CN113673134B - Digital twin body construction method of cantilever beam structure - Google Patents
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
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- G06F2119/14—Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces
Abstract
The digital twin body construction method of the cantilever beam structure comprises the following steps: (1) Selecting an acceleration sensor and an installation position and a method thereof; (2) Based on the cantilever beam size and the sensor design parameters, a digital model of the cantilever beam is built by utilizing CAD software; (3) A singlechip is adopted to design a data transmission interface to acquire acceleration signals acquired by a sensor; (4) Filtering noise and gravitational acceleration to obtain triaxial acceleration data of the cantilever structure; (5) Obtaining displacement data of the cantilever beam structure by adopting a double integration method and storing the displacement data; (6) And carrying out cyclic static force mechanical simulation on the cantilever structure by using finite element analysis software to obtain a simulation analysis result.
Description
Field of the art
The invention relates to the technical field of digital twinning, in particular to a digital twinning body construction method of a cantilever beam structure.
(II) background art
The digital twin technology is to build digital display capable of mapping and simulating physical space entities, processes or systems in digital space, namely digital twin, so as to realize accurate perception and intelligent prediction of the physical space entities, processes or systems. And establishing a data transmission path between the digital twin body and the physical entity based on a sensor data acquisition technology, realizing acquisition of real-time states such as pressure, angle, gesture, speed, acceleration and the like, updating and mapping the acquired data to a digital space, and modeling and simulating the twin body of the digital space based on the data acquired in real time, so as to obtain the stress strain state of the physical entity in the operation process. Finally, the health state of the physical space entity is estimated and predicted by using modeling and simulation results, so that maintenance decision and the like are guided. Based on the technical characteristics of the dynamic bidirectional mapping, the digital twin technology can be regarded as an important form of modeling and simulation technology applied to digital engineering, and can be widely applied to the fields of manufacturing, intelligent engineering, smart cities and the like.
The cantilever structure refers to a fixed support which does not generate axial direction, vertical direction and rotation at one end of the cantilever, and a free end which can generate axial direction and vertical direction at the other end of the cantilever. In practical engineering, because the stress condition and the constraint condition of many component parts are complex, analysis is often required by simplifying the complex parts into cantilever beams. Therefore, the cantilever beam is a very common basic simplified model in engineering and has research value. However, the analysis of the cantilever structure is mostly focused on the calculation of a theoretical layer, the stress and strain conditions of the cantilever under the actual working condition cannot be effectively considered, the state of a physical entity is difficult to precisely map, and meanwhile, a three-dimensional visual real-time display method for the dynamic response state of the cantilever structure under the load condition is lacking.
If the real-time data acquisition and transmission can be based, the stress and strain state in the operation process of the cantilever structure under the actual working condition is considered, and the visual display is carried out, the operation process of the cantilever structure can be more accurately described, and therefore fault sensing and intelligent early warning are realized.
(III) summary of the invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for constructing a cantilever structure digital twin body based on an acceleration sensor, which is characterized in that data acquired by the acceleration sensor in real time are transmitted to a digital space for modeling and simulation, so that the motion state of the cantilever structure under the external load condition can be mapped dynamically in real time, and the accurate mapping and monitoring of the state of the cantilever structure at any moment can be realized.
The invention provides a cantilever beam structure digital twin body construction method based on an acceleration sensor, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Based on the motion state of the cantilever structure, selecting a reasonable acceleration sensor and determining the installation position and method of the acceleration sensor;
(2) Based on the size of the cantilever structure and the design parameters of the sensor, constructing a three-dimensional digital model of the cantilever structure by utilizing CAD software;
(3) A singlechip is adopted as a main control unit for data acquisition, and a data transmission interface is designed to acquire acceleration signals a acquired by a sensor U ;
(4) Noise is filtered by adopting a filtering algorithmThe gravity acceleration g is used for obtaining triaxial acceleration data a of the cantilever structure in the motion process X 、a Y 、a Z ;
(5) Acquiring real-time displacement data d of cantilever structure by adopting double integral algorithm t And storing;
(6) Performing cyclic static force mechanical simulation on the cantilever structure by using finite element analysis software, and obtaining real-time displacement data d t And obtaining a simulation analysis result as load input.
In the step (1), a reasonable acceleration sensor is selected and an installation position and a method thereof are determined, and the actual operation condition, size and material parameters of the cantilever structure are required to be comprehensively considered, so that the data acquisition frequency of the selected sensor is high, the weight of the selected sensor is light, and the response of the cantilever structure to the load is minimally influenced. And simultaneously, the sensor is fixed at the top end of the cantilever structure, and the Z-axis direction of the sensor is kept vertical.
In the step (2), the three-dimensional digital model of the cantilever structure is constructed by using CAD software, and the three-dimensional digital model of the cantilever structure can be created in digital space by using common CAD design software (such as Solid works, 3D MAX or UG, etc.), wherein the model should contain the geometric dimension and material information of the entity of the cantilever structure. In addition, if necessary, the sensor CAD model selected in the step (1) needs to be built, and the sensor CAD model are combined with each other to build a more accurate cantilever beam digital twin body.
Wherein in step (3), the design data transmission interface acquires an acceleration signal a acquired by an acceleration sensor U The designed transmission interface should include hardware wiring and software program interfaces. The hardware interface needs to be connected with the positive and negative power supply lines and the data transmission line of the acceleration sensor, and the software program interface needs to initialize performance parameters such as serial ports, baud rates, sampling interval time, sampling ranges and the like of the sensor and write programs for transmitting acceleration data to the main control unit.
In the step (4), noise and gravitational acceleration g are filtered by adopting a filtering algorithm, so that acceleration data a of the cantilever structure in the motion process is obtained t The high-frequency vibration noise in the acceleration signal needs to be filtered by adopting a low-pass filter, and the formula of the first-order low-pass filter is as follows:
Y(n)=αX(n)+(1-α)Y(n-1)
wherein, alpha is a filter coefficient; x (n) is the sampling value of this time; y (n-1) is the last filtering output value; y (n) is the current filtering output value. The filtering coefficient is set for weighting to obtain the current filtering output value, so that the high-frequency noise signal can be filtered.
The influence of gravity acceleration on the acquired acceleration signal needs to be eliminated, so that the motion acceleration of the cantilever beam structure is obtained, the gravity acceleration value is filtered by using a high-pass filtering algorithm, and the formula of the high-pass filtering is as follows:
Y(n)=b*(X(n)-X(n-1)+Y(n-1))
wherein b is a filter coefficient; x (n) is the sampling value of this time; y (n-1) is the last filtering output value; y (n) is the current filtering output value.
Finally, the triaxial acceleration value a after noise and gravity acceleration g are filtered X 、a Y 、a Z Transmitting to the main control unit, and drawing a dynamic real-time acceleration curve graph.
Wherein, in the step (5), the real-time displacement data d of the cantilever structure is obtained by adopting a double integration algorithm t And storing, namely selecting acceleration data in the same axial direction as the vibration direction of the cantilever structure according to the mounting position of the sensor to perform displacement calculation, wherein a double integral algorithm formula which can be adopted for continuous acceleration signals is as follows:
wherein d 0 Is the initial displacement; v 0 Is the initial speed; a (t) is acceleration; d, d c Is the total displacement after the solution. The method provided by the invention is used for calculating continuous analog signals, and needs to carry out integral solution of discrete acceleration signals, and the formula is as follows:
where a (i) is the ith acceleration sample; v c (i) For the calculated ith speed sample; d, d t (i) Is the calculated ith displacement sample.
And storing the displacement data calculated based on the acceleration into a txt file format, and providing load input for subsequent finite element simulation analysis.
Performing cyclic statics simulation on the cantilever structure by using finite element analysis software in the step (6), and obtaining real-time displacement data d t As load input. Common finite element analysis software such as ANSYS, ABAQUS, etc., and the main analysis flows include preprocessing, solve solving and post-processing operations. The pretreatment operation comprises three-dimensional model introduction, grid division, contact setting and the like of the cantilever structure; the solve solving operation comprises adding boundary conditions, fixing constraints, adding displacement load steps, circularly solving and the like; the post-processing operation is mainly to export and store a stress-strain result cloud picture of the cantilever structure simulation analysis for visual display. Visual presentation can take two approaches: 1. the result post-processing process through finite element analysis software is stored as an animation format; 2. and (3) saving the single statics simulation result graph, writing a computer program, reading and calling, and visually displaying.
(IV) description of the drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing the steps of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the cantilever structure and the acceleration sensor mounting of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the connection of hardware interfaces of the acceleration sensor according to the present invention
FIG. 4 is a graph of triaxial acceleration signals acquired by the ADXL sensor according to the present invention
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the simulation results of the cantilever structure according to the present invention
(fifth) detailed description of the invention
In order to make the technical scheme, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a digital twin body construction method of a cantilever structure, which provides a thought for visual display of acquisition data and simulation results of a dynamic response process of the cantilever structure under a load condition. The flow of the steps of the present invention is shown in fig. 1, and the following describes the essential content of the present invention with reference to the specific examples, but the content of the present invention is not limited thereto.
(1) And taking the different working scenes such as the size, the material, the mode of the cantilever beam structure and the like into consideration, selecting and installing a proper acceleration sensor. The concrete installation mode is as shown in fig. 2, and comprises a cantilever structure restraint end 1, a cantilever structure 2, an acceleration sensor 3 and a lead 4. The cantilever beam structure is made of 304 stainless steel material 400mm multiplied by 2mm multiplied by 1mm, and is horizontally fixed, the left side is fixed in a clamping mode as a constraint end, and the right side is a free end. Preferably, the acceleration sensor is a high-precision 13-bit ADXL345 chip, has small volume and light weight, can monitor static gravitational acceleration and track motion state, and can communicate with I2C through SPI. The acceleration sensor is fixed at the free end of the cantilever structure by using screws and bolts, and the lead is stuck to the cantilever structure, so that the influence on the movement of the cantilever structure is reduced.
(2) In this example, the Solid works software is used to model the cantilever structure in a three-dimensional digital manner, and since the volume and the mass of the ADXL345 chip selected in this example are negligible compared with those of the cantilever structure, the Solid works software is not taken into consideration when constructing the three-dimensional model, and only the three-dimensional model of the cantilever structure is constructed. Firstly, drawing a certain side surface of a cantilever structure, such as a rectangle with the length of 2mm multiplied by 1mm, then expanding the cantilever structure into a cantilever structure with the length of 400mm through a stretching function, and storing a finally drawn three-dimensional model into a sldprt file format which can be identified by simulation software.
(3) The acceleration sensor can realize data transmission communication through SPI and I2C, so that a singlechip can be used as a main control unit to receive acceleration signals. Preferably, the present example uses an Arduino UNO singlechip as a main control unit, connects VCC and GND on an Arduino UNO development board to an acceleration sensor, and connects SCL and SDA pins to A4 and A5 pins for data transmission, where a specific connection mode is as follows. Writing a control program by utilizing an IDE, importing a wire.h header file, setting an I2C address, initializing a serial port, setting a baud rate parameter as 115200, changing a register state of an acceleration sensor by utilizing a Wrie.write command, setting a measuring range as +/-4 g and sampling interval time as 100ms, placing the acceleration sensor on a horizontal plane for offset calibration, and setting triaxial acceleration offset as follows: x-axis+=0g; y axis+=0.02 g; z axis+=0.03 g.
TABLE 1ADXL hardware wiring scheme Table
Arduino UNO single-chip microcomputer development board pin | ADXL345 sensor pin |
GND | GND |
3V3 | 3V3 |
A4 | SDA |
A5 | SCL |
(4) On the basis of the acceleration signals acquired in the step (3), high-pass filtering and low-pass filtering programming are realized in an Arduino control program, high-frequency vibration noise in the acquired acceleration signals is filtered, further, the gravity acceleration in the Z-axis direction is filtered, a triaxial acceleration value which completely reflects the motion state of the cantilever structure is obtained, and dynamic curves are drawn. Preferably, the X, Y, Z axis acceleration signal is dynamically presented in this example using a Processing software writer, as shown in fig. 4.
(5) In this example, the vibration amplitude of the cantilever structure is smaller than ±15° under the external load in the vertical direction, so the displacement in the Z-axis direction can be regarded as the response of the cantilever structure under the external load, and the positive displacement amount of the Z-axis is defined as a positive value. The displacement calculation is performed using the following formula.
Where a (i) is the ith acceleration sample; v c (i) For the calculated ith speed sample; d, d c (i) Is the calculated ith displacement sample. In order to ensure that the calculation speed is reduced after a large amount of data are overlapped, a data window is set to 200 groups of data in the example, historical data are produced after the data in the solving process exceeds 200 groups, and the calculation efficiency is kept. And finally, saving the calculated displacement data in the Z-axis direction of the cantilever structure as txt file format as input of subsequent simulation analysis, wherein the table below is 30 groups of calculated displacement data.
TABLE 2Z-axis displacement data for cantilever structures (node selection)
Sequence number | Units/mm | Sequence number | Displacement (mm) |
1 | -12.296 | 16 | -63.482 |
2 | -10.488 | 17 | -66.229 |
3 | -14.026 | 18 | -64.176 |
4 | -14.054 | 19 | -66.573 |
5 | -12.271 | 20 | -64.963 |
6 | -14.026 | 21 | -66.153 |
7 | -14.110 | 22 | -58.232 |
8 | -14.312 | 23 | -42.226 |
9 | -23.561 | 24 | -15.141 |
10 | -36.451 | 25 | 11.305 |
11 | -40.102 | 26 | 28.983 |
12 | -45.353 | 27 | 52.301 |
13 | -51.924 | 28 | 51.773 |
14 | -53.410 | 29 | 42.838 |
15 | -59.730 | 30 | 23.175 |
(6) An important step in constructing a digital twin body of a cantilever structure is to map the operational state of the cantilever structure based on data transmitted in physical space. Under the external load condition, finite element simulation analysis is required to be carried out on the displacement data of the top end of the cantilever structure calculated based on the acceleration sensor, so that a stress strain result of the cantilever structure under the load condition is obtained.
Preferably, the cyclic statics simulation analysis of the cantilever structure is performed using APDL command stream of ANSYS software in this example, and the main simulation steps include: the method comprises the steps of importing a three-dimensional CAD model, setting material properties of a cantilever beam structure, selecting units and dividing grids, setting constraint conditions, reading displacement load, performing cyclic statics simulation analysis and post-processing to display stress strain results. Firstly, importing a cantilever structure three-dimensional digital model constructed in the step (2), and setting 304 material parameters such as stainless steel elastic modulus, poisson ratio, density and the like; selecting grid units and performing grid division, wherein a SOLID186 unit and an SMRTSIZE automatic grid division tool are adopted in the example; further, setting the left side of the cantilever structure as a fixed end, and adding a load on the right side, namely circularly reading displacement data; and finally, saving the simulation output result as a picture, selecting a second visual display method in the example, and adopting a Matlab program to realize reading and visual display of the simulation result picture. The stress results of the digital twin simulation during the load response of the cantilever structure are shown in fig. 5. The APDL procedure utilized was:
the Matlab program for reading and visually displaying the simulation result picture comprises the following steps:
Claims (7)
1. a method for constructing a digital twin body of a cantilever beam structure is characterized by comprising the following steps: it comprises the following steps:
(1) Based on the motion state of the cantilever structure, selecting a reasonable acceleration sensor and determining the installation position and method of the acceleration sensor;
(2) Based on the size of the cantilever structure and the design parameters of the sensor, constructing a three-dimensional digital model of the cantilever structure by utilizing CAD software;
(3) A singlechip is adopted as a main control unit for data acquisition, and a data transmission interface is designed to acquire acceleration signals a acquired by a sensor U ;
(4) Filtering noise and gravitational acceleration g by adopting a filtering algorithm to obtain triaxial acceleration data a of the cantilever structure in the motion process X 、a Y 、a Z ;
(5) Acquiring real-time displacement data d of cantilever structure by adopting double integral algorithm t And storing;
(6) Performing cyclic static force mechanical simulation on the cantilever structure by using finite element analysis software, and obtaining real-time displacement data d t And obtaining a simulation analysis result as load input.
2. The method for constructing a digital twin body of a cantilever structure according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), a reasonable acceleration sensor is selected and the installation position and method thereof are determined, the actual operation working condition, size and material parameters of the cantilever structure are comprehensively considered, the data acquisition frequency of the selected sensor is ensured to be higher, the weight of the selected sensor is ensured to be lighter, the response of the cantilever structure to the load is affected to the minimum extent, and meanwhile, the sensor is fixed at the top end position of the cantilever structure, and the Z-axis direction of the sensor is kept vertical.
3. The method for constructing a digital twin body of a cantilever structure according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the three-dimensional digital model of the cantilever structure is constructed by using CAD software, the three-dimensional digital model of the cantilever structure can be created in digital space by using common CAD design software, the model should contain the geometric dimension and material information of the entity of the cantilever structure, and in addition, if necessary, the sensor CAD model selected in the step (1) needs to be constructed, and the two models are combined with each other to construct a more accurate cantilever digital twin body.
4. The method for constructing a digital twin body of a cantilever structure according to claim 1, wherein: the design data transmission interface in the step (3) acquires an acceleration signal a acquired by an acceleration sensor U The designed transmission interface comprises a hardware connection line and a software program interface, wherein the hardware connection line is required to be connected with an anode power supply line and a cathode power supply line of the acceleration sensor, the software program interface is required to initialize performance parameters of the sensor, including serial ports, baud rates, sampling interval time and sampling range of the sensor, and program for transmitting acceleration data to the main control unit.
5. The method for constructing a digital twin body of a cantilever structure according to claim 1, wherein: the noise and the gravity acceleration g are filtered by adopting a filtering algorithm in the step (4) to obtain acceleration data a of the cantilever structure in the motion process t The high-frequency vibration noise in the acceleration signal needs to be filtered by adopting a low-pass filter, and the formula of the first-order low-pass filter is as follows:
Y(n)=αX(n)+(1-α)Y(n-1)
wherein, alpha is a filter coefficient; x (n) is the sampling value of this time; y (n-1) is the last filtering output value; y (n) is the current filtering output value, and the current filtering output value is obtained by weighting through setting a filtering coefficient, so that a high-frequency noise signal can be filtered;
the influence of gravity acceleration on the acquired acceleration signal needs to be eliminated, so that the motion acceleration of the cantilever beam structure is obtained, the gravity acceleration value is filtered by using a high-pass filtering algorithm, and the formula of the high-pass filtering is as follows:
Y(n)=b*(X(n)-X(n-1)+Y(n-1))
wherein b is a filter coefficient; x (n) is the sampling value of this time; y (n-1) is the last filtering output value; y (n) is the current filtering output value;
finally, the triaxial acceleration value a after noise and gravity acceleration g are filtered X 、a Y 、a Z Transmitting to the main control unit, and drawing a dynamic real-time acceleration curve graph.
6. The method for constructing a digital twin body of a cantilever structure according to claim 1, wherein: acquiring real-time displacement data d of the cantilever structure by adopting a double integration algorithm in the step (5) t And storing, namely selecting acceleration data in the same axial direction as the vibration direction of the cantilever structure according to the mounting position of the sensor to perform displacement calculation, wherein a double integral algorithm formula which can be adopted for continuous acceleration signals is as follows:
wherein d 0 Is the initial displacement; v 0 Is the initial speed; a (t) is acceleration; d, d c For the calculated total displacement, the above formula is used for calculating a continuous analog signal, and on the basis of the continuous analog signal, the integral solution of the discrete acceleration signal is carried out, and the formula is as follows:
where a (i) is the ith acceleration sample; v c (i) For the calculated ith speed sample; d, d t (i) For the calculated ith displacement sample;
and storing the displacement data calculated based on the acceleration into a txt file format, and providing load input for subsequent finite element simulation analysis.
7. The method for constructing a digital twin body of a cantilever structure according to claim 1, wherein: performing cyclic statics simulation on the cantilever structure by using finite element analysis software in the step (6), and obtaining real-time displacement data d t As load input, common finite element analysis software comprises ANSYS and ABAQUS, and the main analysis flow comprises preprocessing, solve solving and post-processing operations, wherein the preprocessing operations comprise three-dimensional model importing, meshing and contact setting of a cantilever structure; the solve solving operation comprises adding boundary conditions, fixing constraints, adding displacement load steps and circularly solving; the post-processing operation is mainly to export and store a stress-strain result cloud picture of the cantilever structure simulation analysis, and the visual display can be carried out by adopting two methods: 1. the result post-processing process through finite element analysis software is stored as an animation format; 2. and (3) saving the single statics simulation result graph, writing a computer program, reading and calling, and visually displaying.
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CN110605709A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-12-24 | 西南交通大学 | Digital twin and precise filtering driving robot integration system and use method thereof |
CN110704974A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-01-17 | 江苏科技大学 | Modeling and using method of process model based on digital twin drive |
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CN101620642A (en) * | 2009-04-09 | 2010-01-06 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Method for vibrating power-generation analysis finite element by different shapes of cantilever beam piezoelectric vibrators |
CN110605709A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-12-24 | 西南交通大学 | Digital twin and precise filtering driving robot integration system and use method thereof |
CN110704974A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-01-17 | 江苏科技大学 | Modeling and using method of process model based on digital twin drive |
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