CN113686441A - Coherent spectrum analysis device and analysis method based on Fourier domain mode locking - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a coherent spectrum analysis device and method based on Fourier domain mode locking, and belongs to the technical field of spectrum analysis. The problem that the existing coherent spectrum analysis device and method are limited by the tuning range and the tuning speed of a local oscillator light source and the polarization sensitivity of interference measurement, so that the measurement speed and the measurement precision cannot meet the requirements of the fields of frontline science, biomedical treatment and the like is solved. The Fourier domain mode-locked local oscillator light source is connected with a second polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler and a third polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler through a double-shaft working polarization splitting prism, and the second polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler is sequentially connected with a first balance detector, a first electrical filter and a signal processing module to form a channel; and the third polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is sequentially connected with the second balanced detector, the second electric filter and the signal processing module to form a channel. It is mainly used for the analysis of coherent spectrum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of spectral analysis, and particularly relates to a coherent spectrum analysis device and method based on Fourier domain mode locking.
Background
With the development of a batch of photonic devices (optical whispering gallery mode sensors, femtosecond optical frequency combs) with femto-meter-level fine spectral response, the demand for high-resolution spectral analysis devices has increased dramatically in the fields of optical sensing, material analysis, medical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and the like. In the conventional spectrum analysis device and method, the Fourier transform spectrometer based on the interferometric modulation principle and the grating spectrometer based on the diffraction dispersion principle are limited by the processing error of the light splitting element, the spectral resolution can only reach the picometer order at the highest, and the spectrum measurement requirement of a novel photonic device can not be met.
The coherent spectrometer proposed in recent years can avoid adverse effects of processing errors of a spectroscopic element on spectral resolution in principle, and therefore is widely applied to the fields of precision instrument manufacturing, precision test and measurement and the like. The technical scheme of the coherent spectrometer is as follows: firstly, constructing an equivalent filter with tunable central wavelength by utilizing a laser tuning technology and a heterodyne interference technology; secondly, tuning the center wavelength of the equivalent filter to enable the equivalent filter to traverse the spectrum of the whole light beam to be detected, and performing time-sharing extraction on different frequency components in the light beam to be detected; and finally, recovering the spectrum of the light beam to be detected according to the frequency components extracted in a time-sharing manner. Obviously, the key to enabling the coherent spectrometer to operate quickly and with high precision is to improve the tuning speed and the tuning precision of the local oscillator light source.
However, the external cavity laser tuning technology (ECL), the vertical cavity surface emitting laser tuning technology (VCSEL), the distributed bragg reflection laser tuning technology (DBR) and the like adopted in the conventional coherent spectrum analysis apparatus and method realize local oscillator beam tuning by repeatedly starting and stopping different laser longitudinal modes, and thus the introduced time delay and phase noise restrict the improvement of the local oscillator light source tuning speed and the tuning precision. In addition, the coherent spectrometer device and the coherent spectrometer method adopt an interference method for demodulation, and the deviation of the polarization state between the local oscillation light beam and the light beam to be detected also causes the precision of the measurement result to be reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a coherent spectrum analysis device and method based on Fourier domain mode locking, aiming at solving the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a coherent spectrum analysis device based on Fourier domain mode locking comprises a Fourier domain mode locking local oscillator light source, an interface to be detected, a single-shaft working polarization beam splitter prism, a double-shaft working polarization beam splitter prism, a second polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler, a first balance detector, a first electrical filter, a signal processing module, a second electrical filter, a second balance detector and a third polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler, wherein the Fourier domain mode locking local oscillator light source is connected with the second polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler and the third polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler through the double-shaft working polarization beam splitter prism; and the third polarization-maintaining fiber coupler is sequentially connected with the second balanced detector, the second electric filter and the signal processing module to form a channel.
Furthermore, the Fourier domain mode-locked local oscillator light source comprises an optical amplifier, a tunable optical filter, a polarization dispersion management delay line, an optical isolator, a first polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler and a narrow-linewidth optical filter which are sequentially connected, wherein the tunable optical filter is connected with the function generator, and the narrow-linewidth optical filter is connected with the second polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler and the third polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler through a double-shaft working polarization splitting prism.
Furthermore, the transmission and polarization characteristics of the polarization dispersion management delay line are adjustable.
Furthermore, the polarization dispersion management delay line regulates and controls transmission and polarization characteristics by means of writing a chirped grating, a series dispersion displacement optical fiber, a dispersion compensation optical fiber, a glass slide, an optical fiber cone or a polarization controller.
The invention also provides an analysis method of the coherent spectrum analysis device based on Fourier domain mode locking, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: the Fourier domain mode locking local oscillator light source generates a local oscillator light beam A, and the local oscillator light beam A is divided into a slow axis alignment local oscillator light beam A1 and a fast axis alignment local oscillator light beam A2 which are equal in amplitude through a double-axis working polarization beam splitter prism;
step 2: the light beam B to be detected enters through the light interface to be detected and is divided into a slow-axis alignment light beam B1 and a fast-axis alignment light beam B2 through the single-axis working polarization beam splitter prism;
and step 3: the slow axis alignment local oscillation light beam A1 and the slow axis alignment to-be-detected light beam B1 are combined and interfered by a second polarization maintaining optical fiber coupler, then are converted into a slow axis interference signal C by a first balanced detector, and a slow axis interference intermediate frequency component D of the slow axis interference signal C is extracted by a first electrical filter and then is transmitted to a signal processing module;
and 4, step 4: the fast axis alignment local oscillation light beam A2 and the fast axis alignment to-be-detected light beam B2 are combined and interfered by a third polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler, then converted into a fast axis interference signal E by a second balanced detector, and the fast axis interference intermediate frequency component F of the fast axis interference signal E is extracted by a second electrical filter and then is transmitted to a signal processing module;
and 5: the signal processing module obtains a restored spectral signal B' of the light beam B to be detected by integrating the slow axis interference intermediate frequency component D and the fast axis interference intermediate frequency component F.
Furthermore, the light beam B to be detected in the step 2 is a light beam with any polarization, wherein HE is1 x 1Polarization mode and HE1 y 1The polarization mode is divided into a slow-axis alignment light beam B1 to be detected and a fast-axis alignment light beam B2 through a single-axis working polarization beam splitter prism.
Furthermore, when continuous and repetitive spectral analysis is required, the output waveform of the function generator is set to be sawtooth-shaped.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention solves the problem that the prior coherent spectrum analysis device and method are limited by the tuning range and the tuning speed of the local oscillator light source and the polarization sensitivity of the interference measurement, so that the measurement speed and the measurement precision can not meet the requirements of the fields of frontier science, biomedical treatment and the like.
According to the invention, the transmission and polarization characteristics of the polarization dispersion management delay line are regulated, the material dispersion and the polarization mode dispersion among longitudinal mode modes in the Fourier domain mode-locked local oscillator light source are inhibited, and the local oscillator light beam can be controlled to be a linear polarization light beam; by matching the tuning period of the function generator with the one-way transition time of each longitudinal mode in the Fourier domain mode-locked local oscillator light source, each longitudinal mode can be stably evolved in the Fourier domain mode-locked local oscillator light source; the tunable optical filter controls each longitudinal mode to be output in sequence according to the wavelength sequence, so that the repeated oscillation starting and stopping of the local oscillation light beam in the tuning process in the conventional coherent spectrum analysis device and method are avoided, the fast tuning of the local oscillation light beam can be realized, and the measurement speed of the coherent spectrum is further improved.
The linearly polarized local oscillator light beam is divided into a slow axis alignment local oscillator light beam and a fast axis alignment local oscillator light beam with equal amplitudes through a double-axis working polarization beam splitter prism; in the beam to be examined by a single-axis working polarizing beam splitter prism
A polarization mode and
the polarization mode is divided into a slow axis alignment light beam to be detected and a fast axis alignment light beam to be detected; the first balanced detector and the second balanced detector are used for independently detecting the slow axis interference signal and the fast axis interference signal respectively, so that the coherent spectrum analysis device and the coherent spectrum analysis method can be prevented from being used
A polarization mode and
influence of polarization mode crosstalk, i.e. implementationIt is polarization insensitive.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a coherent spectrum analysis device based on Fourier domain mode locking according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single-axis working polarizing beam splitter prism according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dual-axis working polarizing beam splitter prism according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic spectrum diagram of a local oscillator beam, a slow axis aligned local oscillator beam, and a fast axis aligned local oscillator beam according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic spectrum diagram of a light beam to be detected, a slow-axis light beam aligned to the light beam to be detected, and a fast-axis light beam aligned to the light beam to be detected according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic slow axis interference diagram according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of fast axis interference according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an output waveform of the function generator according to the present invention.
1-Fourier domain mode-locked local oscillator light source, 101-optical amplifier, 102-tunable optical filter, 103-function generator, 104-polarization dispersion management delay line, 105-optical isolator, 106-first polarization maintaining fiber coupler, 107-narrow line width optical filter, 2-optical interface to be detected, 3-single-axis working polarization splitting prism, 4-double-axis working polarization splitting prism, 5-second polarization maintaining fiber coupler, 6-first balance detector, 7-first electric filter, 8-signal processing module, 9-second electric filter, 10-second balance detector, 11-third polarization maintaining fiber coupler, A-local oscillator light beam, A1-slow axis alignment local oscillator light beam, A2-fast axis alignment light beam, b-the light beam to be detected, B1-the slow axis is aligned with the light beam to be detected, B2-the fast axis is aligned with the light beam to be detected, C-the slow axis interference signal, D-the slow axis interference medium frequency component, E-the fast axis interference signal, F-the fast axis interference medium frequency component, B' -the restored spectrum signal,
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely explained below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to illustrate the present embodiment, a coherent spectrum analysis device based on fourier domain mode locking includes a fourier domain mode locking local oscillator light source 1, an optical interface 2 to be detected, a uniaxial working polarization splitting prism 3, a biaxial working polarization splitting prism 4, a second polarization maintaining optical fiber coupler 5, a first balanced detector 6, a first electrical filter 7, a signal processing module 8, a second electrical filter 9, a second balanced detector 10, and a third polarization maintaining optical fiber coupler 11, where the fourier domain mode locking local oscillator light source 1 is connected to the second polarization maintaining optical fiber coupler 5 and the third polarization maintaining optical fiber coupler 11 through the biaxial working polarization splitting prism 4, the optical interface 2 to be detected is connected to the second polarization maintaining optical fiber coupler 5 and the third polarization maintaining optical fiber coupler 11 through the uniaxial working polarization splitting prism 3, and the second polarization maintaining optical fiber coupler 5 is sequentially connected to the first balanced detector 6, The first electric filter 7 is connected with the signal processing module 8 to form a passage; and the third polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 11 is connected with the second balanced detector 10, the second electrical filter 9 and the signal processing module 8 in sequence to form a passage.
The fourier domain mode-locked local oscillator light source 1 described in this embodiment includes an optical amplifier 101, a tunable optical filter 102, a polarization dispersion management delay line 104, an optical isolator 105, a first polarization maintaining fiber coupler 106, and a narrow linewidth optical filter 107, which are connected in sequence, where the tunable optical filter 102 is connected to a function generator 103, and the narrow linewidth optical filter 107 is connected to a second polarization maintaining fiber coupler 5 and a third polarization maintaining fiber coupler 11 through a biaxial working polarization splitting prism 4. The transmission and polarization characteristics of the polarization dispersion management delay line 104 are adjustable, and the polarization dispersion management delay line 104 adjusts and controls the transmission and polarization characteristics by means of writing a chirped grating, a serial dispersion displacement optical fiber, a dispersion compensation optical fiber, a glass sheet, an optical fiber cone or a polarization controller, so that on one hand, the material dispersion among longitudinal mode modes in the Fourier domain mode-locked local oscillator light source 1 is inhibited, and on the other hand, the material dispersion among the longitudinal mode modes in the Fourier domain mode-locked local oscillator light source 1 is limited
Transmission of polarization mode in fourier domain mode-locked local oscillator light source 1, thereby suppressing
A polarization mode and
polarization mode dispersion between polarization modes and the ability to control the polarization state of the local oscillator beam a is shown in fig. 3.
In the embodiment, the tuning period of the function generator 103 is matched with the single-pass transit time of each longitudinal mode in the fourier domain mode-locked local oscillator light source 1, and by matching the tuning period of the function generator 103 with the single-pass transit time of each longitudinal mode in the fourier domain mode-locked local oscillator light source 1, each longitudinal mode can be stably evolved in the fourier domain mode-locked local oscillator light source 1.
In the embodiment, the tunable optical filter 102 controls each longitudinal mode in the fourier domain mode-locked local oscillator light source 1 to be output sequentially according to the wavelength sequence, and the tunable optical filter 102 controls each longitudinal mode to be output sequentially according to the wavelength sequence, so that the repeated start and stop of the local oscillator light beam a in the tuning process in the conventional coherent spectrum analysis device and method are avoided, the fast tuning of the local oscillator light beam a can be realized, and the measurement speed of coherent spectrum analysis is further improved.
The embodiment is an analysis method of a coherent spectrum analysis device based on Fourier domain mode locking, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: the Fourier domain mode locking local oscillator light source 1 generates a local oscillator light beam A, and the local oscillator light beam A is divided into a slow axis alignment local oscillator light beam A1 and a fast axis alignment local oscillator light beam A2 which are equal in amplitude through a double-axis working polarization beam splitter prism 4;
step 2: the light beam B to be detected enters through the light interface 2 to be detected and is divided into a slow-axis alignment light beam B1 and a fast-axis alignment light beam B2 through the single-axis working polarization beam splitter prism 3;
and step 3: the slow axis alignment local oscillation light beam A1 and the slow axis alignment to-be-detected light beam B1 are combined and interfered by the second polarization maintaining optical fiber coupler 5, then converted into a slow axis interference signal C by the first balanced detector 6, and a slow axis interference intermediate frequency component D of the slow axis interference signal C is extracted by the first electric filter 7 and then is transmitted to the signal processing module 8;
and 4, step 4: the fast axis alignment local oscillation light beam A2 and the fast axis alignment to-be-detected light beam B2 are combined and interfered by the third polarization maintaining optical fiber coupler 11, then converted into a fast axis interference signal E by the second balanced detector 10, and the fast axis interference intermediate frequency component F of the fast axis interference signal E is extracted by the second electric filter 9 and then is transmitted to the signal processing module 8;
and 5: the signal processing module 8 obtains a restored spectral signal B' of the light beam B to be detected by integrating the slow axis interference intermediate frequency component D and the fast axis interference intermediate frequency component F.
In the embodiment, the light beam B to be detected in the step 2 is a light beam with any polarization, wherein
A polarization mode and
the polarization mode is divided into a slow axis alignment light beam B1 to be detected and a fast axis alignment light beam B2 by a single-axis working polarization beam splitter prism 3. As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the biaxial working polarization beam splitter 4 splits the linearly polarized local oscillation light beam a into a slow axis alignment local oscillation light beam a1 and a fast axis alignment local oscillation light beam a2 with equal amplitudes; in the beam B to be examined by the single-axis working polarization beam splitter prism 3
A polarization mode and
the polarization mode is divided into a slow-axis alignment light beam B1 to be detected and a fast-axis alignment light beam B2 to be detected; the first balanced detector 6 and the second balanced detector 10 respectively and independently detect the slow axis interference signal C and the fast axis interference signal E, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, and the detection method can prevent the coherent spectrum analysis device and method from being used in coherent spectrum analysis
A polarization mode and
polarization modeCross talk effects, i.e. polarization insensitivity is achieved.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, a slow-axis alignment local oscillation light beam a1 and a slow-axis alignment to-be-detected light beam B1 are subjected to heterodyne interference after being combined by the second polarization maintaining fiber coupler 5, and a generated slow-axis interference signal C is mainly located at a medium-low frequency; after being combined by the third polarization maintaining fiber coupler 11, the fast axis alignment local oscillation light beam A2 and the fast axis alignment light beam B2 to be detected generate heterodyne interference, and the generated fast axis interference signal E is mainly located at middle and low frequency; the first electrical filter 7 and the second electrical filter 9 are used for respectively filtering low-frequency components in the slow axis interference signal C and the fast axis interference signal E to obtain a slow axis interference intermediate-frequency component D and a fast axis interference intermediate-frequency component F, and the influence of the phase difference between the local oscillation light beam A and the light beam B to be detected on the measurement result can be counteracted.
When continuous, repetitive spectral analysis is required, the output waveform of the function generator 103 is set in a sawtooth shape as shown in fig. 8.
The coherent spectrum analysis device and the analysis method based on fourier domain mode locking provided by the invention are described in detail, and the principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific examples, and the description of the examples is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A coherent spectrum analysis device based on Fourier domain mode locking is characterized in that: the device comprises a Fourier domain mode-locking local oscillator light source (1), an optical interface to be detected (2), a single-shaft working polarization splitting prism (3), a double-shaft working polarization splitting prism (4), a second polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler (5), a first balance detector (6), a first electrical filter (7), a signal processing module (8), a second electrical filter (9), a second balance detector (10) and a third polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler (11), wherein the Fourier domain mode-locking local oscillator light source (1) is connected with the second polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler (5) and the third polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler (11) through the double-shaft working polarization splitting prism (4), the optical interface to be detected (2) is connected with the second polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler (5) and the third polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler (11) through the single-shaft working polarization splitting prism (3), and the second polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler (5) is sequentially connected with the first balance detector (6), The first electric filter (7) is connected with the signal processing module (8) to form a passage; and the third polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (11) is sequentially connected with the second balanced detector (10), the second electric filter (9) and the signal processing module (8) to form a passage.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises: the Fourier domain mode-locked local oscillator light source (1) comprises an optical amplifier (101), a tunable optical filter (102), a polarization dispersion management delay line (104), an optical isolator (105), a first polarization-maintaining fiber coupler (106) and a narrow-linewidth optical filter (107) which are connected in sequence,
the tunable optical filter (102) is connected with the function generator (103), and the narrow linewidth optical filter (107) is connected with the second polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler (5) and the third polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler (11) through the biaxial working polarization splitting prism (4).
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the fourier domain mode-locked coherent spectrum analyzer comprises: the transmission and polarization characteristics of the polarization dispersion managed delay line (104) are tunable.
4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the apparatus comprises: the polarization dispersion management delay line (104) regulates and controls transmission and polarization characteristics by means of writing chirped gratings, series dispersion displacement optical fibers, dispersion compensation optical fibers, glass slides, optical fiber cones or polarization controllers.
5. A method for analyzing a coherent spectrum analyzer based on fourier domain mode locking according to claim 1, wherein: it comprises the following steps:
step 1: the Fourier domain mode-locked local oscillation light source (1) generates a local oscillation light beam A, and the local oscillation light beam A is divided into a slow axis alignment local oscillation light beam A1 and a fast axis alignment local oscillation light beam A2 which are equal in amplitude through a double-axis working polarization beam splitter prism (4);
step 2: the light beam B to be detected enters through the light interface (2) to be detected and is divided into a slow-axis alignment light beam B1 to be detected and a fast-axis alignment light beam B2 through a single-axis working polarization beam splitter prism (3);
and step 3: the slow axis alignment local oscillation light beam A1 and the slow axis alignment to-be-detected light beam B1 are combined and interfered by a second polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler (5), then are converted into a slow axis interference signal C by a first balanced detector (6), and a slow axis interference intermediate frequency component D of the slow axis interference signal C is extracted by a first electric filter (7) and then is transmitted to a signal processing module (8);
and 4, step 4: the fast axis alignment local oscillation light beam A2 and the fast axis alignment to-be-detected light beam B2 are combined and interfered by a third polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler (11), then converted into a fast axis interference signal E by a second balanced detector (10), and a fast axis interference intermediate frequency component F of the fast axis interference signal E is extracted by a second electric filter (9) and then is transmitted to a signal processing module (8);
and 5: and the signal processing module (8) obtains a restored spectrum signal B' of the light beam B to be detected by integrating the slow axis interference intermediate frequency component D and the fast axis interference intermediate frequency component F.
6. The analysis method of the coherent spectrum analysis device based on Fourier domain mode locking according to claim 5, wherein: the light beam B to be detected in the step 2 is a light beam with any polarization, wherein
A polarization mode and
the polarization mode is divided into a slow-axis alignment light beam B1 to be detected and a fast-axis alignment light beam B2 by a single-axis working polarization beam splitter prism (3).
7. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the apparatus comprises: when continuous and repetitive spectral analysis is required, the output waveform of the function generator (103) is set to be zigzag.
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| CN101600388A (en) * | 2007-01-10 | 2009-12-09 | 光学实验室成像公司 | The method and apparatus that is used for swept-source optical coherence tomography |
| JP2019113510A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2019-07-11 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | measuring device |
| CN112217563A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-01-12 | 武汉光迅科技股份有限公司 | Optical signal processing method and system, electronic device and storage medium |
| CN112526538A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-19 | 南方科技大学 | Frequency modulation continuous wave laser radar capturing system and method based on FDML |
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