CN113686697A - Direct shear test device and using method of coarse-grained soil under dry-wet cycle conditions in the field - Google Patents
Direct shear test device and using method of coarse-grained soil under dry-wet cycle conditions in the field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了野外粗粒土干湿循环条件下直接剪切试验装置及其使用方法，包括剪切盒(2)和剪切盒顶盖(11)，剪切盒(2)内部用于容置干湿循环处理后的粗粒土试样(4)，剪切盒(2)呈圆环形设置，剪切盒顶盖(11)与剪切盒(2)的内径相匹配，剪切盒顶盖(11)处在粗粒土试样(4)的顶部，所述剪切盒顶盖(11)的上部连接竖向压力装置，剪切盒(2)的侧壁连接水平剪切装置，剪切盒(2)的外侧设置直剪钢架(12)，所述直剪钢架(12)作为竖向压力装置和水平剪切装置的支撑装置。竖向压力装置对粗粒土试样进行法向力的加载。本发明为野外现场的干湿循环直剪试验提供一种直剪装置，可以快速的得出干湿循环处理后的粗粒土试样的剪应力。
The invention provides a direct shearing test device and a method for using the same under the dry-wet cycle conditions of coarse-grained soil in the field, comprising a shearing box (2) and a shearing box top cover (11). The coarse-grained soil sample (4) after the dry-wetting cycle treatment is placed, the shear box (2) is arranged in a circular shape, the top cover (11) of the shear box matches the inner diameter of the shear box (2), and the shear box (2) is cut. The top cover (11) of the box is located at the top of the coarse-grained soil sample (4), the upper part of the top cover (11) of the shear box is connected with a vertical pressure device, and the side wall of the shear box (2) is connected with a horizontal shear A straight shearing steel frame (12) is arranged on the outer side of the shearing box (2), and the straight shearing steel frame (12) serves as a supporting device for the vertical pressure device and the horizontal shearing device. The vertical pressure device applies normal force to the coarse-grained soil sample. The invention provides a direct shearing device for the dry-wet cycle direct shear test in the field, which can quickly obtain the shear stress of the coarse-grained soil sample after the dry-wet cycle treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil mechanics tests, in particular to a direct shear test device for field coarse-grained soil under a dry-wet cycle condition and a using method thereof.
Background
Coarse-grained soil is composed of coarse and fine particles with different sizes, the maximum particle size can reach more than 1000 mm, the minimum particle size can be less than 0.1 mm, the particle size variation range is large, the characteristics of the coarse and fine particles are very different, and the coarse-grained soil material accounts for more than 70% of the earth-rock dam. Coarse-grained soils are generally single-grained structures. Because the size of the particles in the coarse-grained soil can be greatly different, the small particles fill the pores formed by the large particles, and the coarse-grained soil with good gradation has higher density than the coarse-grained soil with uniform gradation. On the other hand, irregularly shaped particles can have a lower density and larger pores. Even "soils" consisting of uniform spheres, which are spatially arranged in different ways, result in different bulk states and different mechanical properties. The different arrangements can cause coarse-grained soils to exhibit wide variations in density, permeability, strength, compressibility, anisotropy, and the like.
The shear strength of the non-sticky coarse granules consists of three parts: shearing-resistant snap-in force generated by staggered arrangement among the coarse particles, shearing-resistant resistance exerted by crushing, filling and rearranging the particles, and frictional resistance generated by sliding among the mineral particles. The values depend on the matrix properties, particle shape, porosity ratio or relative density, and stress level, among others. The change of water environment such as rain infiltration and evaporation, underground water level rising and falling and the like is a common natural phenomenon, and the repeated infiltration of water causes the original friction balance state among particles to be broken and the particle strength to be reduced, so that the breaking of the edges and corners of the particles and the migration of the positions of the particles occur in a certain range, and the mechanical properties such as the shear strength, the stress-strain characteristic and the like of coarse-grained soil are changed. Therefore, the dry-wet cycle is not negligible as an important factor affecting the long-term deformation of the crushed material, especially for high fill projects. The dry-wet cycle test of coarse-grained soil can be carried out in the field, so that the parameters of the soil body such as the shear strength can be more accurately obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a direct shear test device for field coarse-grained soil under a dry-wet cycle condition. The invention provides a direct shearing device for a dry-wet cycle direct shearing test in a field, and the shear stress of a coarse-grained soil sample subjected to dry-wet cycle treatment can be rapidly obtained.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
direct shear test device under open-air coarse-grained soil dry-wet cycle condition, its characterized in that: including shearing box and shearing box top cap, the inside coarse-grained soil sample that is used for the dry wet cycle of holding to handle of shearing box, the shearing box is ring shape setting, and the internal diameter phase-match of shearing box top cap and shearing box cuts the top that the box top cap is in coarse-grained soil sample, vertical pressure device is connected on the upper portion of shearing box top cap, cuts the lateral wall of box and connects horizontal shear device, and the outside of shearing box sets up the direct shear steelframe, the support arrangement of direct shear steelframe as vertical pressure device and horizontal shear device.
Further: the vertical pressure device comprises a vertical force sensor, a vertical jack and a vertical displacement sensor, the vertical jack is erected at the top of the top cover of the shearing box, the extending end of the vertical jack is propped against the upper portion of the direct-shear steel frame through the vertical force sensor, the vertical displacement sensor is connected with the side wall of the shearing box, and the measuring end of the vertical displacement sensor is matched with the top cover of the shearing box.
Further: the horizontal shearing device comprises a horizontal jack, a horizontal displacement sensor and a horizontal force sensor, wherein the extending end of the horizontal jack is propped against the side wall of the shearing box through the horizontal force sensor, the horizontal displacement sensor is connected with the horizontal jack, and the measuring end of the horizontal displacement sensor is matched with the side wall of the shearing box.
Further: the top and the bottom of the shear box are provided with a circle of upper edge and lower edge which extend outwards, a plurality of shear box ribbed plates are connected between the upper edge and the lower edge, and the shear box ribbed plates are connected with the side wall of the shear box.
Further: the shear box top cover is composed of an upper plate and a lower plate, the area of the upper plate is smaller than that of the lower plate, a plurality of inclined rib plates are connected between the upper plate and the lower plate, and the inclined rib plates are circumferentially arranged between the upper plate and the lower plate.
Further: the direct shear steel frame comprises an upper support and side supports on two sides of the upper support, the upper support is higher than the top surface of the shear box, the distance between the side supports on two sides is larger than the diameter of the shear box, and the end part of the horizontal shearing device is fixedly connected with the side supports of the direct shear steel frame.
Further: the shearing box is arranged above the ground soil layer, and the coarse-grained soil sample is one part of the ground soil layer.
A second object of the present invention is to: the application method of the direct shear test device under the dry-wet cycle condition of the field coarse-grained soil is provided, the direct shear test device under the dry-wet cycle condition of the field coarse-grained soil comprises the following specific steps:
s1: digging a test pit on a field coarse-grained soil ground soil layer, leaving a coarse-grained soil sample at the center of the test pit, connecting the bottom of the coarse-grained soil sample and the ground soil layer into a whole, arranging a horizontal shearing device, a vertical pressure device and a direct shearing steel frame in the space between the coarse-grained soil sample and the test pit, sleeving a shearing box on the outer side of the coarse-grained soil sample, and touching the bottom of the shearing box with the pit bottom of the test pit;
s2: saturating the coarse-grained soil sample by water irrigation, inserting a heating rod into the coarse-grained soil sample, heating and drying, and selecting the times of dry-wet cycle treatment according to test requirements;
s3: hanging the direct shear steel frame to enable the coarse-grained soil sample to be located at a proper position of the direct shear steel frame;
s4: installing a horizontal jack, a horizontal force sensor, a horizontal displacement sensor, a vertical force sensor, a vertical displacement sensor and a vertical jack;
s5: connecting a horizontal force sensor and a displacement sensor, a vertical force sensor and a displacement sensor to an acquisition instrument, applying corresponding vertical load through a vertical jack, wherein the vertical force sensor has corresponding reading at the moment, and the vertical load is applied to an appointed numerical value;
s6: and applying a horizontal load to the coarse-grained soil sample through a horizontal jack until the coarse-grained soil sample is sheared and damaged, recording a numerical value, and performing the next group of tests.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the direct shearing device is safe, reliable and simple in structure, and can quickly obtain the shearing stress of the coarse-grained soil sample after the dry-wet cycle treatment; because the invention is directly tested in the field, the workers can obtain more accurate parameters of soil shear strength and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the heating of a coarse soil sample after ground planing in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of shear stress versus horizontal displacement for a coarse soil sample;
FIG. 4 is a graph of shear stress versus normal stress for coarse-grained soil samples.
Reference numerals: 1-ground soil layer; 2-a cutting box; 3-heating a rod; 4-coarse-grained soil sample; 5-horizontal jack; 6-horizontal displacement sensor; 7-a horizontal force sensor; 8-a vertical force sensor; 9-vertical jack; 10-a vertical displacement sensor; 11-a shear box top cover; 12-directly shearing a steel frame; 13-top edge; 14-lower edge; 15-shear box ribs; 16-upper plate; 17-a lower plate; 18-an inclined rib plate.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the specific examples, but it should be understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the present invention; for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted. The positional relationships depicted in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the direct shear test device under the dry-wet cycle condition of open-air coarse-grained soil, including shearing box 2 and shearing box top cap 11, shearing box 2 is inside to be used for the coarse-grained soil sample 4 after the dry-wet cycle is handled, and shearing box 2 is the ring shape setting, and shearing box top cap 11 and shearing box 2's internal diameter phase-match, and shearing box top cap 11 department is at the top of coarse-grained soil sample 4, vertical pressure device is connected on the upper portion of shearing box top cap 11, and horizontal shearing device is connected to the lateral wall of shearing box 2, and the outside of shearing box 2 sets up and directly cuts steelframe 12, directly cuts steelframe 12 as vertical pressure device and horizontal shearing device's strutting arrangement. The coarse-grained soil sample 4 is 300mm in height and 500mm in diameter, large stones need to be removed during digging, and large influence on test parameters is prevented.
The shearing box 2 is positioned on the ground soil layer 1, and the coarse-grained soil sample 4 is one part of the ground soil layer 1. The coarse soil sample 4 is sampled by firstly selecting a test shearing position on the ground soil layer 1, then digging the soil around the selected position, and taking the soil left after digging as a sample for testing, so that the sample is hardly influenced by disturbance.
The shearing box 2 is stably sleeved on the outer side of the selected coarse-grained soil sample 4, the heating rod 3 is inserted into the coarse-grained soil sample 4, after dry-wet circulation, the heating rod 3 is pulled out and taken away, and the shearing test device is installed.
The vertical pressure device loads the normal force on the coarse-grained soil sample 4.
Vertical pressure device includes vertical force transducer 8, vertical jack 9 and vertical displacement sensor 10, and vertical jack 9 sets up at the top of shearing box top cap 11, and the end that stretches out of vertical jack 9 is top with directly cutting steelframe 12 upper portion through vertical force transducer 8, and vertical force transducer 8 is fixed on the upper bracket of directly cutting steelframe 12, and vertical displacement sensor 10 is connected with shearing box 2 lateral walls, and vertical displacement sensor 10 erects on shearing box 2, and vertical displacement sensor 10's measuring terminal cooperatees with shearing box top cap 11. And the vertical force sensor 8 is fixedly connected with an upper bracket of the direct shear steel frame 12. The vertical displacement sensor 10 can measure the vertical displacement of the coarse-grained soil sample 4 through the measuring end.
The horizontal shearing device comprises a horizontal jack 5, a horizontal displacement sensor 6 and a horizontal force sensor 7, wherein the extending end of the horizontal jack 5 is propped against the side wall of the shearing box 2 through the horizontal force sensor 7, the horizontal force sensor 7 is fixed on the side wall of the shearing box 2, the horizontal displacement sensor 6 is connected with the horizontal jack 5, the horizontal displacement sensor 6 is arranged on the horizontal jack 5 through a support stand, and the measuring end of the horizontal displacement sensor 6 is matched with the side wall of the shearing box 2. The horizontal force sensor 7 is fixedly connected with the side wall of the shearing box 2. The horizontal displacement sensor 6 is used for measuring the horizontal displacement of the coarse-grained soil sample 4.
The horizontal force sensor 7, the horizontal displacement sensor 6, the vertical force sensor 8 and the vertical displacement sensor 10 are connected with an acquisition instrument, and data can be read in real time.
The top and the bottom of the shear box 2 are provided with a circle of upper edges 13 and lower edges 14 which extend outwards, a plurality of shear box ribbed plates 15 are connected between the upper edges 13 and the lower edges 14, and the shear box ribbed plates 15 are connected with the side wall of the shear box 2.
The shear box top cover 11 is composed of an upper plate 16 and a lower plate 17, the area of the upper plate 16 is smaller than that of the lower plate 17, a plurality of inclined rib plates 18 are connected between the upper plate 16 and the lower plate 17, and the inclined rib plates 18 are circumferentially arranged between the upper plate 16 and the lower plate 17. The upper plate 16 and the lower plate 17 are both a whole steel plate, the central lines of the upper plate 16 and the lower plate 17 are arranged in a collinear manner, and the plurality of inclined rib plates 18 are arranged in a radial manner at the positions of the central lines.
The direct shear steel frame 12 comprises an upper support and side supports on two sides of the upper support, the upper support is higher than the top surface of the shear box 2, the distance between the side supports on two sides is larger than the diameter of the shear box 2, and the end part of the horizontal shearing device is fixedly connected with the side supports of the direct shear steel frame 12. The straight shear steel frame 12 moves the position through the crane.
The method for testing the shear strength index by using the direct shear test device comprises the following specific steps:
s1: digging a test pit on a field coarse-grained soil ground soil layer 1, leaving a coarse-grained soil sample 4 at the center of the test pit, connecting the bottom of the coarse-grained soil sample 4 and the ground soil layer 1 into a whole, arranging a horizontal shearing device, a vertical pressure device and a direct shearing steel frame in the space between the coarse-grained soil sample 4 and the test pit, sleeving a shearing box 2 on the outer side of the coarse-grained soil sample 4, and touching the bottom of the shearing box 2 with the pit bottom of the test pit;
s2: filling water into the coarse-grained soil sample 4 for saturation, inserting the heating rod 3 into the coarse-grained soil sample 4, heating and drying, and selecting the times of dry-wet cycle treatment according to test requirements;
s3: the direct shear steel frame 12 is well hung, so that the coarse-grained soil sample 4 is positioned at a proper position of the direct shear steel frame 12;
s4: installing a horizontal jack 5, a horizontal force sensor 7, a horizontal displacement sensor 6, a vertical force sensor 8, a vertical displacement sensor 10 and a vertical jack 9;
s5: connecting a horizontal force sensor 7, a displacement sensor 6, a vertical force sensor 8 and a displacement sensor 10 to an acquisition instrument, applying corresponding vertical load through a vertical jack 9, wherein the vertical force sensor 8 has corresponding reading, and the vertical load is applied to an appointed numerical value;
s6: and applying a horizontal load to the coarse-grained soil sample 4 through the horizontal jack 5 until the coarse-grained soil sample 4 is sheared and damaged, recording a numerical value, and performing the next group of tests.
Example 1:
the following is illustrated with the test results of fig. 3 and 4:
the internal friction angle phi of the coarse-grained soil sample 4 under the secondary dry-wet cycle is 45.47 degrees, the cohesive force c is 16.85kpa, the internal friction angle phi of the coarse-grained soil sample 4 under the tertiary dry-wet cycle is 43.38 degrees, and the cohesive force c is 10.00 kpa. After the coarse-grained soil sample 4 is subjected to dry-wet circulation, both the internal friction angle and the cohesive force are reduced, wherein the reduction range of the cohesive force is larger than that of the internal friction angle, and the sample strength is attenuated and deteriorated.
According to the description and the drawings, the direct shear test device under the dry-wet cycle condition of the field coarse-grained soil and the use method thereof can be easily manufactured or used by the skilled person, and can generate the positive effects recorded by the invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. Direct shear test device under open-air coarse-grained soil dry-wet cycle condition, its characterized in that: including shearing box (2) and shearing box top cap (11), shearing box (2) inside is used for the coarse grained soil sample (4) after the dry and wet circulation processing of holding, and shearing box (2) are ring shape setting, and shearing box top cap (11) and the internal diameter phase-match of shearing box (2), and shearing box top cap (11) are in the top of coarse grained soil sample (4), vertical pressure device is connected on the upper portion of shearing box top cap (11), and horizontal shearing mechanism is connected to the lateral wall of shearing box (2), and the outside of shearing box (2) sets up and directly cuts steelframe (12), directly cut steelframe (12) as vertical pressure device and horizontal shearing mechanism's strutting arrangement.
2. The direct shear test device under dry-wet cycle conditions of field coarse-grained soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: vertical pressure device includes vertical force transducer (8), vertical jack (9) and vertical displacement sensor (10), and vertical jack (9) are set up at the top of shearing box top cap (11), and the end that stretches out of vertical jack (9) is held up with directly shearing steelframe (12) upper portion through vertical force transducer (8), and vertical displacement sensor (10) are connected with shearing box (2) lateral wall, and the measuring end of vertical displacement sensor (10) cooperatees with shearing box top cap (11).
3. The direct shear test device under dry-wet cycle conditions of field coarse-grained soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the horizontal shearing device comprises a horizontal jack (5), a horizontal displacement sensor (6) and a horizontal force sensor (7), wherein the extending end of the horizontal jack (5) is propped against the side wall of the shearing box (2) through the horizontal force sensor (7), the horizontal displacement sensor (6) is connected with the horizontal jack (5), and the measuring end of the horizontal displacement sensor (6) is matched with the side wall of the shearing box (2).
4. The direct shear test device under dry-wet cycle conditions of field coarse-grained soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the top and the bottom of the shear box (2) are provided with a circle of upper edge (13) and lower edge (14) which extend outwards, a plurality of shear box ribbed plates (15) are connected between the upper edge (13) and the lower edge (14), and the shear box ribbed plates (15) are connected with the side wall of the shear box (2).
5. The direct shear test device under dry-wet cycle conditions of field coarse-grained soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the shear box top cover (11) is composed of an upper plate (16) and a lower plate (17), a plurality of inclined rib plates (18) are connected between the upper plate (16) and the lower plate (17), and the inclined rib plates (18) are circumferentially arranged between the upper plate (16) and the lower plate (17).
6. The direct shear test device under dry-wet cycle conditions of field coarse-grained soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the direct shear steel frame (12) comprises an upper support and side supports on two sides of the upper support, the upper support is arranged to be higher than the top surface of the shear box (2), the distance between the side supports on two sides is larger than the diameter of the shear box (2), and the end part of the horizontal shearing device is fixedly connected with the side supports of the direct shear steel frame (12).
7. The direct shear test device under dry-wet cycle conditions of field coarse-grained soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the shearing box (2) is arranged above the ground soil layer (1), and the coarse-grained soil sample (4) is one part of the ground soil layer (1).
8. A use method of a direct shear test device under the dry-wet cycle condition of field coarse-grained soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the device comprises the direct shear test device for field coarse-grained soil under the dry-wet cycle condition according to claim 1, and comprises the following specific steps:
s1: digging a test pit on a field coarse-grained soil ground soil layer (1), leaving a coarse-grained soil sample (4) at the center of the test pit, connecting the bottom of the coarse-grained soil sample (4) with the ground soil layer (1) into a whole, arranging a horizontal shearing device, a vertical pressure device and a direct-shearing steel frame in the space between the coarse-grained soil sample (4) and the test pit, sleeving a shearing box (2) on the outer side of the coarse-grained soil sample (4), and touching the bottom of the shearing box (2) to the bottom of the test pit;
s2: filling water into the coarse-grained soil sample (4) for saturation, inserting a heating rod (3) into the coarse-grained soil sample (4), heating and drying, and selecting the number of dry-wet cycle treatment according to test requirements;
s3: hoisting the direct shear steel frame (12) well, and enabling the coarse-grained soil sample (4) to be located at a proper position of the direct shear steel frame (12);
s4: installing a horizontal jack (5), a horizontal force sensor (7), a horizontal displacement sensor (6), a vertical force sensor (8), a vertical displacement sensor (10) and a vertical jack (9);
s5: connecting a horizontal force sensor (7) and a displacement sensor (6), a vertical force sensor (8) and a displacement sensor (10) to an acquisition instrument, applying corresponding vertical load through a vertical jack (9), wherein the vertical force sensor (8) has corresponding reading, and the vertical load is applied to an appointed numerical value;
s6: and (3) applying a horizontal load to the coarse-grained soil sample (4) through a horizontal jack (5) until the coarse-grained soil sample (4) is sheared and damaged, recording a numerical value, and performing the next group of tests.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114279818A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-05 | 西南交通大学 | Bidirectional flexible loading and unloading ring shear device and test method thereof |
| CN116879058A (en) * | 2023-08-25 | 2023-10-13 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A reflex force shear test device and method applied to original graded coarse-grained soil |
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