CN113673026A - Method and system for calculating random electromagnetic vibration characteristics of hub motor - Google Patents
Method and system for calculating random electromagnetic vibration characteristics of hub motor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for calculating the random electromagnetic vibration characteristic of a hub motor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a system for calculating random electromagnetic vibration characteristics of a hub motor, and belongs to the field of new energy electric automobiles.
Background
The hub motor is used as a key part for driving the hub of the electric automobile, the performance of the hub motor directly determines the dynamic performance of the automobile, however, the hub motor is influenced by random vibration generated by road unevenness in the running process, so that the contradiction between the smoothness and the operation stability of the electric automobile is excited, and the riding comfort and the driving safety of the automobile are influenced.
One of the main factors causing the vibration of the in-wheel motor is the unbalanced radial electromagnetic force of the motor. Because the unbalanced radial electromagnetic force directly acts on the wheel without vibration reduction, the working environment of the motor can be deteriorated, the fatigue life of the motor can be reduced, the dynamic load of the tire can be increased, the ground gripping attachment capacity of the tire can be reduced, and the rollover risk of the automobile can be increased.
Aiming at the problem of random vibration of the hub motor, the prior art only aims at the problem that the excitation of the road surface can influence the vibration of the hub motor to carry out single research, and the research is analyzed from the outside of the motor, and the influence of the random vibration factor of the road surface on the electromagnetic change in the motor is not further considered, so that the influence of the random vibration factor of the road surface on the electromagnetic vibration characteristic of the hub motor cannot be truly reflected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a system for calculating the random electromagnetic vibration characteristics of an in-wheel motor, which solve the problems disclosed in the background art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for calculating the random electromagnetic vibration characteristics of an in-wheel motor comprises the following steps:
according to the road surface unevenness, carrying out random dynamic analysis on the body and the wheels of the electric automobile to obtain random vibration factors influencing a hub motor;
carrying out dynamic eccentricity analysis on the stator and the rotor of the hub motor, and calculating the eccentricity of the stator and the rotor of the hub motor according to random vibration factors;
calculating the air gap flux density when the rotor of the hub motor is eccentric according to the eccentricity of the stator and the rotor of the hub motor;
calculating the radial electromagnetic force of the hub motor according to the air gap flux density;
and calculating the acceleration transfer function of the radial electromagnetic force reflecting the random electromagnetic vibration characteristic of the hub motor according to the radial electromagnetic force.
According to the road surface unevenness, the random dynamics analysis of the electric automobile body and the wheels is carried out, the random vibration factors influencing the hub motor are obtained, and the specific process is as follows:
according to the road surface unevenness, performing random dynamic analysis on the body and wheels of the electric automobile, and constructing a road surface power spectral density fitting function and an electric automobile vibration model;
and acquiring random vibration factors influencing the hub motor according to the road surface power spectral density fitting function and the electric automobile vibration model.
The road surface power spectral density fitting function is as follows:
where n is the spatial frequency and n is0For reference to spatial frequency, Gq(n0) Is a reference spatial frequency n0The road surface unevenness q coefficient, omega, is a frequency index, GqAnd (n) is the road surface power spectral density.
The electric automobile vibration model is as follows:
wherein m is1、m2、m0Respectively vehicle body mass, hub motor mass and tire mass, k1、k2、k0Respectively the automobile suspension stiffness, the hub motor stiffness and the tire spring stiffness, c1、c2、c0Respectively are the damping coefficient of the automobile suspension shock absorber, the damping coefficient of the hub motor and the damping coefficient of the tire, q is the road surface unevenness,are respectively mnN is 1,2, 0.
The random vibration factors are:
wherein beta is a random vibration factor, lambda is a frequency ratio, q is road surface unevenness, and zeta is a damping ratio.
The air gap flux density is calculated as:
Br=kN2λlIsin(ωt+θ)
wherein k is a proportionality coefficient, N is the number of turns of the stator winding, I is a peak current, and omegaeIs the angular frequency of rotation of the rotor, BrIs the air gap flux density, theta is the rotor angle,
being air-gap permeance, gamma0The length of a uniform air gap between the stator and the rotor when no eccentricity exists, alpha is the angle of the eccentric direction of the rotor, and e is the eccentricity of the stator and the rotor of the hub motor.
According to the air gap magnetic flux density, calculating the radial electromagnetic force of the hub motor, and the specific process is as follows:
and according to the air gap magnetic flux density, integrating the rotor angle to obtain the radial electromagnetic force of the hub motor.
The radial electromagnetic force calculation formula of the hub motor is as follows:
wherein, Fr,βIs the radial electromagnetic force of the hub motor, theta is the rotor angle, mu0Is magnetic permeability.
The radial electromagnetic force acceleration transfer function is:
wherein, H (s, beta), a (s, beta), Fr(s, beta) are respectively a radial electromagnetic force acceleration transfer function, an acceleration response and a radial electromagnetic force under the influence of a random vibration factor beta, and s is a Laplace variable.
An in-wheel motor random electromagnetic vibration characteristic calculation system, comprising:
a random vibration factor acquisition module: according to the road surface unevenness, carrying out random dynamic analysis on the body and the wheels of the electric automobile to obtain random vibration factors influencing a hub motor;
an eccentricity calculation module: carrying out dynamic eccentricity analysis on the stator and the rotor of the hub motor, and calculating the eccentricity of the stator and the rotor of the hub motor according to random vibration factors;
air gap flux density calculation module: calculating the air gap flux density when the rotor of the hub motor is eccentric according to the eccentricity of the stator and the rotor of the hub motor;
radial electromagnetic force calculation module: calculating the radial electromagnetic force of the hub motor according to the air gap flux density;
a transfer function calculation module: and calculating the acceleration transfer function of the radial electromagnetic force reflecting the random electromagnetic vibration characteristic of the hub motor according to the radial electromagnetic force.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects: the invention integrates random vibration mechanics and electromagnetics, calculates the radial electromagnetic force vibration acceleration transfer function of the hub motor under random vibration factors, and can analyze the electromagnetic characteristics of the hub motor under random vibration based on the transfer function, thereby more comprehensively reflecting the influence of the road random vibration factors on the electromagnetic vibration of the hub motor, namely the random electromagnetic vibration characteristics of the hub motor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the coupled vibration of the hub motor;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the eccentricity of the rotor of the in-wheel motor.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for calculating the random electromagnetic vibration characteristics of an in-wheel motor includes the following steps:
step 1, performing random dynamics analysis on an electric automobile body and wheels according to road unevenness to obtain random vibration factors affecting a hub motor;
step 2, carrying out dynamic eccentricity analysis on the stator and the rotor of the hub motor, and calculating the eccentricity of the stator and the rotor of the hub motor according to random vibration factors;
step 3, calculating the air gap flux density when the rotor of the hub motor is eccentric according to the eccentricity of the stator and the rotor of the hub motor;
step 4, calculating the radial electromagnetic force of the hub motor according to the air gap flux density;
and 5, calculating a radial electromagnetic force acceleration transfer function reflecting the random electromagnetic vibration characteristic of the hub motor according to the radial electromagnetic force.
The method integrates random vibration mechanics and electromagnetic mechanics, calculates the vibration acceleration transfer function of the radial electromagnetic force of the hub motor under the random vibration factors, and can analyze the electromagnetic characteristics of the hub motor under the random vibration based on the transfer function, thereby more comprehensively reflecting the influence of the road surface random vibration factors on the electromagnetic vibration of the hub motor, namely the random electromagnetic vibration characteristics of the hub motor.
The road surface unevenness is determined according to the actual walking road surface of the electric automobile, the random dynamic analysis of the electric automobile body and wheels is firstly carried out according to the road surface unevenness, a road surface power spectrum density fitting function and an electric automobile vibration model are constructed, and then the random vibration factors influencing the hub motor are obtained according to the road surface power spectrum density fitting function and the electric automobile vibration model.
The road surface power spectral density fitting function is as follows:
where n is the spatial frequency and n is0For reference to spatial frequency, Gq(n0) Is a reference spatial frequency n0The road surface unevenness q coefficient, omega, is a frequency index, GqAnd (n) is the road surface power spectral density.
As a complex nonlinear system, the vibration analysis of the electric vehicle is a coupled system with multiple degrees of freedom, and an 1/4 vehicle vertical vibration model shown in FIG. 2 is established on the assumption that the body mass of the electric vehicle is evenly distributed to all wheels.
And (3) deriving by taking the balance position of each mass block as a coordinate origin through a Newton second law to obtain a dynamic equation, namely the vibration model of the electric automobile is as follows:
wherein m is1、m2、m0Respectively vehicle body mass, hub motor mass and tire mass, k1、k2、k0Respectively the automobile suspension stiffness, the hub motor stiffness and the tire spring stiffness, c1、c2、c0Respectively are the damping coefficient of the automobile suspension shock absorber, the damping coefficient of the hub motor and the damping coefficient of the tire, q is the road surface unevenness,are respectively mnN is 1,2, 0.
In the operation process of the hub motor, uneven road excitation and vehicle body load change can act on the hub motor and finally are converted into a random vibration factor beta of the hub motor, so that the random vibration factor influencing the hub motor is extracted through a road power spectral density fitting function and a two-degree-of-freedom vibration model, and the specific formula is as follows:
the amplitude-frequency characteristics of beta to q are as follows:
wherein beta is a random vibration factor, lambda is a frequency ratio, q is road surface unevenness, and zeta is a damping ratio.
Dynamic eccentricity analysis of a stator and a rotor of the hub motor: in the operation process of the hub motor, vertical electromagnetic forces can be mutually counteracted due to the fact that air gaps are uniformly distributed on the sections of the stator and the rotor, but in practical situations, as shown in fig. 3, due to the fact that eccentricity between the stator and the rotor is difficult to avoid, unbalanced distribution of the air gaps and magnetic fields is caused, and when only basic magnetic fields generated by permanent magnets and d-axis and q-axis currents are considered, a certain functional relation is presented between the eccentricity and random vibration factors.
Therefore, according to the random vibration factor, the eccentricity of the stator and the rotor of the hub motor can be calculated as follows:
e=f(β)
wherein e is the eccentricity of the stator and the rotor of the hub motor, and f is a relation function between e and beta.
Based on a wheel hub motor rotor coordinate system, the length of an air gap between a stator and a rotor of the motor is obtained, and the air gap magnetic conductance is as follows:
wherein, γ0The length of a uniform air gap between the fixed rotors without eccentricity, and alpha is the angle of the eccentric direction of the rotors; omegaeIs the rotor rotational angular frequency;
the air gap flux density is then found to be:
Br=kN2λlIsin(ωet+θ)
wherein k is a proportionality coefficient, N is the number of turns of the stator winding, I is a peak current, and BrFor air gap flux density, θ is the rotor angle.
Because radial electromagnetic force is the main source of radial electromagnetic vibration, according to air gap flux density, carry out the integral to the rotor angle, can obtain the radial electromagnetic force of in-wheel motor, specifically as follows:
wherein, Fr,βRadial electromagnetic force, mu, for hub motors0Is magnetic permeability.
The vibration of the hub motor can be expressed as a mechanical model on a damping spring system, and a vibration equation is obtained by Newton's second lawAccording to the Laplace transform, the displacement response, the speed response and the acceleration response of the system are obtained, and therefore the radial electromagnetic force acceleration transfer function reflecting the random electromagnetic vibration characteristic of the hub motor is obtained, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
wherein, H (s, beta), a (s, beta), Fr(s, beta) are respectively a radial electromagnetic force acceleration transfer function, an acceleration response and a radial electromagnetic force under the influence of a random vibration factor beta, and s is a Laplace variable
The invention provides a random electromagnetic vibration analysis method of an electric automobile hub motor, integrates random vibration mechanics and electromagnetic mechanics, more comprehensively and deeply analyzes and researches the influence of the electromagnetic characteristics of the hub motor, more truly reflects the electromagnetic characteristics of the hub motor under random vibration, and lays a certain foundation for solving the vibration problem of the hub motor and increasing the driving smoothness and riding comfort of an automobile in the future.
An in-wheel motor random electromagnetic vibration characteristic calculation system, comprising:
a random vibration factor acquisition module: according to the road surface unevenness, carrying out random dynamic analysis on the body and the wheels of the electric automobile to obtain random vibration factors influencing a hub motor;
an eccentricity calculation module: carrying out dynamic eccentricity analysis on the stator and the rotor of the hub motor, and calculating the eccentricity of the stator and the rotor of the hub motor according to random vibration factors;
air gap flux density calculation module: calculating the air gap flux density when the rotor of the hub motor is eccentric according to the eccentricity of the stator and the rotor of the hub motor;
radial electromagnetic force calculation module: calculating the radial electromagnetic force of the hub motor according to the air gap flux density;
a transfer function calculation module: and calculating the acceleration transfer function of the radial electromagnetic force reflecting the random electromagnetic vibration characteristic of the hub motor according to the radial electromagnetic force.
A computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform a hub motor random electromagnetic vibration characteristic calculation method.
A computing device comprising one or more processors, one or more memories, and one or more programs stored in the one or more memories and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs comprising instructions for performing a method for calculating a random electromagnetic vibration characteristic of an in-wheel motor.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the scope of the claims of the present invention which are filed as the application.
Claims (10)
1. A method for calculating the random electromagnetic vibration characteristics of an in-wheel motor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
according to the road surface unevenness, carrying out random dynamic analysis on the body and the wheels of the electric automobile to obtain random vibration factors influencing a hub motor;
carrying out dynamic eccentricity analysis on the stator and the rotor of the hub motor, and calculating the eccentricity of the stator and the rotor of the hub motor according to random vibration factors;
calculating the air gap flux density when the rotor of the hub motor is eccentric according to the eccentricity of the stator and the rotor of the hub motor;
calculating the radial electromagnetic force of the hub motor according to the air gap flux density;
and calculating the acceleration transfer function of the radial electromagnetic force reflecting the random electromagnetic vibration characteristic of the hub motor according to the radial electromagnetic force.
2. The method for calculating the random electromagnetic vibration characteristics of the in-wheel motor according to claim 1, wherein the random dynamic analysis of the body and the wheels of the electric vehicle is performed according to the road unevenness, and the random vibration factors affecting the in-wheel motor are obtained by the following specific processes:
according to the road surface unevenness, performing random dynamic analysis on the body and wheels of the electric automobile, and constructing a road surface power spectral density fitting function and an electric automobile vibration model;
and acquiring random vibration factors influencing the hub motor according to the road surface power spectral density fitting function and the electric automobile vibration model.
3. The method for calculating the random electromagnetic vibration characteristics of the in-wheel motor according to claim 2, wherein the road surface power spectral density fitting function is as follows:
where n is the spatial frequency and n is0For reference to spatial frequency, Gq(n0) Is a reference spatial frequency n0The road surface unevenness q coefficient, omega, is a frequency index, GqAnd (n) is the road surface power spectral density.
4. The method for calculating the random electromagnetic vibration characteristic of the in-wheel motor according to claim 2, wherein the vibration model of the electric vehicle is as follows:
wherein m is1、m2、m0Respectively vehicle body mass, hub motor mass and tire mass, k1、k2、k0Respectively the automobile suspension stiffness, the hub motor stiffness and the tire spring stiffness, c1、c2、c0Respectively are damping coefficient of automobile suspension shock absorber, damping coefficient of hub motor and damping coefficient of tyre, q is road surface unevenness, xn、Are respectively mnN is 1,2, 0.
5. A method for calculating the random electromagnetic vibration characteristics of an in-wheel motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the random vibration factors are:
wherein beta is a random vibration factor, lambda is a frequency ratio, q is road surface unevenness, and zeta is a damping ratio.
6. The in-wheel motor random electromagnetic vibration characteristic calculation method according to claim 1, wherein the air gap flux density calculation formula is:
Br=kN2λlIsin(ωet+θ)
wherein k is a proportionality coefficient, N is the number of turns of the stator winding, I is a peak current, and omegaeIs the angular frequency of rotation of the rotor, BrIs the air gap flux density, theta is the rotor angle,
7. The method for calculating the random electromagnetic vibration characteristic of the in-wheel motor according to the claim 1, wherein the radial electromagnetic force of the in-wheel motor is calculated according to the air gap flux density by the following specific process:
and according to the air gap magnetic flux density, integrating the rotor angle to obtain the radial electromagnetic force of the hub motor.
8. The in-wheel motor random electromagnetic vibration characteristic calculation method according to claim 7, wherein the radial electromagnetic force calculation formula of the in-wheel motor is as follows:
wherein, Fr,βIs the radial electromagnetic force of the hub motor, theta is the rotor angle, mu0Is magnetic permeability.
9. The in-wheel motor random electromagnetic vibration characteristic calculation method according to claim 1, wherein the radial electromagnetic force acceleration transfer function is:
wherein, H (s, beta), a (s, beta), Fr(s, beta) are respectively a radial electromagnetic force acceleration transfer function, an acceleration response and a radial electromagnetic force under the influence of a random vibration factor beta, and s is a Laplace variable.
10. An in-wheel motor random electromagnetic vibration characteristic calculation system, comprising:
a random vibration factor acquisition module: according to the road surface unevenness, carrying out random dynamic analysis on the body and the wheels of the electric automobile to obtain random vibration factors influencing a hub motor;
an eccentricity calculation module: carrying out dynamic eccentricity analysis on the stator and the rotor of the hub motor, and calculating the eccentricity of the stator and the rotor of the hub motor according to random vibration factors;
air gap flux density calculation module: calculating the air gap flux density when the rotor of the hub motor is eccentric according to the eccentricity of the stator and the rotor of the hub motor;
radial electromagnetic force calculation module: calculating the radial electromagnetic force of the hub motor according to the air gap flux density;
a transfer function calculation module: and calculating the acceleration transfer function of the radial electromagnetic force reflecting the random electromagnetic vibration characteristic of the hub motor according to the radial electromagnetic force.
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