CN113676415A - Network load balancing method and device and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Network load balancing method and device and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a network load balancing method, a network load balancing device and an electronic product, and belongs to the technical field of communication. The load balancing method comprises the following steps: when the load migration is determined to be needed in the network, screening the network elements to be migrated and the network elements to be migrated based on a first preset rule; and aiming at various network systems, calculating the number of users in the network element to be migrated and the average number of users of each network element in the network element pool, and determining the number of users to be migrated in various network systems. In the invention, the number of users to be migrated is respectively calculated according to the user difference in different network systems, so that the load balance of the network element pool and the peak load of peripheral equipment of the SAE-GW network element can be simultaneously ensured to be lower than corresponding early warning thresholds after load migration, and the safe and stable operation of the whole network is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for network load balancing, and an electronic device.
Background
At present, in order to realize load balancing in a network, the number of users to be migrated and the direction to be migrated are generally determined through artificial rough estimation so as to perform load migration. Because the difference of the flow models of users of different network systems on the SAE-GW network element is not considered, the influence degree of the number of users to be migrated under different network systems on the SAE-GW network element load cannot be accurately evaluated, and whether the peak load of upstream and downstream equipment butted with the SAE-GW network element after the users migrate reaches an early warning threshold or not is not simultaneously evaluated, so that the load balance degree of a network element pool and the peak load of peripheral equipment of the SAE-GW network element are difficult to simultaneously ensure to be lower than the corresponding early warning threshold after the loads are migrated in the network at present, and the safety and the stable operation of the whole network are not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that network load balancing is difficult to realize under different network systems, the invention provides a method, a device and electronic equipment for network load balancing, so that loads in a network can quickly and effectively enter a balanced state.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for balancing network load, including: when the load migration is determined to be needed in the network, screening the network elements to be migrated and the network elements to be migrated based on a first preset rule; and aiming at various network systems, calculating the number of users in the network element to be migrated and the average number of users of each network element in the network element pool, and determining the number of users to be migrated in various network systems.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for balancing network load, including: the target network element determining module is used for screening the network elements to be migrated and the network elements to be migrated based on a first preset rule when the load migration in the network is determined to be required; and the user number determining module is used for calculating the number of users in the network element to be migrated and the average number of users of each network element in the network element pool aiming at various network standards and determining the number of users to be migrated under various network standards.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device comprising: a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, which computer program, when executed by the processor, carries out the steps of the method as described above.
In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method as described above.
According to the network load balancing method provided by the invention, when the load migration is determined to be needed, the number of users to be migrated is respectively calculated for various network systems, and then the number of users to be migrated in each network system is determined. Compared with the prior art, the invention respectively calculates the number of users to be migrated according to the user difference in different network systems, thereby simultaneously ensuring that the load balance of the network element pool and the peak load of peripheral equipment of the SAE-GW network element are lower than the corresponding early warning threshold after load migration, and being beneficial to the safe and stable operation of the whole network.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a network load balancing method according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the conditions involved in determining that load migration is required in the network of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is another schematic flow chart of a network load balancing method according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a network load balancing apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The English abbreviations related to the embodiments of the present invention are noted below.
Non-stand alone Networking (NSA);
a Serving GateWay (SGW);
PDN GateWay (PDN GateWay, PGW);
packet Data Protocol (PDP);
domain Name System (DNS).
The SAE-GW network element is a device in which a Serving GateWay (SGW) and a PDN GateWay (PDN GateWay, PGW) are co-located.
The user plane interface (S1-U) refers to the interface connected between the eNodeB and the S-GW.
Example one
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a network load balancing method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, where the flow of the network load balancing method includes the following steps.
S104, when the load migration in the network is determined to be needed, the network element to be migrated and the network element to be migrated are screened based on a first preset rule.
S106, aiming at various network systems, calculating the number of users in the network element to be migrated and the average number of users of each network element in the network element pool, and determining the number of users to be migrated in various network systems.
Because different single-user traffic models exist in different network systems, the load influence degree of the users with the same number on each network element in the network element pool is different in different network systems. In the embodiment of the invention, the number of users to be migrated is respectively calculated according to the user difference in different network systems, so that the load balance of the network element pool and the peak load of peripheral equipment of the SAE-GW network element can be simultaneously ensured to be lower than the corresponding early warning threshold after load migration, and the safe and stable operation of the whole network is facilitated. In the embodiment of the present invention, the network system includes at least one of the following networks: 2G network, 3G network, 4G network, 5G network. Of course, it is assumed in the network load balancing method provided in the embodiment of the present invention that only a 2G network, a 4G network, and a 5G network may exist in the device.
In the embodiment of the invention, the number of users of the 2G network in the network element pool is measured by the number of the 2G activated PDPs, the number of users of the 4G network in the network element pool is measured by the number of the 4G activated bearers, and the number of users of the 5G network in the network element pool is measured by the number of the 5G activated bearers.
In addition, the types of network systems may include: a high flow rate system having a large flow rate correlation, and a low flow rate system having a small flow rate correlation. The 2G network has little influence on the flow rate and can be called as a low-flow-rate system; the 4G and 5G have a large influence on the flow rate, and can be called as a high-flow-rate system.
In S104, as shown in fig. 2, when it is determined that load migration is required in the network, at least one of the following is included: when the load balance degree in the network element pool exceeds an early warning threshold value; when the peak value of the interface bandwidth utilization rate exceeds an early warning threshold value; and when the peak value of the bandwidth utilization rate of the firewall exceeds the early warning threshold value.
The embodiment of the invention not only considers the balance degree of the network elements in the network element pool, but also evaluates whether the peak load of upstream and downstream equipment butted with the network elements in the network element pool reaches the early warning threshold, and further can ensure that the peak load of peripheral equipment of the network elements is lower than the early warning threshold after the balance of the network elements is ensured, thereby ensuring the safe and stable operation of the whole network and improving the user experience. Peripheral equipment or upstream and downstream equipment of the network element comprise various types of interfaces and firewalls, so that loads in the network need to be migrated when the peak value of the bandwidth utilization rate of the interfaces exceeds a first early warning threshold value and the peak value of the bandwidth utilization rate of the firewalls exceeds a second early warning threshold value in the embodiment of the invention.
The network element pool may be an SAE-GW pool, and the load balance may be obtained according to the following formula:
in the formula, SiThe active capacity utilization rate of a certain SAE-GW network element is (2G active PDP number +4G/5G active bearer number)/total number of bearers of the device is 100%,
the average active capacity utilization rate for all SAE-GW network elements in the same POOL is (2G active PDP number +4G/5G active bearer number)/total number of bearers license of the POOL is 100%, and N is the number of SAE-GW network elements in the POOL. The early warning threshold value can be set artificially according to actual requirements, such as 5% or 10%. The balance degree is the standard deviation of the capacity utilization rate of each device in the pool, and the lower the balance degree is, the closer the capacity utilization rate of each device in the pool is, the more the disaster tolerance safety of the pool is facilitated.
The interfaces in the peak interface bandwidth utilization include the upstream interface of the SAE-GW network element, such as the S1-U interface, and the downstream interface of the network element, such as the SGi interface. The firewall is the SGi firewall. The first early warning threshold value and the second early warning threshold value may be the same or different, and may be set according to actual requirements, for example, the first early warning threshold value is 45% or 40%, and the second early warning threshold value is 80% or 75%. Specifically, if the disaster recovery scheme of the interface and the firewall adopts a load sharing mode, the early warning threshold can be set to 45%; if the disaster tolerance scheme of the interface and the firewall adopts a master-standby mode, the early warning threshold can be set to 80 percent at the moment.
In S104, the to-be-migrated network element and the to-be-migrated network element are screened based on a first preset rule, which includes at least one of the following situations: taking the network element with the load value higher than the average load value of each network element in the network element pool by a first value as a network element to be migrated, and taking the network element with the load value lower than the average load value of each network element in the network element pool by the first value as the network element to be migrated; taking the network element with the interface bandwidth utilization rate peak value exceeding a first early warning threshold value as a network element to be migrated, and taking the network element with the interface bandwidth utilization rate peak value lower than the first early warning threshold value as a network element to be migrated; and taking the network element with the firewall bandwidth utilization peak value exceeding the second early warning threshold value as a network element to be migrated, and taking the network element with the firewall bandwidth utilization peak value lower than the second early warning threshold value as a network element to be migrated.
For example, the first value may be an absolute value or a proportional value, and the first value is usually greater than or equal to the warning threshold, and of course, in a special case, may also be smaller than the warning threshold. Correspondingly, the network element with the load value higher than the average load value of each network element in the network element pool by a first value is taken as the network element to be migrated, and the network element with the load value lower than the average load value of each network element in the network element pool by the first value is taken as the network element to be migrated. The first numerical value may be 5% or 10%, and if the first numerical value is 5%, the network elements whose load values deviate from the average load values of the network elements by more than 5% are screened from the network element pool as the load adjustment devices to be performed, and the network element whose load value is lower than the average load value of the network element pool by 5% is migrated from the network element whose load value is higher than the average load value of the network element pool by the defined direction to be migrated.
In S106, determining the number of users to be migrated in each network system, including: and determining the number of users to be migrated in various network modes based on the difference between the number of users in the network elements to be migrated and the average number of users in each network element in the network element pool.
Specifically, S106 further includes S1061, S1062, or S1063.
S1061: and when the load balance degree in the network element pool exceeds the early warning threshold value, determining the number of users to be migrated in various network modes based on the difference between the number of users in the network elements to be migrated and the average number of users in each network element in the network element pool for various network modes.
S1062, when the peak value of the utilization rate of the interface bandwidth exceeds a first early warning threshold value, determining the number of users to be migrated in the high flow rate system based on the difference between the number of users in the network elements to be migrated and the average number of users of each network element in the network element pool for the high flow rate system.
S1063, when the peak value of the bandwidth utilization rate of the firewall exceeds a second early warning threshold value, determining the number of users to be migrated in the high flow rate system based on the difference between the number of users in the network element to be migrated and the average number of users of each network element in the network element pool for the high flow rate system.
In S1061, taking the load balance in the network element pool exceeding the warning threshold as an example, assuming that the eligible migrated network element in the network element pool is sae gw4, the migrated network element is sae gw1, the number of 2G/4G/5G users on the sae gw4 network element is a2, a4, and a5, and the number of 2G/4G/5G average users of each network element in the network element pool is B2, B4, and B5, the number of 2G activated PDPs to be migrated is δ2Indicates that the number of 4G activated bearers to be migrated is δ4Indicates that the number of 5G activated bearers to be migrated is δ5And (4) showing. Wherein, delta2Is equal to the difference between A2 and B2, delta4Is equal to the difference between A4 and B4, delta5The number of users to be migrated under various network systems is determined by the difference between A5 and B5, and the number D of the users to be migrated of all the network systems in the network element pool is delta2+δ4+δ5。
In S1062, taking the peak value of the bandwidth utilization rate of the interface exceeding the first early warning threshold value as an example, since the bandwidth utilization rate is related to the flow rate of the user and the influence of the 2G network on the flow rate is small, the user to use the 2G network for migration does not need to be considered, and only the activated bearer numbers of 4G and 5G may be considered. The method for determining the number of users to be migrated in the high-flow-rate system can refer to the method in S1061, so as to obtain the 4G activated bearer number δ to be migrated4And the number of 5G activation bearers to be migrated delta5The number D of users to be migrated of all network systems in the network element pool is δ4+δ5。
In S1063, for example, if the peak value of the bandwidth utilization of the firewall exceeds the second early warning threshold, like S1062, only the number of users to be migrated in the high-flow-rate mode is considered, and the number δ of 4G activated bearers to be migrated is4And the number of 5G activation bearers to be migrated delta5The number D of users to be migrated of all network systems in the network element pool is δ4+δ5。
Wherein, before S104, the method further comprises S102: and calculating the load balance degree, the peak value of the interface bandwidth utilization rate and the peak value of the firewall bandwidth utilization rate in the current network element pool (such as an SAE-GW pool) of the current network. In other words, in the network element pool, a corresponding acquisition module should be set to acquire the data.
As shown in fig. 3, after S106, S108 is further included: and (3) calculation of an estimated value: based on the number of users to be migrated, the network element to be migrated and the network element to be migrated, calculating the following three pre-estimated values: load balance pre-evaluation value in the network element pool; an interface bandwidth utilization rate estimated value; firewall bandwidth utilization prediction. The load balance degree estimated value in the network element pool refers to: if the number of the current users to be migrated and the direction to be migrated are used for migration operation, the load balance degree which can be achieved in the network element pool is obtained; the predicted value of the interface bandwidth utilization rate indicates that: if the number of the current users to be migrated and the direction to be migrated are used for migration operation, the interface bandwidth utilization rate which can be achieved in the network element pool is obtained; firewall bandwidth utilization prediction value indicates: and if the number of the users to be migrated and the direction to be migrated are used for migration operation, the firewall bandwidth utilization rate in the network element pool can be achieved.
In S108, in order to evaluate and calculate the degree of influence on the load balance, the peak value of the interface bandwidth utilization rate, or the peak value of the firewall bandwidth utilization rate after the user is migrated according to the number of users to be migrated, it is necessary to determine a single-user traffic model in various network systems, that is, an average traffic model when a single user is busy in various network systems. At present, a network management OMC supports 2G traffic, 4G traffic, 5G traffic, PDP number, and 4G &5G total active bearer number on an SAE-GW network element, and an MME has detailed statistics of the number of 4G attached users and the number of 5G attached users, so the embodiment of the present invention can calculate the 4G active bearer number and the 5G active bearer number statistics values on the SAE-GW network element based on the following two formulas:
the 4G activated bearer number is 4G attached user number/(4G attached user number +5G attached user number) × 4G &5G total activated bearer number;
the 5G active bearer number is 5G attached user number/(4G attached user number +5G attached user number) × 4G &5G total active bearer number.
And calculating the average flow speed (namely a single-user flow model) of the 2G/4G/5G single-user busy hour based on the following formula: the average flow rate of a single user in a certain network system in busy hours is equal to the total flow rate/corresponding time of the user in the network system in a certain busy period/the total number of users corresponding to the network system.
For example, if the number of 2G PDPs of a certain network element is 1.6 ten thousand, the number of 4G active bearers is 36 ten thousand, the number of 5G active bearers is 0.32 ten thousand, the 2G traffic in the busy period is 10GB, the 4G traffic is 11TB, and the 5G traffic is 0.66TB, the above can be calculated according to the formula:
the average flow rate of the 2G single-user busy hour is 10 × 1024 × 8/3600/16000kbps 1.46 kbps;
the average flow rate of the 4G single-user busy hour is 11 × 1024 × 8/3600/360000kbps 73 kbps;
the average flow rate when 5G single user is busy is 0.66 1024 8/3600/3200kbps 492 kbps.
Therefore, the average flow speed of the single user in busy hours under different network systems is obtained, and the single user flow models of the different network systems are obtained based on the calculation.
Since the number of users to be migrated is, the adjusted load balance pre-estimated value can be directly based on the number of 2G/4G/5G users of each SAE-GW network element in the pool after the users to be migrated according to the above
And (4) calculating.
The estimated values of the interface bandwidth utilization rate and the firewall bandwidth utilization rate need to be estimated based on the average flow rate of 2G/4G/5G single-user busy hours, for example, before user migration adjustment, the bandwidth utilization rate of the S1-U interface of a certain network element SAEGW1 is 40%, the bandwidth is 100Gbps, the bandwidth utilization rate of the firewall FW1 butted with the SAEGW1 is 38%, the bandwidth is 100Gbps, if the SAEGW1 migrates 5 ten thousand 4G active bearers and 1 ten thousand 5G active bearers (the average flow rate of 4G single-user busy hours and the average flow rate of 5G single-user busy hours are respectively 73kbps and 492kbps), the estimated values of the interface bandwidth utilization rate are indicated as
Firewall bandwidth utilization prediction value is shown as
Then the following are respectively: of SAEGW1
Of SAEGW1 docked FW1
The direction to be migrated in the embodiment of the present invention refers to: and migrating the load from the network element to be migrated to the network element to be migrated.
S108 is followed by S110, S112 or S114.
S110: based on the estimated value, judging whether the network element pool meets the condition that the number of users to be migrated and the direction to be migrated do not need to be adjusted continuously; if not, the process proceeds to S112, and if so, the process proceeds to S114.
The conditions that the number of users to be migrated and the direction to be migrated need not to be continuously adjusted in the network element pool include: the load balance degree estimated value in the network element pool is lower than an early warning threshold value, the interface bandwidth utilization rate estimated value is lower than a first early warning threshold value, and the firewall bandwidth utilization rate estimated value is lower than a second early warning threshold value. The three conditions are met, namely the conditions that the number of the users to be migrated and the direction to be migrated are not required to be continuously adjusted are met.
S112: and based on a second preset rule, recalculating the number of users to be migrated and the direction to be migrated in each network system, and returning to the step of calculating the predicted value, namely returning to the step S108.
In S112, based on a second preset rule, the number of users to be migrated and the direction to be migrated in each network system are recalculated, and whether the requirement for continuously adjusting the number of users to be migrated and the direction to be migrated is satisfied is recalculated and evaluated in combination with the 2G/4G/5G single-user traffic model. The to-be-migrated direction in each network system after recalculation in S112 may be partially the same as, partially different from, or completely different from the to-be-migrated direction screened in S104. Specifically, S112 includes at least one of the following three cases S1121, S1122, and S1123.
S1121: and when the load balance degree estimated value of the network element pool exceeds the early warning threshold value, recalculating the number of users to be migrated and the direction to be migrated in the high-flow-rate system. Since the problem that the load balance of the network element pool exceeds the early warning threshold is already solved in S1061, it is considered that the occurrence of the situation that the load balance of the network element pool exceeds the early warning threshold again is caused by S1062 and S1063. Because only the number of users to be migrated in the high-flow-rate system is considered in S1062 and S1063, it is considered that the load balance pre-estimated value of the network element pool exceeds the early warning threshold value due to the fact that the number of users to be migrated in the high-flow-rate system is not appropriate. For this reason, it is also only necessary to consider recalculating the number of users to be migrated in the high-flow-rate system and the direction to be migrated, but not to recalculate the number of users to be migrated in the low-flow-rate system, in other words, it is only necessary to recalculate the number of users to be migrated in 4G and 5G, but not to recalculate the number of users to be migrated in 2G.
Specifically, the determination of the direction to be migrated may refer to a first preset rule, or may refer to other preset rules as needed. Based on the single-user flow models in various network systems, the average flow rate of a 5G single-user in busy hours is 5-10 times of the average flow rate of a 4G single-user in busy hours, so that the number of 5G users can be increased more, the number of 4G users can be reduced, the sum of the number of users to be migrated in a high-flow-rate system in the network can be reduced, and the load balance degree of a network element pool can be reduced.
For example, the number of users to be increased may be set to a fixed step value, or a fixed proportional value, so as to be at the above δ4And delta5The number of users is adjusted on the basis of the above. For example, the current 4G activation bearer number is δ4The current 5G activation bearing number is delta5Setting the step value as X, and calculating the updated 4G activation bearing number delta according to the step value4That is, the number of the users to be migrated in the network type 4G after recalculation is the 5G activated bearer number delta updated according to the step value5Namely the number of users to be migrated of the recalculated 5G network system. The value of X can be set according to the actual requirement, for example, 50, 80 or 100. The step value may also be set to a fixed proportional value, such as 10%. And then, based on the number of the users to be migrated after recalculation and combined with the 2G/4G/5G single-user traffic model, evaluating whether the load balance is lower than an early warning threshold value.
S1122: when the estimated value of the bandwidth utilization rate of the interface is higher than a first early warning threshold value, two conditions are distinguished: if the estimated value of the bandwidth utilization rate of the interface of the network element to be migrated is higher than a first early warning threshold value, increasing the number of users to be migrated in a high flow rate system and reducing the number of users to be migrated in a low flow rate system under the condition that the sum of the number of users to be migrated in all network systems is not changed; (2) if the estimated value of the bandwidth utilization rate of the interface of the network element to be migrated is higher than the first early warning threshold value, reducing the number of users to be migrated in the high-flow-rate system and increasing the number of users to be migrated in the low-flow-rate system under the condition that the sum of the number of users to be migrated in all network systems is not changed. Specifically, taking the case of (1) as an example, the number of users to be increased can be set to a fixed step value, or a fixed proportional value, to be at δ4And delta5The number of the users can be set to be the same as the number of the newly added users or the same fixed proportion value. For example, the current 4G activation bearer number is δ4And the current 5G activation bearing number is delta5The number of current 2G activated PDPs is delta2The step value is set to X, and in order to keep the total number to be migrated unchanged, the number of 4G active bearers and the number of 5G active bearers are respectively increased by one half of X (that is, the number of users to be migrated of 4G and 5G is respectively increased by one half of X), the number of 2G active PDPs is decreased by X (that is, the number of users to be migrated of 2G is decreased by X), and the updated number of 4G active bearers is δ4And half X, the updated 5G active bearer number is delta5And half of X, the updated number of the 2G activated PDPs is delta2The difference with X. In addition, the increased number of users or the decreased number of users can be set to a fixed proportional value, which is not described herein again. And then, updating the number of users to be migrated in each high-flow-rate system based on the increased number of users in the high-flow-rate system, updating the number of users to be migrated in the low-flow-rate system based on the decreased number of users in the low-flow-rate system, and evaluating whether the predicted value of the bandwidth utilization rate of the interface is lower than a first early warning threshold value or not by combining the 2G/4G/5G single-user flow model, namely returning to S108.
S1123: when the predicted value of the bandwidth utilization rate of the firewall is higher than the second early warning threshold value, two situations are distinguished: if the predicted value of the bandwidth utilization rate of the firewall butted with the network elements to be migrated is higher than a second early warning threshold value, increasing the number of users to be migrated in a high-flow-rate system and reducing the number of users to be migrated in a low-flow-rate system under the condition that the sum of the number of users to be migrated in all network systems is not changed; (2) and if the pre-estimated value of the bandwidth utilization rate of the firewall butted with the network element to be migrated is higher than the second pre-warning threshold value, reducing the number of users to be migrated in the high-flow-rate system and increasing the number of users to be migrated in the low-flow-rate system under the condition that the sum of the number of users to be migrated in all network systems is not changed. Specifically, the manner of adjusting the user number ratio may refer to S1122, and is not described herein again. Then, for example, in the case (1), the number of users to be migrated in each high-flow-rate system is updated based on the increased number of users in the high-flow-rate system, the number of users to be migrated in the low-flow-rate system is updated based on the decreased number of users in the low-flow-rate system, and whether the predicted value of the bandwidth utilization rate of the firewall is lower than the second early-warning threshold value is evaluated in combination with the 2G/4G/5G single-user flow model, that is, the result is returned to S108.
S114: and if so, carrying out load migration based on the number of users to be migrated and the direction to be migrated of each current network system. Therefore, load balancing adjustment is completed after load migration. After the load balancing adjustment is completed, the weight coefficients sent to different network elements on the EPC DNS equipment are modified according to the user number ratio of each network element in the network element pool under balancing, and the loads in the network element pool are automatically distributed to corresponding network elements according to the weights in the future.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the "load" is for a network, where the network includes network elements in a network element pool, interfaces and firewalls involved in upstream and downstream of the network elements, and the "load" is for the network elements in the network element pool.
Example two
Based on the same idea, the foregoing method for load balancing in a network provided in the embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for load balancing in a network, as shown in fig. 4.
The apparatus 400 for network load balancing includes: a target network element determining module 401 and a to-be-migrated user number determining module 402. Wherein: a target network element determining module 401, configured to screen a to-be-migrated network element and a to-be-migrated network element based on a first preset rule when it is determined that load migration is required in a network; a to-be-migrated user number determining module 402, configured to calculate, for each network type, the number of users in the to-be-migrated network element and an average number of users of each network element in the network element pool, and determine the number of users to be migrated in each network type.
Optionally, as an embodiment, the determining that load migration is required in the network includes at least one of:
when the load balance degree in the network element pool exceeds an early warning threshold value;
when the peak value of the interface bandwidth utilization rate exceeds a first early warning threshold value;
and when the peak value of the bandwidth utilization rate of the firewall exceeds a second early warning threshold value.
Optionally, the screening of the to-be-migrated network element and the to-be-migrated network element based on the first preset rule includes at least one of the following:
taking the network element with the load value higher than the average load value of each network element in the network element pool by a first value as a network element to be migrated, and taking the network element with the load value lower than the average load value of each network element in the network element pool by the first value as the network element to be migrated;
taking the network element with the interface bandwidth utilization rate peak value exceeding a first early warning threshold value as a network element to be migrated, and taking the network element with the interface bandwidth utilization rate peak value lower than the first early warning threshold value as a network element to be migrated;
and taking the network element with the firewall bandwidth utilization peak value exceeding the second early warning threshold value as a network element to be migrated, and taking the network element with the firewall bandwidth utilization peak value lower than the second early warning threshold value as a network element to be migrated.
Optionally, the network standard includes at least one of the following networks: 2G network, 3G network, 4G network, 5G network.
Optionally, after determining the number of users to be migrated in the various network systems, the method further includes:
and (3) calculation of an estimated value: based on the number of the users to be migrated, the network element to be migrated and the network element to be migrated, calculating the following three pre-estimated values: load balance pre-evaluation value in the network element pool; an interface bandwidth utilization rate estimated value; a firewall bandwidth utilization rate predicted value;
based on the estimated value, judging whether the network element pool meets the condition that the number of users to be migrated and the direction to be migrated do not need to be adjusted continuously; and if so, carrying out load migration based on the number of users to be migrated of each current network type and the direction to be migrated, wherein the direction to be migrated refers to the direction from the network element to be migrated to the network element to be migrated.
Optionally, the determining, based on the estimated value, whether a condition that the number of users to be migrated and the direction to be migrated do not need to be continuously adjusted is met in the network element pool includes: if not, based on a second preset rule, recalculating the number of users to be migrated and the direction to be migrated in each network system, and returning to the step of calculating the pre-estimated value.
Optionally, the condition that the number of users to be migrated and the direction to be migrated need not to be continuously adjusted in the network element pool includes: the load balance degree estimated value in the network element pool is lower than an early warning threshold value, the interface bandwidth utilization rate estimated value is lower than a first early warning threshold value, and the firewall bandwidth utilization rate estimated value is lower than a second early warning threshold value;
according to the degree of correlation with the flow rate, the types of the network systems comprise: a high flow rate system having a large flow rate correlation and a low flow rate system having a small flow rate correlation;
the recalculating the number of users to be migrated and the direction to be migrated in each network system based on the second preset rule includes at least one of the following:
when the load balance degree estimated value of the network element pool exceeds an early warning threshold value, recalculating the number of users to be migrated and the direction to be migrated in the high-flow-rate system;
when the estimated value of the utilization rate of the interface bandwidth of the network element to be migrated is higher than the first early warning threshold value, and the sum of the number of the users to be migrated in all the network systems is not changed, increasing the number of the users to be migrated in the high-flow-rate system, and reducing the number of the users to be migrated in the low-flow-rate system;
when the estimated value of the interface bandwidth utilization rate of the network element to be migrated is higher than a first early warning threshold value, reducing the number of users to be migrated in a high flow rate system and increasing the number of users to be migrated in a low flow rate system under the condition that the sum of the number of users to be migrated in all network systems is not changed;
when the predicted value of the bandwidth utilization rate of the firewall butted with the network elements to be migrated is higher than a second early warning threshold value, under the condition that the sum of the number of users to be migrated under all network systems is not changed, increasing the number of users to be migrated in a high-flow-rate system, and reducing the number of users to be migrated in a low-flow-rate system;
and when the predicted value of the bandwidth utilization rate of the firewall butted with the network element to be migrated is higher than a second early warning threshold value, reducing the number of users to be migrated in the high-flow-rate system and increasing the number of users to be migrated in the low-flow-rate system under the condition that the sum of the number of users to be migrated in all network systems is not changed.
The network load balancing apparatus 400 according to the embodiment of the present invention may further perform the method performed by the network load balancing apparatus in fig. 1, and implement the functions of the network load balancing apparatus in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, which are not described herein again.
EXAMPLE III
Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a hardware configuration of an electronic device implementing various embodiments of the invention,
the electronic device 500 includes, but is not limited to: a radio frequency unit 501, a network module 502, an audio output unit 503, an input unit 504, a sensor 505, a display unit 506, a user input unit 507, an interface unit 508, a memory 509, a processor 510, and a power supply 511. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the electronic device configuration shown in fig. 5 does not constitute a limitation of the electronic device, and that the electronic device may include more or fewer components than shown, or some components may be combined, or a different arrangement of components. In the embodiment of the present invention, the electronic device includes, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a palm computer, a vehicle-mounted terminal, a wearable device, a pedometer, and the like.
The processor 510 is configured to receive a request protocol packet sent by a request end device, where the request protocol packet carries a call parameter for calling a target service of a service end device;
the processor 510 is further configured to convert the request protocol packet into a calling parameter in a target identification format based on a preset protocol packet format conversion configuration, where the calling parameter in the target identification format can be called and executed for a target component;
the processor 510 is further configured to invoke a target component to execute the target service based on the invocation parameter in the target identification format.
In addition, the processor 510 is further configured to, if service response information sent by the second system is received, assemble the service response information into service feedback information, where the service feedback information is information that can be identified by the first system;
in addition, the processor 510 is further configured to receive an execution result sent by the service end device; assembling the execution result into a service response message based on the preset protocol message format conversion configuration, wherein the service response message can be identified for the request terminal equipment; and sending the service response message to the request terminal equipment.
In addition, the processor 510 is further configured to receive an execution result sent by the service end device; and calling the target component to execute the corresponding service based on the execution result.
In addition, the processor 510 is further configured to analyze the call parameter of the target identification format to obtain an input parameter and a service identifier; and calling a target component corresponding to the business identifier based on the input parameter so as to execute the target service.
Further, the processor 510 is further configured to generate a request package based on the input parameters; and sending the request file packet to the server side equipment through a target component corresponding to the service identifier, and receiving a response file packet returned by the server side equipment through the target component.
In addition, the processor 510 is further configured to perform flow analysis on the multiple request protocol messages according to flow configuration to obtain flow configuration information; executing the flow configuration information based on an extensible markup language (XML) flow script, and performing request protocol message conversion, service response message assembly and target component calling, wherein the flow syntax of the XML flow script at least comprises one of the following: sequential execution, branch execution, or loop execution. The process configuration comprises an analysis rule of a request protocol message, an assembly rule of a service response message and a calling parameter rule of a target component.
The embodiment of the invention provides electronic equipment which can receive a request protocol message sent by request end equipment, convert the request protocol message into a calling parameter of a target identification format through preset format conversion configuration, call and execute the target component by the calling parameter of the target identification format, and then call and execute the target service by the calling parameter of the target identification format. Therefore, by separating the communication process and the service logic of the server-side equipment, the server-side equipment communicates with the request-side equipment through the access equipment, the access equipment uniformly converts the messages of various communication protocols into calling parameters which can be identified internally, and executes service calling based on the calling parameters, so that the server-side equipment can support the access of peripheral equipment of various communication protocols, does not need to carry out coding development of processes such as hard coding of interfaces, protocol analysis, message processing, protocol return and the like aiming at various equipment systems, supports the access of various communication protocols, reduces the workload of developing and updating codes, and shortens the development period.
It should be understood that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the radio frequency unit 501 may be used for receiving and sending signals during a message sending and receiving process or a call process, and specifically, receives downlink data from a base station and then processes the received downlink data to the processor 510; in addition, the uplink data is transmitted to the base station. In general, radio frequency unit 501 includes, but is not limited to, an antenna, at least one amplifier, a transceiver, a coupler, a low noise amplifier, a duplexer, and the like. In addition, the radio frequency unit 501 can also communicate with a network and other electronic devices through a wireless communication system.
The electronic device provides wireless broadband internet access to the user via the network module 502, such as assisting the user in sending and receiving e-mails, browsing web pages, and accessing streaming media.
The audio output unit 503 may convert audio data received by the radio frequency unit 501 or the network module 502 or stored in the memory 509 into an audio signal and output as sound. Also, the audio output unit 503 may also provide audio output related to a specific function performed by the electronic apparatus 500 (e.g., a call signal reception sound, a message reception sound, etc.). The audio output unit 503 includes a speaker, a buzzer, a receiver, and the like.
The input unit 504 is used to receive an audio or video signal. The input Unit 504 may include a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) 5041 and a microphone 5042, and the Graphics processor 5041 processes image data of a still picture or video obtained by an image capturing device (e.g., a camera) in a video capturing mode or an image capturing mode. The processed image frames may be displayed on the display unit 506. The image frames processed by the graphic processor 5041 may be stored in the memory 509 (or other storage medium) or transmitted via the radio frequency unit 501 or the network module 502. The microphone 5042 may receive sounds and may be capable of processing such sounds into audio data. The processed audio data may be converted into a format output transmittable to a mobile communication base station via the radio frequency unit 501 in case of the phone call mode.
The electronic device 500 also includes at least one sensor 505, such as light sensors, motion sensors, and other sensors. Specifically, the light sensor includes an ambient light sensor that can adjust the brightness of the display panel 5061 according to the brightness of ambient light, and a proximity sensor that can turn off the display panel 5061 and/or a backlight when the electronic device 500 is moved to the ear. As one type of motion sensor, an accelerometer sensor can detect the magnitude of acceleration in each direction (generally three axes), detect the magnitude and direction of gravity when stationary, and can be used to identify the posture of an electronic device (such as horizontal and vertical screen switching, related games, magnetometer posture calibration), and vibration identification related functions (such as pedometer, tapping); the sensors 505 may also include fingerprint sensors, pressure sensors, iris sensors, molecular sensors, gyroscopes, barometers, hygrometers, thermometers, infrared sensors, etc., which are not described in detail herein.
The display unit 506 is used to display information input by the user or information provided to the user. The Display unit 506 may include a Display panel 5061, and the Display panel 5061 may be configured in the form of a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), an Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED), or the like.
The user input unit 507 may be used to receive input numeric or character information and generate key signal inputs related to user settings and function control of the electronic device. Specifically, the user input unit 507 includes a touch panel 5071 and other input devices 5072. Touch panel 5071, also referred to as a touch screen, may collect touch operations by a user on or near it (e.g., operations by a user on or near touch panel 5071 using a finger, stylus, or any suitable object or attachment). The touch panel 5071 may include two parts of a touch detection device and a touch controller. The touch detection device detects the touch direction of a user, detects a signal brought by touch operation and transmits the signal to the touch controller; the touch controller receives touch information from the touch sensing device, converts the touch information into touch point coordinates, sends the touch point coordinates to the processor 510, and receives and executes commands sent by the processor 510. In addition, the touch panel 5071 may be implemented in various types such as a resistive type, a capacitive type, an infrared ray, and a surface acoustic wave. In addition to the touch panel 5071, the user input unit 507 may include other input devices 5072. In particular, other input devices 5072 may include, but are not limited to, a physical keyboard, function keys (e.g., volume control keys, switch keys, etc.), a trackball, a mouse, and a joystick, which are not described in detail herein.
Further, the touch panel 5071 may be overlaid on the display panel 5061, and when the touch panel 5071 detects a touch operation thereon or nearby, the touch operation is transmitted to the processor 510 to determine the type of the touch event, and then the processor 510 provides a corresponding visual output on the display panel 5061 according to the type of the touch event. Although in fig. 5, the touch panel 5071 and the display panel 5061 are two independent components to implement the input and output functions of the electronic device, in some embodiments, the touch panel 5071 and the display panel 5061 may be integrated to implement the input and output functions of the electronic device, and is not limited herein.
The interface unit 508 is an interface for connecting an external device to the electronic apparatus 500. For example, the external device may include a wired or wireless headset port, an external power supply (or battery charger) port, a wired or wireless data port, a memory card port, a port for connecting a device having an identification module, an audio input/output (I/O) port, a video I/O port, an earphone port, and the like. The interface unit 508 may be used to receive input (e.g., data information, power, etc.) from external devices and transmit the received input to one or more elements within the electronic apparatus 500 or may be used to transmit data between the electronic apparatus 500 and external devices.
The memory 509 may be used to store software programs as well as various data. The memory 509 may mainly include a storage program area and a storage data area, wherein the storage program area may store an operating system, an application program required by at least one function (such as a sound playing function, an image playing function, etc.), and the like; the storage data area may store data (such as audio data, a phonebook, etc.) created according to the use of the cellular phone, and the like. Further, the memory 509 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device.
The processor 510 is a control center of the electronic device, connects various parts of the whole electronic device by using various interfaces and lines, performs various functions of the electronic device and processes data by running or executing software programs and/or modules stored in the memory 509 and calling data stored in the memory 509, thereby performing overall monitoring of the electronic device. Processor 510 may include one or more processing units; preferably, the processor 510 may integrate an application processor, which mainly handles operating systems, user interfaces, application programs, etc., and a modem processor, which mainly handles wireless communications. It will be appreciated that the modem processor described above may not be integrated into processor 510.
The electronic device 500 may further include a power supply 511 (e.g., a battery) for supplying power to various components, and preferably, the power supply 511 may be logically connected to the processor 510 via a power management system, so as to implement functions of managing charging, discharging, and power consumption via the power management system.
Preferably, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, which includes a processor 510, a memory 509, and a computer program that is stored in the memory 509 and can be run on the processor 510, and when the computer program is executed by the processor 510, the processes of the foregoing service invocation method embodiment are implemented, and the same technical effect can be achieved, and in order to avoid repetition, details are not described here again.
Example four
The embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements each process of the foregoing service invocation method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect, and in order to avoid repetition, details are not repeated here. The computer-readable storage medium may be a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk.
The embodiment of the invention provides a computer-readable storage medium which can receive a request protocol message sent by a request terminal device, convert the request protocol message into a calling parameter of a target identification format through preset format conversion configuration, call and execute the target component by the calling parameter of the target identification format, and then call the target component to execute target service by the calling parameter of the target identification format. Therefore, by separating the communication process and the service logic of the server-side equipment, the server-side equipment communicates with the request-side equipment through the access equipment, the access equipment uniformly converts the messages of various communication protocols into calling parameters which can be identified internally, and executes service calling based on the calling parameters, so that the server-side equipment can support the access of peripheral equipment of various communication protocols, does not need to carry out coding development of processes such as hard coding of interfaces, protocol analysis, message processing, protocol return and the like aiming at various equipment systems, supports the access of various communication protocols, reduces the workload of developing and updating codes, and shortens the development period.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.
The memory may include forms of volatile memory in a computer readable medium, Random Access Memory (RAM) and/or non-volatile memory, such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM). Memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.
Computer-readable media, including both non-transitory and non-transitory, removable and non-removable media, may implement information storage by any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Discs (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, computer readable media does not include transitory computer readable media (transient media) such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The above description is only an example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for network load balancing, comprising:
when the load migration is determined to be needed in the network, screening the network elements to be migrated and the network elements to be migrated based on a first preset rule;
and aiming at various network systems, calculating the number of users in the network element to be migrated and the average number of users of each network element in the network element pool, and determining the number of users to be migrated in various network systems.
2. The method for network load balancing according to claim 1, wherein the determining that load migration is required in the network includes at least one of:
when the load balance degree in the network element pool exceeds an early warning threshold value;
when the peak value of the interface bandwidth utilization rate exceeds a first early warning threshold value;
and when the peak value of the bandwidth utilization rate of the firewall exceeds a second early warning threshold value.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the screening the to-be-migrated network element and the to-be-migrated network element based on the first preset rule comprises at least one of:
taking the network element with the load value higher than the average load value of each network element in the network element pool by a first value as a network element to be migrated, and taking the network element with the load value lower than the average load value of each network element in the network element pool by the first value as the network element to be migrated;
taking the network element with the interface bandwidth utilization rate peak value exceeding a first early warning threshold value as a network element to be migrated, and taking the network element with the interface bandwidth utilization rate peak value lower than the first early warning threshold value as a network element to be migrated;
and taking the network element with the firewall bandwidth utilization peak value exceeding the second early warning threshold value as a network element to be migrated, and taking the network element with the firewall bandwidth utilization peak value lower than the second early warning threshold value as a network element to be migrated.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the network standard comprises at least one of the following networks: 2G network, 3G network, 4G network, 5G network.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein after determining the number of users to be migrated in each network type, the method further comprises:
and (3) calculation of an estimated value: based on the number of the users to be migrated, the network element to be migrated and the network element to be migrated, calculating the following three pre-estimated values: load balance pre-evaluation value in the network element pool; an interface bandwidth utilization rate estimated value; a firewall bandwidth utilization rate predicted value;
based on the estimated value, judging whether the network element pool meets the condition that the number of users to be migrated and the direction to be migrated do not need to be adjusted continuously; and if so, carrying out load migration based on the number of users to be migrated of each current network type and the direction to be migrated, wherein the direction to be migrated refers to the direction from the network element to be migrated to the network element to be migrated.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the determining, based on the pre-estimated value, whether the conditions for not continuously adjusting the number of users to be migrated and the direction to be migrated in the network element pool are met comprises: if not, based on a second preset rule, recalculating the number of users to be migrated and the direction to be migrated in each network system, and returning to the step of calculating the pre-estimated value.
7. The method of network load balancing according to claim 6,
the conditions that the number of users to be migrated and the direction to be migrated are not required to be continuously adjusted in the network element pool include: the load balance degree estimated value in the network element pool is lower than an early warning threshold value, the interface bandwidth utilization rate estimated value is lower than a first early warning threshold value, and the firewall bandwidth utilization rate estimated value is lower than a second early warning threshold value;
according to the degree of correlation with the flow rate, the types of the network systems comprise: a high flow rate system having a large flow rate correlation and a low flow rate system having a small flow rate correlation;
the recalculating the number of users to be migrated and the direction to be migrated in each network system based on the second preset rule includes at least one of the following:
when the load balance degree estimated value of the network element pool exceeds an early warning threshold value, recalculating the number of users to be migrated and the direction to be migrated in the high-flow-rate system;
when the estimated value of the utilization rate of the interface bandwidth of the network element to be migrated is higher than the first early warning threshold value, and the sum of the number of the users to be migrated in all the network systems is not changed, increasing the number of the users to be migrated in the high-flow-rate system, and reducing the number of the users to be migrated in the low-flow-rate system;
when the estimated value of the interface bandwidth utilization rate of the network element to be migrated is higher than a first early warning threshold value, reducing the number of users to be migrated in a high flow rate system and increasing the number of users to be migrated in a low flow rate system under the condition that the sum of the number of users to be migrated in all network systems is not changed;
when the predicted value of the bandwidth utilization rate of the firewall butted with the network elements to be migrated is higher than a second early warning threshold value, under the condition that the sum of the number of users to be migrated under all network systems is not changed, increasing the number of users to be migrated in a high-flow-rate system, and reducing the number of users to be migrated in a low-flow-rate system;
and when the predicted value of the bandwidth utilization rate of the firewall butted with the network element to be migrated is higher than a second early warning threshold value, reducing the number of users to be migrated in the high-flow-rate system and increasing the number of users to be migrated in the low-flow-rate system under the condition that the sum of the number of users to be migrated in all network systems is not changed.
8. An apparatus for network load balancing, comprising:
the target network element determining module is used for screening the network elements to be migrated and the network elements to be migrated based on a first preset rule when the load migration in the network is determined to be required;
and the user number determining module is used for calculating the number of users in the network element to be migrated and the average number of users of each network element in the network element pool aiming at various network standards and determining the number of users to be migrated under various network standards.
9. An electronic device, comprising: memory, processor and computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, which computer program, when executed by the processor, carries out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that a computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, which computer program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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