CN113671535B - Tri-frequency beacon receiver separation layer TEC calculation method based on channel simulator - Google Patents

Tri-frequency beacon receiver separation layer TEC calculation method based on channel simulator Download PDF

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CN113671535B
CN113671535B CN202110940610.XA CN202110940610A CN113671535B CN 113671535 B CN113671535 B CN 113671535B CN 202110940610 A CN202110940610 A CN 202110940610A CN 113671535 B CN113671535 B CN 113671535B
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CN113671535A (en
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於晓
郭敏军
陈亮
刘钝
刘少林
张发祥
王妍
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China Institute of Radio Wave Propagation CETC 22 Research Institute
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/03Cooperating elements; Interaction or communication between different cooperating elements or between cooperating elements and receivers
    • G01S19/07Cooperating elements; Interaction or communication between different cooperating elements or between cooperating elements and receivers providing data for correcting measured positioning data, e.g. DGPS [differential GPS] or ionosphere corrections
    • G01S19/072Ionosphere corrections
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/13Receivers
    • G01S19/35Constructional details or hardware or software details of the signal processing chain
    • G01S19/37Hardware or software details of the signal processing chain
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Abstract

The invention discloses a three-frequency beacon ionosphere TEC calculation method based on a channel simulator, which comprises the following steps: step 1, reading an output file of a three-frequency beacon receiver connected with a channel simulator to obtain in-phase components, phase values and the like of three-frequency point signals: step 2, correcting the signal phase: step 3, connecting the corrected phase sequences to obtain a continuous phase curve; step 4, converting the continuous phase after connection into a relative TEC sequence: and 5, storing the relative TEC sequence, satellite position, observed starting time and receiver position into a file, and using the file as input for verification of a satellite-ground link three-frequency beacon chain ionosphere CT algorithm. The calculation method disclosed by the invention is used for calculating the time sequence of the relative TEC (thermoelectric cooler) in the upper space of the receiver from the continuous sequence of the I, Q component of the coherent beacon signal output by the three-frequency beacon receiver, and lays a foundation for the design and application of a satellite-borne three-frequency beacon measurement system based on a low-orbit spacecraft.

Description

Tri-frequency beacon receiver separation layer TEC calculation method based on channel simulator
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ionosphere TEC calculation, and particularly relates to a three-frequency beacon ionosphere TEC calculation method based on a channel simulator, which is used for calculating a three-frequency beacon ionosphere TEC of a connecting channel simulator, wherein a calculation result can be used as input for verifying a satellite-ground link three-frequency beacon ionosphere CT algorithm.
Background
The definition of the ionosphere TEC is the integral value of electron density along the signal propagation path per unit section, and is an ionosphere characteristic parameter closely related to radio wave propagation characteristics.
Ionosphere TEC measurement techniques based on satellite beacons are mainly based on the effects of doppler shift, additional time delay or faraday rotation, etc., produced by satellite beacon signals as they propagate across the ionosphere channel. The differential Doppler technology is based on the dispersion effect of the ionized layer, and the influence of satellite motion is eliminated by the difference of Doppler frequency shift of a dual-frequency (or multi-frequency) coherent signal, and the additional frequency shift related to the ionized layer TEC is reserved, so that the ionized layer TEC can be obtained through conversion.
Early beacons, typically available for ionosphere TEC detection, were carried on the united states navy meridian satellite navigation system (Navy Navigation Satellite System, NNSS). The NNSS satellite-mounted double-frequency beacon transmitter transmits double-frequency coherent signals with carrier frequencies of 150MHz and 400MHz, a receiver arranged on the ground receives the satellite beacon signals, and the ionosphere TEC measurement can be realized by utilizing a differential Doppler frequency shift technology. Subsequently, the united states, russia, etc. have successively transmitted OSCAR, RADCAL, DMSP F15, COSMOS, etc. satellites, each of which has a coherent beacon transmitter mounted thereon. In the 20 th century, the united states transmitted a COSMIC satellite constellation, with 6 satellites carrying a coherent beacon transmitter, a occultation receiver, and a compact photometer. Wherein the coherent beacon transmitter is used as a scintillation measurement of ionosphere TEC and coherent frequency point signals along the star-to-ground link. With the success of the COSMIC satellite program, 6 COSMIC-II low-orbit equatorial satellites were again transmitted in the united states in 2019, and the main payload included a three-frequency beacon transmitter, a occultation receiver, and an ion drift rate meter.
The three-frequency beacon measurement system consists of a satellite-borne subsystem and a ground subsystem, wherein a three-frequency beacon transmitter of the satellite-borne subsystem transmits a group of phase coherent VHF, UHF and L frequency band signals to the ground, and the ionosphere is rapidly scanned in a large range along with the movement of a satellite. The three-frequency beacon receiver of the ground subsystem tracks and receives three-frequency coherent signals transmitted by satellites through an antenna, processes the three-frequency coherent signals to obtain the changes of the phase, the amplitude and the like of the three-frequency signals when the three-frequency signals pass through an ionosphere channel, and obtains the ionosphere TEC of a satellite-ground link through differential Doppler calculation.
Compared with the traditional foundation monitoring technology, the three-frequency beacon ionosphere TEC measurement has the main advantages that: global measurement is realized along the satellite motion, the global measurement can comprise the top ionosphere TEC information above the F2 layer, the ionosphere static assumption is established due to the fact that the low-orbit satellite motion is faster, the horizontal resolution is high, and the like. In recent years, research on satellite-borne three-frequency beacon measurement technology is accelerated in China, a first satellite-borne coherent beacon load is successfully carried on a seismic electromagnetic monitoring test satellite, a group of coherent carrier signals are emitted, and ionosphere TEC measurement can be achieved.
And a group of receiver station chains are distributed on the ground along the meridian direction, and simultaneously coherent beacon signals transmitted by the satellite-borne three-frequency beacon transmitters are received, so that ionosphere TEC crossing a large number of observation paths above a plurality of stations can be obtained through combined processing. Based on the ionosphere tomography (CIT) technology, the method realizes the large-scale ionosphere electron density reconstruction and can be used for earthquake ionosphere precursor early warning or space weather event monitoring.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a three-frequency beacon receiver ionosphere TEC calculation method based on a channel simulator, which starts from a continuous sequence of components of a multi-frequency point coherent signal I, Q output by the three-frequency beacon receiver, calculates a relative TEC time sequence above an observation station, and can be used as input for verifying a satellite-ground link three-frequency beacon ionosphere CT algorithm and also can be used for calculating the ionosphere TEC of the three-frequency beacon receiver connected with the channel simulator.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a method for calculating a ionosphere TEC of a tri-frequency beacon based on a channel simulator, the improvement comprising the steps of:
step 1, reading an output file of a three-frequency beacon receiver connected with a channel simulator to obtain an in-phase component I and a quadrature component Q of a three-frequency point signal, and calculating to obtain power P and a phase value phi of the signal:
P=10×lg(I 2 +Q 2 ) (1)
Φ=tan -1 (Q/I) (2)
step 2, correcting the signal phase:
removing phase drift from the measured phase of the receiver according to the phase noise background coefficient provided by the receiver manufacturer;
step 3, connecting the corrected phase sequences to obtain a continuous phase curve;
the phase value of the receiver obtained by the steps is always between minus pi and pi, when the measured phase value is lower than minus pi, the phase jumps to pi to start recording, and when the measured phase value is higher than pi, the phase value jumps to minus pi to start recording, and the plus or minus pi in the recording is overturned to carry out phase connection processing to form a continuous phase data curve, and the steps are as follows:
the initial value of each parameter is set as formula (3):
Φ c (t)=0,t=1,k=0(t∈I) (3)
wherein phi is c Representing the initial phase value, t representing the time series value, and k representing the whole cycle value, is processed as follows until all data are connected:
step 31, differentiating the corrected phase data:
Δ=Φ(t+1)-Φ(t)
wherein t+1 and t correspond to different times, and Φ is the phase value calculated in the step 2;
step 32, a threshold value D is taken from minus pi to pi, and the number of the pi turnover of the data during phase connection is judged, wherein the criterion is (4) formula:
Figure BDA0003214698420000031
where delta is the differential phase value obtained in step 31,
step 33, the original phases are connected according to the formula (5):
Φ' c (t)=Φ(t)+2π×k(t) (5)
Φ′ c after being connected withAfter the connection is completed, the phase sequence of (2) is processed according to the following formula (6) and formula (7):
Z=min(Φ' c (t)) (6)
Φ c (t)=Φ' c (t)+|Z| (7)
z is the minimum phase value after phase connection;
step 4, converting the continuous phase after connection into a relative TEC sequence:
the phase after connection is in direct proportion to the relative TEC of the ionized layer, and the relative TEC value can be obtained by multiplying the phase with a proportional constant;
and 5, storing the relative TEC sequence, satellite position, observed starting time and receiver position into a file, and using the file as input for verification of a satellite-ground link three-frequency beacon chain ionosphere CT algorithm.
Further, step 1 adds a large attenuation at the end of the signal attenuation file input to the channel simulator as a sign of the end of the simulation scene.
Furthermore, in the VHF, UHF and L three-frequency signals of step 1, only the phases of the VHF frequency and the L frequency can be used to calculate the ionosphere TEC.
Further, the threshold D of step 32 is taken to be 5 pi/3, corresponding to 300.
Further, the proportionality constant in step 4 is 0.020677.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the calculation method disclosed by the invention is used for calculating the time sequence of the relative TEC in the upper space of the receiver from the continuous sequence of the I, Q component of the coherent beacon signal output by the three-frequency beacon receiver, generating an input file for verifying the ionosphere CT algorithm of the satellite-ground link three-frequency beacon station chain, and laying a foundation for the design and application of a satellite-borne three-frequency beacon measurement system based on a low-orbit spacecraft.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the disclosed computing method;
fig. 2 is a signal power curve of three frequency points calculated in example 1;
fig. 3 is the phase values of the three-frequency point signals calculated in example 1;
fig. 4 is a graph showing the result of the phase correction of VHF frequency points in embodiment 1;
fig. 5 is a graph showing the result of the phase connection of VHF frequency points in embodiment 1;
FIG. 6 is a graph of relative TEC results from phase inversion of connected VHF frequency points in example 1;
fig. 7 is a signal power curve of three frequency points calculated in example 2;
fig. 8 is the phase values of the three-frequency point signals calculated in example 2;
fig. 9 is a graph showing the result of the phase correction of VHF frequency points in embodiment 2;
fig. 10 is a graph showing the result of the phase connection of VHF frequency points in embodiment 2;
FIG. 11 is a graph of relative TEC results from phase inversion of the connected VHF frequency points in example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention discloses a method for calculating a ionosphere TEC of a tri-frequency beacon based on a channel simulator, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, reading an output file of a three-frequency beacon receiver connected with a channel simulator to obtain an in-phase component I and a quadrature component Q of VHF, UHF and L frequency point signals, and calculating to obtain power P and a phase value phi of the three-frequency point signals:
P=10×lg(I 2 +Q 2 ) (1)
Φ=tan -1 (Q/I) (2)
since the receiver output file of the connection simulator has no time information, a large attenuation is added at the end of the signal attenuation file of the input channel simulator as a sign of the end of the simulation scene. The flag is found from the signal power curve and the latter data is discarded.
Step 2, correcting the signal phase:
due to thermal noise and the like, the receiver has slow phase drift in actual measurement. Calibrating phase measurement noise of the receiver in a laboratory, and storing a phase noise background coefficient into a file. The coefficients may also be provided by the receiver manufacturer. After reading, the phase is removed from the measured phase of the receiver.
Step 3, connecting the corrected phase sequences to obtain a continuous phase curve;
the phase value of the receiver obtained by the steps is always between-pi and pi, when the measured phase value is lower than-pi, the phase jumps to pi to start recording, and when the measured phase value is higher than pi, the phase jumps to-pi to start recording, and the phase is continuous, so that the + -pi in the recording must be overturned to carry out phase connection processing to form a continuous phase data curve.
Step 4, converting the continuous phase after connection into a relative TEC sequence:
because the phase after connection is in direct proportion to the relative TEC of the ionized layer, the phase is multiplied by a proportional constant to obtain the relative TEC value; the proportionality constant is related to the frequency of the two coherent signals of the differential doppler calculation.
And 5, storing the relative TEC sequence, satellite position, observed starting time, receiver position and the like into a file, and using the file as input for verification of a satellite-ground link three-frequency beacon chain ionosphere CT algorithm.
Embodiment 1, this embodiment discloses a method for calculating a ionosphere TEC of a tri-frequency beacon based on a channel simulator, comprising the following steps:
step 1, reading an output file of a three-frequency beacon receiver connected with a channel simulator to obtain an in-phase component I and a quadrature component Q of a three-frequency point signal, and calculating to obtain power P and a phase value phi of the signal:
the initial measurement time of the measurement scenario input to the channel simulator was 2015, 1 month, 7 days, 6 points, and the receiver was located in a smart home (26.92°n,102.93 °e). The output file of the receiver connected to the channel simulator records the I, Q component information when the coherent beacon signals (VHF, UHF and L frequency points) reach the ground via ionosphere propagation.
From the I, Q component of the coherent beacon signal, the signal power value is calculated by equation (1):
P=10×lg(I 2 +Q 2 ) (1)
the signal power curves of the three frequency points obtained through calculation are shown in fig. 2, and the VHF, UHF and L frequency points are arranged in sequence from top to bottom. It can be seen that the signal power of the three frequency points is relatively clean before 27000 points and approaches a straight line. Suddenly drops significantly after 27000 points, then fluctuates significantly, approaching noise. This is because the output file of the receiver to which the simulator is connected does not contain time information, and therefore a large attenuation is added at the end of the signal attenuation file input to the channel simulator as a marker of the end of the simulation scene. The sign of the beginning of the significant decay of the power value is found from the signal power curve and the latter data is discarded.
From the I, Q component of the coherent beacon signal, the phase of the signal is calculated from equation (2):
Φ=tan -1 (Q/I) (2)
the calculated phase values of the three-frequency-point signals are shown in fig. 3, and the calculated phase values are VHF, UHF and L frequency points in sequence from top to bottom. It can be seen that the phase values of VHF and L frequency points are always between-pi and pi, and when the measured phase value is below-pi, the phase jumps to pi to start recording, and when the measured phase value is above pi, the phase jumps to-pi to start recording. But the phase of the UHF frequency point is always near the zero value, and the fluctuation is small. This is because the three-frequency beacon receiver intermediate frequency processing unit performs differential processing on the VHF, UHF, and L frequency point data, and outputs I, Q information obtained by differentiating the corresponding frequency point from the UHF frequency point. Thus, only the phases of the VHF and L bins can be used as the calculation of the ionosphere TEC. The latter example selects the phase of the VHF frequency point for calculation.
Step 2, correcting the signal phase:
due to thermal noise and the like, the receiver has slow phase drift in actual measurement. Here, the calibration value of the phase noise background coefficient provided by the receiver manufacturer is read and removed from the measured phase of the receiver. Fig. 4 shows the result of the phase correction of the VHF frequency points.
Step 3, connecting the corrected phase sequences to obtain a continuous phase curve;
the phase of the receiver obtained in the step 2 has + -pi-turns, and the phase is continuous, so that + -pi-turns in the record are subjected to phase connection processing to form a continuous phase data curve. The initial value of each parameter is set as formula (3):
Φ c (t)=0,t=1,k=0(t∈I) (3)
wherein phi is c Representing the initial phase value, t representing the time series value, and k representing the whole cycle value, is processed as follows until all data are connected:
step 31, differentiating the corrected phase data:
Δ=Φ(t+1)-Φ(t)
wherein t+1 and t correspond to different times, and Φ is the phase value calculated in the step 2;
step 32, a proper threshold D is taken from-pi to judge the phase and connect the data, and the + -pi turnover number of the data during phase connection is judged, wherein the criterion is the formula (4):
Figure BDA0003214698420000071
where delta is the differential phase value obtained in step 31,
step 33, the original phases are connected according to the formula (5):
Φ' c (t)=Φ(t)+2π×k(t) (5)
Φ′ c for the phase sequence after connection, after connection is completed, the processing is performed according to the following formula (6) and formula (7):
Z=min(Φ' c (t)) (6)
Φ c (t)=Φ' c (t)+|Z| (7)
z is the minimum phase value after phase connection, where the threshold value D is taken as 5 pi/3, corresponding to 300. Fig. 5 shows the results of the phase connection of the VHF frequency points.
Step 4, converting the continuous phase after connection into a relative TEC sequence:
since the phase after connection is proportional to the ionosphere relative TEC, the relative TEC value can be obtained by multiplying it by a proportionality constant. The proportionality constant is taken as 0.020677 in relation to the frequencies of the UHF and VHF frequency point signals. Fig. 6 shows the relative TEC results from phase inversion of the VHF frequency points after connection.
And 5, storing the relative TEC sequence, satellite position, observed starting time, receiver position and the like into a file, and using the file as input for verification of a satellite-ground link three-frequency beacon chain ionosphere CT algorithm.
Embodiment 2, this embodiment discloses a method for calculating a ionosphere TEC of a tri-frequency beacon based on a channel simulator, comprising the following steps:
and step 1, reading an output file of a three-frequency beacon receiver connected with the channel simulator, and calculating signal power and phase values.
The initial measurement time of the measurement scenario input to the channel simulator was 2015, 1 month, 7 days, 6 points, and the receiver was located at Ma Bian (28.84°n,103.55 °e). The output file of the receiver connected to the channel simulator records the I, Q component information when the coherent beacon signals (VHF, UHF and L frequency points) reach the ground via ionosphere propagation. The signal power curves of the three frequency points calculated from the I, Q component of the coherent beacon signal and the above equation (1) are VHF, UHF, and L frequency points in order from top to bottom as shown in fig. 7. It can be seen that the signal power of the three frequency points is cleaner before 26800 points, and is close to a straight line. Suddenly drops significantly after 26800 points and then fluctuates significantly, approaching noise. The data after the start of the substantial attenuation of the power value is discarded.
The phase values of the three-frequency-point signal calculated from the I, Q component of the coherent beacon signal and the above equation (2) are VHF, UHF, and L frequency points in this order from top to bottom as shown in fig. 8. It can be seen that the phase values of the VHF and L frequency points are always between-pi and pi, while the phase of the UHF frequency point is always near zero and fluctuates very little. Thus, only the phases of the VHF and L bins can be used as the calculation of the ionosphere TEC. The latter example selects the phase of the VHF frequency point for calculation.
And 2, reading a calibration value of the phase noise background coefficient provided by a receiver manufacturer, correcting the measured phase of the receiver, and obtaining a corrected VHF frequency point phase result as shown in fig. 9.
And 3, connecting the corrected phase sequences, wherein the set phase inversion threshold value is 5 pi/3 (corresponding to 300 degrees). Fig. 10 shows the results of the phase connection of VHF frequency points.
Step 4, multiplying the phase after connection by a fixed constant 0.020677 to obtain a relative TEC sequence as shown in fig. 11.
And 5, storing the relative TEC sequence, satellite position, observed starting time, receiver position and the like into a file, and using the file as input for verification of a satellite-ground link three-frequency beacon chain ionosphere CT algorithm.

Claims (5)

1. The method for calculating the TEC of the ionosphere of the tri-frequency beacon receiver based on the channel simulator is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, reading an output file of a three-frequency beacon receiver connected with a channel simulator to obtain an in-phase component I and a quadrature component Q of a three-frequency point signal, and calculating to obtain power P and a phase value phi of the signal:
P=10×lg(I 2 +Q 2 ) (1)
Φ=tan -1 (Q/I) (2)
step 2, correcting the signal phase:
removing phase drift from the measured phase of the receiver according to the phase noise background coefficient provided by the receiver manufacturer;
and 3, when the measured phase value is lower than-pi, the phase jumps to pi to start recording, and when the measured phase value is higher than pi, the phase jumps to-pi to start recording, and the + -pi in the recording is overturned to perform phase connection processing to form a continuous phase data curve, wherein the steps are as follows:
the initial value of each parameter is set as formula (3):
Φ c (t)=0,t=1,k=0(t∈I) (3)
wherein phi is c Representing the initial phase value, t representing the time series value, and k representing the whole cycle value, is processed as follows until all data are connected:
step 31, differentiating the corrected phase data:
Δ=Φ(t+1)-Φ(t)
wherein t+1 and t correspond to different times, and Φ is the phase value calculated in the step 2;
step 32, a threshold value D is taken from minus pi to pi, and the number of the pi turnover of the data during phase connection is judged, wherein the criterion is (4) formula:
Figure FDA0003214698410000011
where delta is the differential phase value obtained in step 31,
step 33, the original phases are connected according to the formula (5):
Φ' c (t)=Φ(t)+2π×k(t) (5)
Φ′ c for the phase sequence after connection, after connection is completed, the processing is performed according to the following formula (6) and formula (7):
Z=min(Φ' c (t)) (6)
Φ c (t)=Φ' c (t)+|Z| (7)
z is the minimum phase value after phase connection;
step 4, converting the continuous phase after connection into a relative TEC sequence:
the phase after connection is in direct proportion to the relative TEC of the ionized layer, and the relative TEC value can be obtained by multiplying the phase with a proportional constant;
and 5, storing the relative TEC sequence, satellite position, observed starting time and receiver position into a file, and using the file as input for verification of a satellite-ground link three-frequency beacon chain ionosphere CT algorithm.
2. The method for calculating the ionosphere TEC of a three-frequency beacon receiver based on a channel simulator according to claim 1, wherein: and step 1, adding a large attenuation at the end of a signal attenuation file input into the channel simulator, and taking the large attenuation as a mark for ending a simulation scene.
3. The method for calculating the ionosphere TEC of a three-frequency beacon receiver based on a channel simulator according to claim 1, wherein: in the VHF, UHF and L three-frequency signals of step 1, only the phases of the VHF frequency point and the L frequency point can be used for calculating the ionosphere TEC.
4. The method for calculating the ionosphere TEC of a three-frequency beacon receiver based on a channel simulator according to claim 1, wherein: the threshold value D of step 32 is taken to be 5 pi/3, corresponding to 300.
5. The method for calculating the ionosphere TEC of a three-frequency beacon receiver based on a channel simulator according to claim 1, wherein: the proportionality constant of step 4 is taken as 0.020677.
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