axial direction, and smooth switching of force and displacement control can be realized. (2) the confining pressure system includes: triaxial pressure chamber, confining pressure pressurizing device and confining pressure controller etc.. The confining pressure pressurizing device adopts a servo motor system; the pressure chamber adopts the self-balancing pressure chamber produced by the exclusive technology B, the pressure chamber is convenient for loading and unloading samples, and can directly measure the deformation of the samples, and more importantly, the confining pressure (or the confining pressure) of the pressure chamber can not change when the axial pressure (or the confining pressure) is loaded, namely, the confining pressure (or the axial pressure) is not influenced by each other, so that the accuracy of the test is ensured. (3) the hydraulic system includes: a hydraulic pressure pressurizing device, a hydraulic pressure controller, a hydraulic pressure sensor, etc. The water pressure controller adopts a full digital servo controller to control the water pressure; the water pressure of the water pressure controller, the upper end and the lower end of the sample are respectively measured by three water pressure sensors. (4) the temperature control system comprises: heating coil, temperature controller and temperature sensor. The heating coil is arranged outside the pressure chamber; temperature sensors are arranged inside and outside the pressure chamber, and the temperature is controlled through the temperature sensors immersed in the triaxial chamber and placed in the heating coil.
Specifically, as a method for detecting the permeability of the rock sample after the stress loading test, there may be adopted an embodiment including: the permeability of the rock sample after the stress loading test is detected by a certain permeability test method, and a steady state method and a transient state method are taken as examples. It is known in the art that the steady state method is: when the whole temperature of the sample to be measured is stable, a certain osmotic pressure is applied to one end of the rock sample, and when the water yield of the other end of the rock is stable, the osmotic flow of the fluid in a certain time period is measured to calculate the rock osmotic coefficient. The basic formula for the steady state permeability coefficient is: k=q·h·v s /(P.A); k is the permeability coefficient, Q is the seepage flow in unit time, Q=V/T, V is the total seepage flow in T time, V s Is the gravity of water, V s ρ·g, ρ is fluid density, g is gravitational acceleration, P is osmotic pressure, A, H is rock sample cross-sectional area and height, respectively. Multiple measurements can be used to average to increase the reliability of the percolation coefficient value. The transient method comprises the following steps: when the whole temperature of the sample to be tested is stable, a certain water pressure is applied to two ends of the sample, after the water pressure is balanced, a water flow pipeline valve connected with the lower end of the rock sample is closed, then the water pressure at the upper end of the rock sample is increased by a water pressure on the original basis, after the water pressure at the upper end and the lower end is stable, the valve is opened, the pressure data of the two ends of the rock sample in the test are monitored and recorded in real time, and the measured pressure data is analyzed and calculated by using a mathematical model with a known relation between the pressure and the permeability, so that the permeability of the rock sample is obtained.
Specifically, after the step of applying mechanical pressure and/or water pressure to the rock sample for the first time, the rock sample reaches the in-situ stress, embodiments may further include: and detecting whether the rock sample is saturated, and if so, carrying out related mechanical pressure and hydraulic loading after saturation.
Further, for detecting whether the internal structure of the rock sample is saturated, it may include embodiments specifically including: by detecting the pore pressure coefficient: whether Skempton B reaches a preset value. The Skempton B value at the time of rock sample saturation is closely related to the rock type, so the preset value should be set according to the specific condition of the rock.
With continued reference to fig. 1, step S1 in fig. 1 is used to represent: respectively placing a plurality of rock samples with different sizes into a simulated nuclear radiation environment for irradiation to obtain the rock samples with different irradiation doses; step S2 is for representing: sealing each irradiated rock sample, and carrying out a stress loading test in a sealing state; step S3 is for representing: and performing permeability detection on the rock samples subjected to the stress loading test to obtain permeability test data of the rock samples subjected to different irradiation doses after passing through different temperature-stress loading paths.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, and all such modifications and equivalents are intended to be encompassed in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method of performing a penetration test on a rock sample, the method comprising:
respectively placing a plurality of rock samples with different sizes into a simulated nuclear radiation environment for irradiation to obtain the rock samples with different irradiation doses; the exposing a plurality of different sized rock samples to respective simulated nuclear radiation environments comprises: placing a plurality of rock samples with different sizes in a cobalt source room for irradiation;
sealing each irradiated rock sample, and carrying out a stress loading test in a sealing state; performing a stress loading test on each irradiated rock sample in a sealed state comprises: firstly, applying mechanical pressure and/or water pressure to the rock sample in a sealing state, and then applying temperature stress to the rock sample; the applying mechanical and/or water pressure to the rock sample in a sealed state comprises: carrying out mechanical pressure and/or water pressure loading on the rock sample for the first time to enable the rock sample to reach an in-situ stress value; after first subjecting the rock sample to mechanical and/or water pressure loading, the method further comprises: saturating the rock sample in a state that the rock sample reaches an in-situ stress; after saturating the rock sample in situ with the rock sample reaching an in situ stress state, the method further comprises: applying the mechanical pressure and/or the water pressure to the rock sample for the second time in a state that the rock sample reaches the in-situ stress data, enabling the rock sample to reach a preset stress value, and detecting the permeability of the rock sample;
performing permeability detection on the rock samples subjected to the corresponding loading test to obtain permeability test data of the rock samples subjected to stress loading at different irradiation doses;
the applying a temperature stress to the rock sample includes: and loading the rock sample at a temperature rise and/or a temperature fall, and detecting the permeability of the rock sample again.
2. The method of conducting a penetration test on a rock sample according to claim 1, wherein said sealing each irradiated rock sample comprises:
and coating the irradiated rock sample by a heat-shrinkable tube sleeve.
3. The method of conducting a penetration test on a rock sample of claim 1, wherein:
applying mechanical pressure to the rock sample includes fixing the rock sample by a triaxial tester and applying mechanical pressure to each end face of the rock sample according to a preset pressure value by using the triaxial tester.
4. The method of conducting a penetration test on a rock sample of claim 1, further comprising:
and detecting the permeability of the rock sample subjected to the stress loading test through a steady state method or a transient state method.
5. The method of conducting a penetration test on a rock sample according to claim 1, wherein said saturating the rock sample with the rock sample reaching an in situ stress state comprises:
and judging whether the rock sample reaches saturation or not by detecting the pore pressure coefficient Skempton B.
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| CN102967611B (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2014-10-29 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Loading sleeve used for industrial CT (computed tomography) experiment table |
| CA2999220A1 (en) * | 2015-10-02 | 2017-04-06 | Repsol, S.A. | Method for providing a numerical model of a sample of rock |
| CN106018236A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-10-12 | 河海大学 | Multifunctional integrated cap pressing type pressure chamber in rock coupling penetration test and test method |
| CN106124325B (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2019-04-16 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Rock fracture simulates sample and preparation method, the simulation test device and method |
| CN106198230A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-12-07 | 中国矿业大学 | Rock stratum physico-mechanical properties rapid measurement device and method |
| CN109580663A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-04-05 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | A kind of test method that simulation clay rock is influenced by irradiation and heat effect |
| WO2020131916A1 (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2020-06-25 | Deep Isolation, Inc. | Radioactive waste repository systems and methods |
| CN109738349B (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2020-05-12 | 北京科技大学 | Method for simulating high-level waste disposal metal can corrosion environment and behavior |
| CN110208311B (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2021-06-08 | 四川大学 | Tritium-resistant coating multi-field coupling performance test method and test device based on accelerator ion irradiation |
| CN111551481A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-08-18 | 上海市建筑科学研究院有限公司 | Method for testing and characterizing cesium ion permeation resistance effect of concrete protective coating |
| CN112557203B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2022-08-16 | 核工业北京地质研究院 | Hot hydraulic coupling triaxial test method for fractured rock |
| CN112834340A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-25 | 西南石油大学 | Indoor loading device for simulating microwave irradiation crushing of dry-hot rock in geothermal environment |
| CN112924300A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-08 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Deep ultra-deep rock high temperature-seepage-stress-chemical coupling test system |
| CN112987125B (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2021-12-17 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Shale brittleness index prediction method based on logging data |
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