CN113673790B - Public emergency evacuation path optimization method under nuclear accident - Google Patents

Public emergency evacuation path optimization method under nuclear accident Download PDF

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CN113673790B
CN113673790B CN202111213514.1A CN202111213514A CN113673790B CN 113673790 B CN113673790 B CN 113673790B CN 202111213514 A CN202111213514 A CN 202111213514A CN 113673790 B CN113673790 B CN 113673790B
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蔡杰进
唐智洪
谢兴文
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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Abstract

The invention relates to an information processing technology and provides a method for optimizing a public emergency evacuation path in a nuclear accident. The method comprises the following steps: determining the range of an emergency planning area, meshing the emergency planning area, determining a nuclear accident environment release source item, and acquiring wind field data in the emergency planning area; calculating the activity concentration of each radionuclide of each grid of the emergency planning area according to the accident source item and the wind field data, and evaluating the radiation dose rate in the emergency planning area; determining public emergency evacuation path road nodes according to the road network of the emergency plan area, determining the connection relation and attribute information among the nodes, and forming an evacuation network; obtaining all evacuation path sets with relatively low radiation dose rate to the public based on an improved chaotic ant colony algorithm according to the grids of the evacuation path starting point and the evacuation path terminal point; and performing multi-objective decision optimization according to the evacuation time and the radiation certainty effect of each path in all the evacuation path sets to determine the optimal path. The invention provides an important basis for making a nuclear emergency plan.

Description

Public emergency evacuation path optimization method under nuclear accident
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of information processing, in particular to a method for optimizing public emergency evacuation path information in a nuclear accident by using a computer.
Background
The urgency of energy transformation is increasing day by day, and nuclear energy is safe, economic and efficient clean energy and is an important energy choice for coping with climate change. In the process of developing nuclear power, due to the influence of factors such as human, equipment, production management or environment, the uncontrolled release of radioactive nuclides occurs sometimes, and great loss is brought to people. The expression of positioning in nuclear power related planning is 'safe and reliable promotion of nuclear power construction', so an emergency plan program is crucial to protection of population and environment, and large-scale evacuation or in-situ refuge has been used as a means for protecting people from potential harm.
Several models and algorithms have been developed in recent years to simulate the evacuation process of chemical, earthquake and other disaster accidents, and there is a prior art that analyzes the optimal evacuation route in the event of a Nuclear accident causing disastrous influences on local population and environment through the traditional Dijkstra algorithm, but the calculation efficiency is relatively low, and the prior art does not describe the relationship between the evacuation route planning after the Nuclear accident and the public health effects (cancer morbidity, lethality), but expresses the health consequences by calculating the average dose suffered in the event of a heavy Nuclear accident (Pei Q, Hao L, Chen C, et al. However, in some cases, estimating the health consequences by mean dose may be too conservative as compared to the estimates corresponding to the dose distribution experienced, and therefore not a suitable method of evaluating alternative emergency evacuation strategies. This problem is different from the classical shortest path problem in that the speed of travel and the received hazardous dose on each path vary with the extent of the incident. Therefore, efforts should be made to find methods for optimizing the public emergency evacuation path in nuclear accidents.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the process of planning the public emergency evacuation path in the nuclear accident at present, the invention provides a method for optimizing the public emergency evacuation path in the nuclear accident by utilizing a computer information processing technology. The radiation dose of an evacuation area is evaluated by calculating the activity concentration change of the radionuclide in an emergency plan area, all evacuation path sets with relatively low radiation dose rate to the public are calculated by improving a chaotic ant colony algorithm, and finally, multi-objective decision optimization is carried out according to the evacuation time and the radiation certainty effect of each path in all the evacuation path sets to determine the optimal path.
The purpose of the invention is realized by at least one of the following technical solutions.
A public emergency evacuation path optimization method under nuclear accidents comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the range of the emergency planning area, meshing the emergency planning area, determining a nuclear accident environment release source item, and acquiring wind field data in the emergency planning area;
s2, calculating the activity concentration of each radionuclide of each grid of the emergency planning area according to the accident source item and the wind field data, and evaluating the radiation dose rate in the emergency planning area;
s3, determining public emergency evacuation path road nodes according to the road network of the emergency plan area, determining the connection relation and attribute information among the nodes, and forming an evacuation network;
s4, calculating all evacuation path sets with relatively low radiation dose rate to the public based on an improved chaotic ant colony algorithm according to the grids of the start point and the end point of the evacuation path;
and S5, performing multi-objective decision optimization according to the evacuation time and the radiation certainty effect of each path in all the evacuation path sets to determine the optimal path.
Further, in step S1, the range of the emergency planning area includes a smoke plume emergency planning area and a food intake emergency planning area; taking an accident point as a center, the radiuses of the smoke plume emergency planning area and the food intake emergency planning area are respectively not more than 10km and 50 km;
the emergency plan area gridding is to divide an area in the range of the emergency plan area into grids with the same size according to the horizontal direction and the vertical direction;
the nuclear accident environment release source item comprises the type, release rate and release mode of the radionuclide determined by the accident scene measuring equipment;
the wind field data in the emergency planning area comprise the temperature, the humidity, the wind direction, the wind speed and the air pressure of the atmosphere at different heights and the temperature, the humidity and the earth surface temperature of different depths on the land.
Further, in step S2, the radionuclide activity concentration is calculated by euler advection diffusion equation:
Figure 202798DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
wherein
Figure 643007DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Represents the activity concentration of the radionuclide q;
Figure 165124DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
is a wind field vector;
Figure 566149DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
is the air density; k is a turbulent dispersion coefficient;
Figure 566335DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
the rate of change in concentration due to wet settling;
Figure 1996DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
the rate of change in concentration due to dry sedimentation;
Figure 697944DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
the concentration change rate caused by physical and chemical reaction;
Figure 445320DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
the release rate of the source item;
radiation dose rate in the emergency planning zone
Figure 999929DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
According to the concentration of radionuclide activity
Figure 539364DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
And rate of change in concentration due to dry and wet sedimentation
Figure 154016DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
To obtain the radiation dose rate
Figure 44480DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Including air-submerged external irradiation dose
Figure 58573DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Effective dose of ground deposition external irradiation
Figure 734405DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
And an effective dose of inhaled internal radiation
Figure 297454DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
：
Figure 629210DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Wherein
Figure 650255DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
、
Figure 367544DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
And
Figure 323999DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
conversion factors respectively representing the air immersion external irradiation dose, the ground deposition external irradiation effective dose and the inhalation internal irradiation effective dose;
Figure 267684DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
is a masking factor;
Figure 951475DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
is the breathing rate.
Further, in step S3, the public emergency evacuation route road uses a road network intersection as a node and a street as a side;
the attribute information between the nodes comprises the distance between two adjacent nodes and the radiation dose;
the evacuation network is a two-dimensional network graph formed by nodes and connecting lines, and the two-dimensional network graph is nested in the emergency planning area grid.
Further, in step S4, the mesh at the start point of the evacuation route is the mesh to which the accident site belongs, and the end point of the evacuation route is the mesh outside the emergency plan area.
Further, in step S4, the ant colony algorithm is to place ants on a starting point and then select a next target node according to the pheromone concentration and the heuristic information factor, and a probability formula for selecting the next node is as follows:
Figure 664216DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Figure 57152DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
is the probability that ant k chooses to move from node i to node j,
Figure 612767DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
is the set of target nodes that ant k has not visited; alpha and beta are pheromone importance factor and heuristic function factor respectively;
Figure 710036DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
represents the residual pheromone concentration between the node i and the node j at the time t;
Figure 683808DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
is heuristic information between the node i and the node j at the time t.
Further, in the improved chaotic ant colony algorithm, initializing pheromones of each path by using the chaotic algorithm:
Figure 703104DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
wherein Z (k +1) is a new mapping variable sequence, Z (k) is a chaotic variable sequence,
Figure 886961DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
is a control parameter; when each ant reaches the target node, the current iteration is finished, all evacuation paths found by the ant in the current iteration are recorded, and the pheromone concentration is updated, wherein the pheromone updating method comprises the following steps:
Figure 663287DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 740833DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
is the pheromone volatility coefficient;
Figure 209992DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
is the pheromone left between the paths (i, j) in the current iteration, and the path (i, j) is the path from the node i to the node j;
Figure 349986DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
is the pheromone indicating that ant k stays on the path (i, j) at time t;
Figure 444850DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
is the total amount of the pheromone carried by the ants,
Figure 127635DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
is the effective dose of each path, and M is the total number of ants.
Further, in the improved chaotic ant colony algorithm, an improved pheromone difference updating method is adopted, and after iteration, effective doses of paths with minimum effective dose and maximum effective dose are respectively recorded as
Figure 892329DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
And
Figure 644253DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
then calculating the average effective dose of the current iteration
Figure 27961DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
If the route is an effective dose
Figure 689887DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
Less than the average effective dose
Figure 12765DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
Then the pheromone concentration for that pathway is updated as in equation (15), otherwise it is decremented as in equation (16), and the additional pheromone concentration will remain on the pathway with the least effective dose according to equations (12) and (13), as follows:
Figure 924089DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
。
further, in step S5, the multi-objective decision optimization of the evacuation time and the radiation certainty effect of each path in all the evacuation path sets is performed with the shortest evacuation time as an objective function, which is specifically as follows:
Figure 377067DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
taking the non-occurrence of radiation certainty effect as a constraint condition, specifically as follows:
Figure 549291DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 531154DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
the distance length of a path m between any two traversable nodes, n represents the number of paths,
Figure 54408DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
for the average speed of evacuation of the public on the path m,
Figure 311077DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
the equivalent dose of the whole body irradiation of the human body,
Figure 340737DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
the weight factors for the irradiation of each organ,
Figure 227922DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
in order to take the time to pass through the path m,
Figure 707314DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
equivalent dose threshold for the occurrence of radiation deterministic effects.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a public emergency evacuation path optimization method under nuclear accidents by utilizing a data information processing technology, which improves the traditional ant colony algorithm, introduces a chaotic optimization algorithm to randomly generate a large number of paths and overcomes the defect that all evacuation paths have the same attraction to ants; the provided pheromone differential updating method can quickly reflect a path with smaller radiation and improve the searching efficiency of the algorithm.
2. The invention provides a method for optimizing a public emergency evacuation path in a nuclear accident, which determines an optimal path by carrying out multi-objective decision optimization on the evacuation time and the radiation certainty effect and overcomes the defect that the traditional emergency evacuation path planning method is possibly over conservative.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for optimizing a public emergency evacuation path in a nuclear accident according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a grid of emergency planning zones according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the evaluation of the radiation dose of the emergency planning area provided in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an evacuation network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of an evacuation path set provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a set of all evacuation paths with relatively low radiation rates provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of optimal evacuation path planning provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example (b):
a method for optimizing a public emergency evacuation path in a nuclear accident, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the range of the emergency planning area, meshing the emergency planning area, determining a nuclear accident environment release source item, and acquiring wind field data in the emergency planning area;
in the embodiment, a containment bypass accident of a certain coastal pressurized water reactor nuclear power station is assumed, a public emergency evacuation path is optimized under the accident condition, a smoke plume plan emergency area is determined, wherein the smoke plume plan emergency area is centered on a nuclear power station reactor and has a radius of 10km, and an ingestion plan emergency area is centered on the nuclear power station reactor and has a radius of 50 km. The evacuation plan is to evacuate the members of the smoke plume plan emergency area to the outside of the ingestion plan emergency area, and therefore the emergency plan area is divided into 50 × 50 mesh areas as shown in fig. 2. The nuclear accident environment release source term comprises two key radionuclides which affect the environment, namely I-131 and Cs-137, and the two key radionuclides are respectively expressed by 3.6 multiplied by 1015 Bq/h (gaseous) and 4.1X 1014 The speed of Bq/h (particle state) is released into the atmospheric environment, the wind field data of an emergency planning area is provided by a Global weather Forecast System (GFS), and the wind field changes from the south to the north and then to the north and the south.
S2, calculating the activity concentration of each radionuclide of each grid of the emergency planning area according to the accident source item and the wind field data, and evaluating the radiation dose rate in the emergency planning area;
in this example, the radionuclide-related parameter coefficients are shown in table 1.
Figure 361149DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
Calculating to obtain the radiation dose evaluation condition of the emergency planning area through a formula (1) to a formula (5):
Figure 383331DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Figure 831630DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
the evaluation condition is shown in fig. 3, the whole area is divided into 8 areas according to the radiation dose rate, the dose rate ranges corresponding to the numbers 0-7 are shown in table 2, the number 7 is the innermost area, the numbers are 6/5/4/3/2/1 along with the attenuation of the radiation dose rate, and the areas with the radiation dose rate less than 1mSv/h are uniformly numbered as 0.
Figure 814630DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
And step 3: establishing an evacuation network
S3, determining public emergency evacuation path road nodes according to the road network of the emergency plan area, determining the connection relation and attribute information among the nodes, and forming an evacuation network;
the public emergency evacuation path road takes a road network intersection as a node and a street as an edge;
the attribute information between the nodes comprises the distance between two adjacent nodes and the radiation dose;
the evacuation network is a two-dimensional network graph formed by nodes and connecting lines, and the two-dimensional network graph is nested in the emergency planning area grid.
In this embodiment, according to the road network condition of the emergency planning area, the eastern part is taken as a no-traffic road in the sea area, the west part is taken as an inland area, the road network intersection is taken as a node, and the street is taken as a side, it is determined that 50 public emergency evacuation route road nodes exist, the node numbers are shown in fig. 4, and the connection relationship and the distance between the nodes are shown in fig. 5.
S4, calculating all evacuation path sets with relatively low radiation dose rate to the public based on an improved chaotic ant colony algorithm according to the grids of the start point and the end point of the evacuation path;
according to the radiation dose information distribution condition of the emergency plan area determined in the step S3, setting the starting point of the evacuation path as a node 1 and the end point of the evacuation path as a node 49;
according to the improved chaotic ant colony algorithm, ants are placed on a starting point, then a next target node is selected according to the pheromone concentration and the heuristic information factor, and the probability formula for selecting the next node is as follows:
Figure 537735DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
initializing pheromones of each path by using a chaotic algorithm:
Figure 372066DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
wherein Z (k +1) is a new mapping variable sequence, and Z (k) is a chaotic variable sequence and is a control parameter; when each ant reaches the target node, the current iteration is finished, all evacuation paths found by the ant in the current iteration are recorded, and the pheromone concentration is updated, wherein the pheromone updating method comprises the following steps:
Figure 132212DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
wherein, among others,
Figure 586196DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
is the pheromone volatility coefficient;
Figure 581833DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
is the pheromone left between the paths (i, j) in the current iteration, and the path (i, j) is the path from the node i to the node j;
Figure 657237DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
is the pheromone indicating that ant k stays on the path (i, j) at time t;
Figure 571972DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
is the total amount of the pheromone carried by the ants,
Figure 857460DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
is the effective dose of each path, and M is the total number of ants.
In this example, a 50 × 1 chaotic variable matrix Z (k) is randomly generated at first, the chaotic variable corresponds to one path traversing all nodes, 500 new chaotic variable matrices Z (k +1) are generated by using a formula (8) and correspond to 500 new paths, all paths from the node 1 to the node 50 are found, and pheromones are left according to the radiation dose rate;
when each ant reaches the target node, the current iteration is ended, all the evacuation paths found by the ants in the current iteration are recorded, the pheromone concentration is updated, and the improved pheromone difference updating method comprises the following steps:
Figure 266576DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
the main parameters of the algorithm are shown in table 3:
Figure 321119DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
the set of all evacuation paths with relatively low radiation dose rates is shown in fig. 6, and the dose rates experienced by nodes and the public in all paths are shown in table 4:
Figure 937914DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
s5, performing multi-objective decision optimization according to the evacuation time and the radiation certainty effect of each path in all the evacuation path sets to determine an optimal path;
the multi-objective decision optimization of the evacuation time and the radiation certainty effect of each path in all the evacuation path sets is performed by taking the shortest evacuation time as a target function, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Figure 851644DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
the average evacuation speeds on the expressway, the national road, the provincial road and the village road are respectively estimated to be 80 km/h, 60 km/h, 30 km/h and 20 km/h;
taking the non-occurrence of radiation certainty effect as a constraint condition, specifically as follows:
Figure 316648DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
the relationship between acute ionizing radiation and the deterministic effects of public health is shown in table 5.
Figure 366643DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
The optimal path is evaluated by equivalent dose threshold value of 2Sv radiation determinacy effect, and the time spent on acquiring 5 paths by calculating the path set to be selected in the table 3 is respectively 4.28h, 4.05h, 3.49h, 4.17h and 4.63 h. Path 3 takes the least time but its radiation dose exceeds the set threshold, so the best evacuation path that is eligible is path 4, as shown in fig. 7.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution of the present invention and the inventive concept within the scope of the present invention disclosed by the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A public emergency evacuation path optimization method under nuclear accidents is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining the range of the emergency planning area, meshing the emergency planning area, determining a nuclear accident environment release source item, and acquiring wind field data in the emergency planning area;
s2, calculating the activity concentration of each radionuclide of each grid of the emergency planning area according to the accident source item and the wind field data, and evaluating the radiation dose rate in the emergency planning area; the activity concentration of the radionuclide is calculated by an Euler advection diffusion equation:
Figure FDA0003427582200000011
wherein C isqRepresenting the activity of the radionuclide qConcentration; u is a wind field vector; ρ is the air density; k is a turbulent dispersion coefficient; r is the concentration change rate caused by wet sedimentation; g is the concentration change rate caused by dry and wet sedimentation; sigmachemThe concentration change rate caused by physical and chemical reaction; semisThe release rate of the source item;
radiation dose rate D in the emergency planning zonetAccording to radionuclide activity concentration CiAnd the concentration change rate G caused by dry and wet sedimentation is obtained, and the radiation dose rate D istIncluding air-immersed external irradiation dose EIMEffective dose E of ground deposition external irradiationGRAnd an effective dose E of inhaled internal radiationINH：
Dt＝EIM+EGR+EINH； (2)
EIM＝Cq·DFIM·Of； (3)
EGR＝G·DFGR·Of； (4)
EINH＝Cq·RINH·DFINH； (5)
Wherein DFIM、DFGRAnd DFINHConversion factors respectively representing the air immersion external irradiation dose, the ground deposition external irradiation effective dose and the inhalation internal irradiation effective dose; o isfIs a masking factor; rINHIs the breathing rate, t is the time;
s3, determining public emergency evacuation path road nodes according to the road network of the emergency plan area, determining the connection relation and attribute information among the nodes, and forming an evacuation network;
s4, calculating all evacuation path sets with relatively low radiation dose rate to the public based on an improved chaotic ant colony algorithm according to the grids of the start point and the end point of the evacuation path;
and S5, performing multi-objective decision optimization according to the evacuation time and the radiation certainty effect of each path in all the evacuation path sets to determine the optimal path.
2. The method for optimizing the public emergency evacuation path in the nuclear accident situation according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the range of the emergency planning area comprises a smoke plume emergency planning area and a food intake emergency planning area; the radiuses of the smoke plume emergency planning area and the food intake emergency planning area are respectively not more than 10km and 50km by taking an accident point as a center.
3. The method for optimizing the public emergency evacuation path in the nuclear accident according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the emergency plan area is gridded by dividing the area within the emergency plan area into grids with the same size in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction;
the nuclear accident environment release source item comprises the type, release rate and release mode of the radionuclide determined by the accident scene measuring equipment;
the wind field data in the emergency planning area comprise the temperature, the humidity, the wind direction, the wind speed and the air pressure of the atmosphere at different heights and the temperature, the humidity and the earth surface temperature of different depths on the land.
4. The method for optimizing the public emergency evacuation path in the nuclear accident according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S3, the public emergency evacuation route road uses a road network intersection as a node and a street as a side;
the attribute information between the nodes comprises the distance between two adjacent nodes and the radiation dose;
the evacuation network is a two-dimensional network graph formed by nodes and connecting lines, and the two-dimensional network graph is nested in the emergency planning area grid.
5. The method for optimizing the public emergency evacuation path in the nuclear accident according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S4, the mesh at the start point of the evacuation path is the mesh to which the accident site belongs, and the end point of the evacuation path is the mesh outside the emergency plan area.
6. The method for optimizing the public emergency evacuation path in the nuclear accident according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S4, the ant colony algorithm is to place ants on a starting point and then select a next target node according to pheromone concentration and heuristic information factors, and a probability formula for selecting the next node is as follows:
Figure FDA0003427582200000021
Figure FDA0003427582200000022
Figure FDA0003427582200000023
is the probability that ant k chooses to move from node i to node j, allowedkIs the set of target nodes that ant k has not visited; alpha and beta are pheromone importance factor and heuristic function factor respectively; tau isij(t) represents the residual pheromone concentration between node i and node j at time t; etaij(t) is heuristic information between the node i and the node j at the time t;
Figure FDA0003427582200000031
representing the concentration of the residual pheromone between node i and node s to the power of alpha at time t,
Figure FDA0003427582200000032
a power of β representing heuristic information between node i and node s at time t; is the radiation dose between node i and node j.
7. The method for optimizing the public emergency evacuation path in the nuclear accident according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the improved chaotic ant colony algorithm, the chaotic algorithm is used for initializing pheromones of each path:
Z(k+1)＝μZ(k)(1-Z(k))； (8)
wherein Z (k +1) is a new mapping variable sequence, Z (k) is a chaotic variable sequence, and mu is a control parameter; when each ant reaches the target node, the current iteration is finished, all evacuation paths found by the ant in the current iteration are recorded, and the pheromone concentration is updated, wherein the pheromone updating method comprises the following steps:
τij(t+1)＝(1-ρ)τij(t)+Δτij(t)； (9)
Figure FDA0003427582200000033
Figure FDA0003427582200000034
wherein rho is the pheromone volatilization coefficient; delta tauij(t) is the pheromone left between paths (i, j) in this iteration, path (i, j) being the path traversed from node i to node j;
Figure FDA0003427582200000035
is the pheromone indicating that ant k stays on the path (i, j) at time t; q is the total amount of pheromone carried by ants, DkIs the effective dose of each path, and M is the total number of ants; tau isij(t +1) and τij(t) represents the pheromone concentrations of the end point, i.e., node j, and the start point, i.e., node i, of the route (i, j) at time t +1 and time t, respectively.
8. The method of claim 7 for optimizing a public emergency evacuation path in a nuclear accident, wherein: in the improved chaotic ant colony algorithm, an improved pheromone difference updating method is adopted, and after iteration, effective doses of paths with minimum effective dose and maximum effective dose are respectively recorded as DleastAnd DmostThen calculating the average effective dose D of the current iterationaveIf the route is an effective dose DkLess than the average effective dose DaveThe pheromone concentration for that pathway is updated as shown in equation (15) and otherwise decremented as shown in equation (16), the additional pheromone concentration will remain at the effective dose minimum as shown in equations (12) and (13)The following are specific paths:
Figure FDA0003427582200000041
9. the method for optimizing the public emergency evacuation path in the nuclear accident according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S5, the multi-objective decision optimization of the evacuation time and the radiation certainty effect of each path in all the evacuation path sets is performed with the shortest evacuation time as an objective function, which is specifically as follows:
Figure FDA0003427582200000042
taking the non-occurrence of radiation certainty effect as a constraint condition, specifically as follows:
Figure FDA0003427582200000043
wherein S ismThe distance length of a path m between any two traversable nodes, n represents the number of paths,
Figure FDA0003427582200000044
average speed of evacuation of the public on path m, H (t) equivalent dose, ω, of the whole bodyrFor each organ irradiation weight factor, tmTime taken to traverse path m, HSign boardFor the occurrence of a radiation deterministic effect equivalent dose threshold, the symbol T is the evacuation time.
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