CN113671212B - Optical path switching channel and switching method for measuring three-dimensional air volume based on DWDM optical switch module, and laser radar - Google Patents
Optical path switching channel and switching method for measuring three-dimensional air volume based on DWDM optical switch module, and laser radar Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an optical path switching channel for measuring three-dimensional air volume based on a DWDM optical switch module, which is characterized in that the channel is a channel which is distributed to different corresponding wavelength optical paths through a DWDM optical switch module after laser of different wave bands is emitted by a tunable seed source laser, isolated, shunted, modulated and amplified, and the output of different wavelengths by the tunable seed source laser is realized by driving and adjusting current through tunable seeds. The DWDM optical switch can replace a conventional MEMS optical switch, and is a passive device, does not need external power supply, does not need circuit time sequence control, has low insertion loss, low cost, high reliability, easy integration and high maintainability, and meets the requirement of the current batch production of the laser radar.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of three-dimensional air quantity measuring equipment and method, and particularly relates to a method for measuring a three-dimensional air quantity optical channel based on a DWDM optical switch module, a switching method and a laser radar.
Background
The coherent Doppler laser radar acquires the Doppler frequency shift of the scattering signal by using the aerosol backscattering signal and the beat frequency signal of the local oscillator light, so that the wind speed information is obtained. The inversion of the three-dimensional wind field requires at least three wind speed values, and the lidar measures the wind speeds in multiple directions by a scanning mode. The general laser circulator only has a single output head, can only measure a single radial wind speed, cannot distinguish the state of one wind speed and one wind direction in an area class, and needs to add an optical device for realizing multi-channel switching in the back so as to realize a measuring mode for forming three-dimensional wind quantity in multiple directions.
The conventional optical switching method includes: (1) the mechanical CDL structure is characterized in that a scanner is additionally arranged in front of a telescope tube, an optical wedge element with the angle of 8 degrees is arranged in the center of the scanner, light can be refracted when passing through the optical wedge, an inverted cone is formed in a circle after the scanner rotates for one circle, a laser radar forms coordinate systems in several directions in a scanning area, and wind speed information of a wind field is obtained by confirming wind speeds in different directions in the coordinate systems. The scheme is not only higher in price, not too fast in frequency and relatively complex in deflection angle control, and needs a separate controller to control a scanning mode, so that the reliability is general; the loss of the bearing is large due to long-term rotation, so that the center of a light path is easy to deviate, and the radar is arranged to have a larger integral structure.
(2) The magneto-optical switch is an optical switch utilizing Faraday magneto-optical effect, changes the action of a magneto-optical crystal on the polarization plane of incident polarized light through the change of an external magnetic field to achieve the effect of switching the optical path, and transmits and receives laser through telescopes with different directions, thereby realizing the detection of a three-dimensional wind field. The scheme has the advantages of small structure, high switching speed, high stability, low driving voltage, small crosstalk and long service life, but the price is higher, an additional signal control time sequence is needed, temperature control is needed, the insertion loss change of a device is prevented, the number of internal optical elements is too large, the consistency of device parameters is difficult to control, the manufacturing period is longer, and the requirement of batch production cannot be met.
(3) The micro-mechanical MEMS optical switch focuses light on the MEMS galvanometer through a lens, and the galvanometer is electrically tuned to couple the light into the optical fiber array after rotating in different directions, thereby achieving the effect of switching optical channels. An external circuit is required as a control signal, and a state of light leakage and light non-cutting is likely to occur during timing control.
Meanwhile, the existing MEMS optical switch has the following problems:
(a) the existing method uses an MEMS optical switch, has low tolerance power, is not beneficial to the performance improvement of the existing laser radar, is easy to damage the pittail by high power, causes large insertion loss, even does not emit light, and directly damages devices; the optical fiber array film layer cannot bear overhigh power, the optical fiber is focused on the micro-vibrating mirror through the C-LENS LENS, the temperature is very high, and the reflected light directly breaks the film layer of the optical fiber array; DWDM dense wavelength division multiplexer is passive device, to power customizable, and the laser damage rete is plated to inside components and parts accessible prevents that components and parts from appearing in radar promotion performance process by corresponding problems such as high power laser breakdown and the plug loss grow that leads to, the circumstances such as light-emitting. DWDM dense wavelength division multiplexer can use the passive optic fibre of big mode field to and the technology of inside coating film, improve light power input and output, so that lidar has very big help to the promotion of future big energy.
(b) The existing method uses an MEMS optical switch, is sensitive to temperature, has the problem that the refractive index of an internal C-LENS LENS is changed, is easy to deviate when laser is coupled to an optical fiber array, is gasified when being applied to peripheral glue, can be attached to the optical fiber array when the vaporized glue, and is easy to burn an end face after light passes through; the DWDM dense wavelength division multiplexer has simple internal structure, low temperature influence and no influence of lens coupling factor
(c) In the existing method, an MEMS optical switch is used, the time sequence of a circuit board is required to be accurately modulated, otherwise, the state of light leakage and light cutting or light emitting is easy to occur, so that the radar detects error data, and the error rate is high; DWDM dense wavelength division multiplexer belongs to passive device, need not outside power and signal control, through inside filter and speculum structure, screens different wavelength, exports from the optic fibre of different wavelength to reach the effect of switching the passageway.
Based on the defects of the existing method, in order to meet the requirements of low cost, high reliability and mass production of the existing wind-measuring laser radar optical switch module, a new technical scheme is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a novel optical channel based on a DWDM switch module and a switching method under the optical channel on the basis of a tunable seed laser and a DWDM (wherein the DWDM is also called a dense wavelength division multiplexer), and further provides a laser radar with the optical channel structure.
The optical channel based on the DWDM switch module gives out laser of different wave bands through the adjustable seed laser, after amplifying, can distribute automatically to the wavelength light path that corresponds after through DWDM, in the atmosphere is launched to through the telescope to the back, receives atmospheric echo signal simultaneously, and echo signal also receives from corresponding passageway to obtain wind speed information.
The invention provides an optical path switching channel for measuring three-dimensional air quantity based on a DWDM optical switch module, which comprises the following specific contents: the channel is a channel which is distributed to different corresponding wavelength light paths through a DWDM optical switch module after the tunable seed source laser emits laser with different wave bands, the isolation shunt, the modulation and the amplification are carried out, and the output of different wavelengths by the tunable seed source laser is realized by driving and adjusting current by a tunable seed.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a laser radar comprising the optical path switching channel, wherein the laser radar adopts the optical path switching channel as claimed in claim 1, and specifically comprises a tunable seed source laser, a tunable seed driving isolator, a DWDM optical switch module, a telescope group, a coupler, a photoelectric detector and an A/D data acquisition and signal processing module;
the tunable seed driver is used for assisting the tunable seed source laser to emit laser with different wavelengths; the tunable seed source laser is used for emitting laser with different wavelengths and sending the laser to the isolator;
the isolator divides the laser into two paths, one path of laser passes through the DWDM optical switch module and the optical path of the telescope group for return processing, and is coupled and coherent with the other path of laser at the coupler;
the photoelectric detector is used for converting the coupled optical signal into an electric signal and outputting a difference frequency signal;
and the A/D data acquisition and signal processing module is connected to the output signal end of the photoelectric detector and is used for processing data to obtain a time domain and frequency domain diagram of the signal.
As an improvement, the system also comprises an acousto-optic modulator, a radio frequency driver and a laser amplification module; the radio frequency driver is used for outputting an external signal to the acousto-optic modulator; the acousto-optic modulator is arranged at the output signal end of the isolator and used for modulating laser; the laser amplification module is arranged at the output signal end of the acousto-optic modulator and used for amplifying the output light of the modulator to proper power.
The optical fiber circulator comprises a plurality of ports, one port is used for receiving light emitted by the laser amplification module, the second port is used for emitting signal light, and the third port is used for receiving echo signal light which is sequentially transmitted back through the DWDM optical switch module and the telescope group.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides an optical path switching method of the laser radar for measuring the three-dimensional air volume based on the DWDM optical switch module, which comprises the following specific steps:
(i) the seed source laser is tuned to emit laser of different wave bands by adjusting the seed source current through the tunable seed drive;
(ii) dividing the laser in the step (i) into two paths through a beam splitter, wherein one path of the laser is used as local oscillation light to be input into a coupler after passing through an adjustable attenuator; the other path is that the laser is modulated into pulse laser after passing through an acousto-optic modulator and generates frequency shift quantity fAOMAfter being amplified by the laser amplification module, the pulse laser is emitted into the atmosphere through the optical fiber circulator, the DWDM optical switch module and the telescope group, the pulse laser interacts with aerosol particles moving in the atmosphere, and a backscattering signal of the aerosol generates Doppler frequency shift fDThen returning to the DWDM optical switch module and the optical fiber circulator until the coupler and the local oscillation light are subjected to coherent beat frequency; the coherent beat frequency signal is converted into analog radio frequency signal by photoelectric detector, the analog signal is converted into digital signal by A/D data acquisition and signal processing module, and the frequency f of the signal is calculated by algorithm processingAOM+fD，fDThe amount of doppler shift generated for the aerosol backscatter signal.
As an improvement, the DWDM optical switch module divides the optical path into multiple channels, and when a coordinate system is established, f-f is defined0When the wind speed is more than 0, the radial wind speed is more than 0
f: the total frequency of the received scattered signals; f. ofAOM: frequency shift amount, wherein a specific method for establishing a coordinate system comprises the following steps: dividing the telescope into four parts, simultaneously shooting the telescope into the atmosphere at different angles, sequentially marking the telescope with a No. 1 telescope tube at the upper right corner in the anticlockwise direction, and sequentially marking los1, los2, los3 and los 4; wherein the horizontal included angle of los1, los3, los2 and los4 is 30 degrees; the vertical included angle of the intervals of los1, los2, los3 and los4 is 25 degrees, the emitted laser forms a rectangular square matrix, and los1 and light beams n1 and n2 emitted by los2 form a horizontal line on a test distance range plane, and the horizontal line is used as an upper light beam plane; beams n3 and n4 emitted by los3 and los4 form a horizontal line on the plane of the tested distance range, and the horizontal line is taken as the lower beam plane.
As an improvement, two laser beams are arranged in the upper beam plane according to the geometrical relationship
The sight line direction wind speed is respectively:
then xu、yuThe solution of (a) is:
the plane wind speed and wind direction of the upper light beam are respectively as follows:
θup＝arctan 2(-yu,-xu)。
wherein Xu is the plane wind speed component of the upper beam in the X-axis direction, Yu: the planar wind speed component in the Y-axis direction of the upper beam,
η: laser efficiency constant, θ t: the horizontal telescope transmits an included angle.
As an improvement, the lower beam plane wind speed v is calculateddownIn the lower beam plane, two laser beams according to the geometrical relation
The sight line direction wind speed is respectively:
x is thend、ydThe solution of (a) is:
wherein, lower light beam plane wind speed, wind direction do respectively:
θdown＝arctan 2(-yd,-xd)
wherein eta is the laser efficiency constant, theta t: horizontal telescope launch angle, θ up: upper beam plane wind direction, Vup: upper beam plane wind speed, Vdown: lower beam plane wind speed, θ down: lower beam plane wind direction. Xd: plane wind speed component in the lower beam X-axis direction, Yd: plane wind speed component of the lower beam Y-axis direction.
As an improvement, the index and turbulence state of wind shear and wind speed states of different height layers are calculated as follows:
(i) turbulent flow regime
(ii) Index of wind shear
(iii) Wind speed calculation for different height layers
Wherein STATUS (v)los): is a flag bit, σlos: wind speed labeling difference;
average wind speed; hlidar: radar mounting height; xt: horizontally measuring the distance; θ s: a vertical beam angle; hhub: hub height; v. oflos: turbulent wind speed; tilos: (ii) a turbulent density; vup: upper beam plane wind speed; vbrown: lower beam plane wind speed; α v: vertical wind shear index.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides a technical content that a tunable seed source and a DWDM dense wavelength division multiplexer are used for replacing the method of using an optical switch of the original laser radar, and the method is a novel optical channel switching method.
Further compared with the existing conventional method, the method has the following advantages: adopt DWDM photoswitch to replace conventional MEMS photoswitch, DWDM is as passive device, need not external power supply, also need not circuit sequential control, and the insertion loss is lower, and is with low costs, and the reliability is high, easily integrates, and maintainability is high, satisfies present batch production laser radar's demand. Meanwhile, the device does not need external electric signal control, does not need an external temperature control system, can be integrated in miniaturization, can output multiple paths, has small insertion loss, can customize and change large-energy devices according to requirements, and has great help for radar improvement performance.
The insertion loss refers to insertion loss, and the ratio of the entering optical power to the output optical power of the optical fiber output head is specifically represented as:
drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the lidar structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the DWDM multiplexer according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the tunable seed source laser of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the four-beam set relationship of the laser radar of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the specific structure of the laser radar for measuring three-dimensional air volume based on the DWDM optical switch module of the present invention is as follows:
tunable seed source laser 1: for outputting continuous laser light of different wavelengths.
Tunable seed drive 2: for modulating the seed source laser 1 at different wavelengths.
The isolator 3: the return light is prevented from returning to the tunable laser 1, and the tunable seed source laser 1 is protected from being damaged; and the tunable seed source laser is divided into two paths of local oscillator light and signal light.
The acoustic optical modulator 4: the continuous light output from the isolator 3 is pulse-modulated by the acousto-optic modulator 4 to form a pulse laser, and the frequency changes and moves accordingly (the frequency shift amount depends on the frequency of the acousto-optic modulator 4).
The radio frequency driver 5: and outputting the external signal to the acousto-optic modulator 4 for modulation.
The laser amplification module 6: the modulator output light is amplified to a suitable power for detection.
Fiber circulator 7: the three ports are total, one port receives the light emitted by the amplification module, two ports emit signal light, and three ports receive echo signal light.
DWDM dense wavelength division multiplexer, also called DWDM optical switch module 8: the laser with different wavelengths is output to the telescope through different channels, then is emitted to the atmosphere, and receives the laser echo signal of the atmosphere through a receiving and transmitting co-location mode.
The telescopic group 9: the energy is converged at the required atmospheric distance, and simultaneously, the signal of laser backscattering in the atmosphere is received.
The coupler 10: the local oscillation light output by the isolator 2 is coupled with the circulator echo signal of the optical fiber amplifier 5, and is coherent, and the coherent laser is divided into two beams and output to the balance detector 8.
The photodetector 11: and 7, performing beat frequency on the two beams of coupled coherent light, converting the optical signals after beat frequency into electric signals, and outputting difference frequency signals.
The A/D data acquisition and signal processing module 12: the continuous analog signal output by the photodetector 11 is converted into a discrete digital signal, and data processing is performed to obtain a time domain and frequency domain diagram of the signal.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the specific test method using the laser radar described above is:
the current of a tunable seed source laser 1 is adjusted through a tunable seed driver 2 to control the tunable seed source to output continuous laser with different wavelength, the laser passes through an isolator 3 or a branching unit, one path of the laser is divided into local oscillator light serving as beat frequency and the other path of the laser is divided into signal light on a main light path, meanwhile, a radar circuit board provides a radio frequency driver 5 for synchronously modulating signals, the radio frequency driver 5 modulates the signals for an acousto-optic modulator 4, the signal light passes through the acousto-optic modulator 4, the signal light is modulated into pulse laser and generates a frequency shift amount f corresponding to the frequency of the acousto-optic modulator 4AOM。
The optical fiber amplifier 6 is amplified to the power required by detection; the output pulse amplification laser is input from one port of the optical fiber circulator 7, is output from two ports of the optical fiber circulator 7, is accessed into the DWDM optical switch module 8 to perform channel switching of different wavelengths, is emitted onto aerosol in the atmosphere through the telescope group 8, has a backscattering effect after encountering the aerosol, receives backscattering signals through the telescope group 9 at the moment, and passes through the optical fiber circulator 7; the return optical signal and one local oscillator light of the shunt/isolator 3 are coupled into the coupler 10, and are subjected to coherent beat frequency and divided into two beams; the two coherent beat frequency light signals are input to the photoelectric detector 11, the photoelectric detector 11 converts the light signals into electrical signals, and the electrical signals are input to the a/D data acquisition and signal processing module 12.
The tunable seed driver 2 adjusts the tunable seed source laser 1 to emit laser with different wavelengths through the following settings: the laser has a sampling grating as a reflection grating at each of two ends of the resonant cavity. The grating spacing of the two sampled gratings is designed to be slightly different. The resulting spectra will have different mode spacing. Resonant amplification of light is possible only if the modes are at the reflection peaks of both fibers at the same time. The reflection spectrum of one of the gratings is shifted by changing the injected current, so that the coincidence position of the reflection peaks is changed, and output light with different frequencies is obtained. Similarly, a first-stage phase area is arranged in the middle and also serves as a fine adjustment area, quasi-continuous wavelength adjustment is realized by changing oscillation positions of modes through the fine adjustment area, the range can reach hundreds of nanometers, and the selected wavelength is finer.
Optionally, a plurality of different wavelengths are modulated by increasing current, one path of light is led out to enter the etalon, and wavelength stabilization is realized through power change, current change and voltage change, mainly because the wind speed and the wavelength are related in wind speed inversion, and the wavelength precision influences the wind speed precision.
The DWDM optical switch module 8, also called DWDM dense wavelength division multiplexer, operates according to the following principle: similar to multiple WDM devices integrated together. After passing through DWDM, multiple wavelengths are separated by wavelength division multiplexer. Coupling a plurality of wavelength wave-combining lasers modulated by the DBR tunable seed source laser to a DWDM optical device through optical fibers, refracting the light into each optical fiber array through a prism, placing a filter of a dielectric film at the front end of each optical fiber array, and transmitting the light into the optical fibers through the filter only if the wavelength of the light is within the filtering range; otherwise, the filter plate which can not pass through the wavelength can be reflected back by the filter plate, at the moment, a layer of reflecting film is plated on the edge of the module, the light reflected back by the first filter plate is reflected to the port of the next optical fiber array again, and the filter plates with different wavelengths are placed at the same next port. The method is used for realizing the optical switching by sequentially and repeatedly acting, finding out proper wavelengths through back-and-forth reflection of different filters and reflectors, and then enabling light to enter corresponding ports of the optical fiber array, so that most wavelengths in the multimode optical fiber are decomposed into single wavelengths to be output from different wavelength channels. Because the optical switch module in the radar system needs low insertion loss, high return loss, high withstand power, 18dB of polarization state and high reliability, the DWDM key parameters can well meet the requirements.
Example 1
The method for switching the optical path of the laser radar for measuring the three-dimensional air quantity based on the DWDM optical switch module comprises the following specific steps:
(i) the seed source current is adjusted through the tunable seed driver 2 to tune the seed source laser 1 to emit laser of different wave bands;
(ii) dividing the laser in the step (i) into two paths by a beam splitter, wherein one path of the laser is used as local oscillation light to be input into the coupler 10 after passing through an adjustable attenuator; the other path is that the laser is modulated into pulse laser after passing through the acousto-optic modulator 4 and generates frequency shift quantity fAOMAfter being amplified by the laser amplification module 6, the pulse laser is emitted to the atmosphere through the optical fiber circulator 7, the DWDM optical switch module 8 and the telescope group 9, the pulse laser interacts with aerosol particles moving in the atmosphere, and a backscattering signal of the aerosol generates Doppler frequency shift fDThen returning to the DWDM optical switch module 8 and the optical fiber circulator 7 until the coupler 10 beats frequency coherently with the local oscillation light; the coherent beat frequency signal is converted into analog radio frequency signal by the photoelectric detector 11, the analog signal is converted into digital signal by the A/D data acquisition and signal processing module 12, and then the frequency f of the signal is calculated by algorithm processingAOM+fD，fDThe amount of doppler shift generated for the aerosol backscatter signal.
Since f is knownAOMBy the formula v ═ fDλ/2 (wherein f)DThe Doppler frequency shift quantity generated by aerosol backscattering signals, lambda is the laser wavelength, v is the wind speed in the light detection direction) and the flight time Delta T of the pulse laser, and calculating the different distances D (equal to(Δ T × c)/2 wind speed (c 3 × 10)8m/s, the speed of light). Because the laser radar measures the wind speed change information of a wind field, the single channel can only detect the radial wind speed of the laser radar, and cannot measure the wind direction and the change state; as shown in fig. 1, the light splitting of the light path into multiple channels can realize inversion of wind direction, wind speed and changing state of a three-dimensional wind field.
(1) Measuring radial wind velocity v1、v2、v3、v4The calculation formula is as follows:
according to the preceding coordinate system definition, when f-f0> 0, the radial wind speed should be greater than 0, so for the resulting radial wind speed, when actually applied, v ═ v, where f: the total frequency of the received scattered signals; f. ofAOM: and (4) frequency shift amount.
The telescope is divided into four parts and is shot to the atmosphere at different angles. According to the anticlockwise direction, the upper right corner is taken as the No. 1 telescope tube, and los1.los2.los3.los4 are marked in sequence; wherein the horizontal included angle of los1, los3, los2 and los4 at intervals is 27 degrees; los1, los2, los3 and los4 are separated by 15 degrees of vertical included angle, so that the emitted laser can form a rectangular matrix, as shown in fig. 4. The beams n1 and n2 emitted by los1 and los2 form a horizontal line on the plane of the tested distance range, and the horizontal line is taken as the upper beam plane; we use los3 and los4 to emit beams n3 and n4 in the plane of the tested distance range, forming a horizontal line, and using the horizontal line as the lower beam plane.
(2) Calculating the upper beam plane wind velocity component vup。
In the upper beam plane, two beams of laser light according to the geometrical relationship
The sight line direction wind speed is respectively:
x is thenu、yuThe solution of (a) is:
therefore, the upper beam plane wind speed and wind direction are respectively:
θup＝arctan 2(-yu,-xu)
(3) calculating the lower beam plane wind speed vdown。
In the lower beam plane, two beams of laser light according to the geometrical relationship
The sight line direction wind speed is respectively:
x is thend、ydThe solution of (A) is as follows:
therefore, the lower beam plane wind speed and wind direction are:
θdown＝arctan 2(-yd,-xd)
wherein eta is the laser efficiency constant, thetat: horizontal telescope launch angle, θ up: upper beam plane wind direction, Vup: upper beam plane wind speed, Vdown: lower beam plane wind speed, θ down: lower beam plane wind direction. Xd: plane wind speed component in the lower beam X-axis direction, Yd: plane wind speed component of the lower beam Y-axis direction.
At the moment, the wind speed and wind direction states of the upper and lower light beam planes are obtained, and then the index and turbulence state of the wind shear and the wind speed state of the height layer are calculated.
(4) Turbulent flow regime
(6) Index of wind shear
(7) Wind speed calculation for different height layers
Wherein STATUS (v)los): is a flag bit, σlos: wind speed labeling difference;
average wind speed; hlidar: radar mounting height; xt: horizontally measuring the distance; θ s: a vertical beam angle; hhub: a hub height; v. oflos: turbulent wind speed; tilos: (ii) a turbulent density; vup: upper beam plane wind speed; vbrown: lower beam plane wind speed; α v: vertical wind shear index.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not to be understood as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a laser radar based on DWDM photoswitch module measures three-dimensional amount of wind which characterized in that: the laser radar adopts an optical path switching channel for measuring three-dimensional air quantity based on a DWDM optical switch module, the channel emits laser with different wave bands through a tunable seed source laser (1), and is distributed to channels in different corresponding wavelength optical paths through an isolation shunt, modulation and amplification and then through the DWDM optical switch module (8), wherein the output of different wavelengths by the tunable seed source laser (1) is realized by adjusting current through a tunable seed driver (2);
the laser radar specifically comprises a tunable seed source laser (1), a tunable seed driver (2), an isolator (3), a DWDM optical switch module (8), a telescope group (9), a coupler (10), a photoelectric detector (11) and an A/D data acquisition and signal processing module (12);
the tunable seed driver (2) is used for assisting the tunable seed source laser (1) to emit laser with different wavelengths;
the tunable seed source laser (1) is used for emitting laser with different wavelengths and sending the laser to the isolator (3);
the isolator (3) divides the laser into two paths, one path of the laser passes through a DWDM optical switch module (8) and a telescope group (9) for light path return processing, and is coupled and coherent with the other path of the laser in a coupler (10);
the photoelectric detector (11) is used for converting the coupled optical signal into an electric signal and outputting a difference frequency signal;
and the A/D data acquisition and signal processing module (12) is connected to the output signal end of the photoelectric detector and is used for processing data to obtain a time domain and frequency domain diagram of the signal.
2. A lidar for measuring three-dimensional air volume based on a DWDM optical switch module according to claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises an acousto-optic modulator (4), a radio frequency driver (5) and a laser amplification module (6); the radio frequency driver (5) is used for outputting an external signal to the acousto-optic modulator (4); the acousto-optic modulator (4) is arranged at the output signal end of the isolator (3) and is used for modulating laser; and the laser amplification module (6) is arranged at the signal output end of the acousto-optic modulator (4) and is used for amplifying the output light of the modulator to a proper power.
3. A lidar for measuring three-dimensional air volume based on a DWDM optical switch module according to claim 2, wherein: the optical fiber circulator (7) comprises a plurality of ports, one port is used for receiving light emitting light of the laser amplification module (6), the second port is used for emitting signal light, and the third port is used for receiving echo signal light which is sequentially transmitted back through the DWDM optical switch module (8) and the telescope group (9).
4. A method for switching optical paths of a lidar for measuring three-dimensional air volume according to any of claims 1-3, wherein: the method comprises the following specific steps:
(i) the seed source current is adjusted through the tunable seed driver (2) to tune the seed source laser (1) to emit laser with different wave bands;
(ii) dividing the laser in the step (i) into two paths through a beam splitter, wherein one path of the laser is used as local oscillation light to be input into a coupler (10) after passing through an adjustable attenuator; the other path is that the laser is modulated into pulse laser after passing through an acousto-optic modulator (4) and generates frequency shift quantity fAOMAfter being amplified by the laser amplification module (6), the pulse laser is emitted to the atmosphere through the optical fiber circulator (7), the DWDM optical switch module (8) and the telescope group (9), the pulse laser interacts with aerosol particles moving in the atmosphere, and a backscattering signal of the aerosol generates Doppler frequency shift fDThen returns to the DWDM optical switch module (8) and the optical fiber ringThe coupler (10) is connected with the local oscillation light through the coupler (7) in a coherent beat frequency mode; the coherent beat frequency signal is converted into an analog radio frequency signal through a photoelectric detector (11), the analog signal is converted into a digital signal through an A/D data acquisition and signal processing module (12), and then the frequency f of the signal is calculated through algorithm processingAOM+fD，fDThe amount of doppler shift generated for the aerosol backscatter signal.
5. The method for switching the optical path of the lidar for measuring three-dimensional air volume based on the DWDM optical switch module according to claim 4, wherein: DWDM optical switch module (8) divides the optical path into multiple channels, and when establishing a coordinate system, f-f is defined0When the wind speed is more than 0, the radial wind speed is more than 0
f: the total frequency of the received scattered signals; f. ofAOM: amount of frequency shift, f0: the seed source signal frequency can be tuned, wherein the specific method for establishing the coordinate system comprises the following steps: dividing the telescope into four parts, simultaneously shooting the telescope into the atmosphere at different angles, sequentially marking the telescope with a No. 1 telescope tube at the upper right corner in a counterclockwise direction, and sequentially marking los1, los2, los3 and los 4; wherein the horizontal included angle of los1, los3, los2 and los4 is 30 degrees; los1, los2, los3 and los4 are separated by a vertical included angle of 25 degrees, so that emitted laser forms a rectangular square matrix, and a horizontal line is formed on a plane of a tested distance range by los1 and los2 emitted light beams n1 and n2, and is taken as an upper light beam plane; beams n3 and n4 emitted by los3 and los4 form a horizontal line on the plane of the tested distance range, and the horizontal line is taken as the lower beam plane.
6. The method for switching the optical path of the lidar for measuring three-dimensional air volume based on a DWDM optical switch module according to claim 5, wherein:
two laser beams in the upper beam plane according to the geometrical relationship
The wind speed in the sight line direction is respectively as follows:
then xu、yuThe solution of (A) is as follows:
the plane wind speed and wind direction of the upper light beam are respectively as follows:
θup＝arctan2(-yu,-xu)
wherein Xu is the plane wind speed component of the upper beam in the X-axis direction, Yu: plane wind speed component in the upper beam Y axis direction, η: laser efficiency constant, θ t: the horizontal telescope transmits an included angle.
7. The method for switching the optical path of the lidar for measuring three-dimensional air volume based on a DWDM optical switch module according to claim 5, wherein: calculating the lower beam plane wind speed component vdownIn the lower beam plane, two laser beams according to the geometrical relation
The sight line direction wind speed is respectively:
x is thend、ydThe solution of (a) is:
wherein, lower light beam plane wind speed, wind direction do respectively:
θdown＝arctan2(-yd,-xd)，
wherein eta is the laser efficiency constant, thetat: horizontal telescope launch angle, θ up: upper beam plane wind direction, Vup: upper beam plane wind speed, Vdown: lower beam plane wind speed, θ down: lower beam plane wind direction, Xd: plane wind speed component in the lower beam X-axis direction, Yd: plane wind speed component of the lower beam Y-axis direction.
8. The optical path switching method for measuring three-dimensional air volume based on DWDM optical switch module according to claim 4, characterized in that: wherein, the index and the turbulent flow state of the wind shear are calculated, and the wind speed states of different height layers are as follows:
(i) turbulent flow regime
(ii) Index of wind shear
(iii) Wind speed calculation for different height layers
Wherein STATUSVlos: is a flag bit, σlos: marking difference of wind speed;
the average value of the wind speed; hlidar: radar mounting height; xt: horizontally measuring the distance; θ s: a vertical beam angle; hhub: a hub height; v. oflos: turbulent wind speed; ti (titanium)los: (ii) a turbulent density; vup: upper beam plane wind speed; vbrown: lower beam plane wind speed; α v: vertical wind shear index.
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