CN113681901B - Sand table forming dynamic slicing method based on three-dimensional data driving - Google Patents
Sand table forming dynamic slicing method based on three-dimensional data driving Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
- B29C64/129—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask
- B29C64/135—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask the energy source being concentrated, e.g. scanning lasers or focused light sources
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/702—Imitation articles, e.g. statues, mannequins
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/30—Computing systems specially adapted for manufacturing
Abstract
The invention discloses a sand table forming dynamic slicing method based on three-dimensional data driving, which comprises the steps of constructing an STL model, obtaining characteristic data of a sand table to be printed from the STL model, and training the characteristic data to obtain an optimal slicing processing scheme; according to the optimal slicing processing scheme, carrying out layered slicing processing on the STL model to obtain first contour data of each layer of slices, and preprocessing the first contour data to obtain second contour data; in the layering and slicing process, triangular patches corresponding to the layering heights in various patches are required to be automatically adjusted according to different layering heights; and optimizing the second contour data to obtain third contour data after curve fitting, converting the third contour data into a G code which can be identified by a three-dimensional printing machine, and guiding the printer to print layer by layer. Compared with the traditional method, the manufacturing accuracy is higher, meanwhile, the proportion can be arbitrarily enlarged and reduced, and meanwhile, the error caused by splicing of the sand table is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing, and particularly relates to a sand table forming dynamic slicing method based on three-dimensional data driving.
Background
The sand table has wide application, can vividly display the terrain of a battle area, and represents the conditions of enemy and my battle composition, force deployment, weapon configuration and the like. The traditional sand table is a model which is piled by silt, foam and other materials according to a certain proportion relation according to a topographic map, an aerial photograph or a ground terrain. 3D printing refers to the process of manufacturing a digital model into a three-dimensional entity in a material layer-by-layer increasing mode. According to the shape of the sand table to be printed, the 3D printing technology is used for printing the sand table, a plurality of sections with certain micro thickness and special shapes need to be manufactured, and then the sections are bonded layer by layer to obtain the needed sand table model. The 3D printing process essentially adopts the idea of dispersion and superposition, namely, the three-dimensional model is sliced in the dispersion process, and the obtained layer information is subjected to data processing, but at present, 3D printing can only use one material, and cannot mix materials with different physical characteristics, so that ground objects of different types cannot be represented more finely and vividly in the sand table manufacturing process. At present, certain achievements are obtained in manufacturing technology research based on three-dimensional data visualization, but limited by data forms, a large amount of artificial optimization compensation needs to be carried out on a model before additive manufacturing, the time consumption of a processing process after forming is tedious, and the application of an additive manufacturing technology in the aspect of rapid and efficient topographic data display is restricted. Deep research needs to be carried out on the aspects of geographic element segmentation, identification and vectorization, three-dimensional model optimization compensation, path planning and the like. The invention combines the functional requirements of the sand table and the additive manufacturing process, mainly researches raw materials and processes suitable for the additive manufacturing of the coastal sand table, and determines the compensation amount in the additive manufacturing process of the sand table. And the sand table is vivid in effect and rich in details by combining post-processing technologies such as acoustics, optics and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to reduce errors caused by splicing of the sand table and improve the printing speed and the sand table precision through integration of 3D printing according to actual requirements.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a sand table forming dynamic slicing method based on three-dimensional data driving comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring a data original file of the sand table, converting the original file format into an STL file, and reading data in the STL file to construct an STL model;
s2, training the STL model to obtain an optimal slice processing scheme;
s3, according to the optimal slicing processing scheme, carrying out layered slicing processing on the STL model of the sand table to be printed to obtain first contour data of slices of each layer, preprocessing the first contour data, reserving micro characteristic points, and eliminating redundant points to obtain second contour data;
and S4, optimizing the second contour data to obtain third contour data after curve fitting, converting the third contour data into G codes which can be identified by a three-dimensional printing machine, and guiding the printer to print layer by layer.
Optionally, the step of finding the optimal slice processing scheme in S2 includes: the method comprises the steps of training a triangular patch of an STL model to obtain a plurality of schemes, evaluating the plurality of schemes, sequencing evaluation results according to a sequence, selecting an optimal slicing processing scheme, and storing the optimal slicing processing scheme in a slicing scheme database for updating the slicing scheme database.
Optionally, all triangle patches of the STL model need to be sorted into groups before the STL model is trained.
Optionally, the basis of the grouping and sorting includes sand table forming precision, cutting speed and production cost:
according to the geometrical characteristics in the triangular patches, all the triangular patches are grouped and sequenced to establish a first grouping relation;
according to the height of the sand table model, grouping and ordering all the triangular surface patches to establish a second grouping relation;
selecting materials required by the sand table to be printed according to the characteristics of the sand table model, and establishing a third grouping relation;
judging the priority of the first grouping relation, the second grouping relation and the third grouping relation, wherein when the requirement on the molding precision of the sand table is high, the priority of the second grouping relation is the highest;
when the requirement on the cutting speed is high, the priority of the first grouping relation is highest;
the third grouping relation has the highest priority when the requirement on the production cost is high.
Optionally, the geometric features are sorted according to the size of projection by calculating the size of projection of vertex coordinates in a triangular patch along the slice direction, and the first grouping relationship is obtained;
according to the height of the sand table model after the scale is converted, grouping each triangular patch, labeling the triangular patches with different heights and then sequencing to obtain a second grouping relation;
selecting one or more materials according to budget and actual action requirements to form a plurality of schemes, and sequencing the budgets of the schemes to obtain a third grouping relation;
and training the triangular patch according to different priorities to obtain first contour data.
Optionally, before calculating the sand table forming accuracy, it needs to judge: whether the sand table is a straight line side slice or a curve side slice is used for controlling the surface roughness of the sand table model,
the relationship of surface roughness to slice thickness was calculated according to the following formula:
h-2 Ra/| -cos α |, where H is the slice thickness, Ra is the sand table surface roughness, when sliced for straight edges: α is the slope of the straight boundary line, when the curve is sliced: alpha is the slope of a tangent at a certain point.
Optionally, the preprocessing in S3 includes: and judging the data points of the first contour data twice by adopting a chord height angle method, firstly carrying out rough judgment, carrying out fine judgment if the chord height of the data points is less than or equal to a first threshold, otherwise, keeping the data points, deleting the data points if the deflection angle of the data points is less than or equal to a second threshold when the fine judgment is carried out, and otherwise, keeping the data points.
Optionally, optimizing the second contour data comprises removing points that are not useful in slicing the contour polygon by simplifying polygon vertices.
The invention has the technical effects that: according to military surveying and mapping data, a three-dimensional image file is established, and then a military sand table model is printed out through 3D. Meanwhile, due to the integrated characteristic of 3D printing, errors caused by splicing of the sand table are reduced.
Due to different materials, the printed sand table has different effects; the layering will be different in the way the components are built, and will also be different in effect. By using the method, a plurality of slicing schemes are compared according to actual requirements to obtain an optimal processing scheme, and even if a plurality of materials are used in the printing process, the description of different types of ground objects in the sand table manufacturing process can be more exquisite and vivid.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of slicing a sand table according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the invention discloses a sand table forming dynamic slicing method based on three-dimensional data driving, comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring a data original file of the sand table to be printed, converting the original file format into an STL file, and reading data in the STL file to construct an STL model;
s2, acquiring characteristic data of the sand table to be printed from the STL model, and training the characteristic data to obtain an optimal slice processing scheme;
s3, according to the optimal slicing processing scheme, carrying out layered slicing processing on the STL model to obtain first contour data of slices of each layer, carrying out preprocessing on the first contour data, reserving micro feature points, and eliminating redundant points to obtain second contour data;
the first contour data is composed of a series of tiny line segments, the slice contour comprises more tiny line segments and non-characteristic redundant points, dense data points can reduce the running speed of a computer, occupy larger memory, reduce the smoothness of the operation of a spray head during printing and influence the forming efficiency and quality. Therefore, the first contour data needs to be preprocessed according to actual printing requirements, tiny feature points are reserved, redundant points are eliminated, and second contour data are obtained;
it should be noted that the production of the landform in the sand table model production process is very important, and is the most important link in the production of the military sand table model, the production of the sand table model landform is to control the basic shape and contour line of the landform, then the corresponding positions of various landforms are arranged on the sand table model, then the flags are inserted, the height of the flags is the proportional height of the landform plus the thickness of the bottom layer sand soil, and finally the sand table model with the flag stack is provided, so that the landform is really restored. Some of the model facilities above the sand table model for the terrain include: houses, railways, bridges, trees, independent ground features and the like, the materials for building landforms and model facilities are different, for example, roads and villages are represented by paper or cloth strips with different widths, forests are represented by small branches or green sawdust and the like, the size of the ground features is required to be matched with a horizontal scale, and the requirement on the relation position is correct. In order to obtain a complete sand table model, in this embodiment, layered slicing and divisional printing are performed simultaneously depending on the material used in slicing and layering.
And S4, optimizing the second contour data to obtain third contour data after sample striping and discretization, converting the third contour data into a G code which can be identified by a three-dimensional printing machine, and guiding the printer to print layer by layer.
Further optimizing the scheme, the step of finding the optimal slice processing scheme in S2 includes: training a triangular patch of the STL model to obtain a plurality of schemes, evaluating the plurality of schemes, sequencing evaluation results in sequence, selecting an optimal slicing processing scheme, and storing the optimal slicing processing scheme in a slicing scheme database for updating the slicing scheme database;
in the layering and slicing process, triangular patches corresponding to the layering heights in various patches are required to be automatically adjusted according to different layering heights, so that unnecessary judgment of intersection relations with other patches is reduced, and slicing efficiency is improved;
in a further optimization scheme, all triangular patches of the STL model need to be grouped and ordered before the STL model is sliced hierarchically.
Further optimizing the scheme, the basis of grouping and sequencing comprises sand table forming precision, cutting speed and production cost:
according to the geometric features in the triangular patches, all the triangular patches are grouped and sequenced to establish a first grouping relation;
according to the height of the sand table model, grouping and ordering all the triangular surface patches to establish a second grouping relation;
selecting materials required by the sand table to be printed according to the characteristics of the sand table model, and establishing a third grouping relation;
judging the priority of the first grouping relation, the second grouping relation and the third grouping relation, wherein when the requirement on the molding precision of the sand table is high, the priority of the second grouping relation is the highest;
when the requirement on the cutting speed is high, the priority of the first grouping relation is highest;
the third grouping relation has the highest priority when the requirement on the production cost is high.
And respectively training the triangular patch data according to different priorities. When a triangular patch is trained, firstly, the triangular patch is subjected to meshing, then classification is carried out, a link relation is established among coordinates, vertexes, edges, the triangular patch and layers of a model, and a topological relation is obtained;
and layering the triangles according to the topological relation, solving the intersection point of each layer, and sequentially executing to obtain a closed contour line, namely first contour data.
According to the further optimization scheme, the geometrical characteristics are sorted according to the projection size by calculating the projection size of the vertex coordinates in the triangular patch along the slice direction, and the first grouping relation is obtained;
according to the height of the sand table model after the scale is converted, grouping each triangular patch, labeling the triangular patches with different heights and then sequencing to obtain a second grouping relation;
and selecting one or more materials according to budget and actual action requirements to form a plurality of schemes, and sequencing the budgets of the schemes, namely the third grouping relation.
Further optimizing the scheme, need judge before calculating sand table shaping precision: whether the sand table is a straight line side slice or a curve side slice is used for controlling the surface roughness of the sand table model,
the relationship of surface roughness to slice thickness was calculated according to the following formula:
h2 Ra/| -cos α |, where H is the slice thickness, Ra is the sand table surface roughness, when sliced for straight edges: α is the slope of the straight boundary line, when the curve is sliced: alpha is the slope of a tangent at a certain point.
In a further optimization scheme, the preprocessing in S3 includes: and judging the data points in the first contour data twice by adopting a chord height angle method, firstly carrying out rough judgment, carrying out fine judgment if the chord height of the data points is less than or equal to a first threshold, otherwise, keeping the data points, deleting the data points if the deflection angle of the data points is less than or equal to a second threshold when the fine judgment is carried out, and otherwise, keeping the data points. According to the method, more data points can be reserved at the high curvature change position and more detailed feature points can be reserved in the low curvature segment according to the terrain characteristics in the sand table model, complex original contour information can be well represented by using fewer discrete points, the overall result density has rank, and the simplification effect is better.
Further optimization, optimizing the second profile data includes removing points that are not useful in slicing the profile polygon by simplifying polygon vertices.
By adopting SLA photocuring technical principle and by adopting the laser scanning liquid photosensitive resin rapid forming machine, the SPS600 photocuring laser rapid forming machine is adopted in the embodiment, the precision is up to 0.05mm, and the printing is carried out at 360 degrees without dead angles. The method comprises the steps of filling liquid photosensitive resin materials in a containing tank, controlling an irradiation path of ultraviolet light through a computer according to layered two-dimensional layer information, enabling the photosensitive resin to be rapidly solidified into a layer when the photosensitive resin is irradiated by ultraviolet light, moving a forming platform downwards according to the layered thickness through the computer after the layer is manufactured, repeating the steps according to new two-dimensional layer information, and stacking the layers until a designed three-dimensional sand table solid model is manufactured. The sand table model has the advantages that the manufacturing cost of the sand table model is obviously reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and unprecedented improvement in the aspects of precision, surface quality, material types, reliability, stability and the like can be realized.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (3)
1. A sand table forming dynamic slicing method based on three-dimensional data driving is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring a data original file of the sand table, converting the original file format into an STL file, and reading data in the STL file to construct an STL model;
s2, training the STL model to obtain an optimal slice processing scheme;
s3, according to the optimal slicing processing scheme, carrying out layered slicing processing on the STL model of the sand table to be printed to obtain first contour data of slices of each layer, preprocessing the first contour data, reserving micro characteristic points, and eliminating redundant points to obtain second contour data;
s4, optimizing the second contour data to obtain third contour data after curve fitting, converting the third contour data into a G code which can be identified by a three-dimensional printing machine, and guiding a printer to print layer by layer;
the step of finding the optimal slice processing scheme in S2 includes: training a triangular patch of the STL model to obtain a plurality of schemes, evaluating errors and precision of the schemes, sequencing evaluation results according to a sequence, selecting an optimal slicing processing scheme, storing the optimal slicing processing scheme in a slicing scheme database, and updating the slicing scheme database;
before training the STL model, all triangular patches of the STL model need to be grouped and sequenced;
the basis of the grouping and sequencing comprises sand table forming precision, cutting speed and production cost:
according to the geometric features in the triangular patches, all the triangular patches are grouped and sequenced to establish a first grouping relation;
according to the height of the sand table model, grouping and ordering all the triangular surface patches to establish a second grouping relation;
selecting materials required by the sand table to be printed according to the characteristics of the sand table model, and establishing a third grouping relation;
judging the priority of the first grouping relation, the second grouping relation and the third grouping relation, wherein when the requirement on the molding precision of the sand table is high, the priority of the second grouping relation is the highest;
when the requirement on the cutting speed is high, the priority of the first grouping relation is highest;
when the requirement on the production cost is high, the priority of the third grouping relation is highest;
the geometrical characteristics are sorted according to the projection size by calculating the projection size of the vertex coordinates in the triangular patch along the slicing direction, and the first grouping relation is obtained;
grouping each triangular patch according to the height of the sand table model after the scale is converted, labeling the triangular patches with different heights and then sequencing to obtain a second grouping relation;
selecting one or more materials according to budget and actual action requirements to form a plurality of schemes, and sequencing the budgets of the schemes to obtain a third grouping relation;
training the triangular patch according to different priorities to obtain first contour data;
before calculating the sand table forming precision, judging: whether the sand table is a straight line side slice or a curve side slice is used for controlling the surface roughness of the sand table model,
the relationship of surface roughness to slice thickness was calculated according to the following formula:
h2 Ra/| -cos α |, where H is the slice thickness, Ra is the sand table surface roughness, when sliced for straight edges: α is the slope of the straight boundary line, when the curve is sliced: alpha is the slope of a tangent at a certain point.
2. The three-dimensional data driving-based sand table shaping dynamic slicing method of claim 1, wherein the preprocessing in S3 comprises: and judging the data points in the first contour data twice by adopting a chord height angle method, firstly carrying out rough judgment, carrying out fine judgment if the chord height of the data points is less than or equal to a first threshold, otherwise, keeping the data points, deleting the data points if the deflection angle of the data points is less than or equal to a second threshold when the fine judgment is carried out, and otherwise, keeping the data points.
3. The three-dimensional data driven-based sand table shaping dynamic slicing method of claim 2, wherein optimizing the second contour data comprises removing points that are not useful in slicing the contour polygons by simplifying polygon vertices.
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