CN113671837B - Cold start NOx emission control method and system for combined cycle unit - Google Patents
Cold start NOx emission control method and system for combined cycle unit Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000010977 unit operation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 241001584775 Tunga penetrans Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 46
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B13/00—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
- G05B13/02—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
- G05B13/04—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
- G05B13/042—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators in which a parameter or coefficient is automatically adjusted to optimise the performance
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control method and a control system for cold start NOx emission of a combined cycle unit, relates to the technical field of NOx emission control, and comprises a control method and a control system. According to the invention, through the use of the control method, the NOx emission has no hour mean value exceeding standard in the cold starting process, the total NOx emission amount is reduced by more than 1/3 compared with the conventional operation, the optimal control time of unit operation can be effectively obtained through the use of a corresponding model, the temperature difference between the main steam temperature and the cylinder temperature is controlled to be about 20-30 ℃ through the use of a related formula algorithm, so that the stress of a rotor of the turbine is effectively controlled within 60, the load rising rate of the combined cycle is ensured to be more than 2%/min, the total NOx emission amount in the combined cycle starting process is effectively reduced, the rising rate of differential expansion of the turbine is effectively reduced by combining with the control system, the influence of differential expansion of the turbine on the rising load rate of the unit is eliminated, the unit passes through a high-emission area of the turbine at a faster rising load rate, and the total NOx emission amount is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of NOx emission control, in particular to a method and a system for controlling cold start NOx emission of a combined cycle unit.
Background
The pollutants discharged by the utility boiler mainly comprise NOx and SO2, the desulfurization technology is widely applied to power plants at present, good effects are achieved, and the emission control of NOx is still in a starting stage. Because most of parameters in the operation of the boiler can influence the NOx emission amount and complex coupling relations exist among all operation parameters of the boiler of the thermal power plant, great difficulty is brought to the prediction and control of the NOx emission amount of the boiler.
When the NOx emission control is carried out on the existing power station, the problem that the average value of the environmental emission hours exceeds the standard is extremely easy to occur on the NOx emission, the limited degree of the load rising rate cannot be reduced, and the environmental pollution is caused to a large extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, NOx emission is extremely easy to cause the exceeding of the average value of environmental emission hours, the limitation degree of load rising rate cannot be reduced, and the environmental pollution is caused to a large extent.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a combined cycle unit cold start NOx emission control method comprises the following steps:
The system judges that each auxiliary system operates normally, starts the unit jigger, and cold starts the unit after the system detects that the unit jigger operates for twenty-four hours;
establishing a load rise rate prediction model and a NOx emission prediction model of a high emission area of unit operation;
Calculating the minimum emission quantity of NOx under the condition of meeting the load rising rate of the high-emission area of the unit operation through the load rising rate prediction model and the NOx emission prediction model of the high-emission area of the unit operation, and solving the optimal control time of the unit operation;
Issuing the optimal control time of the unit operation to the unit and controlling the unit operation;
detecting working parameters of a unit running under the optimal control time in real time;
calculating an error between the load rising rate of the unit operation high-emission area at the current moment and the load rising rate predicted value of the unit operation high-emission area, and an error between the NOx emission amount and the NOx emission amount predicted value at the current moment;
and when the load rising rate predicted value and the NOx emission predicted value of the high emission area of the unit operation are larger than the corresponding formulated error threshold values in a plurality of continuous times, reestablishing a load rising rate predicted model and a NOx emission predicted model of the high emission area of the unit operation by using the current data.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
detecting that the load rate of the unit reaches 3.8%/min and above, starting to perform premixing switching load-increasing operation, and controlling to complete premixing mode switching within 8 minutes;
Selecting a 01 minute at a whole point of environmental protection standard time to perform premixing switching load lifting operation, ensuring that 09 minutes of premixing switching is completed, reserving a 05 minutes of sampling point in the whole point for full range exceeding, and ensuring that the arithmetic average value of twelve emission sampling points of the whole point is not exceeding;
the time from ignition to starting the premixed switching load-lifting operation is t, the time point of starting the premixed switching load-lifting operation is taken as the boundary time, and the ignition and grid-connected time can be obtained through the following formula:
t=t1+t2+t3+Δtb+t4, where: t1 is the time from ignition to meeting of the steam inlet condition during cold start; t2 is the time required for steam admission; t3 is the time from the completion of steam admission to the pre-mixing switching of the guide; t4, the temperature of the central hole of the rotor is increased for a required time; Δtb is the time required for the rotor center hole temperature to not reach the predetermined temperature before switching.
Preferably, the system control equipment performs an interlocking test before cold start, the system controls the purge valve and the anti-surge valve to perform an activity test, the natural gas system is leaked, boiler water is leaked, the system judges that each auxiliary system operates normally, and the unit jigger is started.
Preferably, in the cold state, the metal temperatures of the cylinder body and the rotor are lower, the ratio of the surface area to the heat capacity of the rotor is the largest after the steam is fed into the steam turbine, the rotor of the steam turbine needs to be heated and heated for a longer time than the wall of the cylinder of the steam turbine, the temperature rise of the surface of the rotor and the central hole is more easily and unevenly compared with the temperature rise of the upper cylinder wall and the lower cylinder wall, the temperature rise rate of the steam turbine is severely limited by the stress of the rotor, and the load rise rate of the steam turbine is limited.
The control system comprises a unit operation high-emission area load rise rate prediction model, a NOx emission prediction model, a unit operation high-emission area load rise rate detection module, a NOx emission amount detection module, a historical database, a real-time database, a central control module, a linkage detection module, a valve detection module, a natural gas system detection module, a boiler water supply detection module, a vibration detection module, a temperature detection module, a displacement detection module and a differential expansion detection module.
Preferably, the load rise rate prediction model of the unit operation high emission area predicts the load rise rate of the unit operation high emission area by reading data in the historical database, and sends the predicted data to the central control module;
The NOx emission prediction model predicts the NOx emission amount by reading data in the historical database and sends the predicted data to the central control module;
The load rise rate detection module of the unit operation high-emission area detects the load rise rate of the unit high-emission area and sends detected data to the central control module;
the NOx emission amount detection module is used for detecting the amount of NOx emitted by the unit in real time and sending detection data to the central control module.
Preferably, the central control module calculates an error between the load rising rate of the unit operation high emission area at the current moment and the load rising rate predicted value of the unit operation high emission area according to the received data, and an error between the NOx emission amount at the current moment and the NOx emission amount predicted value;
The real-time database is used for storing data of the load rising rate of the unit high-emission area detected by the unit high-emission area load rising rate detection module, the amount of the unit discharged NOx detected by the NOx discharge amount detection module, and errors between the unit high-emission area load rising rate at the current moment and the unit high-emission area load rising rate predicted value and errors between the NOx discharge amount at the current moment and the NOx discharge amount predicted value.
Preferably, the linkage detection module is used for detecting linkage equipment before starting a unit and sending detected data to the central control module;
The valve detection module is used for detecting a blowing valve and an anti-surge valve before the unit is started and sending detected data to the central control module;
The natural gas system detection module is used for detecting the tightness of natural gas before the unit is started and sending detected data to the central control module;
The boiler water feeding detection module is used for detecting leakage of boiler water feeding before the unit is started, and sending detected data to the central control module;
and the central control module processes the received data and controls whether the unit is started or not.
Preferably, the vibration detection module is used for detecting vibration in the running process of the unit and sending detected data to the central control module;
the temperature detection module is used for detecting the tile temperature in the running process of the unit and sending the detected data to the central control module;
the displacement detection module is used for detecting the axial displacement of the unit and sending the detected data to the central control module;
the differential expansion detection module is used for detecting differential expansion of the unit and sending detected data to the central control module;
and the central control module judges the running condition of the unit according to the received data.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. According to the invention, through the use of the control method, the NOx emission has no hour mean value exceeding standard in the cold starting process, the total amount of NOx emission is reduced by more than 1/3 compared with the conventional operation, the optimal control time of unit operation can be effectively obtained through the use of a corresponding model, and the temperature difference between the main steam temperature and the cylinder temperature is controlled to be about 20-30 ℃ through the use of a related formula algorithm, so that the stress of a rotor of a steam turbine is effectively controlled within 60, the load rising rate of the combined cycle is ensured to be more than 2%/min, and the total amount of NOx emission in the combined cycle starting process is effectively reduced.
2. The invention can effectively reduce the rising rate of the differential expansion of the steam turbine and eliminate the influence of the differential expansion of the steam turbine on the rising load rate of the unit by using the control system, so that the unit passes through a high-emission area of the gas turbine at a faster rising load rate, and the total emission amount of NOx is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for controlling cold start NOx emission of a combined cycle unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a combined cycle unit cold start NOx emission control system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
Referring to FIG. 1, a method for controlling cold start NOx emission of a combined cycle unit comprises the following steps:
the system control equipment performs an interlocking test before cold start, the system controls the purge valve and the anti-surge valve to perform an activity test, leaks a natural gas system, leaks water in a boiler, judges that all auxiliary systems operate normally, starts a unit jigger, and starts the unit after the system detects that the unit jigger operates for twenty-four hours;
establishing a load rise rate prediction model and a NOx emission prediction model of a high emission area of unit operation;
Calculating the minimum emission quantity of NOx under the condition of meeting the load rising rate of the high-emission area of the unit operation through the load rising rate prediction model and the NOx emission prediction model of the high-emission area of the unit operation, and solving the optimal control time of the unit operation;
Issuing the optimal control time of the unit operation to the unit and controlling the unit operation;
Detecting working parameters of a unit running under the optimal control time in real time, detecting that the load rate of the unit reaches 3.8%/min or more, starting to perform premixing switching load-increasing operation, and controlling to complete premixing mode switching within 8 minutes; selecting a 01 minute at a whole point of environmental protection standard time to perform premixing switching load lifting operation, ensuring that 09 minutes of premixing switching is completed, reserving a 05 minutes of sampling point in the whole point for full range exceeding, and ensuring that the arithmetic average value of twelve emission sampling points of the whole point is not exceeding; the time from ignition to starting the premixed switching load-lifting operation is t, the time point of starting the premixed switching load-lifting operation is taken as the boundary time, and the ignition and grid-connected time can be obtained through the following formula: t=t1+t2+t3+Δtb+t4, where: t1 is the time from ignition to meeting of the steam inlet condition during cold start; t2 is the time required for steam admission; t3 is the time from the completion of steam admission to the pre-mixing switching of the guide; t4, the temperature of the central hole of the rotor is increased for a required time; delta tb is the time required for the rotor central bore temperature to not reach the predetermined temperature before switching;
calculating an error between the load rising rate of the unit operation high-emission area at the current moment and the load rising rate predicted value of the unit operation high-emission area, and an error between the NOx emission amount and the NOx emission amount predicted value at the current moment;
and when the load rising rate predicted value and the NOx emission predicted value of the high emission area of the unit operation are larger than the corresponding formulated error threshold values in a plurality of continuous times, reestablishing a load rising rate predicted model and a NOx emission predicted model of the high emission area of the unit operation by using the current data.
Under the cold state condition, the metal temperatures of the cylinder body and the rotor are lower, the ratio of the surface area to the heat capacity of the rotor is maximum after the steam turbine enters the steam turbine, the rotor of the steam turbine needs longer heating temperature rise than the wall of the cylinder of the steam turbine, the temperature rise of the surface of the rotor and the central hole is more easily uneven than the temperature rise of the upper cylinder wall and the lower cylinder wall, the temperature rise rate of the steam turbine is severely limited by the stress of the rotor, the load rise rate of the steam turbine is limited, and the relation formula of the stress and the temperature change of the rotor is as follows:
△Ts/△t＝σmax/(ФF×ФM×Lc^2)
ФM＝(E/δ)×(α/1-ν)
the relationship formula of the temperature difference and the stress of the rotor surface and the center hole is as follows:
σsurf/bore＝(E/δ)×(α/1-ν)×Kt|Tsurf/bore-Tavg|
Tavg＝Tsurf-0.359(Tsurf-Tbore)
Wherein: Δts/Δt: rate of temperature rise; σsurf/bore: rotor surface, center hole stress; σmax: maximum allowable stress; kt: stress concentration coefficient; Φf: a rotor form factor; tsurf: rotor surface temperature; e: modulus of elasticity; tsurf/bore: rotor surface, center Kong Wencha; delta: a thermal diffusivity; tavg: rotor radial average temperature; alpha: coefficient of thermal expansion; tbore: rotor center hole temperature; v: poisson's coefficient.
Referring to fig. 2, a cold start NOx emission control system for a combined cycle unit includes a control system including a unit operation high emission region load rise rate prediction model, a NOx emission prediction model, a unit operation high emission region load rise rate detection module, a NOx emission amount detection module, a history database, a real-time database, a central control module, a linkage detection module, a valve detection module, a natural gas system detection module, a boiler water supply detection module, a vibration detection module, a temperature detection module, a displacement detection module, and a differential expansion detection module.
The load rise rate prediction model of the unit operation high emission area predicts the load rise rate of the unit operation high emission area by reading data in the historical database, and sends the predicted data to the central control module;
The NOx emission prediction model predicts the NOx emission amount by reading data in the historical database, and sends the predicted data to the central control module;
The load rise rate detection module of the unit operation high-emission area detects the load rise rate of the unit high-emission area and sends detected data to the central control module;
the NOx emission amount detection module is used for detecting the amount of NOx emitted by the unit in real time and sending detection data to the central control module.
The central control module calculates an error between the load rising rate of the unit operation high-emission area and the load rising rate predicted value of the unit operation high-emission area at the current moment and an error between the NOx emission amount and the NOx emission amount predicted value at the current moment according to the received data;
the real-time database is used for storing data of the load rise rate of the unit high-emission area detected by the unit high-emission area load rise rate detection module, the amount of NOx emitted by the unit and detected by the NOx emission amount detection module, and also used for storing errors between the unit high-emission area load rise rate at the current moment and the unit high-emission area load rise rate predicted value and errors between the NOx emission amount at the current moment and the NOx emission amount predicted value.
The linkage detection module is used for detecting linkage equipment before the unit is started and sending detected data to the central control module;
the valve detection module is used for detecting the purge valve and the anti-surge valve before the unit is started and sending detected data to the central control module;
the natural gas system detection module is used for detecting the tightness of natural gas before the unit is started and sending detected data to the central control module;
The boiler water feeding detection module is used for detecting leakage of boiler water feeding before the unit is started and sending detected data to the central control module;
the central control module processes the received data and controls whether the unit is started or not.
The vibration detection module is used for detecting vibration in the running process of the unit and sending detected data to the central control module;
The temperature detection module is used for detecting the tile temperature in the running process of the unit and sending the detected data to the central control module;
the displacement detection module is used for detecting the axial displacement of the unit and sending the detected data to the central control module;
The differential expansion detection module is used for detecting differential expansion of the unit and sending detected data to the central control module;
and the central control module judges the running condition of the unit according to the received data.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A cold start NOx emission control method of a combined cycle unit is characterized by comprising the following steps:
The system judges that each auxiliary system operates normally, starts the unit jigger, and cold starts the unit after the system detects that the unit jigger operates for twenty-four hours;
establishing a load rise rate prediction model and a NOx emission prediction model of a high emission area of unit operation;
Calculating the minimum emission quantity of NOx under the condition of meeting the load rising rate of the high-emission area of the unit operation through the load rising rate prediction model and the NOx emission prediction model of the high-emission area of the unit operation, and solving the optimal control time of the unit operation;
Issuing the optimal control time of the unit operation to the unit and controlling the unit operation;
detecting working parameters of a unit running under the optimal control time in real time;
calculating an error between the load rising rate of the unit operation high-emission area at the current moment and the load rising rate predicted value of the unit operation high-emission area, and an error between the NOx emission amount and the NOx emission amount predicted value at the current moment;
and when the load rising rate predicted value and the NOx emission predicted value of the high emission area of the unit operation are larger than the corresponding formulated error threshold values in a plurality of continuous times, reestablishing a load rising rate predicted model and a NOx emission predicted model of the high emission area of the unit operation by using the current data.
2. The combined cycle unit cold start NOx emission control method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
detecting that the load rate of the unit reaches 3.8%/min and above, starting to perform premixing switching load-increasing operation, and controlling to complete premixing mode switching within 8 minutes;
Selecting a 01 minute at a whole point of environmental protection standard time to perform premixing switching load lifting operation, ensuring that 09 minutes of premixing switching is completed, reserving a 05 minutes of sampling point in the whole point for full range exceeding, and ensuring that the arithmetic average value of twelve emission sampling points of the whole point is not exceeding;
the time from ignition to starting the premixed switching load-lifting operation is t, the time point of starting the premixed switching load-lifting operation is taken as the boundary time, and the ignition and grid-connected time can be obtained through the following formula:
t=t1+t2+t3+Δtb+t4, where: t1 is the time from ignition to meeting of the steam inlet condition during cold start; t2 is the time required for steam admission; t3 is the time from the completion of steam admission to the pre-mixing switching of the guide; t4, the temperature of the central hole of the rotor is increased for a required time; Δtb is the time required for the rotor center hole temperature to not reach the predetermined temperature before switching.
3. The cold start NOx emission control method of a combined cycle unit according to claim 1, wherein a system control device performs an interlocking test before cold start, a system controls a purge valve and an anti-surge valve to perform an activity test, a natural gas system is leaked, boiler water is leaked, the system judges that each auxiliary system operates normally, and a unit jigger is started.
4. The method for controlling cold start NOx emission of a combined cycle unit according to claim 1, wherein in a cold state, the metal temperature of a cylinder body and a rotor of a steam turbine is low, the ratio of the surface area to the heat capacity of the rotor is maximum after the steam turbine enters the steam turbine, the rotor of the steam turbine needs longer heating temperature rise than the cylinder wall of the steam turbine, the temperature rise of the surface and a central hole of the rotor is more easily uneven than the temperature rise of the upper cylinder wall and the lower cylinder wall, the temperature rise rate of the steam turbine is severely limited by the stress of the rotor, and the load rise rate of the steam turbine is limited.
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| CN110309585A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-10-08 | 华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司西安分公司 | A kind of implementation method of flexibility tuning controller |
| CN111306572A (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2020-06-19 | 辽宁汇德电气有限公司 | Intelligent combustion optimizing energy-saving control system for boiler |
| CN113202570A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-08-03 | 华能苏州热电有限责任公司 | Cold-state starting method and equipment for gas-steam combined cycle unit |
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