CN113686167B - Air cooling area arrangement method for condenser with large length-diameter ratio - Google Patents
Air cooling area arrangement method for condenser with large length-diameter ratio Download PDFInfo
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- CN113686167B CN113686167B CN202110969960.9A CN202110969960A CN113686167B CN 113686167 B CN113686167 B CN 113686167B CN 202110969960 A CN202110969960 A CN 202110969960A CN 113686167 B CN113686167 B CN 113686167B
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- condenser
- air cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
- F28B1/02—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using water or other liquid as the cooling medium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
- F28B9/04—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for feeding, collecting, and storing cooling water or other cooling liquid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
- F28B9/08—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for collecting and removing condensate
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an air cooling area arrangement method of a condenser with a large length-diameter ratio, which comprises the following steps: (1) surrounding partial areas of part or all of the heat exchange tubes close to tube plates at two ends by using baffles to form two air cooling areas, wherein the air cooling areas are positioned at the lower part of the condenser; each air cooling area is provided with an air exhaust pipe for exhausting the gas-steam mixture in the condenser; (2) the edges of two sides of the baffle are respectively connected with the inner wall of the tube plate and the middle partition plate in a sealing way, and the edges of the other two sides keep a distance with the inner wall of the circumferential shell of the condenser; (3) an air extraction area partitioned by an inner baffle is arranged in the air cooling area, and an air extraction pipe extends downwards from the top of a shell of the condenser to enter the condenser and is communicated with the air extraction area; (4) the periphery of each middle partition plate keeps a distance with the circumferential shell inner wall of the condenser. The condenser manufactured according to the method has the advantages of high heat exchange efficiency, low energy consumption and low manufacturing cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a condenser for steam exhaust condensation of a steam turbine, in particular to an arrangement method of an air cooling area of the condenser with a large length-diameter ratio (more than 3).
Background
The condenser is provided with a certain number of pipes (i.e., heat exchange pipes) for cooling the sucked gas-steam mixture for the purpose of establishing a lower suction temperature for the vacuum-pumping equipment to obtain a predetermined suction pressure because of the need for maintaining vacuum, and the steam flow introduced into the condenser is smoothly guided to flow and cooled toward both ends of the heat exchange pipes to reduce the exhaust resistance of the steam turbine and maintain the operating pressure of the condenser. These heat exchanger tubes are also referred to as air cooling tubes for cooling the gas-steam mixture to be extracted, and the region of the air cooling tubes arranged above the condenser is referred to as the air cooling zone.
The heat exchange tubes of the existing condenser (see fig. 3 and 4) are divided into main cooling zone tubes and air cooling zone tubes; a certain number of heat exchange tubes are used as an air cooling area, and the air cooling area is surrounded by a baffle plate and extends to the length direction of the whole condenser; the baffle plate is internally provided with a left baffle plate and a right baffle plate, and is provided with an air suction opening. General air cooling district bilateral symmetry and interval ground are arranged keeping away from condenser admission port one side, set up two extraction openings about respectively simultaneously. When the air cooling area works, air-steam mixture is sucked from the spaces at the two ends of the tube plate and is pumped out from the air pumping hole. For the condenser with a large length-diameter ratio, due to the fact that the air cooling area is long and the number of baffle plates in the air cooling area is large, the suction capacity of the condenser is insufficient under the specified suction capacity, the exhaust pressure (namely the inlet pressure of the steam entering the air inlet of the condenser or the condensation pressure of the condenser) exceeds the design value, or an air extraction device with a larger capacity is arranged for maintaining the normal inlet pressure of the condenser, and further more energy consumption is generated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the background technology and provide the air cooling area arrangement method of the condenser with the large length-diameter ratio.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
an air cooling area arrangement method of a condenser with a large length-diameter ratio comprises the following steps:
(1) surrounding partial areas of part or all of the heat exchange tubes close to tube plates at two ends by using baffles to form two air cooling areas, wherein the air cooling areas are positioned at the lower part of the condenser; each air cooling area is provided with an air exhaust pipe for exhausting the gas-steam mixture in the condenser;
(2) the two side edges of the baffle are respectively connected with the inner wall of the tube plate and the middle partition plate in a sealing manner, and the other two side edges keep a distance with the inner wall of the circumferential shell of the condenser so as to form a gas-steam mixture inlet;
(3) an air extraction area partitioned by an inner baffle is arranged in the air cooling area, and an air extraction pipe extends downwards from the top of a shell of the condenser to enter the condenser and is communicated with the air extraction area so as to extract a gas-steam mixture in the air cooling area;
(4) the periphery of each middle partition plate keeps a distance with the inner wall of the circumferential shell of the condenser and is used as a channel for the gas-steam mixture to flow to an air cooling area.
The two side edges of the inner baffle are respectively connected with the inner wall of the tube plate and the intermediate baffle in a sealing manner, and the other two side edges keep intervals with the inner wall of the circumferential shell of the condenser so as to form a gas-steam mixture inlet flowing to the air extraction area.
When the air cooling area comprises a plurality of intermediate clapboards, all the parts of the intermediate clapboards positioned in the air cooling area are provided with the internal connecting holes so as to pump the gas-steam mixture in the air cooling area out of the exhaust pipe.
The baffle is provided with a plurality of flow guide holes.
The baffle is formed by folding a flat plate; the plane of the flat plate is parallel to the length direction of the condenser.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the heat exchange tube length direction both ends are because unable forward face gets into the steam inlet of condenser, therefore heat exchange efficiency is lower. The air cooling zones are all arranged at the two ends of the heat exchange tube in the length direction (the proportion of the air cooling zones occupying the length of the heat exchange tube can be selected according to needs), and the part of the air cooling zone which is originally positioned in the middle of the condenser and faces the steam inlet of the condenser can be used as the main cooling zone, so that the whole heat exchange efficiency of the condenser can be effectively improved, and the heat exchange areas at the two ends of the heat exchange tube in the slender condenser can be better utilized (the heat exchange tube surrounded in the air cooling zone is not a pure air cooling tube any more, and also participates in the heat exchange of the main cooling zone).
In addition, the number of the heat exchange tubes surrounded in the air cooling area can be selected and determined according to needs (namely, the size of the space occupied by the air cooling area on the cross section of the condenser is selected), so that the heat exchange efficiency of the condenser is improved.
2. The heat exchange tube interlude does not have the sheltering from of baffle or fender pipe, and the steam extraction of steam turbine can more get into the condenser in the steam admission impact area and cool off to reduce the steam flow to the diffusion of condenser length direction both ends, thereby reduce the flow resistance of steam and alleviate air exhaust device's load, reduce air exhaust device and maintain the energy consumption and the device configuration of equal exhaust pressure.
3. The covering area of the steam inlet is not blocked by a baffle or a blocking pipe, so that the impact flow field resistance of the exhaust steam of the steam turbine when entering the condenser is smaller.
4. The distance between the gas-steam mixture and the air cooling area is shorter, the gas-steam mixture can reach the air cooling area as soon as possible and be pumped out as soon as possible, the vacuum of the condenser can be better maintained, and the energy consumption and the configuration of an air pumping device are reduced.
5. The air cooling area is not provided with the baffle plate, the flow direction of the gas-steam mixture in the air cooling area is orthogonal to the axis of the heat exchange tube, the flow resistance of the gas-steam mixture is small, and the improvement of the heat exchange efficiency is facilitated.
6. The air cooling area surrounded at the two ends of the heat exchange tube has a simple structure, occupies a smaller arrangement space of the tube plate, and also enables the pore space of the intermediate partition plate to be larger, thereby being more favorable for the diffusion of steam to the two ends of the condenser in the length direction.
7. The baffle plate of the air cooling area is not arranged in the middle area of the pipe, and no baffle plate is arranged in the pipe, so that the construction of the air cooling area is easy, and the used materials are less; the production cost is also reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view (sectional view) of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a left side view schematic structural diagram of the embodiment of the present invention (for clarity of the drawing, all heat exchange tubes are omitted in the drawing, and water chambers at the left and right ends of the condenser are also omitted).
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a conventional condenser.
Fig. 4 is a left side view schematic structure diagram of a conventional condenser (for clarity of the drawing, all heat exchange tubes are omitted in the drawing, and water chambers at the left and right ends of the condenser are also omitted).
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The existing condenser is provided with a considerable number of heat exchange tubes, including 2220 tubes of 2000 tubes in a main cooling area and 220 tubes in an air cooling area, and a plurality of intermediate clapboards which are parallel to each other and are arranged at a certain distance in pairs; after all the tubes penetrate through all the middle partition plates, two ends of each tube are connected with the joints on the tube plates and are communicated with the water chambers outside the tube plates, so that condensed water is introduced to condense steam entering the condenser during working; the periphery of each intermediate partition plate is also kept away from the circumferential inner wall (inner circumferential wall surface) of the condenser to be used as a channel for the flow of the gas-steam mixture to the air cooling area.
The tubes in the air cooling area are surrounded by baffles in the condenser, and baffles (shown in the figure as a single side, 10 upper baffles and 8 lower baffles) are arranged in the baffles. The baffle plate penetrates through 9 middle partition plates of the condenser, two ends of the tube plate are disconnected to form a gas-steam mixture inlet, and the air pumping port is arranged at a position which is lower than the middle of the condenser in the axial direction.
The heat exchange tubes of the condenser comprise 2220 total heat exchange tubes of the air cooling area and the main cooling area in the baffle. The baffle inserts and makes the air cooling district layout range be close to the steam vent, and the baffle of inserting the tube bank also makes the resistance of steam exhaust great, therefore has influenced heat exchange efficiency.
The improvement of the invention is that: the interval of 2 intermediate partitions close to the tube plate end is selected and the baffles are adopted to surround 602 tubes (the number of the surrounded tubes can be calculated according to the length and the required area; can also be determined according to the requirement) to serve as the air cooling area, wherein the part of the first intermediate partition, which is surrounded by the baffles, is provided with an interconnecting hole (the two partitions are communicated with each other), and the second intermediate partition is used for closing the air cooling area. The two side edges of the baffle are respectively connected with the inner wall of the tube plate and the middle partition plate in a sealing way (as can be seen from figure 2, the left side edge of the baffle is connected with the inner wall of the tube plate in a sealing way, the right side edge of the baffle is connected with the middle partition plate in a sealing way, and the right side edge of the baffle is connected with the inner wall of the tube plate in a sealing way, and the left side edge of the baffle is connected with the middle partition plate in a sealing way). The other two side edges of the baffle are kept at intervals with the inner wall of the circumferential shell of the condenser (see figure 1) to form a gas-steam mixture inlet (a main inlet).
Furthermore, the baffle plate can be provided with a plurality of diversion holes (the size and the number of the diversion holes are determined according to requirements) as auxiliary suction inlets of the gas-steam mixture.
An air extraction area partitioned by an inner baffle is arranged in the air cooling area, no heat exchange tube is arranged in the air extraction area, and the distance is kept between the top end of the inner baffle and the baffle to be used as a channel of a gas-steam mixture. The two side edges of the inner baffle are respectively connected with the inner wall of the tube plate and the middle partition plate in a sealing way (as can be seen from figure 2, in the left air cooling area, the left side edge of the inner baffle is connected with the inner wall of the tube plate in a sealing way, the right side edge of the inner baffle is connected with the middle partition plate in a sealing way, in the right air cooling area, the right side edge of the inner baffle is connected with the inner wall of the tube plate in a sealing way, and the left side edge of the inner baffle is connected with the middle partition plate in a sealing way). The other two side edges of the inner baffle respectively keep a distance with the inner wall of the circumferential shell of the condenser so as to form a gas-steam mixture inlet (see figure 1). The gas-steam mixture at the bottom of the main cooling area can enter the bottom of the air cooling area from inlets at the edges of the two sides of the inner baffle. The air exhaust pipe extends downwards from the top of the condenser shell to enter the condenser (as can be seen from fig. 1, the downward extending path of the air exhaust pipe is substantially located in the center of the condenser), and then the air exhaust pipe is communicated with the top of the air cooling zone to extract the gas-steam mixture in the air cooling zone.
Furthermore, when the air cooling area comprises a plurality of intermediate partition plates, the parts of the intermediate partition plates, which are positioned in the air cooling area, are all provided with the interconnecting holes so as to reduce the flow resistance of the gas-steam mixture in the air cooling area.
Further, the air cooling zone may be centrally disposed; on the cross section of the condenser, the central line of the air cooling area is collinear with the vertical central line of the condenser, so that each air cooling area is divided into two parts which are distributed at two sides of the central line; the condenser can also be obliquely arranged, namely, on the cross section of the condenser, the center line of the air cooling area and the vertical center line of the condenser are separated by a certain angle, and the angle is specifically selected according to the requirement.
Further, the baffle is formed by folding a flat plate (in the figure, the baffle is shown to be folded into three planes); the plane of the flat plate is parallel to the length direction of the condenser.
The arrows in the figure indicate the direction of movement of the steam (gas-steam mixture).
Compared with a condenser with a large length-diameter ratio or a longer large round condenser, the air cooling zone arrangement mode of the invention can achieve remarkable effects on the improvement of the heat exchange efficiency of the condenser, the reduction of the exhaust resistance, the reduction of the energy consumption of the air extractor and the light weight of the device configuration, and also better solves the problem of poor heat exchange effect at two ends of the slender heat exchanger, so that the condenser obtains higher thermal performance. Meanwhile, the air cooling area is simple in structure, so that the whole pipe distribution area can be more compact, the condenser can obtain lower cost and better performance, the running energy consumption of a system is reduced, and the competitiveness of products is improved.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
after the exhaust steam of the steam turbine enters the steam inlet of the condenser, the exhaust steam firstly exchanges heat with all the heat exchange tubes facing to the positive direction; because the area directly opposite to the exhaust steam is not provided with the air cooling area baffle, the resistance of the exhaust steam entering is smaller, and the entering steam can be cooled more. The air suction port is arranged in the middle of the closed length direction of the air cooling area and is closer to the suction port of the air-steam mixture; the air cooling area is not provided with baffle plates, so that the suction resistance is small. The gas-steam mixture enters the air cooling area through the inlet of the baffle plate, and the main flow direction is along the radial flow of the heat exchange tube, so that the heat exchange effect is better. The baffle plate is not arranged in the air cooling area, and the baffle plate and the heat exchange tube in the air cooling area are easier to install.
According to measurement and calculation, the air cooling area arrangement method provided by the invention can improve the heat exchange efficiency by more than 3%, reduce the steam exhaust resistance by about 10% and reduce the air exhaust resistance by about 50%.
Claims (4)
1. An air cooling area arrangement method of a condenser with a large length-diameter ratio comprises the following steps:
(1) surrounding partial areas of part or all of the heat exchange tubes close to tube plates at two ends by using baffles to form two air cooling areas, wherein the air cooling areas are positioned at two ends of the condenser in the length direction; each air cooling area is provided with an air exhaust pipe for exhausting the gas-steam mixture in the condenser; when the air cooling zone comprises part of the heat exchange tubes, the air cooling zone is positioned at the lower part of the condenser;
(2) the baffle is formed by downwards turning a flat plate, and the plane of the flat plate is parallel to the length direction of the condenser; the edges of two sides of the baffle along the length direction of the condenser are respectively in sealing connection with the inner wall of the tube plate and the middle partition plate, and the edges of the other two sides turned downwards respectively keep a distance from the inner wall of the circumferential shell of the condenser so as to form a gas-steam mixture inlet;
(3) an air extraction area partitioned by an inner baffle is arranged in the air cooling area, and an air extraction pipe extends downwards from the top of a shell of the condenser to enter the condenser and is communicated with the air extraction area so as to extract a gas-steam mixture in the air cooling area;
(4) the periphery of each middle partition plate keeps a distance with the circumferential inner wall of the condenser and is used as a channel for the gas-steam mixture to flow to the air cooling area.
2. The air cooling zone arrangement method of the condenser with the large length-diameter ratio according to claim 1, wherein: the two side edges of the inner baffle plate along the length direction of the condenser are respectively connected with the inner wall of the tube plate and the middle partition plate in a sealing mode, and the bottom of the inner baffle plate keeps a distance with the inner wall of the circumferential shell of the condenser so as to form a gas-steam mixture inlet flowing to the air suction area.
3. The method for arranging the air cooling area of the condenser with the large length-diameter ratio as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the air cooling area comprises a plurality of intermediate partition plates, all the parts of the intermediate partition plates located in the air cooling area are provided with the interconnecting holes so as to extract the gas-steam mixture in the air cooling area from the extraction pipes.
4. The air cooling zone arrangement method of the condenser with the large length-diameter ratio according to claim 3, characterized in that: the baffle is provided with a plurality of flow guide holes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110969960.9A CN113686167B (en) | 2021-08-23 | 2021-08-23 | Air cooling area arrangement method for condenser with large length-diameter ratio |
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| CN202110969960.9A CN113686167B (en) | 2021-08-23 | 2021-08-23 | Air cooling area arrangement method for condenser with large length-diameter ratio |
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| CN113686167B true CN113686167B (en) | 2022-07-08 |
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Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB410824A (en) * | 1932-11-24 | 1934-05-24 | Harry Bentley | Improvements in and relating to air cooled steam condensers |
| NL7708886A (en) * | 1977-08-11 | 1979-02-13 | Stork Koninklijke Maschf | Steam surface condenser - has rows of tubes forming steam passages in planes intersecting past each bundle |
| SU1011990A1 (en) * | 1980-10-24 | 1983-04-15 | Предприятие П/Я А-1125 | Surface condenser |
| RU2047071C1 (en) * | 1992-02-13 | 1995-10-27 | Акционерное общество открытого типа "УралВНИПИэнергопром" | Steam-turbine condensing unit |
| CN101031767A (en) * | 2006-03-27 | 2007-09-05 | 布哈拉特强电有限公司 | Steam condenser with tow chennal bundles designing |
| CN202734594U (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2013-02-13 | 杭州国能汽轮工程有限公司 | Steam baffle structure in air condensing region of condenser steam chamber |
| CN202993894U (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-06-12 | 北京广厦环能科技有限公司 | Corrugated pipe vacuum condenser |
| CN203837515U (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-09-17 | 北京全四维动力科技有限公司 | Novel condenser tube row |
| CN206037748U (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-03-22 | 德阳东汽电站机械制造有限公司 | Novel condenser of stringing mode |
| CN212645407U (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2021-03-02 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂辅机工程有限公司 | Condenser that many processes tube bank was arranged |
-
2021
- 2021-08-23 CN CN202110969960.9A patent/CN113686167B/en active Active
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB410824A (en) * | 1932-11-24 | 1934-05-24 | Harry Bentley | Improvements in and relating to air cooled steam condensers |
| NL7708886A (en) * | 1977-08-11 | 1979-02-13 | Stork Koninklijke Maschf | Steam surface condenser - has rows of tubes forming steam passages in planes intersecting past each bundle |
| SU1011990A1 (en) * | 1980-10-24 | 1983-04-15 | Предприятие П/Я А-1125 | Surface condenser |
| RU2047071C1 (en) * | 1992-02-13 | 1995-10-27 | Акционерное общество открытого типа "УралВНИПИэнергопром" | Steam-turbine condensing unit |
| CN101031767A (en) * | 2006-03-27 | 2007-09-05 | 布哈拉特强电有限公司 | Steam condenser with tow chennal bundles designing |
| CN202734594U (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2013-02-13 | 杭州国能汽轮工程有限公司 | Steam baffle structure in air condensing region of condenser steam chamber |
| CN202993894U (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-06-12 | 北京广厦环能科技有限公司 | Corrugated pipe vacuum condenser |
| CN203837515U (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-09-17 | 北京全四维动力科技有限公司 | Novel condenser tube row |
| CN206037748U (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-03-22 | 德阳东汽电站机械制造有限公司 | Novel condenser of stringing mode |
| CN212645407U (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2021-03-02 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂辅机工程有限公司 | Condenser that many processes tube bank was arranged |
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