CN1136721C - Stream editing device and stream editing method - Google Patents

Stream editing device and stream editing method Download PDF

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CN1136721C
CN1136721C CNB001036904A CN00103690A CN1136721C CN 1136721 C CN1136721 C CN 1136721C CN B001036904 A CNB001036904 A CN B001036904A CN 00103690 A CN00103690 A CN 00103690A CN 1136721 C CN1136721 C CN 1136721C
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井上修二
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a flow editing system which is designed at an editing point arranged in each flow and is switched from one input flow to another input flow used during editing operation. The system comprises two decoders and at least one encoder. In the editing operation for merging two flows to generate one flow, the system only recodes the tail part of one flow and the front part of another flow which cross the editing point and uses the rest parts of the flows without change. Thus, the deterioration of signal quality caused by recoding the flows is lowered to minimum.

Description

流编辑设备和流编辑方法Stream editing device and stream editing method

本发明总体上涉及一种流编辑设备,该设备用于编辑由视频数据代码和音频数据代码组合而成的流;尤其本发明涉及一种流编辑设备,该设备用于实时地连接两个流,产生单个流,而且图像质量不会劣化。The present invention relates generally to a stream editing device for editing a stream composed of video data codes and audio data codes; in particular the present invention relates to a stream editing device for connecting two streams in real time , resulting in a single stream without image degradation.

MPEG格式是一种典型的视频和音频代码压缩编码技术,在该格式中,用离散余弦变换(DTC)和预测编码方法减少数据量,从而实现对移动图像的压缩编码。The MPEG format is a typical video and audio code compression coding technology. In this format, discrete cosine transform (DTC) and predictive coding methods are used to reduce the amount of data, thereby realizing compression coding of moving images.

图11示出了一种编码器,它用于进行这种编码操作。Figure 11 shows an encoder which is used to perform this encoding operation.

编码器包括减法器41、DCT电路42、量化器43、可变长度编码电路49、缓冲器50、逆量化器44、逆DCT电路45,加法器46、图像存储器47和运动矢量检测器48。The encoder includes a subtractor 41 , a DCT circuit 42 , a quantizer 43 , a variable length coding circuit 49 , a buffer 50 , an inverse quantizer 44 , an inverse DCT circuit 45 , an adder 46 , an image memory 47 and a motion vector detector 48 .

当进行帧间预测编码时,运动矢量检测器48将输入图像数据与存储在图像存储器47中的图像数据进行比较,计算运动矢量(MV),并将其输出给图像存储器47和可变长度编码电路49。When performing interframe predictive coding, the motion vector detector 48 compares the input image data with the image data stored in the image memory 47, calculates the motion vector (MV), and outputs it to the image memory 47 and variable length coding Circuit 49.

减法器41从图像存储器47中读出经对运动补偿的图像数据,并且将输入图像数据与从图像存储器47中读取的图像数据之间的差输出给DCT电路42。DCT电路42对减法器41输入的差值数据进行离散余弦变换,并且将其DCT系数输出给量化器43,将DCT的类型通知可变长度编码电路49。The subtractor 41 reads out the motion-compensated image data from the image memory 47 , and outputs the difference between the input image data and the image data read from the image memory 47 to the DCT circuit 42 . The DCT circuit 42 performs discrete cosine transform on the difference data input from the subtractor 41 , outputs its DCT coefficients to the quantizer 43 , and notifies the variable length coding circuit 49 of the type of DCT.

量化器43以缓冲器50的量化器矩阵(Quant)所规定的量化步长中对DCT系数进行量化,并且将量化结果和量化器矩阵(Quant)输出给可变长度编码电路49。还将量化结果输出给逆量化电路44。The quantizer 43 quantizes the DCT coefficients in a quantization step specified by the quantizer matrix (Quant) of the buffer 50 , and outputs the quantization result and the quantizer matrix (Quant) to the variable length encoding circuit 49 . The quantization result is also output to the inverse quantization circuit 44 .

可变长度编码电路49对运动矢量检测器48计算得到的运动矢量(MV)、DCT的类型、量化器矩阵(Quant)以及量化器43的输出进行编码。将这些经编码的数据暂时存储在缓冲器50中,然后以流的形式输出。The variable length encoding circuit 49 encodes the motion vector (MV) calculated by the motion vector detector 48 , the type of DCT, the quantizer matrix (Quant), and the output of the quantizer 43 . These encoded data are temporarily stored in the buffer 50, and then output in the form of a stream.

还用逆量化器44对量化器43的输出进行逆量化,然后在逆DCT电路45中对其进行逆DCT。加法器46将逆DCT电路45的输出与从图像存储器47中读出的图像数据相加,再现输入图像数据,然后再将该图像数据存储在图像存储器47中,用于对下一个输入图像数据进行减法操作。The output of the quantizer 43 is also inversely quantized by an inverse quantizer 44 and then inversely DCTed in an inverse DCT circuit 45 . The adder 46 adds the output of the inverse DCT circuit 45 to the image data read out from the image memory 47, reproduces the input image data, and then stores the image data in the image memory 47 for the next input image data Perform a subtraction operation.

当不使用帧间预测进行帧间编码时,只进行DCT,不从图像存储器47中读出图像数据。When inter-frame encoding is performed without using inter-frame prediction, only DCT is performed, and image data is not read out from the image memory 47 .

当使用帧间预测时,还可以用存储在图像存储器47中的前一幅图像进行正向帧间预测编码,以及用存储在图像存储器47中的未来图像进行反向帧间预测编码。When inter-frame prediction is used, it is also possible to perform forward inter-frame predictive coding using a previous picture stored in the picture memory 47 and perform backward inter-frame predictive coding using future pictures stored in the picture memory 47 .

在MPEG格式中,将每个输入帧编码成以下三个图像中的一个图像:只包含内部宏模块(intra-macroblock)的I图像;包含内部的且正向帧间预测编码的微模块的P图像;以及包含内部的、正向帧间预测编码的和反向帧间预测编码的宏模块的B图像。In the MPEG format, each input frame is encoded as one of the following three pictures: an I picture containing only intra-macroblocks; a P picture containing intra-macroblocks with forward inter-frame prediction coding. pictures; and B-pictures containing intra, forward inter-prediction coded and reverse inter-prediction coded macroblocks.

图10(a)-10(d)示出了一过程序列,该序列将音频数据与用上述方法编码的视频数据相加,以便按适合于存储媒体的格式产生数据流。10(a)-10(d) show a sequence of processes for adding audio data to video data encoded in the above-described method to generate a data stream in a format suitable for a storage medium.

按不同于输入和编码成I图像、P图像和B图像时的帧次序放置运动图像,以便产生视频基本流(ES)。例如以24毫秒的间隔压缩音频数据,以产生音频ES。将这些ES分成合适的单元,并且将与首标分组在一起。对于每个首标,增加PTS(表示时间标记),PTS表示再现分组数据的时间。Moving pictures are placed in a different frame order than when input and encoded into I pictures, P pictures, and B pictures to generate a video elementary stream (ES). Audio data is compressed, for example, at intervals of 24 milliseconds to generate audio ES. These ESs are divided into appropriate units and will be grouped together with the header. For each header, a PTS (representing a time stamp) is added, and the PTS represents the time at which the packet data is reproduced.

将如此形成的视频和音频分组与首标一起作为一个压缩(pack)进行多路复用,形成流。图9示出了典型的压缩流。将流记录在诸如DVD等存储媒体中。从存储媒体中读出流,并且在PTS规定的时刻对每个分组解码和再现,从而实现回放。The video and audio packets thus formed are multiplexed together with a header as one pack to form a stream. Figure 9 shows a typical compressed stream. Record the stream on a storage medium such as DVD. The stream is read out from the storage medium, and each packet is decoded and reproduced at the timing specified by the PTS, thereby realizing playback.

通常,通过从存储媒体中读出流并且重新安排它们,由记录在存储媒体中的多个流产生具有所需内容的流。例如,当需要将流A分成两部分并且将流B放在它们之间以产生流C时,对流A的第一部分解码,并且将再对其编码,形成流C的前部。然后对流A的第二部分解码,再对其编码,以产生流C的尾部。但是,这种流编辑存在一个缺点,即重复编码操作会降低编辑图像的质量。Generally, a stream having a desired content is generated from a plurality of streams recorded in a storage medium by reading out the streams from the storage medium and rearranging them. For example, when stream A needs to be split into two parts and stream B is placed between them to produce stream C, the first part of stream A is decoded and will be re-encoded to form the front of stream C. The second part of stream A is then decoded and re-encoded to produce the tail of stream C. However, such stream editing has a disadvantage in that repeated encoding operations degrade the quality of edited images.

还提议使用直接耦合各流的编辑技术,但它们受到必须在视频数据的I图像处耦合各流的限制。Editing techniques that directly couple the streams have also been proposed, but they are limited by having to couple the streams at the I-picture of the video data.

在MPEG格式中,按图像组(GOP)的单位对视频数据分组,其中GOP由一个I图像和多个P和B图像组成。每个GOP通常包括15幅图像(0.5秒)。如果在P图像或B图像的一个图像处分割流时,很难按图像单位再现帧图像,因此会导致图像继续畸变直至后一个I图像出现的问题。In the MPEG format, video data is grouped in units of a group of pictures (GOP), where a GOP is composed of one I picture and a plurality of P and B pictures. Each GOP typically includes 15 pictures (0.5 seconds). If a stream is divided at one picture of a P picture or a B picture, it is difficult to reproduce a frame picture in units of pictures, thus causing a problem that the picture continues to be distorted until the next I picture appears.

通常在脱机操作时进行上述编辑,因此很费时。The above edits are usually done while operating offline, so it is time-consuming.

因此,本发明的一个主要目的是避免现有技术的缺点。Therefore, one main object of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art.

本发明的另一个目的是提供一种流编辑系统,该系统可以实时连接两个流,产生单个流,但不使诸如图像质量等信号质量恶化。Another object of the present invention is to provide a stream editing system which can connect two streams in real time to produce a single stream without deteriorating signal quality such as image quality.

依照本发明的一个方面,提供了一种流编辑设备,该设备被设计成可以在每个流中设置的编辑点处,将编辑操作中使用的两个输入流中的一个切换到另一个。系统包括(a)第一解码器,用于对第一流解码;(b)第二解码器,用于对第二流解码;(c)编码器,用于对经第一和第二解码器解码的第一和第二流中的至少一个流重新编码;以及(d)控制器,用于控制对第一和第二流的编辑,以便产生第三流,第三流由二部分组成,一部分是第一流的前分段,它位于第一流中设置的编辑点之前,另一部分是第二流的尾分段,它位于第二流中设置的编辑点之后,控制器在产生第三流时,将第一和第二流中前分段和后分段的至少一个分段部分与第一和第二流中前分段和后分段的另一个分段部分合并,其中至少一个分段部分经过第一和第二解码器中的一个相应解码器解码、编码器重新编码并且被定义离开第一和第二流之一中设置的编辑点一段给定的长度,而另一个分段部分是指在第一和第二解码器解码和编码器重新编码之前的分段部分。According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a stream editing device designed to switch one of two input streams used in editing operations to the other at an editing point set in each stream. The system includes (a) a first decoder for decoding a first stream; (b) a second decoder for decoding a second stream; (c) an encoder for decoding at least one of the decoded first and second streams is re-encoded; and (d) a controller for controlling editing of the first and second streams to produce a third stream consisting of two parts, One part is the front segment of the first stream, which is located before the edit point set in the first stream, and the other part is the tail segment of the second stream, which is located after the edit point set in the second stream, and the controller generates the third stream , at least one segment portion of the preceding and following segments in the first and second streams is merged with another segment portion of the preceding and following segments in the first and second streams, wherein at least one segment Segment parts are decoded by a corresponding one of the first and second decoders, the encoder re-encodes and are defined to leave the edit point set in one of the first and second streams by a given length, while the other segment Part refers to the part of the segment before it is decoded by the first and second decoder and re-encoded by the encoder.

在本发明的较佳模式中,第一和第二流都由多个图像组(GOP)组成。控制器确定了这样一部分的长度,该部分被解码和重新编码,并且将在第三流中合并,范围是从编辑点开始到设置编辑点的一个GOP的前部。In a preferred mode of the invention, both the first and second streams consist of groups of pictures (GOPs). The controller determines the length of the portion, which is decoded and re-encoded, and which will be merged in the third stream, from the beginning of the edit point to the front of one GOP where the edit point is set.

还可以具有首标发生器,用于为第三流产生一系列首标。There may also be a header generator for generating a series of headers for the third stream.

编码器可以用第一和第二解码器对第一和第二流中的至少一个流解码所获得的编码信息对第一和第二流中的至少一个流重新编码。The encoder may re-encode at least one of the first and second streams using encoding information obtained by decoding at least one of the first and second streams by the first and second decoders.

编码信息包括图像类型、量化器矩阵(Quant)和离散余弦变换(DCT)类型。The encoding information includes image type, quantizer matrix (Quant) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) type.

当要求编码器在对第一和第二流中的至少一个流进行重新编码操作时改变以第一和第二流中一个流进行编码时所用的比特率时,编码器使用根据以下关系式改变的Quant:When an encoder is required to change the bit rate used when encoding with one of the first and second streams when performing a re-encoding operation on at least one of the first and second streams, the encoder uses a change according to the relationship Quant:

改变后Quant=改变前Quant×(改变后比特率/改变前比特率)Quant after change = Quant before change × (bit rate after change / bit rate before change)

通过两条分离的信号线,将经解码的视频和/音频数据以及编码信息从设置在独立单元中的第一和第二解码器传递给编码器。The decoded video and/audio data and encoding information are transferred from the first and second decoders arranged in separate units to the encoder via two separate signal lines.

该设备还可以包括去多路复用装置,用于将第一和第二流分成视频分组和音频分组;以及多路复用装置,用于对第一和第二流中一个流的视频分组以及另一个流中的音频分组进行多路复用。The device may also include demultiplexing means for dividing the first and second streams into video packets and audio packets; and multiplexing means for video packetizing one of the first and second streams and audio packets in another stream for multiplexing.

当要合并到第三流中的部分被定义在第一流的尾分段中时,编码器在对第二流编辑结束后对该部分进行编辑。When the part to be merged into the third stream is defined in the trailer section of the first stream, the encoder edits the part after finishing editing the second stream.

在产生第三流的过程中,控制器选择以下四个部分,其一是解码和重新编码前第一流中前分段的第一部分,其二是在第一部分之后、编辑点之前、由编码器输出的第流中前分段的第二部分,其三是编辑点之后、由编码器输出的第二流中尾分段的第一部分,其四是第二流第一部分之后、解码和重新编码之前第二流中尾分段的第二部分。控制器确定了第一流第二部分从编辑点到设置编辑点的一个GOP的前部的范围,以及第二流第一部分从编辑点到设置编辑点的一个GOP的结束处的范围。In the process of generating the third stream, the controller selects the following four parts, one is the first part of the previous segment in the first stream before decoding and re-encoding, and the other is the first part after the first part, before the edit point, by the encoder The second part of the first segment in the first stream output, the third after the edit point, the first part of the last segment in the second stream output by the encoder, and the fourth after the first part of the second stream but before decoding and re-encoding The second part of the tail segment in the second stream. The controller determines the range of the second part of the first stream from the edit point to the front of a GOP in which the edit point is set, and the range of the first part of the second stream from the edit point to the end of a GOP in which the edit point is set.

依照本发明的第二方面,提供了一种流编辑方法,该方法可以在每个输入流中设置的编辑点处,将编辑操作中使用的两个输入流中的一个切换到另一个。方法包括以下步骤:(a)用两个解码器对第一和第二流解码;(b)用于在解码步骤中解码的第一和第二流中的至少一个流重新编码;以及(c)控制对第一和第二流的编辑,以便产生第三流,第三流由二部分组成,一部分是第一流的前分段,它位于第一流中设置的编辑点之前,另一部分是第二流的尾分段,它位于第二流中设置的编辑点之后,控制步骤在产生第三流时,将第一和第二流中前分段和后分段的至少一个分段部分与第一和第二流中前分段和后分段的另一个分段部分合并,其中至少一个分段部分经过解码、重新编码并且被定义离开第一和第二流之一中设置的编辑点一段给定的长度,而另一个分段部分是指在解码和重新编码之前的分段部分。According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a stream editing method capable of switching one of two input streams used in an editing operation to the other at an edit point set in each input stream. The method comprises the steps of: (a) decoding the first and second streams with two decoders; (b) re-encoding for at least one of the first and second streams decoded in the decoding step; and (c ) controls the editing of the first and second streams so as to generate a third stream, the third stream consists of two parts, one part is the front segment of the first stream, which is located before the edit point set in the first stream, and the other part is the first segment The tail segment of the second stream, which is located after the edit point set in the second stream, the control step combines at least one segment portion of the preceding segment and the following segment in the first and second streams with the third stream when generating the third stream Another segment part merge of the preceding segment and the following segment in the first and second streams, where at least one segment part is decoded, re-encoded and defined away from an edit point set in one of the first and second streams A segment of a given length, and another segmented part refers to the segmented part before decoding and re-encoding.

在本发明的较佳模式中,第一和第二流都由多个图像组(GOP)组成。被解码和重新编码且将在第三流中合并部分的长度被定义为从编辑点开始到设置编辑点的一个GOP的前部。In a preferred mode of the invention, both the first and second streams consist of groups of pictures (GOPs). The length of the part to be decoded and re-encoded and to be merged in the third stream is defined as the beginning of one GOP from the edit point to the set edit point.

方法还可以包括为第三流产生一系列首标的步骤。The method may also comprise the step of generating a series of headers for the third stream.

编码步骤用解码步骤对第一和第二流中的至少一个流解码所获得的编码信息对第一和第二流中的至少一个流重新编码。The encoding step re-encodes at least one of the first and second streams using encoding information obtained by decoding at least one of the first and second streams in the decoding step.

编码信息包括图像类型、量化器矩阵(Quant)和离散余弦变换(DCT)类型。The encoding information includes image type, quantizer matrix (Quant) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) type.

当要求编码步骤改变在对第一和第二流中一个流进行编码时所用的比特率时,编码步骤使用根据以下关系式改变的Quant:When the encoding step is required to vary the bit rate used in encoding one of the first and second streams, the encoding step uses Quant varied according to the following relationship:

改变后Quant=改变前Quant×(改变后比特率/改变前比特率)Quant after change = Quant before change × (bit rate after change / bit rate before change)

方法还可以包括以下步骤:即将第一和第二流分成视频分组和音频分组;以及对第一和第二流中一个流的视频分组以及另一个流中的音频分组进行多路复用。The method may further comprise the steps of: separating the first and second streams into video packets and audio packets; and multiplexing video packets from one of the first and second streams and audio packets from the other stream.

当要合并到第三流中的部分被定义在第一流的尾分段中时,编码步骤在对第二流编辑结束后对该部分进行编辑。When the part to be merged into the third stream is defined in the trailer section of the first stream, the encoding step edits the part after editing of the second stream is completed.

在产生第三流的过程中,控制步骤选择以下四个部分,其一是解码和重新编码前第一流中前分段的第一部分,其二是在第一部分之后、编辑点之前、经解码和重新编码的第一流中前分段的第二部分,其三是编辑点之后、经解码和重新编码的第二流中尾分段的第一部分,其四是第二流第一部分之后、解码和重新编码之前第二流中尾分段的第二部分。确定了第一流第二部分从编辑点到设置编辑点的一个GOP的前部的范围。确定了第二流第一部分从编辑点到设置编辑点的一个GOP的结束处的范围。During the generation of the third stream, the control step selects the following four parts, one is the first part of the preceding segment in the first stream before decoding and re-encoding, the other is after the first part, before the edit point, the decoded and The second part of the pre-segment in the re-encoded first stream, the third is after the edit point, the first part of the tail segment in the second stream, decoded and re-encoded, the fourth is after the first part of the second stream, decoded and re-encoded The second part of the trailer segment in the second stream before encoding. The range of the second part of the first stream from the edit point to the front of one GOP where the edit point is set is determined. The range of the first part of the second stream from the edit point to the end of one GOP in which the edit point is set is determined.

参照本发明较佳实施例的附图并阅读以下详细描述,将更全面地理解本发明,但是,不应该认为所述附图和描述是将发明限制在具体实施例的范围内,它们只是为了便于说明和理解。With reference to the accompanying drawings of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and reading the following detailed description, the present invention will be more fully understood, however, the accompanying drawings and descriptions should not be considered as limiting the invention to the scope of the specific embodiments, they are only for the purpose of Ease of explanation and understanding.

附图有:Attached are:

图1是一方框图,示出了依照本发明第一实施例的编辑系统;FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an editing system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

图2是用编辑系统编辑的流0和流1,以及由经编辑的流0和流1组成的流3;Figure 2 is stream 0 and stream 1 edited with the editing system, and stream 3 composed of edited stream 0 and stream 1;

图3是一方框图,示出了依照本发明第二实施例的编辑系统;Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing an editing system according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

图4是一方框图,示出了图3编辑系统中多路复用器的电路结构;Fig. 4 is a block diagram, has shown the circuit structure of multiplexer in Fig. 3 editing system;

图5是一方框图,示出了依照本发明第三实施例的编辑系统;Fig. 5 is a block diagram showing an editing system according to a third embodiment of the present invention;

图6是一曲线图,示出了三种情况下的信噪比曲线,第一种情况是全部使用与前一次编码操作时相同的参数,第二种情况是只使用与前一次编码操作时相同的表示图像类型、量化器矩阵(Quant)和DCT类型的参数,而第三种情况是完全不使用相同的参数;Fig. 6 is a graph showing the signal-to-noise ratio curves in three cases, the first case using all the same parameters as in the previous encoding operation, and the second case using only the same parameters as in the previous encoding operation The same parameters representing the image type, quantizer matrix (Quant) and DCT type, while the third case does not use the same parameters at all;

图7是一方框图,了依照本发明第四实施例的编辑系统;FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an editing system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

图8是用图7中第四实施例的编辑系统编辑的流0和流1,以及由流0和流1组成的流3;Fig. 8 is stream 0 and stream 1 edited with the editing system of the fourth embodiment in Fig. 7, and stream 3 made up of stream 0 and stream 1;

图9示出了一压缩流;Figure 9 shows a compressed stream;

图10(a)-10(d)示出了一个过程序列,该序列将音频数据与视频数据相加,以便按适合于存储媒体的格式产生数据流;Figures 10(a)-10(d) show a sequence of processes for adding audio data to video data to produce a data stream in a format suitable for storage media;

图11是一方框图,示出了传统的编辑系统。Fig. 11 is a block diagram showing a conventional editing system.

现在参照附图,在几幅图中,相同的标号表示相同的部分。图1示出了依照本发明的编辑系统,该系统对从DVD-RAM11中读出的流进行编辑,并且将它们重新存储在DVD-RAM11中。Referring now to the drawings, like numerals indicate like parts throughout the several views. FIG. 1 shows an editing system according to the present invention which edits streams read out from a DVD-RAM 11 and re-stores them in the DVD-RAM 11. As shown in FIG.

编辑系统一般包括流控制器12,用于控制对DVD-RAM11读取和写入流;两个AV解码器20和21,用于对流解码,以产生视频信号和音频信号;视频编码器18,用于对视频信号重新编码,以产生视频基本流(ET);音频编码器19,用于对音频信号重新编码,以产生音频基本流;多路复用器17,用于对视频基本流和音频基本流多路复用,以产生压缩流;延迟电路15;AV编码器22,用于对音频信号和视频信号解码,以便对它们进行目视监测;开关24,用于将要输入的视频信号选择到视频编码器18;开关23,用于将要输入的音频信号选择到音频编码器19;开关16,用于从多路复用器17和延迟电路15输出的流中选择一个流;定时控制器13,用于控制开关16、23和24的操作;以及系统控制器14,用于控制整个系统操作。The editing system generally includes a stream controller 12 for controlling reading and writing streams to DVD-RAM 11; two AV decoders 20 and 21 for decoding streams to generate video signals and audio signals; video encoder 18, For video signal re-encoding, to produce video elementary stream (ET); Audio encoder 19, for audio signal re-encoding, to produce audio elementary stream; Multiplexer 17, for video elementary stream and Multiplexing of audio elementary streams to produce compressed streams; delay circuit 15; AV encoder 22 for decoding audio and video signals to visually monitor them; switch 24 for video signals to be input Select to video encoder 18; switch 23 for selecting the audio signal to be input to audio encoder 19; switch 16 for selecting a stream from the streams output by multiplexer 17 and delay circuit 15; timing control 13 for controlling the operation of the switches 16, 23 and 24; and a system controller 14 for controlling the overall system operation.

图2示出了由本实施例编辑系统处理的流。Fig. 2 shows streams processed by the editing system of this embodiment.

编辑系统将流0的分段A和分段B部分与流1的分段C和分段D组合,产生流3。在每个流0和流1中,在分段B和分段C之间设置一个编辑点。在以下讨论中,假设在开始编辑操作之前,由编辑人员或其它外部设备将编辑点的信息输入系统控制器14。将流0、1和3定间隔分割成较小的部分,每个较小的部分形成一个图像组(GOP)。每个GOP的前部包含I图像。在图示的情况下,每个流中的编辑点都被设定在一个GOP中,离开该GOP的前部一段给定的间隔。分段B被定义为,从编辑点到设定了该编辑点的GOP的前部。分段A由分段B前面的GOP组成。分段C被定义为,从编辑点到流1中设定了编辑点的GOP的结束处。分段D由分段C后面的GOP组成。The editing system combines the segments A and B portions of stream 0 with segments C and D of stream 1 to produce stream 3 . In each of stream 0 and stream 1, an edit point is set between segment B and segment C. In the following discussion, it is assumed that information on editing points is input to the system controller 14 by an editor or other external device before starting an editing operation. Streams 0, 1 and 3 are divided into smaller parts at regular intervals, each smaller part forming a group of pictures (GOP). The front of each GOP contains I pictures. In the illustrated case, edit points in each stream are set in a GOP a given interval from the front of the GOP. Segment B is defined from the edit point to the front of the GOP in which the edit point is set. Segment A consists of the GOP preceding Segment B. Segment C is defined from the edit point to the end of the GOP in which the edit point is set in stream 1 . Segment D is composed of GOPs that follow Segment C.

在执行编辑操作以产生流3时,照原样使用从DVD-RAM 11中读出的流0的分段A,而分段B是经过AV解码器20对其解码并通过视频编码器18和音频编码器19重新编码后再使用。从DVD-RAM11中读出的流1的分段C是经过AV解码器21对其解码并通过视频编码器18和音频编码器19重新编码后再使用的,而分段D照原样使用。具体地说,在产生流3过程中在四个分段A、B、C和D中,只有分段B和C是经重新编码后才使用的。这可以缓解流3之图像质量的劣化。When editing operation is performed to generate stream 3, segment A of stream 0 read from DVD-RAM 11 is used as it is, while segment B is decoded by AV decoder 20 and passed through video encoder 18 and audio Encoder 19 is used after re-encoding. Section C of stream 1 read from DVD-RAM 11 is used after being decoded by AV decoder 21 and re-encoded by video encoder 18 and audio encoder 19, while section D is used as it is. Specifically, among the four segments A, B, C and D in the process of generating stream 3, only segments B and C are used after being re-encoded. This can alleviate the degradation of the image quality of stream 3 .

流控制器12从DVD-RAM11中读出流0和流1,并根据流0中编辑点与流1中编辑点重合的时刻将其输出。AV解码器20对流控制器12输出的流0解码,而AV解码器21对流控制器12输出的流1解码。The stream controller 12 reads stream 0 and stream 1 from the DVD-RAM 11, and outputs it according to the timing at which the edit point in stream 0 coincides with the edit point in stream 1. The AV decoder 20 decodes the stream 0 output from the stream controller 12 , and the AV decoder 21 decodes the stream 1 output from the stream controller 12 .

定时控制器13对系统控制器依次输出的控制信号作出响应,操作开关16。The timing controller 13 operates the switch 16 in response to control signals sequentially output from the system controller.

首先,定时控制器13操作开关16,以便将延迟电路15输出的流0的分段A传递给流控制器12。具体地说,通过流控制器12从DVD-RAM11中读出的流0的分段A在延迟电路15中经历一段时间延迟,然后照原样返回DVD-RAM11。First, the timing controller 13 operates the switch 16 to pass the segment A of the stream 0 output from the delay circuit 15 to the stream controller 12 . Specifically, the segment A of the stream 0 read out from the DVD-RAM 11 by the stream controller 12 undergoes a delay in the delay circuit 15 for a period of time, and then returns to the DVD-RAM 11 as it is.

接着,定时控制器13操作开关16,在流控制器12和多路复用器17之间建立通信,还操作开关23和开关24,在音频编码器19和AV解码器20之间以及视频编码器18和AV解码器20之间建立通信。具体地说,流0之分段B中的视频数据和音频数据在经AV解码器20解码后分别由视频编码器18和音频编码器19对其重新编码。Next, timing controller 13 operates switch 16 to establish communication between stream controller 12 and multiplexer 17, and also operates switch 23 and switch 24 to establish communication between audio encoder 19 and AV decoder 20 and video encoding. Communication is established between the device 18 and the AV decoder 20. Specifically, the video data and audio data in segment B of stream 0 are re-encoded by the video encoder 18 and audio encoder 19 after being decoded by the AV decoder 20 .

如上所述,视频编码器18和音频编码器19分别产生视频基本流和音频基本流。在多路复用器17中对这些基本流进行多路复用,产生一压缩流,然后再将压缩流通过开关16传递给流控制器12,并且将其记录在DVD-RAM11中,跟在流0之分段A的后面。延迟电路15使分段A中的数据延迟一段时间,这段时间等于对分段B中数据进行解码、编码和多路复用所需的时间。As described above, the video encoder 18 and the audio encoder 19 generate video elementary streams and audio elementary streams, respectively. These elementary streams are multiplexed in the multiplexer 17 to generate a compressed stream, and then the compressed stream is delivered to the stream controller 12 through the switch 16, and it is recorded in the DVD-RAM 11, following Behind segment A of flow 0. Delay circuit 15 delays the data in section A for a time equal to the time required to decode, encode and multiplex the data in section B.

然后,定时控制器13通过开关23和开关24选择音频编码器19和AV解码器21之间以及视频解码器18和AV解码器21之间的通信,对AV解码器21输出的流1之分段C中的视频数据和音频数据重新编码。在多路复用器17中对视频编码器18和音频编码器19输出的视频基本流和音频基本流多路复用,产生一压缩流,然后再将压缩流通过开关16传递给流控制器12,并将其记录在DVD-RAM11中,跟在流0之分段B的后面。Then, the timing controller 13 selects the communication between the audio encoder 19 and the AV decoder 21 and between the video decoder 18 and the AV decoder 21 through the switch 23 and the switch 24, and divides the stream 1 output by the AV decoder 21 The video data and audio data in section C are re-encoded. In the multiplexer 17, the video elementary stream and the audio elementary stream output by the video encoder 18 and the audio encoder 19 are multiplexed to generate a compressed stream, and then the compressed stream is delivered to the stream controller through the switch 16 12, and record it in DVD-RAM 11, following segment B of stream 0.

最后,定时控制器13操作开关16,以便将延迟电路15输出的流1之分段D直接传递给流控制器12。具体地说,通过流控制器12从DVD-RAM11读出的流1之分段D在延迟电路15中经历一段时间延迟,然后再次记录到DVD-RAM11中,跟在流1之分段C的后面。延迟电路15使分段D中的数据延迟一段时间,这段时间等于对分段C中数据进行解码、编码和多路复用所需的时间。Finally, the timing controller 13 operates the switch 16 to pass the segment D of the stream 1 output by the delay circuit 15 directly to the stream controller 12 . Specifically, the segment D of the stream 1 read out from the DVD-RAM 11 by the stream controller 12 experiences a delay in the delay circuit 15 for a period of time, and then is recorded in the DVD-RAM 11 again, following the segment C of the stream 1. later. Delay circuit 15 delays the data in section D for a period of time equal to the time required to decode, encode and multiplex the data in section C.

使用两个解码器20和21可以实时地对流进行编辑。在产生流3过程中,只使用由编码器18和19重新编码的分段B和C可使两个流0和1彼此耦合,图像质量不会发生很大的恶化。The stream can be edited in real time using the two decoders 20 and 21 . During the generation of stream 3, only the segments B and C re-encoded by the encoders 18 and 19 can be used to couple the two streams 0 and 1 to each other without much degradation in image quality.

不可以将流0的分段A重新写入DVD-RAM11中。在该情况下,重新编码的分段B和C的序列被记录在DVD-RAM11的一个区域上,例如,跟在原始记录分段A的区域后面,而将分段D复制在DVD-RAM11的一个适当区域。Section A of stream 0 cannot be rewritten into DVD-RAM 11. In this case, the re-encoded sequence of segments B and C is recorded on an area of DVD-RAM 11, for example, following the area where segment A was originally recorded, while segment D is copied on an area of DVD-RAM 11 an appropriate area.

在上述讨论中,假设流0和1的编辑点都设置在一个GOP内,但是有可能其中一个编辑点正好设置在相邻两个GOP之间。例如,如图2所示,如果流0的编辑点设置在分段A最近一个GOP的结束处,那么在产生流3时,使用流1中跟在分段B后面的部分。具体地说,在产生流3的过程中,照原样使用重新编码前的流0,只有流1中从其编辑点到设置编辑点的某个GOP的结束处的部分才经重新编码再使用。In the above discussion, it is assumed that the edit points of streams 0 and 1 are both set in one GOP, but it is possible that one of the edit points is just set between two adjacent GOPs. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, if the edit point of stream 0 is set at the end of the latest GOP of segment A, then when generating stream 3, the part of stream 1 following segment B is used. Specifically, in generating stream 3, stream 0 before re-encoding is used as it is, and only the part of stream 1 from its edit point to the end of a certain GOP in which the edit point is set is re-encoded for reuse.

以下将描述第二实施例的编辑系统,该系统用于重新编辑首标信号,可以简单的解码器对组合流正确解码。An editing system of a second embodiment for re-editing a header signal that can correctly decode a combined stream with a simple decoder will be described below.

在第一实施例中,将流0和流1耦合在一起,产生流3,这会造成流1和流0之间分组首标所包含的PTS和帧数不连续。因此,当对流3解码时,解码器需要分析不连续的PTS和帧数,以便按正确次序再现图像,并使再现声音与图像同步。In the first embodiment, stream 0 and stream 1 are coupled together to generate stream 3, which will cause the PTS and frame number contained in the packet header between stream 1 and stream 0 to be discontinuous. Therefore, when decoding stream 3, the decoder needs to analyze the discontinuous PTS and frame numbers in order to reproduce images in the correct order and to synchronize the reproduced sound with the images.

如图3所示,本实施例的编辑系统包括去多路复用器25、多路复用器26以及开关27和28。去多路复用器25将流控制器12输出的流1分离成视频分组和音频分组。多路复用器26重新将首标与输出的视频分组和音频分组相连。延迟电路15连接在开关16和从流控制器12延伸到AV解码器20的信号线之间。其它结构与图1所示的第一实施例中的相同,因此这里省略其详细描述。As shown in FIG. 3 , the editing system of this embodiment includes a demultiplexer 25 , a multiplexer 26 , and switches 27 and 28 . The demultiplexer 25 separates the stream 1 output from the stream controller 12 into video packets and audio packets. Multiplexer 26 reconnects the headers with the outgoing video packets and audio packets. The delay circuit 15 is connected between the switch 16 and the signal line extending from the stream controller 12 to the AV decoder 20 . The other structures are the same as those in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, so a detailed description thereof is omitted here.

如图4所示,多路复用器26包括视频分组首标发生器32,用于产生视频分组首标;视频分组发生器31,它用视频分组首标发生器32产生的首标产生视频分组;音频分组首标发生器34,用于产生音频分组首标;音频分组发生器33,它用音频分组首标发生器34产生的首标产生音频分组;压缩首标发生器35,用于产生压缩首标;输出选择器36,用于确定将被多路复用到一个压缩中的分组的类型;以及开关37,它根据输出选择器36确定的分组类型,从视频分组发生器31、音频分组发生器33和压缩首标发生器35的输出中选择一个。As shown in Figure 4, multiplexer 26 comprises video packet header generator 32, is used to generate video packet header; Video packet generator 31, it produces video with the header that video packet header generator 32 produces Grouping; audio packet header generator 34, for generating audio packet header; audio packet generator 33, it generates audio packet with the header that audio packet header generator 34 produces; compression header generator 35, for Produce compression header; Output selector 36, be used for determining the type of grouping that will be multiplexed into a compression; One of the outputs of the audio packet generator 33 and the compression header generator 35 is selected.

与第一实施例的一样,通过延迟电路15和开关16将流0的分段A直接输入流控制器12。As in the first embodiment, segment A of flow 0 is directly input to flow controller 12 through delay circuit 15 and switch 16 .

接着,将流0的分段B和流1的分段C合并在分段A的后面。具体地说,定时控制器13操作开关27和28,在多路复用器26和视频编码器18之间以及多路复用器26和音频编码器19之间建立通信。由此,将视频编码器18产生的视频基本流和音频编码器19产生的音频基本流提供给多路复用器26。Next, segment B of stream 0 and segment C of stream 1 are merged after segment A. Specifically, timing controller 13 operates switches 27 and 28 to establish communications between multiplexer 26 and video encoder 18 and between multiplexer 26 and audio encoder 19 . Thus, the video elementary stream generated by the video encoder 18 and the audio elementary stream generated by the audio encoder 19 are supplied to the multiplexer 26 .

多路复用器26的视频分组首标发生器32为输入的视频基本流产生分组首标。视频分组发生器31将视频基本流分离成视频分组,并且将视频分组首标发生器32产生的分组首标与它们相加,从而将视频分组与首标一起输出给开关37。The video packet header generator 32 of the multiplexer 26 generates a packet header for the incoming video elementary stream. The video packet generator 31 separates the video elementary stream into video packets, and adds the packet header generated by the video packet header generator 32 to them, thereby outputting the video packet to the switch 37 together with the header.

同样,音频分组首标发生器34为输入的音频基本流产生分组首标。音频分组发生器33将音频基本流分离成音频分组,并且将音频分组首标发生器34产生的分组首标与它们相加,从而将音频分组与首标一起输出给开关37。Likewise, the audio packet header generator 34 generates a packet header for the input audio elementary stream. The audio packet generator 33 separates the audio elementary stream into audio packets, and adds the packet header generated by the audio packet header generator 34 to them, thereby outputting the audio packets together with the header to the switch 37 .

压缩首标发生器35产生压缩的首标。Compressed header generator 35 generates compressed headers.

输出选择器36监视从开关37到流控制器12的输出,同时模拟预先选定的理想解码器的缓冲操作,并且操作开关37,从视频分组发生器31、音频分组发生器33和压缩首标发生器35的输出中选择一个,使其跟在发送给流控制器12的输出后面,从而将诸如图9所示的压缩流发送给流控制器12。The output selector 36 monitors the output from the switch 37 to the stream controller 12 while simulating the buffering operation of a preselected ideal decoder, and operates the switch 37, from the video packet generator 31, the audio packet generator 33 and the compressed header One of the outputs of the generator 35 is selected to follow the output to the stream controller 12 so that a compressed stream such as that shown in FIG. 9 is sent to the stream controller 12 .

去多路复用器25将流1的分段D分离成视频分组和音频分组,并且分别通过开关27和28将它们输出给多路复用器26。Demultiplexer 25 separates segment D of stream 1 into video packets and audio packets, and outputs them to multiplexer 26 through switches 27 and 28, respectively.

视频分组首标发生器32为去多路复用器25输入的视频分组产生首标。视频分组发生器31用视频分组首标发生器32输出的首标中的一个代替每个输入视频分组的首标,以便输出首标被替换的视频分组。The video packet header generator 32 generates a header for the video packet input from the demultiplexer 25 . The video packet generator 31 replaces the header of each input video packet with one of the headers output from the video packet header generator 32 to output the header-substituted video packet.

同样,音频分组首标发生器34为去多路复用器25输入的音频分组产生首标。音频分组发生器33用音频分组首标发生器34输出的首标中的一个代替每个输入音频分组的首标,以便输出首标被替换的音频分组。Also, the audio packet header generator 34 generates a header for the audio packet input to the demultiplexer 25 . The audio packet generator 33 replaces the header of each input audio packet with one of the headers output from the audio packet header generator 34, so as to output the header-substituted audio packet.

与上述相同,输出选择器36确定将包含在一个压缩中的分组类型,并且操作开关37,产生一压缩流。As above, output selector 36 determines the type of packets to be included in a compression, and operates switch 37 to generate a compressed stream.

由上述讨论可见,本实施例的编辑系统将首标与分段D以及分段B和C中的分组重新相连。因此,增加从流0之分段A的首标连续到分段B、C和D的首标的帧数和PTS,可以形成一个完整的流。As can be seen from the above discussion, the editing system of the present embodiment reconnects the header with the packets in section D and sections B and C. Therefore, a complete stream can be formed by increasing the number of frames and the PTS continuing from the header of section A of stream 0 to the headers of sections B, C, and D.

以下描述第三实施例的编辑系统,该系统可以将重新编码操作对图像质量造成的恶化降至最低。The editing system of the third embodiment, which can minimize the deterioration of image quality caused by the re-encoding operation, will be described below.

图5示出了本实施例的编辑系统,该系统与图3中第二实施例的不同之处仅在于,系统控制器14从解码器20、21和22中取出解码时用的参数,以控制编码器18和19的操作。其它结构和操作均相同,因此这里省略其详细描述。Fig. 5 shows the editing system of the present embodiment, and the difference between this system and the second embodiment in Fig. 3 is only that the system controller 14 takes out the parameters used when decoding from the decoders 20, 21 and 22, to Controls the operation of encoders 18 and 19. Other structures and operations are the same, so detailed descriptions thereof are omitted here.

如图11中所讨论的,通常可以用诸如图像类型、量化器矩阵(Quant)、DCT类型、运动矢量(MV)和宏模块类型(MB)等参数对运动图像编码。编码器方将这些参数的信息发送给解码器方。解码器方用接收到的信息对输入数据解码。As discussed in FIG. 11 , motion pictures can generally be coded with parameters such as picture type, quantizer matrix (Quant), DCT type, motion vector (MV) and macroblock type (MB). The encoder side sends the information of these parameters to the decoder side. The decoder side uses the received information to decode the input data.

图像类型表示I图像、P图像和B图像中的一个,并且按每帧两个比特的形式表达。The picture type represents one of I picture, P picture, and B picture, and is expressed in two bits per frame.

量化器矩阵(Quant)由参数组成,每个参数规定了量化步长,并且按每个宏模块(MB)五个比特的形式表达。The quantizer matrix (Quant) consists of parameters, each parameter specifies the quantization step size, and is expressed in the form of five bits per macroblock (MB).

DCT的类型表示DCT是帧DCT,还是字段DCT,并且按每MB一个比特的形式表达。The type of DCT indicates whether the DCT is a frame DCT or a field DCT, and is expressed in the form of one bit per MB.

运动矢量(MV)按每MB六个或以上比特的形式表达。A motion vector (MV) is expressed in six or more bits per MB.

MB的类型表示MB的编码模式,并且按每MB一至八个比特的形式表达。The type of MB indicates the encoding mode of the MB, and is expressed in the form of one to eight bits per MB.

可以通过在解码器20和21的解码操作之间再次使用编码操作中使用过的参数,降低当用视频编码器18对经解码器20和21解码的视频数据重新编码时而产生的图像质量的劣化。这是因为,再次使用视频编码器18中的相同参数可以进行先前视频数据所经历的相同编码操作。It is possible to reduce the degradation of image quality that occurs when the video data decoded by the decoders 20 and 21 is re-encoded by the video encoder 18 by reusing the parameters used in the encoding operation between the decoding operations of the decoders 20 and 21 . This is because, again using the same parameters in the video encoder 18, the same encoding operation that the previous video data was subjected to can be performed.

具体地说,系统控制器14取回在解码器20、21和22中解码的上述参数的信息,并且将其发送给视频编码器18。视频编码器18根据接收到的信息,产生与输入视频数据先前经历的编码操作中使用的参数相同的参数,并且用它们对视频数据重新编码,从而缓解图像质量的劣化。Specifically, the system controller 14 retrieves the information of the above parameters decoded in the decoders 20 , 21 and 22 and sends it to the video encoder 18 . The video encoder 18 generates the same parameters as those used in the encoding operation that the input video data has previously undergone, based on the received information, and uses them to re-encode the video data, thereby mitigating the degradation of image quality.

视频编码器18可以只使用图像类型、量化器矩阵(Quant)和DCT类型的信息。The video encoder 18 may only use the picture type, quantizer matrix (Quant) and DCT type information.

图6是一曲线图,示出了三种情况下的信噪比曲线,第一种情况是全部使用与前一次编码操作时相同的参数,第二种情况是只使用与前一次编码操作时相同的表示图像类型、量化器矩阵(Quant)和DCT类型的参数,而第三种情况是完全不使用相同的参数。Fig. 6 is a graph showing the signal-to-noise ratio curves in three cases, the first case using all the same parameters as in the previous encoding operation, and the second case using only the same parameters as in the previous encoding operation The same parameters representing image type, quantizer matrix (Quant) and DCT type, while the third case does not use the same parameters at all.

这些曲线说明,只使用与前一次编码操作时相同的表示图像类型、量化器矩阵(Quant)和DCT类型的参数,可以基本上实现全部使用相同参数时的信噪比(SNR)。另外,在所用的数据量方面,这三个参数小于表示MV和MB类型的其余参数,因此可以有效地将信息从系统控制14发送给视频编码器18。These curves illustrate that using only the same parameters representing the image type, quantizer matrix (Quant) and DCT type as in the previous encoding operation, it is possible to substantially achieve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) when all using the same parameters. In addition, these three parameters are smaller than the remaining parameters indicating MV and MB types in terms of the amount of data used, so information can be efficiently sent from the system control 14 to the video encoder 18 .

通常,需要在重新编码操作时改变解码操作之前编码操作中的比特率(以下称为原始比特率)。例如,连接比特率不同的两个流需要对其中的一个流重新编码,使其比特率与另一个流的比特率一致。当遇到这种情况时,本实施例的编辑系统会根据以下关系,修改量化器矩阵(原始Quant)的每个值,以产生新的量化器矩阵(新的Quant):Generally, it is necessary to change the bit rate in the encoding operation before the decoding operation (hereinafter referred to as the original bit rate) at the time of the re-encoding operation. For example, joining two streams with different bit rates requires re-encoding one stream to match the bit rate of the other stream. When this happens, the editing system of this embodiment will modify each value of the quantizer matrix (original Quant) to generate a new quantizer matrix (new Quant) according to the following relationship:

原始比特率∶新比特率=原始Quant∶新QuantOriginal Bit Rate: New Bit Rate = Original Quant: New Quant

因此,新Quant=原始Quant×(新比特率/原始比特率)Therefore, new Quant = original Quant × (new bit rate / original bit rate)

视频编码器18用修改后的量化器矩阵(新Quant)对视频数据重新编码,从而使比特率得以改变,同时不牺牲对图像质量劣化的改进。通常,在解码操作之前的编码操作中,增加对图像数据之不明显部分的量化步长,以提高压缩比,同时减少对图像数据之明显部分的量化步长,以改善图像质量。根据上述等式修改量化器矩阵可使比特率得以改变,同时照原样保持上述对压缩比的提高以及对图像质量的改善。The video encoder 18 re-encodes the video data with a modified quantizer matrix (new Quant), allowing the bit rate to be changed without sacrificing the improvement in picture quality degradation. Generally, in an encoding operation prior to a decoding operation, the quantization step size of an inconspicuous portion of image data is increased to increase a compression ratio, while the quantization step size of a significant portion of image data is decreased to improve image quality. Modifying the quantizer matrix according to the above equation allows the bit rate to be changed while maintaining the above mentioned increase in compression ratio and improvement in image quality as it is.

具体地说,在增加的量化步长中编码的图像数据的不明显部分还包括许多不可见的噪声,而在减少的量化步长中编码的明显部分包含许多无噪声的信号成份。完全不需要对不明显部分中噪声进行重新编码,因此允许增加量化步长,以提高压缩比。相反,明显部分需要使噪声的增长最小,所以需要减少量化步长。因此,用上述等式改变量化器矩阵(Quant)使得可以在编码器18中重新编码,而不牺牲图像质量。Specifically, the inconspicuous portion of the image data encoded in the increased quantization step size also includes a lot of invisible noise, while the significant portion encoded in the reduced quantization step size contains many noise-free signal components. There is no need to re-encode noise in insignificant parts at all, thus allowing the quantization step size to be increased to improve the compression ratio. Conversely, the apparent part needs to minimize the growth of noise, so the quantization step size needs to be reduced. Therefore, changing the quantizer matrix (Quant) with the above equation enables re-encoding in the encoder 18 without sacrificing image quality.

用与前一次编码操作所用参数相同的参数避免图像质量劣化的方法还可以在具有两个独立单元的传统系统中使用,其中两个独立单元是具有监视器的MPEG流再现器和用于对再现图像重新编码的编辑器。这种类型的系统将再现器再现的视频信号和音频信号传递给编辑器。在再现器中,通过切换操作改变传递给编辑器的视频信号。The method of avoiding image quality degradation with the same parameters as those used in the previous encoding operation can also be used in conventional systems with two independent units being an MPEG stream reproducer with a monitor and for monitoring the reproduction Editor for image recoding. This type of system passes the video and audio signals reproduced by the reproducer to the editor. In the renderer, the video signal passed to the editor is changed by switching operations.

在使用上述方法时,将参数传输电缆连接在再现器和编辑器之间,用于传递表示图像类型、量化器矩阵(Quant)、DCT类型、运动矢量(MV)和宏模块(MB)类型的五个参数,或表示图像类型、量化器矩阵(Quant)和DCT类型之信息的三个参数。为了防止参数和视频帧之间的关系模糊不清,要在视频信号流动的消隐期内,将再现流中包含的ID和PTS通过连接在再现器和编辑器之间的数据传输电缆发送给编辑器,并且还要将ID和PTS与通过参数传输电缆发送的参数相加。When using the above method, a parameter transfer cable is connected between the reproducer and the editor for transferring five parameters, or three parameters representing information about the image type, quantizer matrix (Quant), and DCT type. In order to prevent the relationship between parameters and video frames from being ambiguous, the ID and PTS contained in the reproduced stream are sent to the editor, and also add the ID and PTS to the parameters sent over the parameter transfer cable.

图7示出了依照第四实施例的编辑系统,该系统能够重新记录音频数据。Fig. 7 shows an editing system capable of re-recording audio data according to a fourth embodiment.

该实施例的编辑系统包括去多路复用器25,用于将流1分成视频分组和音频分组;去多路复用器29,用于将流0分成视频分组和音频分组;以及开关27和28,用于从视频编码器18、去多路复用器25和去多路复用器29的输出中选择一个,从音频编码器19、去多路复用器25和去多路复用器29的输出中选择一个。其它结构与第二实施例中的相同,因此这里省略其详细描述。The editing system of this embodiment includes a demultiplexer 25 for dividing stream 1 into video packets and audio packets; a demultiplexer 29 for dividing stream 0 into video packets and audio packets; and a switch 27 and 28 for selecting one of the outputs from video encoder 18, demultiplexer 25 and demultiplexer 29, from audio encoder 19, demultiplexer 25 and demultiplexer Select one of the outputs from device 29. The other structures are the same as those in the second embodiment, so a detailed description thereof is omitted here.

用多路复用器26对开关27和28的输出进行压缩,并且以流的形式输出给流控制器12。具体地说,如图8所示,用类似第一实施例的方式形成流3的分段A、B和C并用以下方式形成流3的分段D,即通过开关27选择流1之分段D中的视频分组,通过开关28选择流0之分段D中的音频分组,从而产生由流1中的视频分组和流0中的音频分组组成的流。与第一实施例一样,不可以将流0的分段A重写到DVD-RAM11中。The outputs of switches 27 and 28 are compressed by multiplexer 26 and output to flow controller 12 in the form of a stream. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 8, segments A, B, and C of stream 3 are formed in a manner similar to that of the first embodiment and segment D of stream 3 is formed by selecting the segment of stream 1 by switch 27. Video packets in D, audio packets in segment D of stream 0 are selected by switch 28, resulting in a stream consisting of video packets in stream 1 and audio packets in stream 0. Like the first embodiment, it is not possible to rewrite the segment A of the stream 0 into the DVD-RAM 11.

以下将描述依照第五实施例的编辑操作,该操作是当编辑人员在观察监视器的同时对从DVD-RAM中读出的流进行编辑时所执行的。The editing operation according to the fifth embodiment will be described below, which is performed when an editor edits a stream read out from a DVD-RAM while watching a monitor.

当预先已知编辑点时,进行第一实施例的编辑操作。因此,可以根据分段的前部对流0的分段B重新编码。但是,当编辑人员在观察监视器的同时设置编辑点时,编辑点的数据不是预先输入编辑系统的。以下参照图1和图2描述该情况下的编辑操作。The editing operation of the first embodiment is performed when the editing point is known in advance. Therefore, segment B of stream 0 can be re-encoded according to the front of the segment. However, when an editor sets an edit point while observing a monitor, the data of the edit point is not input into the editing system in advance. Editing operations in this case are described below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 .

用于编辑流0之分段A的编辑操作与第一实施例中的相同。当编辑流0的分段B时,编辑系统不知道编辑点,致使编辑系统不能识别流0的分段B。因此,继续与处理分段A相同的编辑操作,从而将流0中关于分段A和B的序列记录在DVD-RAM11中。The editing operation for editing section A of stream 0 is the same as in the first embodiment. When segment B of stream 0 is edited, the editing system does not know the edit point, so that the editing system cannot recognize segment B of stream 0. Therefore, the same editing operation as in the processing of Section A is continued, thereby recording the sequence with respect to Sections A and B in Stream 0 in the DVD-RAM 11 .

当编辑人员确定编辑点时,定时控制器13操作开关23和24,将音频编码器19和视频编码器18与AV解码器21相连,并且操作开关16,将多路复用器16与流控制器12相连。因此,在视频编码器18和音频编码器19中,对经AV解码器21解码的流1中的分段C的数据重新编码,然后通过多路复用器17、开关16和流控制器12,将其发送和记录在DVD-RAM11中。用于编辑流1中分段D的编辑操作与第一实施例中的相同。When the editor determines the editing point, the timing controller 13 operates the switches 23 and 24 to connect the audio encoder 19 and the video encoder 18 to the AV decoder 21, and operates the switch 16 to connect the multiplexer 16 to the stream control Device 12 is connected. Therefore, in video encoder 18 and audio encoder 19, the data of segment C in stream 1 decoded by AV decoder 21 is re-encoded, and then passed through multiplexer 17, switch 16 and stream controller 12 , transmit and record it in DVD-RAM11. The editing operation for editing section D in stream 1 is the same as in the first embodiment.

在完成对流1之分段C的解码后,定时控制器13用与第一实施例相同的方法操作开关16,将延迟电路15输出的流1的分段D直接传递给流控制器12,从而将分段D记录在DVD-RAM11中,跟在分段C的后面。After completing the decoding of segment C of stream 1, timing controller 13 operates switch 16 with the same method as the first embodiment, and the segment D of stream 1 output by delay circuit 15 is directly delivered to stream controller 12, thereby Section D is recorded in DVD-RAM 11 following Section C.

一旦确定了编辑点,便可以如上所述确定流0之分段B的范围。因此,在用上述方法完成对流0和流1的编辑后,编辑系统再次读出流0之分段B中的数据,将其解码、编码和重写到DVD-RAM11的相应区域中。Once the edit point is determined, segment B of stream 0 can be ranged as described above. Therefore, after completing the editing of Stream 0 and Stream 1 by the above method, the editing system reads out the data in Section B of Stream 0 again, decodes, encodes and rewrites it to the corresponding area of DVD-RAM 11.

如上所述,当没有预先确定编辑点时,首先将流0和流1重写入DVD-RAM11中,不对流0的分段B重新编码,然后对流0的分段B重新编码,以便对流进行内插。通常,分段B的长度为0.5秒。因此,编辑人员感觉编辑操作是实时进行的。As described above, when the edit point is not predetermined, stream 0 and stream 1 are first rewritten in the DVD-RAM 11 without re-encoding of segment B of stream 0, and then segment B of stream 0 is re-encoded so that the stream interpolation. Typically, segment B is 0.5 seconds in length. Therefore, the editor feels that the editing operation is performed in real time.

如果不对流0的分段B重新编码,那么会使再现图像畸变。这是因为,如图10(a)和图10(b)中所述讨论的,编码图像的序列与原始图像的帧序列不同,因此当切断一个GOP时,将造成再现时所需的几个帧消失。对流0之分段B的重新编码避免了再现时图像的畸变。If segment B of stream 0 is not re-encoded, the reproduced image will be distorted. This is because, as discussed in Fig. 10(a) and Fig. 10(b), the sequence of encoded pictures is different from the frame sequence of original pictures, so when cutting a GOP, it will cause several Frames disappear. The re-encoding of segment B of stream 0 avoids image distortion during reproduction.

尽管为了便于理解,用较佳实施例揭示了本发明,但应该理解,不脱离本发明的原理可以用各种方法来实施本发明。因此,本发明应该理解为包括所有可能的实施例以及对所示实施例的修改,其实施不脱离由所附权利要求书限定的本发明原理。Although the present invention has been disclosed in terms of preferred embodiments for ease of understanding, it should be understood that the invention can be implemented in various ways without departing from the principles of the invention. Accordingly, the invention should be understood to include all possible embodiments as well as modifications to the illustrated embodiments, which can be practiced without departing from the principles of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (17)

1.一种流编辑设备,其特征在于,该设备被设计成可以在每个流中设置的编辑点处,将编辑操作中使用的两个输入流中的一个切换到另一个,所述设备包括:1. A stream editing device, characterized in that the device is designed to switch one of two input streams used in editing operations to the other at an edit point set in each stream, said device include: 第一解码器,用于对第一流解码;a first decoder, configured to decode the first stream; 第二解码器,用于对第二流解码;a second decoder for decoding the second stream; 编码器,用于对经所述第一和第二解码器解码的第一和第二流中的至少一个流重新编码;an encoder for re-encoding at least one of the first and second streams decoded by said first and second decoders; 控制器,用于控制对第一和第二流的编辑,以便产生第三流,所述第三流由第一流中位于编辑点之前的前分段和第二流中位于编辑点之后的尾分段组成,所述控制器在产生第三流时,将第一和第二流中所述前分段和所述尾分段的至少一个分段中的一部分与第一和第二流中所述前分段和所述尾分段的其它部分合并,其中所述至少一个分段中的所述部分经过所述第一和第二解码器中一个相应解码器解码并由所述编码器重新编码,所述部分被定义为离开第一和第二流之一中设置的编辑点具有一段给定的长度,所述其它部分是指在解码和重新编码之前的分段部分;a controller for controlling editing of the first and second streams so as to produce a third stream consisting of the pre-segment preceding the edit point in the first stream and the tail segment following the edit point in the second stream When generating the third stream, the controller combines a part of at least one of the preceding segment and the trailing segment in the first and second streams with the first and second streams Merging other parts of said front segment and said tail segment, wherein said part of said at least one segment is decoded by a corresponding one of said first and second decoders and by said encoder re-encoding, said portion being defined as having a given length away from an edit point set in one of the first and second streams, said other portion referring to the segmented portion before decoding and re-encoding; 首标发生器,用于为第三流产生一系列首标;a header generator for generating a series of headers for the third stream; 去多路复用装置,用于将第一和第二流分成视频分组和音频分组;以及demultiplexing means for dividing the first and second streams into video packets and audio packets; and 多路复用装置,用于对第一和第二流中一个流的视频分组以及另一个流中的音频分组进行多路复用。Multiplexing means for multiplexing video packets in one of the first and second streams and audio packets in the other stream. 2.如权利要求1所述的流编辑设备,其特征在于,第一和第二流都由多个图像组组成,并且所述控制器确定了被解码和重新编码并将合并到第三流中所述部分的长度,所述部分从编辑点开始到该编辑点所在的图像组的前部为止。2. The stream editing device of claim 1, wherein both the first and second streams are composed of a plurality of groups of pictures, and the controller determines the The length of the portion in that starts at the edit point and ends at the front of the group of images the edit point is in. 3.如权利要求1所述的流编辑设备,其特征在于,所述编码器用所述第一和第二解码器对第一和第二流中至少一个流解码所获得的编码信息对第一和第二流中的至少一个流重新编码。3. The stream editing device according to claim 1, wherein the encoder uses encoding information obtained by decoding at least one of the first and second streams by the first and second decoders to encode the first and at least one of the second streams is re-encoded. 4.如权利要求3所述的流编辑设备,其特征在于,编码信息包括图像类型、量化器矩阵和离散余弦变换类型。4. The stream editing device according to claim 3, wherein the encoding information includes a picture type, a quantizer matrix, and a discrete cosine transform type. 5.如权利要求4所述的流编辑设备,其特征在于,当要求所述编码器在对第一和第二流中的至少一个流进行重新编码操作时改变以第一和第二流中一个流进行编码时所用的比特率时,所述编码器使用根据以下关系式改变的量化器矩阵:5. The stream editing device according to claim 4, wherein when the encoder is required to re-encode at least one of the first and second streams, change the When encoding a stream at a bitrate, the encoder uses a quantizer matrix that varies according to the following relationship: 改变后量化器矩阵=改变前量化器矩阵×(改变后比特率/改变前比特率)。Quantizer matrix after change=Quantizer matrix before change×(Bit rate after change/Bit rate before change). 6.如权利要求3所述的流编辑设备,其特征在于,通过两条分离的信号线,将经解码的视频和/或音频数据以及编码信息从设置在独立单元中的所述第一和第二解码器传递给所述编码器。6. The stream editing device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the decoded video and/or audio data and encoding information are transferred from said first and The second decoder is passed to the encoder. 7.如权利要求1所述的流编辑设备,其特征在于,当将合并到第三流中的所述部分被定义在所述第一流的尾分段中时,所述编码器在对第二流编辑结束后对所述部分进行重新编码。7. The stream editing device according to claim 1, wherein when the part to be incorporated into the third stream is defined in the tail section of the first stream, the encoder The part is re-encoded after the second-rate editing is finished. 8.如权利要求1所述的流编辑设备,其特征在于,在产生第三流的过程中,所述控制器选择以下四个部分,其一是解码和重新编码前第一流中前分段的第一部分,其二是在第一部分之后、编辑点之前、由所述编码器输出的第一流中前分段的第二部分,其三是编辑点之后、由所述编码器输出的第二流中尾分段的第一部分,其四是第二流第一部分之后、解码和重新编码之前第二流中尾分段的第二部分。8. The stream editing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the process of generating the third stream, the controller selects the following four parts, one of which is the front segment in the first stream before decoding and re-encoding The second part is the second part of the front segment of the first stream output by the encoder after the first part and before the edit point, and the third is the second part of the first stream output by the encoder after the edit point The first part of the trailer segment in the stream, which is the second part of the trailer segment in the second stream after the first part of the second stream and before decoding and re-encoding. 9.如权利要求8所述的流编辑设备,其特征在于,第一和第二流都由多个图像组组成,并且所述控制器确定了第一流第二部分的范围和第二流的第一部分的范围,其中第一流的第二部分从编辑点开始到该编辑点所在的图像组的前部,第二流的第一部分从编辑点开始到该编辑点所在的图像组的结束处。9. The stream editing device according to claim 8, wherein both the first and the second streams are composed of a plurality of image groups, and the controller determines the range of the second part of the first stream and the range of the second stream of the second stream. The range of the first part, where the second part of the first stream starts from the edit point to the front of the group of pictures in which the edit point is located, and the first part of the second stream starts from the edit point to the end of the group of pictures in which the edit point is located. 10.一种流编辑方法,该方法可以在每个输入流中设置的编辑点处,将编辑操作中使用的两个输入流中的一个切换到另一个,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:10. A stream editing method, which can switch one of the two input streams used in the editing operation to the other at an edit point set in each input stream, characterized in that the method comprises the following step: 用两个解码器对第一和第二流解码;decoding the first and second streams with two decoders; 用于在所述解码步骤中解码的第一和第二流中的至少一个流重新编码;以及re-encoding for at least one of the first and second streams decoded in said decoding step; and 控制对第一和第二流的编辑,以便产生第三流,所述第三流由第一流中位于编辑点之前的前分段和第二流中位于编辑点之后的尾分段组成,所述控制步骤在产生第三流时,将第一和第二流中所述前分段和所述尾分段的至少一个分段中的一部分与第一和第二流中所述前分段和所述尾分段的其它部分合并,其中所述至少一个分段中的所述部分经过解码和重新编码,并且被定义为离开第一和第二流之一中设置的编辑点具有一段给定的长度,所述其它部分是指在解码和重新编码之前的分段部分;Editing of the first and second streams is controlled so as to produce a third stream consisting of a front segment located before the edit point in the first stream and a tail segment located after the edit point in the second stream, so that The control step combines a part of at least one of the preceding segment and the trailing segment in the first and second streams with the preceding segment in the first and second streams when generating the third stream merged with other parts of said trailing segment, wherein said part of said at least one segment is decoded and re-encoded, and is defined to have a segment away from an edit point set in one of the first and second streams for specified length, said other part refers to the fragmented part before decoding and re-encoding; 为第三流产生一系列首标;generate a sequence of headers for the third stream; 将第一和第二流分成视频分组和音频分组;以及dividing the first and second streams into video packets and audio packets; and 对第一和第二流中一个流的视频分组以及另一个流中的音频分组进行多路复用。Video packets of one of the first and second streams and audio packets of the other stream are multiplexed. 11.如权利要求10所述的流编辑方法,其特征在于,第一和第二流都由多个图像组组成,并且被解码和重新编码且将合并到第三流中的所述部分的长度被定义为从编辑点开始到该编辑点所在的图像组的前部。11. A stream editing method as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that both the first and the second stream consist of a plurality of groups of pictures and are decoded and re-encoded and will be merged into the third stream The length is defined from the start of the edit point to the front of the image group in which the edit point is located. 12.如权利要求10所述的流编辑方法,其特征在于,所述编码步骤用所述解码步骤对第一和第二流中的至少一个流解码所获得的编码信息对第一和第二流中的至少一个流重新编码。12. The stream editing method according to claim 10, wherein the encoding step uses the encoding information obtained by decoding at least one of the first and second streams in the decoding step to encode the first and second streams. At least one of the streams was re-encoded. 13.如权利要求12所述的流编辑方法,其特征在于,编码信息包括图像类型、量化器矩阵和离散余弦变换类型。13. The stream editing method according to claim 12, wherein the encoding information includes an image type, a quantizer matrix, and a discrete cosine transform type. 14.如权利要求13所述的流编辑方法,其特征在于,当要求所述编码步骤改变在对第一和第二流中一个流进行编码时所用的比特率时,所述编码步骤使用根据以下关系式改变的量化器矩阵:14. The stream editing method according to claim 13, wherein when said encoding step is required to change the bit rate used when encoding one of the first and second streams, said encoding step uses The quantizer matrix changed by the following relation: 改变后量化器矩阵=改变前量化器矩阵×(改变后比特率/改变前比特率)。Quantizer matrix after change=Quantizer matrix before change×(Bit rate after change/Bit rate before change). 15.如权利要求10所述的流编辑方法,其特征在于,当将合并到第三流中的所述部分被定义在所述第一流的尾分段中时,所述编码步骤在对第二流编辑结束后对所述部分进行重新编码。15. The stream editing method according to claim 10, wherein when the part to be merged into the third stream is defined in the trailing section of the first stream, the encoding step is performed on the second stream. The part is re-encoded after the second-rate editing is completed. 16.如权利要求10所述的流编辑方法,其特征在于,在产生第三流的过程中,所述控制步骤选择以下四个部分,其一是解码和重新编码前第一流中前分段的第一部分,其二是在第一部分之后、编辑点之前、经解码和重新编码的第一流中前分段的第二部分,其三是编辑点之后、经解码和重新编码的第二流中尾分段的第一部分,其四是第二流第一部分之后、解码和重新编码之前第二流中尾分段的第二部分。16. The stream editing method according to claim 10, characterized in that, in the process of generating the third stream, the control step selects the following four parts, one of which is the front segment in the first stream before decoding and re-encoding , the second is the second part of the pre-segment after the first part and before the edit point, decoded and re-encoded in the first stream, and the third is the tail segment after the edit point, in the decoded and re-encoded second stream The first part of the segment, which is the second part of the trailing segment in the second stream after the first part of the second stream and before decoding and re-encoding. 17.如权利要求16所述的流编辑方法,其特征在于,第一和第二流都由多个图像组组成,并且确定了第一流第二部分的范围和第二流第一部分的范围,其中第一流第二部分是从编辑点开始到该编辑点所在的图像组的前部,第二流第一部分是从编辑点到该编辑点所在的图像组的结束处。17. The stream editing method according to claim 16, wherein both the first and second streams are composed of a plurality of image groups, and the range of the second part of the first stream and the range of the first part of the second stream are determined, The second part of the first stream is from the edit point to the front of the image group where the edit point is located, and the first part of the second stream is from the edit point to the end of the image group where the edit point is located.
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