CN113669175B - Low-temperature desublimated carbon capture system and method for tail gas of marine natural gas engine - Google Patents

Low-temperature desublimated carbon capture system and method for tail gas of marine natural gas engine Download PDF

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CN113669175B
CN113669175B CN202110995274.9A CN202110995274A CN113669175B CN 113669175 B CN113669175 B CN 113669175B CN 202110995274 A CN202110995274 A CN 202110995274A CN 113669175 B CN113669175 B CN 113669175B
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gas
carbon
inlet
temperature
desublimated
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CN113669175A (en
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蒋庆峰
宋肖
冯汉升
谷家扬
蒋志勇
李文娟
潘崇耀
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Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
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Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0215—Mixtures of gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Biogas; Mine gas; Landfill gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/005—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for draining or otherwise eliminating condensates or moisture accumulating in the apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/085—Sulfur or sulfur oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0857—Carbon oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/06—Apparatus for de-liquefying, e.g. by heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0237—Heat exchange integration integrating refrigeration provided for liquefaction and purification/treatment of the gas to be liquefied, e.g. heavy hydrocarbon removal from natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
    • F01N2590/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for marine vessels or naval applications
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-temperature desublimated carbon capture system and method for tail gas of a marine natural gas engine. The system comprises an LNG fuel gas supply system, a marine main engine combustion system communicated with the LNG fuel gas supply system, a carbon enrichment system communicated with the marine main engine combustion system, and a low-temperature desublimated carbon capture system communicated with the carbon enrichment system. The invention enriches over 90 percent of high-concentration carbon-containing tail gas by an alcohol amine method and combines LNG cold energy to realize over 95 percent of CO in normal-pressure tail gas 2 The device has the advantages of trapping and sealing, excellent technical feasibility and economy, low energy consumption, high safety, small occupied extra cabin space and great reduction of energy consumption and equipment investment in the tail gas treatment and carbon trapping process.

Description

Low-temperature desublimated carbon capture system and method for tail gas of marine natural gas engine
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ship tail gas and waste gas treatment, in particular to a low-temperature desublimated carbon capture system and method for tail gas of a ship natural gas engine.
Background
The problem of ship emission pollution is more and more paid attention to the world, and the limit on ship pollution discharge is more and more strict. Meanwhile, an Emission Control Area (ECA) is established at home and abroad, namely a mandatory area which is arranged in a water area around a port and must meet the emission requirement according to the requirement. Currently, it is becoming a trend to establish emission control areas, and the number of emission control areas will increase in the future. Under the background, LNG is rapidly developed as a clean energy source, and the activity level of the LNG fuel in the world energy market is higher and higher, so that the LNG fuel is directly pushed to become one of main fuels of ships, and related industries are driven to rapidly develop.
After the ship tail gas is subjected to desulfurization, denitrification and dehydration treatment, the tail gas contains a large amount of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, various hydrocarbons, oxygen, smoke particles and the like, and has complex components and huge treatment gas amount. Taking a common 4 Mo Mali engine configured for a 30-million-ton bulk cargo ship as an example, the power of a ship main engine is about 30MW without considering the power of a ship generator, and the power is reduced to CO in tail gas emission 2 The emission is about 18.6t/h, the emission of NOX is about 0.234t/h, the emission of CO is about 0.03t/h, and the emission of THC (total hydrocarbon) is about 0.018t/h. It can be seen that CO is contained in the ship exhaust 2 The emission amount is concentrated and the emission amount is huge, and CO is developed 2 The carbon emission reduction scheme taking the large-scale utilization technology as the core can bring huge carbon emission reduction potential and economic benefit. The research and application cases of Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) on ships are less, and CN109813054A in the prior art mentions that CO can be realized by using liquefied natural gas 2 Trapping and power generation. But for low carbon containing marine engine exhaust (CO) 2 <10% mole fraction), limited cabin reconstruction space, and relatively independent energy supply system and regulation standard of the hull, aiming at the purpose of carbon fixation of the ship tail gas, a proper cold source or refrigeration system needs to be searched in a ship auxiliary engine system, and a good carbon capture flow is designed to realize cold recovery and reduce energy consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in view of the problems, the invention aims to provide a low-temperature desublimated carbon capture system for tail gas of a marine natural gas engine. Another object of the invention is to provide a method of the system for carbon capture. According to the tail gas components and gas content of the marine natural gas engine, the carbon dioxide enrichment of the high carbon-containing tail gas is realized through an alcohol amine method process and the like, and further natural gas gasification is realizedProcess cold energy normal pressure solidification separation of CO 2 By low-temperature desublimation of CO 2 And (5) trapping and sealing.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a low-temperature desublimated carbon capture system for tail gas of a marine natural gas engine, which comprises an LNG (liquefied natural gas) gas supply system, a marine main engine combustion system communicated with the LNG gas supply system, a carbon enrichment system communicated with the marine main engine combustion system and a low-temperature desublimated carbon capture system communicated with the carbon enrichment system;
the LNG gas supply system comprises an LNG transfer pump, an LNG storage tank and a gas rewarming device; the marine engine combustion system comprises an air pump connected with an inlet of the marine engine main machine and an air blower connected with an outlet of the marine engine main machine; the carbon enrichment system comprises a desulfurizing tower, a lean-rich liquid heat exchanger, a desorption tower, a water cooler, a rich liquid pump, a lean liquid cooler, a gas-liquid separator and a liquid storage tank; the low-temperature carbon-desublimated capturing system comprises a first low-temperature carbon-desublimated capturing heat exchanger, a second low-temperature carbon-desublimated capturing heat exchanger and a discharge pipeline which are arranged in parallel;
an outlet of the LNG transfer pump is respectively communicated with cold fluid side inlets of the LNG storage tank, the first low-temperature desublimated carbon capture heat exchanger and the second low-temperature desublimated carbon capture heat exchanger; cold fluid side outlets of the first low-temperature carbon-desublimation capturing heat exchanger and the second low-temperature carbon-desublimation capturing heat exchanger are respectively connected with an inlet of a gas reheater, an outlet of the gas reheater is connected with an inlet of a marine engine host, an outlet of the air blower is connected with an inlet of a water cooler, an outlet of the water cooler is connected with an inlet of the desulfurizing tower, a bottom outlet of the desulfurizing tower is connected with a cold fluid side inlet of the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger through the rich liquid pump, a cold fluid side outlet of the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger is connected with a rich liquid side inlet at the top of the desorption tower, a lean liquid side outlet at the bottom of the desorption tower is connected with a hot fluid side inlet of the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger, the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger hot fluid side outlet is connected with the lean liquid cooler inlet through the lean liquid pump, the lean liquid cooler outlet pipeline is respectively connected with the discharge pipeline and the desulfurizing tower top lean liquid side inlet, the analytic tower top outlet is connected with the gas-liquid separator inlet, the bottom of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the liquid storage tank inlet, the top outlet of the gas-liquid separator is respectively connected with the first low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger and the hot fluid side inlet of the second low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger, and the hot fluid side outlets of the first low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger and the second low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger are connected with the discharge pipeline.
The discharge pipeline is respectively connected with the inlet of the first filter and the inlet of the first control valve, and the outlet of the first control valve is connected with the inlet of the dry ice storage tank.
The outlet of the LNG transfer pump is connected with the inlet of a first three-way regulating valve, and the outlet of the first three-way regulating valve is respectively connected with cold fluid side inlets of the first low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger and the second low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger; and outlets of the first low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger and the second low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger are connected with an inlet of the fuel gas rewarming device through a second three-way regulating valve.
An outlet of the LNG storage tank is connected with an inlet of the LNG transfer pump through a check valve, the LNG transfer pump is respectively connected with an inlet of a second one-way stop valve and an inlet of a second control valve through a first one-way stop valve, and an outlet of the second control valve is connected with an inlet of the first three-way regulating valve; and the outlet of the second one-way stop valve is connected with the spray nozzle.
A gas flow regulating valve is arranged between the gas rewarming device and the inlet of the marine engine main machine; and an air flow regulating valve is arranged between the outlet of the air pump and the inlet of the marine engine main machine.
The washing liquid side at the top of the desulfurizing tower is sequentially connected with a washing liquid cooler and a washing liquid pump; the outlet at the top of the analysis tower is connected with the inlet of the gas-liquid separator through a tower top gas cooler, the alcohol amine liquid supplementing pump is connected with the amine liquid side inlet at the top of the analysis tower through the liquid storage tank, and the outlet at the top of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the inlet of the dryer.
The inlet of the blower is provided with a second filter, the outlet of the blower is connected with the hot fluid side inlet of the reboiler through a third one-way stop valve, and the hot fluid side outlet of the reboiler is connected with the inlet of the water cooler through a fourth one-way stop valve; and the bottom of the desorption tower is respectively connected with a cold fluid side inlet of the reboiler and a cold fluid side outlet of the reboiler.
And a first electromagnetic flow meter is arranged on the connecting pipeline of the water cooler and the desulfurizing tower, and a second electromagnetic flow meter is arranged on the connecting pipeline of the dryer and the third three-way regulating valve.
A gas path is respectively arranged at the inlet end of the bottom of the desulfurization tower, the outlet end of the dryer and the outlet end pipeline of the first filter in a bypass mode, and the sampling gas is connected into a gas chromatography detector to detect tail gas components; a decarbonized tail gas outlet pipeline is arranged at the top of the desulfurizing tower, two gas paths are connected to the pipeline in a bypass mode, and the sampling gas is respectively connected to a sulfur dioxide gas detector and a carbon dioxide gas detector; and a rich solution outlet at the bottom of the desulfurization tower and an inlet of the barren solution pump are respectively provided with a pH value, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and turbidity comprehensive detector.
The method for carrying out carbon capture by the low-temperature desublimated carbon capture system for the tail gas of the marine natural gas engine comprises the following steps of:
step (a): LNG fuel is pumped out by the LNG transfer pump through the LNG storage tank and then enters the first three-way regulating valve, and after the pressure in the LNG storage tank is increased by partial LNG, the LNG fuel is sprayed into the LNG storage tank through the spraying nozzle to realize regulation;
step (b): according to the content of carbon dioxide gas in the exhausted residual gas, the first low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger and the second low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger are switched and used through the first three-way regulating valve and the second three-way regulating valve in a timing mode, and heat exchange between LNG and high carbon-containing tail gas is achieved;
step (c): after the heated natural gas enters the gas rewarming device for rewarming, the gas flow regulating valve regulates the air inflow and then the heated natural gas and air enter the marine engine host for combustion;
step (d): after the high-temperature tail gas passes through the second filter, the blower and the water cooler, the high-temperature tail gas enters the desulfurizing tower, wherein part of the high-temperature tail gas enters the reboiler to realize heat exchange with barren solution, and the tail gas enters a gas chromatography detector to detect tail gas components before entering the desulfurizing tower for treatment;
a step (e): acid gases such as carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide of tail gas are subjected to chemical reaction with an alcohol amine solution in the desulfurization tower, the decarbonized tail gas is discharged from a tower top layer after being detected to be qualified by a sulfur dioxide gas detector and a carbon dioxide gas detector, a rich solution at the bottom of the desulfurization tower is pumped out by a rich solution pump and then enters the lean and rich solution heat exchanger to participate in heat exchange, and then the rich solution enters the desorption tower, wherein the flow of a supplemented alcohol amine solution entering the alcohol amine solution supplementing pump is determined according to a comprehensive detector of the alcohol amine solution at a rich solution outlet at the bottom of the desulfurization tower and at an inlet of the lean solution pump according to the pH value, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and turbidity;
step (f): the high carbon-containing tail gas is separated by the gas-liquid separator and then enters the dryer for deep drying, and the high carbon-containing tail gas is accessed into a gas chromatography detector to detect each component of the tail gas;
step (g): and the high-carbon-content tail gas enters the third three-way regulating valve, the first low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger and the second low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger are switched for use, a single low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger is used for realizing cold energy exchange with LNG in a peak shifting manner, the other low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger realizes dry ice removal for switching use, the residual gas is emptied through the first filter, a gas chromatography detector is connected before emptying to detect the components of the residual gas, and the collected dry ice is stored in the dry ice storage tank.
Has the advantages that: (1) The invention abandons the mature carbon enrichment process of the alcohol amine method or the pressurized liquefaction and CO sequestration of a refrigerating machine in the prior art 2 The process is characterized in that more than 90% of high-concentration carbon-containing tail gas is enriched by an alcohol amine method aiming at actual ship tail gas components with large gas amount, low concentration and multiple components, and cold energy in the LNG gasification process is combined to realize CO in normal-pressure tail gas 2 Trapping and sealing, and has excellent technical feasibility and economical efficiency; (2) The invention only needs to treat the tail gas of the existing shipThe device is modified, for example, the original desulfurization water washing tower, a gasifier in a gas supply device, related pump valve pipe fittings and the like are modified, the construction difficulty is low, the occupied space of an additional cabin is small, and the popularization is easy; (3) The invention solves the problem that CO is realized after tail gas is pressurized in the prior art 2 The liquefaction and trapping method avoids huge energy consumption waste caused by pressurizing a large amount of tail gas through a compressor, and avoids the adoption of a high-pressure oil-gas pipeline, and the whole tail gas treatment system is maintained in a low-pressure pipeline system, so that the safety is high; (4) The invention fully considers the relatively independent energy supply system of the ship body, for example, the cold energy in the LNG gasification process is utilized to realize CO in the tail gas with high carbon content 2 The desublimation and the trapping of the alcohol amine solution can offset a large amount of heat required in the regeneration process of the alcohol amine solution by using the heat of the partially combusted tail gas, and the like, thereby greatly reducing the energy consumption and equipment investment in the tail gas treatment and carbon trapping processes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the low-temperature desublimed carbon capture system for the marine natural gas engine exhaust gas according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the low-temperature desublimated carbon capture system for marine natural gas engine exhaust according to the present invention includes an LNG fuel gas supply system 100, a marine main engine combustion system 200, a carbon enrichment system 300, and a low-temperature desublimated carbon capture system 400; the LNG gas supply system 100 mainly comprises an LNG transfer pump 101, an LNG storage tank 102 and a gas rewarming device 103, and the marine main engine combustion system 200 mainly comprises an air pump 402 connected with the inlet of the marine engine main engine 201 and a blower 203 connected with the outlet of the marine engine main engine 201; the carbon enrichment system 300 mainly includes a desulfurizing tower 301, a lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 302, a desorption tower 303, a water cooler 304, a rich liquid pump 305, a lean liquid pump 306, a lean liquid cooler 307, a gas-liquid separator 308, and a liquid storage tank 309; the low-temperature desublimated carbon capture system 400 mainly includes a first low-temperature desublimated carbon capture heat exchanger 401, a second low-temperature desublimated carbon capture heat exchanger 402, and a drain line 403, which are arranged in parallel.
In the LNG gas supply system 100, an outlet of an LNG storage tank 102 is connected with an inlet of an LNG transfer pump 101 through a check valve 104, the LNG transfer pump 101 is respectively connected with an inlet of a control valve 107 and an inlet of a second one-way check valve 106 through a first one-way check valve 105, and an outlet of the second one-way check valve 106 is connected with a spray nozzle 108. The outlet of the control valve 107 is connected with the inlet of a first three-way regulating valve 407, the outlet of the first three-way regulating valve 407 is connected with the cold fluid side inlets of a first low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger 401 and a second low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger 402 respectively, the cold fluid side outlets of the first low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger 401 and the second low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger 402 are connected with the inlet of a second three-way regulating valve 408 respectively, the outlet of the second three-way regulating valve 408 is connected with the inlet of a gas rewarming device 103, and the outlet of the gas rewarming device 103 is connected with the inlet of a marine engine main machine 201.
The marine main engine combustion system 200 further comprises an air flow regulating valve 205 and a gas flow regulating valve 204, wherein an outlet of the air pump 202 is connected with an inlet of the air flow regulating valve 205, outlets of the air flow regulating valve 205 and the gas flow regulating valve 204 are respectively connected with an inlet of the marine engine main engine 201, and an outlet of the air blower 203 is provided with a second filter 206.
The carbon enrichment system 300 further comprises a rich-washing liquid pump 305, a reboiler 317, a lean liquid pump 306, a lean liquid cooler 307, a gas-liquid separator 308, a liquid storage tank 309, a washing liquid cooler 310, a washing liquid pump 311, a top gas cooler 312, an alcohol amine make-up liquid pump 313 and a dryer 314, wherein an outlet of the marine engine host 201 is connected with an inlet of the blower 203 through the second filter 206, an outlet of the blower 203 is connected with an inlet of the water cooler 304, a bottom outlet of the desulfurization tower 301 is connected with a cold fluid side inlet of the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 302 through the rich liquid pump 305, a cold fluid side outlet of the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 302 is connected with a top rich liquid side inlet of the desorption tower 303, a bottom of the desorption tower 303 is connected with a cold fluid side outlet of the reboiler 317, a bottom lean liquid side outlet of the desorption tower is connected with a hot fluid side inlet of the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 302, a cold fluid side outlet of the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 302 is connected with an inlet of the lean liquid cooler 307 through the lean liquid pump 306, a pipeline of the lean liquid cooler 307, a part of the outlet of the lean liquid cooler 307 is discharged, another part is connected with a top inlet of the top of the desulfurization tower 301, a top lean liquid side inlet of the desulfurization tower 301, a top washing liquid pump 310 is connected with the washing liquid pump 308, a top gas-liquid pump 308 is connected with the top gas-liquid separator 309, a top gas cooler 308, a top gas inlet of the top gas cooler 308 is connected with the top gas liquid pump 309, and a top gas-liquid storage tank 309, and a top gas-liquid pump 314, and a top gas-liquid separator 309, and a top gas-liquid pump 314; the outlet of the blower 203 is connected with the hot fluid side inlet of the reboiler 317 through the third one-way stop valve 315, the hot fluid side outlet of the reboiler 317 is connected with the inlet of the water cooler 304 through the fourth one-way stop valve 316, and a large amount of heat required in the regeneration process of the alcohol amine solution is offset by using the heat of the partially combusted tail gas.
The low-temperature carbon sublimation capturing system 400 further comprises a third three-way regulating valve 409 connected with hot fluid side inlets of the first low-temperature carbon sublimation capturing heat exchanger 401 and the second low-temperature carbon sublimation capturing heat exchanger 402 and a discharge pipeline 403 connected with hot side outlets of the first low-temperature carbon sublimation capturing heat exchanger 401 and the second low-temperature carbon sublimation capturing heat exchanger 402, the discharge pipeline 403 is respectively connected with inlets of the first filter 404 and the first control valve 405, an outlet of the first control valve 405 is connected with an inlet of the dry ice storage tank 406, high-carbon-content tail gas is sent into the first low-temperature carbon sublimation capturing heat exchanger 401 and the second low-temperature carbon sublimation capturing heat exchanger 402 through the third three-way regulating valve 409, in the carbon capture process, the two low-temperature carbon sublimation capturing heat exchangers can be switched to use, the purpose that the single low-temperature carbon sublimation capturing heat exchanger is used for realizing cold exchange with LNG by staggering peaks, and the other low-temperature carbon sublimation capturing heat exchanger realizes the function of removing dry ice for switching use.
The water cooler 304 is provided with a first electromagnetic flow meter 318 on the connecting pipeline with the desulfurizing tower 301, the drier 314 is provided with a second electromagnetic flow meter 319 on the connecting pipeline with a third three-way regulating valve 409, a gas path is respectively arranged at the inlet end of the bottom of the desulfurizing tower 301 and the outlet end pipeline of the drier 314 in a bypass mode, the sampling gas is connected into a gas chromatography detector for detecting tail gas components, and the arrangement of a measuring instrument can be used for monitoring the tail gas treatment capacity and regulating the operation power of the system.
The top of the desulfurizing tower 20 is provided with a decarbonization tail gas outlet pipeline, a bypass is connected with two gas paths on the pipeline, and the sampling gas is respectively connected into a sulfur dioxide gas detector and a carbon dioxide gas detector for detecting whether the decarbonization tail gas reaches the emission standard or not.
Comprehensive detectors of pH value, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and turbidity are respectively arranged at a rich solution outlet at the bottom of the desulfurizing tower 301 and an inlet of the barren solution pump 306 and are used for monitoring various indexes of the alcohol amine solution and timely achieving liquid supplementing or discharging operation.
A bypass gas branch circuit is arranged at the outlet of the first filter 404, and the sampling gas is connected to a carbon dioxide gas detector for monitoring CO in the residual gas 2 And the content is controlled, and the switching use frequency of the two low-temperature desublimated carbon capture heat exchangers is adjusted in a feedback mode.
In fig. 1, T is a temperature sensor, P is a pressure sensor, D is a gas chromatography detector, S is a sulfur dioxide gas detector, C is a carbon dioxide gas detector, and M is a ph, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and turbidity comprehensive detector.
The low-temperature desublimed carbon capture method for the tail gas of the marine natural gas engine comprises the following steps of:
step (a): the LNG fuel is pumped out by an LNG transfer pump 103 through an LNG storage tank 102 and then enters a first three-way regulating valve 407, wherein the pressure in the LNG storage tank 102 cabin is pressurized by part of LNG and then sprayed into the cabin through a spray nozzle 108 to realize regulation;
step (b): according to the content of carbon dioxide gas in the exhausted residual gas, the first low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger 401 and the second low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger 402 are switched and used by the first three-way regulating valve 407 and the second three-way regulating valve 408 at regular time, so that the heat exchange between the LNG and the high carbon-containing tail gas is realized;
step (c): the heated natural gas enters the gas rewarming device 103 for rewarming, and enters the marine engine main machine 201 with air after the air inflow is adjusted by the gas flow adjusting valve 204 for combustion;
step (d): the high-temperature tail gas after combustion enters the desulfurizing tower 301 after passing through the second filter 206, the blower 203 and the water cooler 304, wherein part of the high-temperature tail gas enters the reboiler 317 to realize heat exchange with the barren solution, and the tail gas is connected to a gas chromatography detector to detect tail gas components before entering the desulfurizing tower 301 for measuring and controlling the processing capacity of a subsequent alcohol amine method carbon enrichment system and a low-temperature desublimated carbon capture system;
a step (e): acid gases such as carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide of tail gas chemically react with alcohol amine solution in a desulfurizing tower 301, the decarbonized tail gas is discharged from a tower top layer after being detected to be qualified by a sulfur dioxide gas detector and a carbon dioxide gas detector, a rich solution at the bottom of the tower is pumped out by a rich solution pump 305 and then enters a lean and rich solution heat exchanger 302 to participate in heat exchange, and then enters an analytical tower 303, wherein the flow of a supplementary alcohol amine solution entering an alcohol amine make-up pump 313 is determined according to the comprehensive detectors of the pH value, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and turbidity of the alcohol amine solution at a rich solution outlet at the bottom of the desulfurizing tower 301 and an inlet of a lean solution pump 306;
step (f): the high carbon-containing tail gas is separated by the gas-liquid separator 308 and then enters the dryer 314 for deep drying, and the high carbon-containing tail gas is accessed into a gas chromatography detector for detecting each component of the tail gas;
a step (g): the high carbon-containing tail gas enters a third three-way regulating valve 409, a first low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger 401 and a second low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger 402 are switched to use, a single low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger is used for realizing cold energy exchange with LNG in a peak shifting mode, the other low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger realizes dry ice removal for switching to use, the residual air is emptied through a first filter 404, a gas chromatography detector is connected to detect components of the residual air before emptying, and the collected dry ice is stored in a dry ice storage tank 406.
The following is described in connection with one embodiment:
taking a MAN B & W7G 80ME-C9.5 engine mounted on a VLCC ship as an example, the power: 24.2MW, exhaust gas amount after combustion by the marine engine main unit 201: 145200kg/h, discharge pressure 1.06bar via supercharger expansion end outlet, discharge gas temperature: the gas composition is shown in Table 1 at 230 ℃. After being cooled by a water cooler 304, the tail gas of the ship is cooled to 40 ℃,130051kg/h, 1.02bar and 40 ℃ and is discharged from the top of a desulfurizing tower 301 after being monitored by a sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide gas detector for low concentration, the gas at the top of the tower, which is 15963kg/h, 1.4bar and 98 ℃, is discharged from an analytical tower 303, and enters a gas-liquid separator 308 after being cooled by a gas cooler 312 at the top of the tower, wherein the high carbon-containing tail gas of 8869kg/h, 1.4bar and 40 ℃ enters a dryer 314 for deep drying, then the content of the carbon dioxide gas in the emptied residual gas is monitored to be less than 5%, a third three-way regulating valve 409 is expected to be switched every hour, and a first low-temperature carbon-condensed capturing heat exchanger 401 and a second low-temperature carbon-capturing heat exchanger 402 which are arranged in parallel with LNG at 3307kg/h, 300bar and-162 ℃ in an LNG gas supply system, the high carbon-containing tail gas is cooled to-79 ℃ and separated out, and is stored in a dry ice storage tank at a capturing rate of 8426kg/h and 1.4 bar.
TABLE 1 MAN B and W7 G80ME-C9.5 Engine exhaust gas composition
Composition (I) Volume fraction of% Mass fraction of% Discharge t/h per unit time
N 2 77.1 75.486 109.606
CO 2 4.5 6.787 9.854
H 2 O 4.66 3.647 5.296
SO 2 20ppm / /
O 2 12.59 14.080 20.445
Total amount of flue gas 98.85 100 145.2
The invention enriches more than 90% of high-concentration carbon-containing tail gas by an alcohol amine method, and realizes more than 95% of CO in normal-pressure tail gas by combining cold energy in the LNG gasification process 2 Trapping and sealing, and has excellent technical feasibility and economical efficiency; the proposed process only needs to modify the existing ship tail gas treatment device, such as modifying the original desulfurization water washing tower, a gasifier in a gas supply device, related pump valve pipe fittings and the like, and has the advantages of low construction difficulty, small occupation of extra cabin space and easy popularization; abandons the realization of CO after the tail gas is pressurized in the prior art 2 The liquefaction and trapping method avoids huge energy consumption waste caused by pressurizing a large amount of tail gas through a compressor, and avoids the adoption of a high-pressure oil-gas pipeline, and the whole tail gas treatment system is maintained in a low-pressure pipeline system, so that the safety is high; fully considers the relatively independent energy supply system of the ship body, for example, the cold energy in the LNG gasification process is utilized to realize CO in the tail gas with high carbon content 2 The desublimation and the trapping of the alcohol amine solution can offset a large amount of heat required in the regeneration process of the alcohol amine solution by using the heat of the partially combusted tail gas, and the like, thereby greatly reducing the energy consumption and equipment investment in the tail gas treatment and carbon trapping processes.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (5)

1. The method for carrying out carbon capture by using the low-temperature desublimated carbon capture system for the tail gas of the marine natural gas engine is characterized by comprising an LNG (liquefied natural gas) gas supply system (100), a marine main engine combustion system (200) communicated with the LNG gas supply system (100), a carbon enrichment system (300) communicated with the marine main engine combustion system (200) and a low-temperature desublimated carbon capture system (400) communicated with the carbon enrichment system (300); the LNG fuel gas supply system (100) comprises an LNG transfer pump (101), an LNG storage tank (102) and a fuel gas rewarming device (103); the marine main engine combustion system (200) comprises an air pump (202) connected with an inlet of a marine engine main engine (201) and a blower (203) connected with an outlet of the marine engine main engine (201), and a gas flow regulating valve (204) is arranged between the gas rewarming device (103) and the inlet of the marine engine main engine (201); an air flow regulating valve (205) is arranged between the outlet of the air pump (202) and the inlet of the marine engine main machine (201), and a second filter (206) is arranged at the inlet of the blower (203); the carbon enrichment system (300) comprises a desulfurizing tower (301), a lean-rich liquid heat exchanger (302), a desorption tower (303), a water cooler (304), a rich liquid pump (305), a lean liquid pump (306), a lean liquid cooler (307), a gas-liquid separator (308) and a liquid storage tank (309); the low-temperature desublimated carbon capture system (400) comprises a first low-temperature desublimated carbon capture heat exchanger (401), a second low-temperature desublimated carbon capture heat exchanger (402) and a discharge pipeline (403) which are arranged in parallel;
the outlets of the LNG transfer pump (101) are respectively communicated with cold fluid side inlets of the LNG storage tank (102), the first low-temperature desublimated carbon capture heat exchanger (401) and the second low-temperature desublimated carbon capture heat exchanger (402); an outlet of the LNG transfer pump (101) is connected with an inlet of a first three-way regulating valve (407), and outlets of the first three-way regulating valve (407) are respectively connected with cold fluid side inlets of the first low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger (401) and the second low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger (402); outlets of the first low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger (401) and the second low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger (402) are connected with an inlet of the fuel gas rewarming device (103) through a second three-way regulating valve (408); cold fluid side outlets of the first low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger (401) and the second low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger (402) are respectively connected with an inlet of the gas rewarming device (103), an outlet of the gas rewarming device (103) is connected with an inlet of a marine engine main unit (201), an outlet of the air blower (203) is connected with an inlet of the water cooler (304), an outlet of the water cooler (304) is connected with an inlet of the desulfurizing tower (301), a bottom outlet of the desulfurizing tower (301) is connected with a cold fluid side inlet of the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger (302) through the rich liquid pump (305), and a cold fluid side outlet of the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger (302) is connected with a top rich liquid side inlet of the desorption tower (303), the lean solution side outlet at the bottom of the desorption tower (303) is connected with the hot fluid side inlet of the lean and rich solution heat exchanger (302), the hot fluid side outlet of the lean and rich solution heat exchanger (302) is connected with the inlet of the lean solution cooler (307) through the lean solution pump (306), the outlet pipeline of the lean solution cooler (307) is respectively connected with a discharge pipeline and the lean solution side inlet at the top of the desulfurization tower (301), the outlet at the top of the desorption tower (303) is connected with the inlet of the gas-liquid separator (308), the bottom of the gas-liquid separator (308) is connected with the inlet of the liquid storage tank (309), and the alcohol amine liquid supplementing pump (313) is connected with the amine liquid side inlet at the top of the desorption tower (303) through the liquid storage tank (309) The top outlets of the gas-liquid separator (308) are respectively connected with hot fluid side inlets of the first low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger (401) and the second low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger (402), hot fluid side outlets of the first low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger (401) and the second low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger (402) are connected with the discharge pipeline (403), the discharge pipeline (403) is respectively connected with an inlet of a first filter (404) and an inlet of a first control valve (405), and an outlet of the first control valve (405) is connected with an inlet of a dry ice storage tank (406);
the outlet of the blower (203) is connected with the hot fluid side inlet of a reboiler (317) through a third one-way stop valve (315), and the hot fluid side outlet of the reboiler (317) is connected with the inlet of the water cooler (304) through a fourth one-way stop valve (316); the bottom of the desorption tower (303) is respectively connected with a cold fluid side inlet of the reboiler (317) and a cold fluid side outlet of the reboiler (317);
the method of carbon capture comprises the steps of:
step (a): LNG fuel is pumped out by the LNG transfer pump (101) through the LNG storage tank (102) and then enters the first three-way regulating valve (407), and the pressure in the LNG storage tank (102) is increased by partial LNG and then is sprayed into the LNG storage tank through a spraying nozzle (108) to realize regulation;
step (b): according to the content of carbon dioxide gas in the exhausted residual gas, the first low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger (401) and the second low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger (402) are switched and used through the first three-way regulating valve (407) and the second three-way regulating valve (408) at regular time, so that the heat exchange of LNG and the high-carbon-content tail gas is realized;
step (c): after the heated natural gas enters the gas rewarming device (103) for rewarming, the gas flow regulating valve (204) regulates the air inflow and then the heated natural gas and air enter the marine engine host (201) for combustion;
step (d): after combustion, the high-temperature tail gas enters the desulfurizing tower (301) after passing through the second filter (206), the blower (203) and the water cooler (304), wherein part of the high-temperature tail gas enters the reboiler (317) to realize heat exchange with a barren solution, and the tail gas enters the desulfurizing tower (301) before being treated and is connected to a gas chromatography detector to detect tail gas components;
a step (e): acid gas of tail gas and alcohol amine solution are subjected to chemical reaction in the desulfurizing tower (301), the decarbonized tail gas is discharged from a tower top layer after being detected to be qualified by a sulfur dioxide gas detector and a carbon dioxide gas detector, rich liquor at the bottom of the desulfurizing tower (301) is pumped out by the rich liquor pump (305) and then enters the lean-rich liquor heat exchanger (302) to participate in heat exchange, and then enters the desorption tower (303), wherein the flow of the supplemented alcohol amine solution entering the alcohol amine solution supplementing pump (313) is determined according to the comprehensive detectors of the acid-base value, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and turbidity of the alcohol amine solution at the outlet of the rich liquor at the bottom of the desulfurizing tower (301) and the inlet of the lean liquor pump (306);
step (f): the high carbon-containing tail gas is separated by the gas-liquid separator (308), then enters a dryer (314) for deep drying, and is connected to a gas chromatography detector for detecting each component of the tail gas;
step (g): and the high carbon-containing tail gas enters a third three-way regulating valve (409) and is switched to use the first low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger (401) and the second low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger (402), a single low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger is used for realizing cold exchange with LNG in a peak shifting manner, the other low-temperature desublimated carbon capturing heat exchanger realizes dry ice removal for switching use, the residual air is emptied through the first filter (404), a gas chromatography detector is connected to detect the components of the residual air before emptying, and the collected dry ice is stored in the dry ice storage tank (406).
2. The method of carbon capture according to claim 1, wherein the outlet of the LNG storage tank (102) is connected to the LNG transfer pump (101) inlet through a check valve (104), the LNG transfer pump (101) is connected to a second one-way stop valve (106) inlet and a second control valve (107) inlet through a first one-way stop valve (105), respectively, and the outlet of the second control valve (107) is connected to the inlet of the first three-way regulating valve (407); the outlet of the second one-way stop valve (106) is connected with a spray nozzle (108).
3. The method of carbon capture according to claim 2, wherein the desulfurization tower (301) is connected on the top wash side in turn to a wash liquid cooler (310) and a wash liquid pump (311); the outlet at the top of the desorption tower (303) is connected with the inlet of the gas-liquid separator (308) through an overhead gas cooler (312), and the outlet at the top of the gas-liquid separator (308) is connected with the inlet of a drier (314).
4. The carbon capture method according to claim 3, characterized in that a first electromagnetic flow meter (318) is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the water cooler (304) and the desulfurizing tower (301), and a second electromagnetic flow meter (319) is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the dryer (314) and a third three-way regulating valve (409).
5. The carbon capture method according to claim 4, wherein a gas path is arranged at each of the inlet end at the bottom of the desulfurization tower (301), the outlet end of the dryer (314) and the outlet end of the first filter (404) in a bypass manner, and a sampling gas is connected to a gas chromatography detector for detecting tail gas components; a decarbonized tail gas outlet pipeline is arranged at the top of the desulfurizing tower (301), two gas paths are connected to the pipeline in a bypass mode, and the sampling gas is respectively connected to a sulfur dioxide gas detector and a carbon dioxide gas detector; and a rich solution outlet at the bottom of the desulfurizing tower (301) and an inlet of the barren solution pump (306) are respectively provided with a comprehensive detector for pH value, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and turbidity.
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