CN113671627B - Tapered and twisted double-clad plasma excitation optical fiber device and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Tapered and twisted double-clad plasma excitation optical fiber device and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/1226—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths involving surface plasmon interaction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/107—Subwavelength-diameter waveguides, e.g. nanowires
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/1228—Tapered waveguides, e.g. integrated spot-size transformers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/13—Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12166—Manufacturing methods
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Abstract
The invention provides a tapered torsional double-clad plasma excitation optical fiber device, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps that a section of double-clad optical fiber with an inner cladding embedded with a nano metal tube is inserted into a quartz tube, insulated and tapered to a preset diameter, and then uniformly twisted and drawn to obtain a section of plasma excitation optical fiber device with a spiral metal nanotube; in the process of adiabatic tapering, the fiber core is gradually thinned, and the light wave can not be bound any more, so that the single-mode light wave is gradually adiabatically converted from the inside of the fiber core to be transmitted in the inner cladding with the metal nano tube; the spiral metal nano-tube in the inner cladding layer is excited into plasma wave in a distributed mode in the transmission process of the light wave to form an optical fiber device with the mixed light wave and plasma wave. The invention integrates the plasma waveguide into the fiber core of the optical fiber, and effectively excites the plasma wave by adopting the spiral structure, thereby realizing the purpose of mixing and co-transmitting the light wave and the plasma wave and expanding and forming a novel optical fiber photoelectric device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tapered torsional double-clad plasma excitation optical fiber device, belonging to the technical field of optical fiber integrated devices.
Background
Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPPs) are an electromagnetic mixed excited state induced by light and metal Surface electron resonance. Because the field intensity of the SPP mode in the vertical light propagation direction can be exponentially attenuated, the optical field is usually limited in the sub-wavelength scale of the metal surface, so that the diffraction limit is broken through. This very attractive property opens a new door to integrated optics development. In recent years, as a branch of nano-optical device research, surface plasmon waveguides have become a research hotspot of people, and researchers have proposed plasmon waveguides such as metal films and gold nanowires, which can realize optical field transmission in a sub-wavelength scale.
Junichi Takahara et al, first theoretically studied SPP transmission of round gold nanowires, gold nanotubes, etc. in dielectrics and proposed that such waveguides break the diffraction limit to confine and transmit electromagnetic field energy in sub-wavelength scale range (Junichi Takahara, Suguru Yamagishi, Hiroaki Taki et al guiding of an one-dimensional optical probe with nanometer diameter, Opt. lett.,1997,22(7): 475-477). Since then, researchers have proposed various types of SPP waveguides in order to achieve transmission modes with small mode field widths and long transmission distances in stable polarization states. Such as metal channel SPP waveguides, ridge SPP waveguides, interstitial SPP waveguides, etc. Berini et al found that gold films embedded in a single dielectric medium, some special transmission modes, i.e., SPP-like modes with linear polarization long-range, can reach transmission lengths of 10mm or more when the gold film is ten nanometers thick (Berri, Pierre. plasma-polarization modes defined by a metal film of fine width. optics Letters,1999,24(15):1011 1013). Jesper Jung et al have proposed SPP waveguides based on square gold nanowires on this basis, and are expected to be used for future interconnection communication of integrated optical devices. Metallic nanotubes also have good utility because they are hollow and exhibit properties that are different from solid metals (Kohl, Jesse; Fireman, Michael; O' Lcorrol, Deirdre M. surface plasma and a photonic mode amplification in gold nanotubes with varying walls of physical Review B,2011,84(23): 235118.).
Common fiber types, such as many high index fibers, do not break the diffraction limit. But the optical fiber has a flexible structure and multiple excellent properties, so that the optical fiber sensing has unique advantages. SPPs are increasingly being studied and used, but have found little use in optical fibers. The advantages of strong energy constraint capability of an SPP mode electromagnetic field, capability of keeping a stable polarization state, sensitivity to medium refractive index change, simultaneous electrification and light transmission of a nano metal structure and the like are utilized, and if the special optical fiber which is formed by mixing and integrating SPP plasma waves and traditional optical fibers can be prepared, the special optical fiber can be interconnected with the common optical fibers while having excellent characteristics of the SPP and the common optical fibers, a novel photoelectric device is easily formed, and the novel photoelectric device is applied to multiple fields.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tapered and twisted double-clad plasma excitation optical fiber device and a preparation method thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a kind of draw the conical twisted double-clad plasma and stimulate the optic fibre device, its structure is shown as figure 1, it is by a section of inner cladding imbeds the double-clad optic fibre 1 of the metal tube of nanometer, insert quartz tube 2 after adiabatic drawing cone to the predetermined diameter, turn round the wire drawing evenly, get a section of plasma with helical metal nanotube and stimulate the optic fibre 3; in the process of adiabatic tapering, the fiber core is gradually thinned, and the light wave can not be bound any more, so that the single-mode light wave is gradually adiabatically converted from the inside of the fiber core to be transmitted in the inner cladding with the metal nano tube; the spiral metal nano-tube in the inner cladding layer is excited into plasma wave in a distributed mode in the transmission process of the light wave to form an optical fiber device with the mixed light wave and plasma wave. The 3D structure of the pigtail 3 of the device is shown in fig. 2, which comprises a cladding 3-1, a core 3-2 and a helical metal nanotube 3-3.
The double-clad optical fiber 1 is provided with a single-mode fiber core, an inner cladding and an outer cladding, wherein N metal nanotubes are embedded in the inner cladding, and N is a positive integer.
As shown in fig. 3, the preparation method of the double-clad optical fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, adopting a PCVD prefabricated rod preparation technology, depositing an inner cladding and a fiber core in a quartz tube 4 in sequence, and then performing high-temperature rod shrinkage to prepare a prefabricated rod 5 of a double-clad optical fiber;
(2) drilling N through holes on an inner cladding of a double-clad optical fiber preform by adopting an ultrasonic punching technology, wherein N is a positive integer;
(3) taking N quartz slim rods, cleaning and modifying the surfaces of the quartz slim rods by adopting a plasma cleaning technology, uniformly plating a layer of metal film on the surfaces of the quartz slim rods to form prefabricated plug-ins 6, and then respectively inserting the prefabricated plug-ins into through holes of an inner cladding;
(4) after the double-clad optical fiber preform and the quartz rod with the metal film plated in the hole are subjected to high-temperature shrinkage to form a preform 7, the preform is arranged on an optical fiber drawing tower to draw fiber, and the double-clad optical fiber 1 with the inner cladding embedded with the nano metal tube is prepared.
The fiber core and the inner cladding of the prepared double-clad optical fiber form a single-mode waveguide structure, can be matched with a 8-mode field of a standard single-mode optical fiber, and can be directly welded.
As shown in fig. 4, a method for manufacturing a tapered twisted double-clad plasma excitation fiber device includes:
Step 1: taking a double-clad optical fiber 1 with an inner cladding embedded with a nano metal tube, and welding one end of the double-clad optical fiber 1 with a single-mode optical fiber 8;
step 2: the other end of the double-clad optical fiber 1 is stripped of the coating layer and then inserted into the quartz tube 2, the rod is contracted at high temperature, and the gap between the double-clad optical fiber 1 and the quartz tube 2 is removed, so that the double-clad optical fiber and the quartz tube are integrated and no bubble exists between the double-clad optical fiber and the quartz tube;
and step 3: tapering the quartz tube after the rod is contracted at high temperature to form a heat insulation cone, keeping the diameter to perform rotary drawing after the diameter of the cone reaches a preset optical fiber diameter, and preparing a section of optical wave and plasma wave mixed optical fiber with a fiber core containing N spiral metal nanotubes;
and 4, step 4: and coating the optical wave and plasma wave mixed optical fiber, reserving the heat insulation cone and the input double-clad optical fiber, and packaging the heat insulation cone by using a steel pipe to obtain the optical fiber device with the mixed optical wave and plasma wave.
As shown in fig. 5, taking the input of a light beam propagating in the z-axis direction and polarized in the x-axis direction as an example, after the light beam is mixed with the surface plasmon wave and integrated into the fiber core of the optical fiber, the surface plasmon wave is excited in a distributed manner on the spirally distributed metal nanotubes, and the principle of excitation by coupling the light wave and the surface plasmon wave can be briefly described as follows:
As shown in fig. 6, the projection of the spiral metal nanowire on the xoz plane is a sinusoidal type, which intersects the wave vector of the light wave at a plurality of points, and the direction of the wave vector forms an angle θ with the tangential direction of the sinusoidal curve. When the wave vector of the light wave is transmitted along the z-axis direction, the wave vector along the tangent direction of the metal nanowire can be expressed as:
ε core ω is the dielectric constant of the core, ω is the angular frequency of the light wave, and c is the propagation velocity of the light wave in vacuum. The wave vector of the surface plasmon wave generated on the surface of the metal nanowire is as follows:
ε m is the dielectric constant of the metal nanowires.
The conditions under which the light wave couples with the surface plasmon wave are then:
therefore, only when the tangential direction of the metal nanowire and the transmission direction of the light beam meet a certain included angle relationship, the light wave and the surface plasma wave can be coupled, so that the excitation of the metal nanowire by polarized light is distributed in the hybrid integrated optical fiber.
Optionally, when N is 1, a metal nanotube is disposed inside a core of a pigtail of an optical fiber device in which an optical wave and a plasma wave are mixed, a standard single-mode fiber is fusion-spliced at one end of a double-clad fiber, and the optical wave is input into the standard single-mode fiber, the optical wave is converted into an inner cladding for transmission in a thermal insulation cone region, and the plasma wave is excited in a distributed manner on the helical metal nanotube, so that efficient coupling conversion between the optical wave and the plasma wave can be achieved.
Preferably, when N is 2, two helical metal nanotubes are provided inside the core of the pigtail of the optical fiber device in which the optical wave and the plasma wave are mixed, and by controlling the tapering parameters, the two metal nanotubes are made to approach and separate, and a novel hybrid waveguide device such as a plasma wave splitter/combiner and an M-Z type plasma wave interferometer can be constructed inside the optical fiber.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the spiral plasma waveguide is integrated into the fiber core of the optical fiber, and the efficient excitation of the plasma wave is facilitated. Meanwhile, the co-transmission of light waves and plasma waves is realized, and the hybrid waveguide fiber device can construct a novel photoelectric device.
(2) The device is integrally prepared, the input end of the device is the double-clad optical fiber, the optical fiber can be in low-loss fusion with a standard single-mode optical fiber, and the conversion between the light wave and the plasma wave can be efficiently and fully realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a tapered twisted double-clad plasmon excitation optical fiber device.
Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a tail fiber of a plasma-excited dual-wave optical fiber device with a spiral metal nanotube.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for making double-clad optical fiber with a nano-metal tube embedded in the inner cladding.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a tapered twisted double-clad plasma excitation fiber device.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of distributed excitation of a surface plasmon distributed excitation hybrid waveguide fiber, wherein the incident light is linearly polarized in the X-polarization.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the projection of the helical metal nanowire on the xoz plane intersecting with the light wave vector, and the distributed excitation is converted into the SPP wave.
Fig. 7(a) and (b) are respectively views of end face structures of a double-clad optical fiber before and after tapering.
Fig. 8 is a structural diagram of a novel hybrid waveguide device in which a plasma beam splitter/combiner, an M-Z type plasma wave interferometer, and the like are built inside an optical fiber.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples.
The double-clad optical fiber 1 shown in FIG. 7(a) is selected to have a cladding diameter D 1 125um, inner cladding 1-1 diameter D 2 50um core 1-2 diameter D 3 Core offset distance D of a pair of gold nanotubes 1-3 embedded in the inner cladding layer of 10um 4 15um, diameter of gold nanotube 1-3, gold film thickness 250 nm. The double-clad optical fiber 1 was inserted into a quartz tube having an inner diameter of 127um and an outer diameter of 635 um.
As shown in fig. 4, a double-clad optical fiber 1 with a nano metal tube embedded in the inner cladding is taken, one end of the double-clad optical fiber is welded with a single-mode optical fiber 8, the other end is stripped of the coating layer and then inserted into a quartz tube 2, the rod is contracted at a high temperature, and the gap between the double-clad optical fiber 1 and the quartz tube 2 is removed, so that the double-clad optical fiber and the quartz tube are integrated, and no bubble exists between the double-clad optical fiber and the quartz tube. The assembled quartz tube 2 is placed on a clamp 9 of a preparation system, a heater 10 is opened, the temperature is raised to 1600 ℃, the homodromous tapering technology is adopted, the speed difference between a rod feeding displacement table 11-1 and a fiber drawing displacement table 11-2 is adjusted, the quartz tube 2 is tapered until the diameter of the waist of the cone reaches 125um, the fiber drawing of the diameter is kept, meanwhile, a rotary displacement table is opened, the displacement table is ensured to rotate while the fiber is drawn, and therefore the special optical fiber pigtail with the co-transmission of the optical wave of the spiral gold nanotube and the plasma wave is prepared.
And coating the tail fiber by using a coating device 12, curing, and packaging the cone part by using a steel pipe 13 to obtain the integrated optical wave and plasma wave mixed common transmission optical fiber and the connecting device. The end face structure of the fiber pigtail is shown in FIG. 7(b), and the quartz tube is thinned from 635um in diameter to form a new fiber cladding d 1 125um, inner cladding composed of D 2 Thinning to form new core d of 50um 2 10 um. The gold nanotubes originally embedded in the inner cladding are also shrunk into the fiber core after tapering, the diameter of the gold nanotubes is changed into 1um, and the wall thickness is changed into 50 nm.
Further, by controlling the fiber rotation and the tapering speed during the pigtail drawing process, the interferometer structure shown in FIG. 8 can be prepared. Two spiral metal nanotubes 3-3 are arranged in a fiber core of the tail fiber, the two metal nanotubes are enabled to be close to and separated from each other by controlling tapering parameters, and novel mixed waveguide devices such as a plasma wave beam splitter/combiner, an M-Z type plasma wave interferometer and the like can be constructed in the optical fiber.
In the description and drawings, there have been disclosed typical embodiments of the invention. The invention is not limited to these exemplary embodiments. Specific terms are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention being set forth.
Claims (4)
1. A kind of tapering torsional double-clad plasma excitation optical fiber device, its characteristic is: the method comprises the steps that a section of double-clad optical fiber with an inner cladding embedded with a nano metal tube is inserted into a quartz tube, insulated and tapered to a preset diameter, and then uniformly twisted and drawn to obtain a section of plasma excitation optical fiber device with a spiral metal nanotube; in the process of adiabatic tapering, the fiber core is gradually thinned, and the light wave can not be bound any more, so that the single-mode light wave is gradually adiabatically converted from the inside of the fiber core to be transmitted in the inner cladding with the metal nano tube; the spiral metal nano-tube in the inner cladding layer is excited into plasma wave in a distributed mode in the transmission process of the light wave to form an optical fiber device with the mixed light wave and plasma wave.
2. The tapered twisted double-clad plasma-excited fiber device according to claim 1, wherein: the double-clad optical fiber is provided with a single-mode fiber core, an inner cladding and an outer cladding, wherein N metal nanotubes are embedded in the inner cladding, and N is a positive integer.
3. A tapered twisted double clad plasma excitation fiber device according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein: the preparation method of the double-clad optical fiber comprises the following steps: (1) firstly, preparing a prefabricated rod of double-clad optical fiber; (2) then punching N through holes on the inner cladding of the double-cladding optical fiber preform; (3) taking N quartz rods, uniformly plating a layer of metal film on the surfaces of the N quartz rods, and then respectively inserting the N quartz rods into the through holes of the inner cladding; (4) and (3) after the double-clad optical fiber preform and the quartz rod plated with the metal film are subjected to high-temperature shrinkage to form a preform, the preform is arranged on an optical fiber drawing tower to draw the fiber, and the double-clad optical fiber with the inner cladding embedded with the nano metal tube is prepared.
4. A method for preparing a tapered twisted double-clad plasma excitation optical fiber device comprises the following steps:
step 1: taking a double-clad optical fiber with an inner cladding embedded with a nano metal tube, and stripping a section of coating layer;
step 2: inserting the double-clad optical fiber with the coating layer removed into a quartz tube, shrinking the rod at high temperature, and removing a gap between the double-clad optical fiber and the quartz tube to integrate the double-clad optical fiber and the quartz tube without bubbles between the double-clad optical fiber and the quartz tube;
and step 3: tapering the quartz tube after the rod is contracted at high temperature to form a heat insulation cone, keeping the diameter to perform rotary drawing after the diameter of the cone reaches a preset optical fiber diameter, and preparing a section of optical wave and plasma wave mixed optical fiber with a fiber core containing N spiral metal nanotubes;
and 4, step 4: and coating the optical wave and plasma wave mixed optical fiber, reserving the heat insulation cone and the input double-clad optical fiber, and packaging the heat insulation cone by using a steel pipe to obtain the optical fiber device with the mixed optical wave and plasma wave.
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Application publication date: 20211119 Assignee: Jianuo (Tianjin) Technology Development Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUILIN University OF ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY Contract record no.: X2023980045809 Denomination of invention: A Double Cladding Plasma Excited Fiber Optic Device with Pull Cone Twist Transformation and Its Preparation Method Granted publication date: 20220729 License type: Common License Record date: 20231107 |