CN113671494B - Radar scattering sectional area measurement method based on super-resolution imaging - Google Patents
Radar scattering sectional area measurement method based on super-resolution imaging Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
- G01S7/415—Identification of targets based on measurements of movement associated with the target
Abstract
The invention discloses a radar scattering sectional area measurement method based on super-resolution imaging, which relates to the field of radar measurement, and the method obtains high-resolution image information through super-resolution imaging, and obtains high-precision RCS measurement values through near inversion, and in an array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system, the method mainly comprises the following steps: (1) initializing parameters; (2) acquiring echo data; (3) three-dimensional super-resolution imaging; (4) extracting scattering centers; (5) inverting to obtain a target far-field RCS; (6) calculating the true value of the target RCS. According to the method, the traditional resolution of three-dimensional imaging is obtained by utilizing the virtual area array and the transmission bandwidth signal parameters, the sampling interval of a target scene is set according to requirements, super-resolution sampling is carried out on the imaging scene to obtain a high-resolution image, and more accurate RCS is obtained by near inversion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of synthetic aperture radars and microwave imaging, in particular to a radar scattering sectional area measuring method based on super-resolution imaging.
Background
In recent years, the accuracy requirements for radar cross-sectional area (Radar Cross Section, RCS) measurements have been increasing. The RCS measurement based on three-dimensional imaging is a flexible and efficient measurement technology which is emerging in recent years, the imaging technology is utilized to realize the separation of the target and the environment, the measurement precision of the RCS is greatly improved, the RCS measurement based on three-dimensional imaging can obtain the distribution of the scattering coefficient of the target in the three-dimensional space, and compared with the one-dimensional and two-dimensional imaging algorithm, the three-dimensional imaging algorithm is more beneficial to the respective extraction of the characteristics of each part of the target, and is more beneficial to the elimination of the interference of environmental noise and background noise. However, the imaging accuracy of the RCS measurement based on imaging directly affects the measurement accuracy of the RCS, and sidelobe interference is unavoidable in the conventional imaging, so that the inversion of the RCS contains a certain error. In order to overcome the defects of the traditional imaging algorithm and improve the imaging resolution, the invention provides a radar scattering sectional area measurement method based on super-resolution imaging.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the traditional imaging algorithm has low resolution and cannot accurately measure the RCS of a target, and provides a radar scattering sectional area measuring method based on super-resolution imaging, which improves the imaging resolution and obtains a high-precision RCS measuring result.
The technical scheme for realizing the aim of the invention is as follows:
a radar scattering sectional area measuring method based on super-resolution imaging comprises the following steps:
1) Initializing measurement system parameters:
1-1) the measured center frequency is denoted as f c The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The number of the frequency points of the transmitted signal is recorded as N; lambda is the wavelength corresponding to the measurement center frequency, and the formula lambda=c/f is adopted c Calculating, wherein c is the speed of light; the bandwidth of the transmitted signal is marked as B; the distance between the center of the antenna array and the center of the target is recorded as R;
1-2) setting the interval of antenna array elements as d, and determining the number of the virtual array X-direction array elements EX_num and the number of the Y-direction array elements EY_num to obtain a uniformly distributed virtual full array EX_num multiplied by EY_num;
1-3) according to the array element interval and the array element number, adopting a formula L x =d×ex_num to obtain an equivalent array length in X direction, using formula L y EY_num gives the equivalent array length in Y direction;
1-4) the horizontal azimuth resolution index of the target to be measured adopts a formulaRecorded as ρ x The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The resolution index of the vertical direction of the target to be measured adopts the formula +.>Recorded as ρ y The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The range resolution index of the target to be measured adopts a formulaRecorded as ρ z ；
1-5) discretizing a target scene, wherein the horizontal azimuth is marked as X; the vertical direction is marked as Y, the distance direction is marked as Z, and the number of discrete points corresponding to the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction is respectively N x 、N y and Nz Determining resolution multiple a which needs to be improved for super-resolution imaging according to requirements x ，a y ，a z From the conventional resolution ρ x ，ρ y ，ρ z To determine the discrete point spacing corresponding to each target scene coordinate axis
2) Acquiring echo data: the two-dimensional plane array is equivalently synthesized through the movement of array elements on a two-dimensional plane, and each array element obtains echo data by transmitting a step frequency signal;
3) Three-dimensional super-resolution imaging
3-1) defining a matrix M with the size of N multiplied by X_numEY_num, wherein the elements are random numbers uniformly distributed in the range of (0, 1), screening out the elements with the generated random numbers larger than 0.91, and setting the corresponding position as 1;
3-2) summing the matrix M elements to obtain a column vector of 1 XEX_numEY_num, which is marked as D, and represents the number of sparse frequencies selected by each array element, and summing the vector D again to obtain the number Num of sparse samples;
3-3) initializing the matrix Msense to zero matrix with size num×n x N y N z ；
3-4) traversing the matrix M, judging that if the element in the matrix M is 1, taking out the distance spectrum data of the corresponding position (i, j), storing the distance spectrum data into a vector Q, wherein the Q is Num multiplied by 1, and representing the X coordinate and the Y coordinate of the matrix element according to j;
3-5) traversing the target scene to obtain coordinates of a target point, R mn Representing the distance between the mth array element and the nth target point, storing the obtained echo data signals in a matrix Msense, expressed as
wherein Is a column vector, which represents the phase of all N frequency points of the mth array element to the nth target point;
3-6) reconstructing the signals by using an orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm (Orthogonal Matching Pursuit Algorithm, OMP) according to the obtained echo data signals, namely completing three-dimensional super-resolution imaging;
4) Extraction of scattering centers
Extracting target characteristics and outputting the target characteristics as theta G (p '), wherein p' represents the position of the scattering point;
5) Inversion target far field RCS
Reconstructing the scattered field by using the formula (1), and assuming that the array element position p is at infinity, i.e., |p|→infinity:
wherein ,representing a direction vector pointing from p 'to p, p' e ROI representing scattering points within a target range of interest in three-dimensional space; then, scattering of a single frequency is separated by fast fourier transformation by using the formula (2), and the separation formula of the single frequency is as follows:
6) Calculating a true RCS
The scattering coefficient of the standard scatterer is recorded asThe place where the position is placed is denoted as p' "where +.>Indicating the direction of p-p' ", the far field scatter field of the standard body is +.>The true RCS of the target is calculated by the following formula (3):
according to the radar scattering sectional area measurement method based on super-resolution imaging, the traditional resolution of three-dimensional imaging is obtained by utilizing the virtual area array and the transmission bandwidth signal parameters, the sampling interval of a target scene is set according to requirements, super-resolution sampling is carried out on the imaging scene to obtain a high-resolution image, and more accurate RCS is obtained by near inversion.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the position of a virtual array and an object to be measured;
FIG. 3 is a plot of radar cross-sectional area measurements for an aircraft based on different frequencies;
fig. 4 is a plot of radar cross-sectional area measurements for an example aircraft based on different angles.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be further illustrated with reference to the drawings and examples, but is not limited thereto.
Examples: the object to be measured in fig. 2 is set as an airplane model, and a radar cross-sectional area curve of the airplane model is calculated, and the specific method is as follows:
(1) Initializing measured system parameters
1) Measuring the center frequency, denoted f c ＝2×10^ 9 Hz; the number of the frequency points of the transmitted signal is recorded as n=100; lambda is the wavelength corresponding to the measurement center frequency, and the formula lambda=c/f is adopted c ＝3×10^ 8 /2×10^ 9 Calculation of =0.15m, where c=3×10≡ 8 m/s is the speed of light; transmit signal bandwidth b=1 GHz; the distance r=2m of the antenna array center from the target center;
2) Setting the antenna element interval as d= (2/3) lambda= (2/3) 0.15=0.1m, determining the number of virtual array X-direction elements ex_num=21 and the number of y-direction elements ey_num=21, and determining a uniformly distributed virtual full array of ex_num×ey_num;
3) According to the array element interval and the array element number, adopting a formula L x Equivalent array length in X direction is obtained by =d×ex_num=0.1×21=2.1 m, using formula L y E_num=0.1×21=2.1m to obtain an equivalent array length in the Y direction;
4) The horizontal azimuth resolution index of the target to be measured adopts a formulaThe resolution index of the vertical direction of the target to be measured adopts the formula +.>The range resolution index of the target to be measured adopts the formula +.>
5) Discretizing a target scene, and marking the horizontal azimuth as X; the vertical direction is marked as Y, the distance direction is marked as Z, the number of discrete points corresponding to the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction is respectively N x ＝23，N y ＝23，N z =23, determining the resolution factor a to be increased for super-resolution imaging according to the requirement x ＝1.4，a y ＝1.4，a z =3, by the conventional resolution ρ x ，ρ y ，ρ z To determine the discrete point spacing corresponding to each target scene coordinate axis
(2) Acquiring echo data
And (3) equivalently synthesizing a two-dimensional plane array by moving array elements on a two-dimensional plane, wherein each array element obtains echo data by transmitting a step frequency signal. ( The measurement method refers to: liao K.F., zhang X.L., shi J.plane-Wave Synthesis and RCS Extraction via 3-D Linear Array SAR. Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, IEEE,2015, 14:994-997. )
(3) Three-dimensional super-resolution imaging
1) Randomly generating a matrix M with the size of N multiplied by X_numEY_num, wherein the elements are random numbers uniformly distributed in the range of (0, 1), screening out the elements with the generated random numbers larger than 0.91, and setting the corresponding position as 1;
2) Summing the matrix M elements to obtain a column vector of 1×EX_numEY_num, which is marked as D, and representing the number of sparse frequencies selected by each array element, and summing the vector D to obtain the number Num of sparse samples;
3) Initializing a matrix Msense as a zero matrix with the size of Num multiplied by N x N y N z 。
4) Traversing the matrix M, judging that if the element in the matrix M is 1, taking out the distance spectrum data of the corresponding position (i, j), storing the distance spectrum data into a vector Q, wherein the Q is Num multiplied by 1, and representing the X coordinate and the Y coordinate of the matrix element according to the j.
5) Traversing the target scene to obtain the coordinates of a target point, R mn Representing the distance between the mth array element and the nth target point, storing the obtained echo data signals in a matrix Msense, expressed as
wherein Is a column vector representing the phase of all N frequency points of the mth element for the nth target point.
6) And reconstructing the signals by using an orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm (Orthogonal Matching Pursuit Algorithm, OMP) according to the obtained echo data signals, namely completing three-dimensional super-resolution imaging.
(4) Extraction of scattering centers
The target feature is extracted and then output as theta G (p '), wherein p' represents the position of the scattering point;
(5) Inversion target far field RCS
Reconstructing the scattered field by using the formula (1), and assuming that the array element position p is at infinity, i.e., |p|→infinity:
wherein ,representing a direction vector pointing from p 'to p, p' e ROI represents scattering points within the object of interest in three-dimensional space.
The single frequency scatter is then separated by a fast fourier transform using equation (2).
(6) Calculating a true RCS
The scattering coefficient of the standard scatterer is recorded asThe place is denoted as p' "where +_>Indicating the direction of p-p' ", the far field scatter field of the standard body is +.>
Calculating the true RCS of the target by the following formula (3)
Experimental results:
when the observation angle is zero degree, as shown in fig. 3, the RCS measurement results based on different frequencies are obtained by inverting the imaging result, and when the observation angle is from-45 ° to 45 °, the RCS measurement results based on different angles are obtained at the intermediate frequency in fig. 4, it can be seen that the imaging accuracy can be improved by the invention, and thus, the high-accuracy RCS measurement results can be obtained.
Claims (2)
1. The radar scattering sectional area measuring method based on super-resolution imaging is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Initializing measurement system parameters;
2) Acquiring echo data: the two-dimensional plane array is equivalently synthesized through the movement of array elements on a two-dimensional plane, and each array element obtains echo data by transmitting a step frequency signal;
3) The three-dimensional super-resolution imaging method specifically comprises the following steps:
3-1) defining a matrix M with the size of N multiplied by X_numEY_num, wherein the elements are random numbers uniformly distributed in the range of (0, 1), screening out the elements with the generated random numbers larger than 0.91, and setting the corresponding position as 1;
3-2) summing the matrix M elements to obtain a column vector of 1 XEX_numEY_num, which is marked as D, and represents the number of sparse frequencies selected by each array element, and summing the vector D again to obtain the number Num of sparse samples;
3-3) initializing the matrix Msense to zero matrix with size num×n x N y N z ；
3-4) traversing the matrix M, judging that if the element in the matrix M is 1, taking out the distance spectrum data of the corresponding position (i, j), storing the distance spectrum data into a vector Q, wherein the Q is Num multiplied by 1, and representing the X coordinate and the Y coordinate of the matrix element according to j;
3-5) traversing the target scene to obtain coordinates of a target point, R mn Representing the distance between the mth array element and the nth target point, storing the obtained echo data signals in a matrix Msense, expressed as
wherein
Is a column vector, which represents the phase of all N frequency points of the mth array element to the nth target point;
3-6) reconstructing the signal by utilizing an orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm according to the obtained echo data signal, namely completing three-dimensional super-resolution imaging;
4) Extracting scattering centers: specific to the targetThe sign extraction and output is Θ G (p '), wherein p' represents the position of the scattering point;
5) Inverting the radar scattering cross section of the far field of the target, reconstructing a scattering field by using a formula (1), and assuming that the array element position p is at infinity, namely |p|→infinity:
wherein ,representing a direction vector pointing from p 'to p, p' e ROI representing scattering points in a target range of interest in a three-dimensional space, k being a carrier wave number, t being time; then, scattering of a single frequency is separated by fast fourier transformation by using the formula (2), and the separation formula of the single frequency is as follows:
wherein ω represents an angular frequency;
6) Calculating the actual radar cross-sectional area: the scattering coefficient of the standard scatterer is recorded asThe place where the position is placed is denoted as p' "where +.>Indicating the direction of p-p' ", the far field scatter field of the standard body is +.>The actual radar cross-sectional area of the target is calculated by the following formula (3):
2. the method for measuring radar cross-sectional area based on super-resolution imaging according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), the initializing measurement system parameters specifically include the following steps:
1-1) the measured center frequency is denoted as f c The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The number of the frequency points of the transmitted signal is recorded as N; lambda is the wavelength corresponding to the measurement center frequency, and the formula lambda=c/f is adopted c Calculating, wherein c is the speed of light; the bandwidth of the transmitted signal is marked as B; the distance between the center of the antenna array and the center of the target is recorded as R;
1-2) setting the interval of antenna array elements as d, and determining the number of the virtual array X-direction array elements EX_num and the number of the Y-direction array elements EY_num to obtain a uniformly distributed virtual full array EX_num multiplied by EY_num;
1-3) according to the array element interval and the array element number, adopting a formula L x =d×ex_num to obtain an equivalent array length in X direction, using formula L y EY_num gives the equivalent array length in Y direction;
1-4) the horizontal azimuth resolution index of the target to be measured adopts a formulaRecorded as ρ x The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The resolution index of the vertical direction of the target to be measured adopts the formula +.>Recorded as ρ y The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The range resolution index of the target to be measured adopts a formulaRecorded as ρ z ；
1-5) discretizing a target scene, wherein the horizontal azimuth is marked as X; the vertical direction is marked as Y, the distance direction is marked as Z, and the number of discrete points corresponding to the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction is respectively N x 、N y and Nz Determining super-resolution imaging requirements according to requirementsImproved resolution multiple a x ，a y ，a z From the conventional resolution ρ x ，ρ y ，ρ z To determine the discrete point spacing corresponding to each target scene coordinate axis
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