CN113666490A - Method for degrading chromium in surface water of tailing pond by activated sludge - Google Patents
Method for degrading chromium in surface water of tailing pond by activated sludge Download PDFInfo
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- CN113666490A CN113666490A CN202111135133.6A CN202111135133A CN113666490A CN 113666490 A CN113666490 A CN 113666490A CN 202111135133 A CN202111135133 A CN 202111135133A CN 113666490 A CN113666490 A CN 113666490A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
- C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
- C02F3/1268—Membrane bioreactor systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/3103—Atomic absorption analysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
- C02F2101/22—Chromium or chromium compounds, e.g. chromates
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- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
A method for degrading chromium in surface water of a tailing pond by activated sludge is a technology for degrading chromium in surface water. The process mainly comprises the following steps: firstly, water sample collection and pretreatment are carried out, then the content of chromium in the water sample is measured by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and finally the treatment effect of degrading the chromium in the surface water by the activated sludge is researched by a control variable method. The activated sludge is used for degrading the chromium in the surface water, so that the defects of long treatment period by a physical method, high separation difficulty of an adsorbent, high treatment cost by a chemical method, easiness in secondary pollution and the like are overcome, and meanwhile, the activated sludge has the advantages of wide source, low cost, high efficiency and the like. In addition, the activated sludge is used as waste residue discharged by sewage plants, is used for degrading heavy metal chromium in surface water, can treat waste by using waste, and has certain practicability. Meanwhile, the method has small secondary pollution in the aspect of degrading heavy metals in surface water, has good popularization potential, and has certain economic, social and environmental benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and relates to a method for degrading heavy metal chromium in surface water, in particular to a method for degrading chromium in surface water of a tailing pond by activated sludge.
Background
Mineral resources are one of the main resources for social development and are also important components for human survival and social and economic development. In recent years, along with the vigorous development of construction, military industry and manufacturing industry, the demand of China for metal minerals is increased suddenly, and the ore mining amount is also greatly improved. In addition to ore, a large amount of waste residues are generated in the mining process, and most of the waste residues are stockpiled in a tailing pond for a long time because the waste residues are not high in economic value. The tailing pile is acted by rainwater and wind for a long time, so that part of heavy metal in the waste residue enters rivers through surface runoff, and the surrounding environment and the health of residents are harmed.
Cr is one of the common heavy metal pollutants in surface water of a tailing pond, and the existing form of Cr is mainly Cr in the natural environment6+And Cr3+， Cr3+Is not easy to enter human body, has low toxicity to human body when being taken in a small amount, and Cr6+Most of the ionic liquid is dissolved in water in an ionic form, has stable property and strong toxicity, and is easy to be absorbed by human bodies. The chromium salt can be absorbed by human body through skin, respiratory tract and other ways, thereby causing dermatitis, eczema and even causing gene mutation, and having carcinogenic risk. The chromium salt entering the environment can cause harm to the ecological system and seriously pollute the ecological environment.
The summary of research data in recent years shows that the current methods for degrading chromium in surface water of tailing areas are widely used as follows: chemical method and physical method. However, the above methods still have many drawbacks: the chemical method has higher treatment cost, and simultaneously, new toxic substances can be brought in, thereby causing secondary pollution to the environment; the physical method has long treatment period, the separation difficulty of the solid adsorbent at the later stage is high, the total cost is higher than that of the chemical method, and the treatment effect is not obvious.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of a physical method and a chemical method in degrading chromium in surface water of a tailing pond, and provides a method for degrading chromium in surface water of a tailing pond by activated sludge. Researches on chemical structures and component characteristics of the non-biological active microorganisms show that the non-biological active microorganisms can be used for treating chromium-containing surface water with lower concentration, and cheap materials such as activated sludge and the like are fully utilized in the treatment process.
A method for removing chromium in surface water of a tailing pond by activated sludge comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of water sample collection and pretreatment, preparation of a sampling bottle and a sampler in advance, printing of a label and a sampling list, and guarantee of cleanness and no pollution of the sampling bottle. In the sampling process, sampling work must be carried out according to sampling specifications, a sampler and a sampling bottle are correctly used, and 1L of surface water is taken and brought back. After the water sample brought back passes through a 0.45-micron filter membrane, sealing the filter membrane, and then storing the filter membrane in an environment at 4 ℃ to be tested;
step two: analyzing heavy metal chromium in a water sample, and determining by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer;
step three: the treatment effect of the activated sludge on the degradation of chromium in surface water is researched by controlling variables such as temperature, the using amount of the activated sludge and the like.
Preferably, in the method for degrading chromium in surface water of the tailing pond by using activated sludge, water sample collection and pretreatment in the first step are carried out, and 1L of surface water is taken by using a collector and a collection bottle and is brought back; then the mixture is sealed and placed in an environment with the temperature of 4 ℃ after passing through a filter membrane with the diameter of 0.45 mu m for storage and detection.
Preferably, in the second step, an atomic absorption spectrophotometer is used to determine the heavy metal chromium in the water sample.
Preferably, in the method for degrading chromium in surface water of the tailing pond by using activated sludge, activated sludge obtained from a sewage treatment plant in Jilin province in the third step is air-dried and ground, and is sieved by a 60-mesh sieve for later use.
Preferably, in the method for degrading chromium in surface water of the tailing pond by using the activated sludge, 6 conical flasks are taken in the experiment in the third step, 100mL of water sample is added into each conical flask for numbering, 3 conical flasks are taken, 1.2g of activated sludge is added into each conical flask, and the reaction is carried out at different temperatures; and (3) adding activated sludge with different dosages into 3 conical flasks respectively, reacting at the temperature of 20 ℃, stirring at the stirring speed of 200-300 r/min for 20min, centrifuging to obtain supernate, measuring the content of heavy metal chromium in the supernate, and calculating the adsorption capacity and the removal rate of the heavy metal chromium.
Preferably, in the above method for degrading chromium in surface water of a tailing pond by activated sludge, the formula for calculating the chromium removal amount per unit mass of activated sludge in the third step is as follows:
in the formula A2The adsorption quantity (mg.g) of the activated sludge to the chromium-1）；C0The chromium concentration in the initial solution (mg. L)-1）；C2The chromium concentration after contact (mg. L)-1) (ii) a V is the solution volume (L); m is the adding mass (g) of the activated sludge.
Preferably, in the above method for degrading chromium in surface water of a tailing pond by using activated sludge, the calculation formula of the chromium removal rate in the third step is as follows:
in the formula E2The removal rate of the activated sludge to chromium is shown; c0The concentration of chromium in the initial solution (mg. L)-1）；C2The concentration of chromium after contact (mg. L)-1）。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the activated sludge in the invention has wide source, low cost and high efficiency;
(2) the invention has the advantages of small secondary pollution, strong practicability and wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for degrading chromium in surface water of a tailing pond by activated sludge.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention.
The method comprises the following steps: water sample collection and pretreatment: preparing a sampling bottle and a sampler in advance, printing a label and a sampling list, and ensuring that the sampling bottle is clean and free from pollution. In the sampling process, sampling work must be carried out according to sampling specifications, a sampler and a sampling bottle are correctly used, and 1L of surface water is taken and brought back. And (3) filtering the water sample with the return water through a 0.45-micrometer filter membrane, sealing, and storing at 4 ℃ to be tested.
Step two: and (3) analyzing heavy metal chromium in the water sample, and determining by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
Step three: in the experiment, 6 conical flasks are respectively added with 100mL of water sample for numbering, 3 conical flasks are respectively added with 1.2g of activated sludge for reaction at different temperatures; and (3) adding activated sludge with different dosages into 3 conical flasks respectively, reacting at the temperature of 20 ℃, stirring at the stirring speed of 200-300 r/min for 20min, centrifuging to obtain supernatant, measuring the content of heavy metal chromium in the supernatant, and calculating the adsorption amount and removal rate of the heavy metal chromium, thereby obtaining the treatment effect of the activated sludge on the chromium in the degraded surface water.
Main materials of experimental part
Activated sludge: is taken from a certain sewage treatment plant in Jilin province, is air-dried and ground, and is sieved by a 60-mesh sieve for later use.
Experimental part instrument
A 250mL conical flask, a measuring cylinder, an analytical balance, a constant temperature water bath, a variable speed stirrer and a thermometer.
Experimental partial correlation calculations
The formula for calculating the chromium removal amount by unit mass of activated sludge is as follows:
in the formula A2The adsorption quantity (mg.g) of the activated sludge to the chromium-1）；C0The chromium concentration in the initial solution (mg. L)-1）；C2The chromium concentration after contact (mg. L)-1) (ii) a V is the solution volume (L); m is the adding mass (g) of the activated sludge.
The formula for calculating the chromium removal rate is as follows:
in the formula E2Removal rate of chromium for activated sludge；C0The concentration of chromium in the initial solution (mg. L)-1）；C2The concentration of chromium after contact (mg. L)-1）。
The experimental method comprises the following steps:
the method researches the treatment effect of the activated sludge on the chromium in the surface water by a controlled variable method, and the factors influencing the treatment effect of the activated sludge on degrading the chromium in the surface water comprise: temperature, activated sludge dosage.
The influence of temperature.
Example 1:
1 washed and dried 250mL Erlenmeyer flask is taken, 100mL water sample is removed, and the sample is marked as No. 1 Erlenmeyer flask. Adding 1.2g of activated sludge into a No. 1 conical flask, placing the conical flask in a thermostat water bath preheated to 10 ℃, stirring for 20min at a stirring speed of 200-300 r/min, centrifuging to obtain a supernatant, measuring the content of chromium in the supernatant, and recording related data.
Example 2:
1 washed and dried 250mL Erlenmeyer flask is taken, 100mL water sample is removed, and the sample is marked as No. 2 Erlenmeyer flask. Adding 1.2g of activated sludge into a No. 2 conical flask, placing the conical flask in a thermostat water bath preheated to 20 ℃, stirring for 20min at a stirring speed of 200-300 r/min, centrifuging to obtain a supernatant, measuring the content of chromium in the supernatant, and recording related data.
Example 3:
1 washed and dried 250mL Erlenmeyer flask is taken, 100mL water sample is removed, and the sample is marked as No. 3 Erlenmeyer flask. Adding 1.2g of activated sludge into a No. 3 conical flask, placing the conical flask in a thermostat water bath preheated to 40 ℃, stirring for 20min at a stirring speed of 200-300 r/min, centrifuging to obtain a supernatant, measuring the content of chromium in the supernatant, and recording related data.
The influence of the amount of biochemical sludge.
Example 1:
1 washed and dried 250mL Erlenmeyer flask is taken, 100mL water sample is removed, and the sample is marked as No. 4 Erlenmeyer flask. Adding 0.8g of activated sludge into a No. 4 conical flask, placing the conical flask in a thermostat water bath preheated to 20 ℃, stirring the mixture for 20min at a stirring speed of 200-300 r/min, centrifuging the mixture to obtain a supernatant, measuring the content of chromium in the supernatant, and recording related data.
Example 2:
1 washed and dried 250mL Erlenmeyer flask is taken, 100mL water sample is removed, and the sample is marked as No. 5 Erlenmeyer flask. Adding 1.2g of activated sludge into a No. 5 conical flask, placing the flask in a thermostat water bath preheated to 20 ℃, stirring the flask at a stirring speed of 200-300 r/min for 20min, centrifuging the flask to obtain a supernatant, measuring the content of chromium in the supernatant, and recording related data.
Example 3:
1 washed and dried 250mL Erlenmeyer flask is taken, 100mL water sample is removed, and the sample is marked as No. 6 Erlenmeyer flask. Adding 1.6g of activated sludge into a No. 6 conical flask, placing the conical flask in a thermostat water bath preheated to 20 ℃, stirring the mixture for 20min at a stirring speed of 200-300 r/min, centrifuging the mixture to obtain a supernatant, measuring the content of chromium in the supernatant, and recording related data.
And (5) result and analysis.
The influence of temperature.
The temperature was controlled with a water bath and measured experimentally, the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Effect of temperature on chromium removal
The experimental results show that: the temperature is within the range of 10-40 ℃, the removal rate of the activated sludge to chromium in surface water can be over 50 percent, and therefore, the experiment can be carried out at room temperature selectively.
Influence of the amount of activated sludge.
The operation was carried out according to the experimental method, only the amount of activated sludge was changed, and the experimental results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 influence of the amount of activated sludge on the dechromization effect
The experimental results show that: the removal rate of chromium is gradually increased along with the increase of the using amount of the activated sludge, when the using amount of the activated sludge is more than 1.2g, the removal rate of the activated sludge on the chromium in the surface water can be more than 50%, the adsorption amount of the activated sludge on the chromium is the same, and in order to ensure a better treatment effect, the using amount of the activated sludge is 1.2 g.
The foregoing description of the embodiments is provided to aid in the explanation of the invention, and modifications to the embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described in the specification, and improvements and modifications of the present invention should be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for degrading chromium in surface water of a tailing pond by activated sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of collecting and pretreating a water sample, determining the content of heavy metal chromium in the water sample, and researching the treatment effect of the activated sludge on degrading chromium in surface water of a tailing pond.
2. The method for degrading chromium in surface water of the tailing pond by using activated sludge according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: sampling according to sampling specifications, correctly using a collector and a sampling bottle, taking 1L of surface water, and bringing back; and (3) filtering the water sample with the return water through a 0.45-micron filter membrane, sealing and storing in an environment at 4 ℃ to be detected.
3. The method for degrading chromium in surface water of the tailing pond by using activated sludge according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and the water sample utilizes an atomic absorption spectrophotometer to determine the content of heavy metal chromium in the water sample.
4. The method for degrading chromium in surface water of the tailing pond by using activated sludge according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant of Jilin province is air-dried and ground, and is sieved by a 60-mesh sieve for later use.
5. The method for degrading chromium in surface water of the tailing pond by using activated sludge according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the experiment, 6 conical flasks are respectively added with 100mL of water sample for numbering, 3 conical flasks are respectively added with 1.2g of activated sludge for reaction at different temperatures; and (3) adding activated sludge with different dosages into 3 conical flasks respectively, reacting at the temperature of 20 ℃, stirring at the stirring speed of 200-300 r/min for 20min, centrifuging to obtain supernate, measuring the content of heavy metal chromium in the supernate, and calculating the adsorption capacity and the removal rate of the heavy metal chromium.
6. The method for degrading chromium in surface water of the tailing pond by using activated sludge according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the formula for calculating the chromium removal amount of the activated sludge per unit mass is as follows:
in the formula A2The adsorption quantity (mg.g) of the activated sludge to the chromium-1）；C0The chromium concentration in the initial solution (mg. L)-1）；C2The chromium concentration after contact (mg. L)-1) (ii) a V is the solution volume (L); m is the adding mass (g) of the activated sludge.
7. The method for degrading chromium in surface water of the tailing pond by using activated sludge according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the formula for calculating the chromium removal rate is as follows:
in the formula E2The removal rate of the activated sludge to chromium is shown; c0The chromium concentration (mg. L) in the initial solution-1）；C2As the chromium concentration after contact (mg. L)-1）。
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101058453A (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2007-10-24 | 同济大学 | Method of eliminating hexavalent chromium in sewage by using active sludge microorganism |
| CN101519241A (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2009-09-02 | 同济大学 | Method for deoxidizing hexavalent chromium in wastewater by using sludge |
| CN104528930A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-04-22 | 太原工业学院 | Method for degrading organic chromium in dirt water through microorganism immobilization method |
| CN108439610A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-08-24 | 大连理工大学 | A method of strengthening Cr (VI) biological wastewater treatment using sludge lysate |
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2021
- 2021-09-27 CN CN202111135133.6A patent/CN113666490A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101058453A (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2007-10-24 | 同济大学 | Method of eliminating hexavalent chromium in sewage by using active sludge microorganism |
| CN101519241A (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2009-09-02 | 同济大学 | Method for deoxidizing hexavalent chromium in wastewater by using sludge |
| CN104528930A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-04-22 | 太原工业学院 | Method for degrading organic chromium in dirt water through microorganism immobilization method |
| CN108439610A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-08-24 | 大连理工大学 | A method of strengthening Cr (VI) biological wastewater treatment using sludge lysate |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 聂为超 等: "活性污泥对含铬废水的吸附处理研究", 《安徽农业科学》 * |
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Application publication date: 20211119 |