CN113669216A - Monitoring device and monitoring method of non-contact wind driven generator - Google Patents

Monitoring device and monitoring method of non-contact wind driven generator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113669216A
CN113669216A CN202111079166.3A CN202111079166A CN113669216A CN 113669216 A CN113669216 A CN 113669216A CN 202111079166 A CN202111079166 A CN 202111079166A CN 113669216 A CN113669216 A CN 113669216A
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reflector
data processor
psd sensor
generator
main shaft
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CN113669216B (en
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王凌云
顾航硕
王春艳
郑茹
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Changchun University of Science and Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

A monitoring device and a monitoring method of a non-contact wind driven generator relate to the technical field of wind power generation monitoring, and solve the problem that the existing monitoring is complex and expensive and influences the motion of the generator; the laser is installed on the second plane, the reflector is arranged on the taper surface of the main shaft of the generator, the first converging lens is located between the laser and the reflector, the second converging lens is located between the reflector and the PSD sensor, the PSD sensor is connected with the data processor, the PSD sensor can detect the horizontal displacement x 'of a light spot irradiated on the PSD sensor, and the data processor can calculate the axial displacement of the axial movement of the main shaft of the generator according to the x'. The invention has the advantages of high precision, response speed block, simple structure operation, low cost, stable and reliable working performance, capability of carrying out long-time continuous monitoring and the like.

Description

Monitoring device and monitoring method of non-contact wind driven generator
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind power generation monitoring, in particular to a monitoring device and a monitoring method of a non-contact wind power generator.
Background
The wind driven generator is a heat energy utilization generator which takes the sun as a heat source and takes the atmosphere as a working medium. The method does not need fuel, occupies no farmland, has no pollution and low operation cost, and becomes a key item for the development of various countries in recent years.
Whether the wind driven generator can be normally put into use or not influences the overall quality of wind power generation, and the failure of the fan can not only influence the unit per se, but also cause serious safety accidents and serious personal and property loss. In order to meet the requirements of wind power generation and normal operation, the vibration state needs to be monitored, the wind driven generator is ensured to be in a controllable state in the actual process, and the application quality and efficiency of power generation and power generation are improved.
At present, the detection of the main shaft of the fan is mainly concentrated in the production process and before installation, and the research and development of the on-line detection of the main shaft are very little. The existing method is generally to mount the fan sensor directly on the main shaft. The wind driven generator is generally positioned in a low-temperature windy and sandy area or a humid and coastal high-corrosion area in the south in most of China, the position is remote, and the directly installed fan sensor has good low-temperature resistance, high-humidity resistance, wind and sand resistance and corrosion resistance, but is expensive. The fan sensor is used as the additional mass of the measured object, and the motion state of the fan sensor is necessarily influenced. Moreover, a certain number of vibration sensors and data acquisition equipment are required to be installed in the mode, and the capital cost and the wiring complexity of the wind turbine system are increased to a certain extent. The corresponding monitoring method needs to preprocess the acquired signals to obtain the fault characteristic frequency, is not only complex, but also needs to spend a large amount of time on acquiring data and establishing models for normal fans of different models.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a monitoring device and a monitoring method for a non-contact wind turbine.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
the monitoring device of the non-contact wind driven generator comprises a laser, a first convergent lens, a reflector, a PSD sensor, a data processor and a second convergent lens;
the laser is installed on a second plane, the second plane is parallel to a first plane on which the wind driven generator is installed, the reflector is used for being arranged on a taper surface of a main shaft of the generator, the first converging lens is located between the laser and the reflector and used for converging light beams emitted by the laser onto the reflector, the second converging lens is located between the reflector and the PSD sensor and used for converging the light beams reflected by the reflector onto the PSD sensor, the PSD sensor is connected with the data processor and can detect the horizontal displacement x ' of light spots irradiated onto the PSD sensor and send the horizontal displacement x ' to the data processor, and the data processor can calculate the axial displacement x of axial movement of the main shaft of the generator according to the x '.
The monitoring method of the non-contact wind driven generator comprises the following steps:
step 1, measuring an included angle theta between a main shaft of a wind driven generator and a first plane1(ii) a The reflector is arranged on the taper surface of the main shaft of the generator, and the radial included angle theta between the reflector and the main shaft of the generator is measured2(ii) a Ensuring that the light beam emitted by the laser can be converged on the reflector through the first converging lens and ensuring that the light beam reflected by the reflector is converged on the PSD sensor after passing through the second converging lens;
step 2, measuring theta in the step two1And theta measured in step three2Input to a data processor;
step 3, the PSD sensor detects the horizontal displacement x 'of the light spot irradiated on the PSD sensor and sends the horizontal displacement x' of the light spot to the data processor, and the data processor receives the x 'and sends the x' to the data processor according to theta1、θ2And x' calculating the axial displacement x of the axial movement of the main shaft of the generator.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the monitoring device of the non-contact wind driven generator only is provided with the reflector without arranging a sensor on the main shaft of the generator to be detected, and the reflector is light in weight and hardly influences the motion state of the main shaft of the generator. The monitoring device has wide application range, and can monitor the axial movement of the main shaft of the wind driven generator in real time for wind driven generators with different tapers and different angles between the main shaft and the horizontal plane. The monitoring device based on the PSD sensor has the advantages of high precision, response speed block, simple structure and operation, low cost, stable and reliable working performance, capability of carrying out long-time continuous monitoring and the like. The corresponding monitoring method is simple to operate, and the axial displacement x of the starting motor spindle axial movement is easy to obtain.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a usage state of a monitoring device of a non-contact wind driven generator according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a view illustrating a housing and an internal structure of a monitoring device of a non-contact wind power generator according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a laser, 2, a first convergent lens, 3, a reflector, 4, a second convergent lens, 5, a PSD sensor, 6, a shell, 7, a display device, 8, an A/D converter, 9, a single chip microcomputer, 10, an optical fiber transceiver, 11, a USB interface, 12 and a taper surface.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and therefore the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
The monitoring device of the non-contact wind driven generator, as shown in fig. 1, comprises a laser 1, a first converging lens 2, a reflector 3, a PSD sensor 5, a data processor, and a second converging lens 4. The second condenser lens 4 serves as a receiving lens.
The wind driven generator is installed on a first plane, the laser 1 is installed on a second plane, the first plane is parallel to the second plane, in this embodiment, the wind driven generator and the laser 1 are placed on the same horizontal plane, the first focusing lens 2 is located between the laser 1 and the reflecting mirror 3, the first focusing lens 2 is used for focusing a light beam emitted by the laser 1 onto the reflecting mirror 3, the reflecting mirror 3 is used for being arranged on a taper surface 12 of a generator spindle (fig. 1 does not show all structures of the wind driven generator, and only shows the structure of the generator spindle), the outer surface of the generator spindle comprises the taper surface 12, that is, the taper of the taper surface 12 of the reflecting mirror 3 attached to the outer surface of the generator spindle is installed on the generator spindle. The second condenser lens 4 is disposed in front of the PSD sensor 5. The second converging lens 4 is located between the reflector 3 and the PSD sensor 5, and the second converging lens 4 is used for converging the light beam reflected by the reflector 3 onto the PSD sensor 5. The PSD sensor 5 is connected to a data processor. The detection surface of the PSD sensor 5 (the surface for detecting the light spot) is parallel to the plane where the wind turbine and the laser 1 are placed.
During monitoring, light beams emitted by the laser 1 are converged on the reflector 3 through the first converging lens 2, are reflected by the reflector 3 and then are converged on the PSD sensor 5 through the second converging lens 4, namely, are converged on a detection surface of the PSD sensor 5, the PSD sensor 5 can detect the horizontal displacement x ' of a light spot irradiated on the PSD sensor 5, x ' is the horizontal displacement x of the light spot received by the detection surface of the PSD sensor 5, the horizontal displacement x ' of the light spot is sent to the data processor, and the data processor can receive x ' and calculate the axial displacement x of the axial movement of the main shaft of the generator according to the x '.
The data processor derives a calculation formula of x according to x' as follows:
Figure BDA0003263313070000041
wherein, theta1Is the included angle between the axial direction of the main shaft of the generator and the first plane; theta2Is the radial included angle between the reflector 3 and the main shaft of the generator.
As shown in fig. 2, the data processor includes a single chip microcomputer 9 and an a/D converter 8, the single chip microcomputer 9 is an STM32 single chip microcomputer, the PSD sensor 5, the a/D converter 8 and the single chip microcomputer 9 are sequentially connected, x 'detected by the PSD sensor 5 is in an analog signal form, the PSD sensor 5 can send x' in the analog signal form to the a/D converter 8, the a/D converter 8 can convert x 'in the analog signal form into x' in a digital signal form and can send x 'in the digital signal form to the single chip microcomputer 9, and the single chip microcomputer 9 can receive x' in the digital signal form and calculate x accordingly. The singlechip 9, the A/D converter 8 and the PSD sensor 5 are all connected with the same power supply.
The monitoring device of the non-contact wind driven generator further comprises a display, the display is connected with the data processor, the single chip microcomputer 9 sends the x to the display, and the display is used for displaying the x obtained by the data processor.
The monitoring device of the non-contact wind driven generator further comprises an optical fiber transceiver 10, the optical fiber transceiver 10 is connected with the single chip microcomputer 9 of the data processor, and the optical fiber transceiver 10 is externally connected with a certain receiving device and used for sending x obtained by calculation of the single chip microcomputer 9 out to the receiving device. The monitoring device further comprises a shell 6, the PSD sensor 5 is arranged on the shell 6, the data processor and the optical fiber transceiver 10 are both arranged in the shell 6, one end of the optical fiber transceiver 10 is connected with the data processor, the other end of the optical fiber transceiver 10 is connected with a port arranged on the shell 6 and used for external connection, the monitoring device can be connected with a display through the optical fiber transceiver 10, and the data processor can also be directly connected with the display. The shell 6 is provided with a USB interface 11, the USB interface 11 is connected with a data processor, a storage device can be connected with the outside through the USB interface 11 to store x, a memory can be arranged in the shell 6, the memory is connected with a singlechip 9 of the data processor and also connected with the USB interface 11, x obtained by calculation of the singlechip 9 is directly stored in the memory, and the storage device can be connected with the outside through the USB interface 11 to read the x stored in the memory. The optical fiber transceiver 10 is externally connected to an existing wind power generation main monitoring center (also called a main control center end for wind power generation monitoring), and monitoring personnel can monitor the axial displacement of the axial movement of the main shaft of the generator at the main control center end.
The monitoring method of the non-contact wind driven generator comprises the following steps:
step 1, measuring an included angle theta between a main shaft of a wind driven generator and a first plane1(ii) a The reflector 3 is arranged on a taper surface 12 of a main shaft of the generator, and an included angle theta between the reflector 3 and the main shaft of the generator in the radial direction is measured2(ii) a Ensuring that the light beam emitted by the laser 1 can be converged on the reflector 3 through the first converging lens 2 and ensuring that the light beam reflected by the reflector 3 is converged on the PSD sensor 5 after passing through the second converging lens 4;
step 2, measuring theta in the step two1And theta measured in step three2Input to a data processor;
step 3, the PSD sensor 5 detects the horizontal displacement x 'of the light spot irradiated on the PSD sensor and sends the horizontal displacement x' of the light spot to the data processor, and the data processor receives the x 'and sends the x' to the data processor according to theta1、θ2And x' calculating the axial displacement x of the axial movement of the main shaft of the generator.
The following steps are detailed:
step one, the laser 1 is placed on a second plane, the second plane is parallel to a first plane on which the wind driven generator is placed, the laser 1 and the wind driven generator are both placed on a horizontal ground, and the laser 1 can vertically and upwardly enter.
Step two, measuring the included angle theta between the main shaft of the wind driven generator and the first plane1。
Step three, mounting the reflector 3 on the taper surface 12 of the main shaft of the generator, and measuring the radial included angle theta between the reflector 3 and the main shaft of the generator2。
And fourthly, installing a first converging lens 2 corresponding to the laser 1 and the reflector 3, so that the light beam emitted by the laser 1 can be converged on the reflector 3 through the first converging lens 2, and the reflector 3 reflects the light beam. The first convergent lens 2 is mounted on a first support frame which is mounted on a horizontal ground.
And step five, mounting a second convergent lens 4 and a PSD sensor 5, wherein the PSD sensor 5 is connected with the data processor, and adjusting the second convergent lens 4 and the PSD sensor 5 to enable the light beam reflected by the reflector 3 to converge on the PSD sensor 5 after passing through the second convergent lens 4. The second converging lens 4 is mounted on a second support frame which is mounted on a horizontal ground.
Step six, measuring theta measured in the step two1And theta measured in step three2Input to a data processor.
And step seven, the PSD sensor 5 detects the horizontal displacement x 'of the light spot irradiated on the PSD sensor and sends the horizontal displacement x' of the light spot to the data processor, and the data processor receives the x 'and calculates the axial displacement x of the axial movement of the main shaft of the generator according to the x'. x is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003263313070000051
the monitoring method can also comprise the eighth step, wherein the eighth step is as follows: the data processor sends x to the display device 7 and the display device 7 displays x, which is a kind of display device 7.
The monitoring device of the non-contact wind driven generator only is provided with the reflector 3 without arranging a sensor on the main shaft of the generator to be detected, and the reflector 3 has light weight and hardly influences the motion state of the main shaft of the generator. And more vibration sensors and data acquisition equipment do not need to be installed, only the PSD sensor 5 needs to be arranged, and the monitoring device is low in cost and not complex. The monitoring device can monitor the axial movement of the main shaft of the wind driven generator in real time for wind driven generators with different conicity and different angles between the main shaft and the horizontal plane. The accuracy of the existing PSD sensor 5 is not lower than the micron level, and the response speed can reach 0.1ms or even higher. Therefore, the monitoring device based on the PSD sensor 5 has the advantages of high precision, response speed block, simple structure and operation, low cost, stable and reliable working performance, capability of carrying out long-time continuous monitoring and the like. The corresponding monitoring method is simple to operate, and the axial displacement x of the starting motor spindle axial movement is easy to obtain.
The PSD sensor 5 is used for detecting the horizontal displacement x' of the light spot irradiated on the PSD sensor, and the included angle theta between the axial direction of the main shaft of the generator and the first plane1And the radial included angle theta between the reflector 3 and the main shaft of the generator2And the axial displacement x of the axial movement of the main shaft of the generator can be calculated.

Claims (10)

1. The monitoring device of the non-contact wind driven generator is characterized by comprising a laser (1), a first convergent lens (2), a reflector (3), a PSD sensor (5), a data processor and a second convergent lens (4);
the laser (1) is installed on a second plane, the second plane is parallel to a first plane on which a wind driven generator is installed, the reflector (3) is arranged on a taper face (12) of a main shaft of the generator, the first converging lens (2) is located between the laser (1) and the reflector (3), the first converging lens (2) is used for converging light beams emitted by the laser (1) onto the reflector (3), the second converging lens (4) is located between the reflector (3) and the PSD sensor (5), the second converging lens (4) is used for converging light beams reflected by the reflector (3) onto the PSD sensor (5), the PSD sensor (5) is connected with the data processor, the PSD sensor (5) can detect the horizontal displacement x ' of light spots irradiated on the PSD sensor and can send the x ' to the data processor, and the data processor can calculate the axial displacement x of axial movement of the main shaft of the generator according to the x '.
2. The monitoring device for a non-contact wind power generator according to claim 1, wherein the data processor calculates x according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0003263313060000011
wherein, theta1Is the included angle between the axial direction of the main shaft of the generator and the first plane; theta2Is the radial included angle between the reflector (3) and the main shaft of the generator.
3. Monitoring device of a non-contact wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the detection surface of the PSD sensor (5) is parallel to the first plane.
4. The monitoring device of the non-contact wind driven generator according to claim 1, wherein the data processor comprises a single chip microcomputer (9) and an a/D converter (8), the PSD sensor (5), the a/D converter (8) and the single chip microcomputer (9) are connected in sequence, x ' detected by the PSD sensor (5) is in an analog signal form, the a/D converter (8) can convert x ' in the analog signal form into a digital signal form and can transmit x ' in the digital signal form to the single chip microcomputer (9), and the single chip microcomputer (9) can receive x ' in the digital signal form and calculate x according to the x '.
5. The monitoring device of claim 1, further comprising a display, wherein the display is connected to the data processor, and the display is used for displaying x obtained by the data processor.
6. The monitoring device of the non-contact wind driven generator according to claim 1, further comprising a memory, wherein the memory is connected to the data processor and is used for storing x calculated by the single chip microcomputer (9).
7. The monitoring device of a non-contact wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the monitoring device further comprises a fiber optic transceiver (10), the fiber optic transceiver (10) being connected to the data processor.
8. The monitoring method of the non-contact wind driven generator is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, measuring an included angle theta between a main shaft of a wind driven generator and a first plane1(ii) a The reflector (3) is arranged on a taper surface (12) of a main shaft of the generator, and the radial included angle theta between the reflector (3) and the main shaft of the generator is measured2(ii) a The method comprises the steps of ensuring that a light beam emitted by a laser (1) can be converged on a reflector (3) through a first converging lens (2), and ensuring that the light beam reflected by the reflector (3) is converged on a PSD sensor (5) after passing through a second converging lens (4);
step 2, measuring theta in the step two1And theta measured in step three2Input to a data processor;
step 3, the PSD sensor (5) detects the horizontal displacement x 'of the light spot irradiated on the PSD sensor and sends the horizontal displacement x' of the light spot to the data processor, and the data processor receives the x 'and sends the x' to the data processor according to theta1、θ2And x' calculating the axial displacement x of the axial movement of the main shaft of the generator.
9. The method for monitoring a non-contact wind power generator according to claim 8, wherein the step 1 comprises the steps of:
step 1.1, placing a laser (1) on a second plane, wherein the second plane is parallel to a first plane on which a wind driven generator is placed;
step 1.2, measuring an included angle theta between a main shaft of the wind driven generator and a first plane1；
Step 1.3, installing the reflector (3) on a taper surface (12) of a main shaft of the generator, and measuring an included angle theta between the reflector (3) and the main shaft of the generator in the radial direction2；
Step 1.4, installing a first converging lens (2) corresponding to the laser (1) and the reflector (3) so that a light beam emitted by the laser (1) can be converged on the reflector (3) through the first converging lens (2);
and step 1.5, mounting a second convergent lens (4) and a PSD sensor (5), wherein the PSD sensor (5) is connected with a data processor, and adjusting the second convergent lens (4) and the PSD sensor (5) to enable the light beam reflected by the reflector (3) to converge on the PSD sensor (5) after passing through the second convergent lens (4).
10. The monitoring method of a non-contact wind power generator according to claim 8, characterized in that the seventh step further comprises the step of the data processor sending x to the display device (7) and the display device (7) displaying x.
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