CN113665517B - Automobile bumper using gradient foam aluminum - Google Patents
Automobile bumper using gradient foam aluminum Download PDFInfo
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- CN113665517B CN113665517B CN202010403460.4A CN202010403460A CN113665517B CN 113665517 B CN113665517 B CN 113665517B CN 202010403460 A CN202010403460 A CN 202010403460A CN 113665517 B CN113665517 B CN 113665517B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
- B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
- B60R19/22—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact containing mainly cellular material, e.g. solid foam
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
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Abstract
The utility model relates to the field of automobiles, in particular to an automobile bumper using gradient foam aluminum, which comprises a bumper shell, a buffering energy-absorbing layer and a bumper framework, wherein the buffering energy-absorbing layer comprises a composite foam material layer and a foam aluminum filling pipe; the composite foam material layer comprises an outer pure foam aluminum layer, a carbon nano tube reinforced foam aluminum-based composite material layer and an inner pure foam aluminum layer which are sequentially arranged along the direction close to the vehicle body; the foam aluminum filling pipe consists of a foam aluminum in-situ filling thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe with density gradient change. The buffering and energy absorbing layer adopts the component gradient composite foam material consisting of the pure foam aluminum layer and the carbon nano tube reinforced foam aluminum-based composite material layer, and provides good buffering and energy absorbing capacity through layer-by-layer crushing, so that the anti-collision performance of the bumper structure is effectively improved; meanwhile, the foam aluminum filling pipe can provide stronger energy absorption capability and stability under oblique impact at a high impact speed, reduce impact force applied to an automobile when the automobile is impacted, and protect the safety of the automobile to the greatest extent.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of automobiles, in particular to an automobile bumper using gradient foam aluminum.
Background
The foamed aluminum is a novel porous metal material, and has the characteristics of metal and foam due to the spatial structural characteristics, and compared with the traditional metal material, the foamed aluminum has the advantages of light weight, high specific strength and specific rigidity, good impact energy absorption capability, good damping performance and the like. Meanwhile, the microstructure of the material is different from that of the solid material, so that the material has a plurality of properties which are incomparable with those of the solid material, such as buffering energy absorption, electromagnetic shielding, noise reduction, sound insulation and the like. The carbon nano tube is added into the foamed aluminum, so that the prepared composite foam can fully exert the characteristics of high specific strength and high specific modulus of the reinforced phase carbon nano tube, obviously improve the compression strength and energy absorbing capacity of the foamed aluminum, and simultaneously does not increase the density of the material. In addition, the compression performance of the carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum-based composite foam can be enhanced with an increase in the content of carbon nanotubes, so that the performance of the composite foam can be designed without an increase in density, which is a remarkable advantage. Aluminum foam and composite foam thereof are commonly used as impact-resistant protective pieces due to their unique compressive mechanical properties, and can generate large strain in a short time when being impacted, thereby completing energy absorption and playing a protective role by replacing a sacrificial mode.
Filling the foamed aluminum into the metal pipe structure by an in-situ or ex-situ method to obtain the foamed aluminum filled pipe structure. The composite structure effectively combines the properties of the foam core material and the foam aluminum, the buckling deformation of the pipe is restrained by the foam core material, and the expansion of the foam aluminum under the load is restrained by the external pipe. Therefore, under the interaction of the two materials, the compression curve of the material is more gentle, the impact load is more stable, the material has higher average impact load and stronger energy absorption capacity, and the impact response and the energy absorption effect are higher than the sum of the values of the core material and the pipe. In addition, compared with an ex-situ filling pipe, the in-situ filling pipe with smaller filling gap has more excellent mechanical property and energy absorption capability. Therefore, the foam aluminum filling pipe has the characteristics of stable deformation process, high specific energy absorption, good shock resistance and the like, and is an energy absorption buffer structure with great application prospect.
A gradient foam is a material that can change its energy absorption and impact resistance properties to some extent by designing the density, pore size, or distribution of the material components itself. The gradient foamed aluminum material can be divided into density gradient, pore diameter gradient, component gradient foamed aluminum and the like, wherein the density gradient foamed aluminum refers to the density which is changed by changing the number of pores in unit volume along a certain direction; pore size gradient aluminum foam refers to changing the size of the cell size along a certain direction; the component gradient foamed aluminum means that the material of the pore wall material is changed along a certain direction. Based on the characteristics of the structure, the gradient foamed aluminum has unique energy absorption behaviors under different stress states.
With the development of economy and science, the automobile industry is developed at a high speed, and the problems of environment, safety and the like are increasingly revealed while convenience is brought to people, so that the safety and lightweight design of the automobile are increasingly important. The bumper is used as a safety device on the body, and the functions of buffering and absorbing energy and protecting the safety of passengers and the body are important except for considering the fact that the bumper is consistent with the shape of the whole vehicle. When the automobile collides, the bumper has the capability of absorbing a large amount of energy, so that the injuries to passengers and the automobile body are reduced, and the protection effect is achieved. Conventional bumpers are mainly made of steel, and then plastic bumpers have appeared in order to pursue weight reduction of automobiles. Although the two bumpers have a certain anti-collision capability, the buffering and energy absorbing capabilities of the two bumpers are limited, and passengers and the safety of a vehicle body cannot be effectively protected.
The Chinese patent with publication number of CN205601764U discloses a high-safety automobile bumper, wherein a single buffer ring and an elastic ball are used for buffering and damping in the bumper, but due to the elasticity of the material, the material can rebound after collision, and cannot play a good role in absorbing energy. The Chinese patent publication No. CN205396216U discloses an anti-collision beam of an automobile made of foam aluminum, which takes an aluminum pipe energy absorption column filled with foam aluminum as an energy absorption main body, but has the problem of overlarge crushing load, and the anti-collision beam can not be deformed to absorb energy when being impacted at a low speed, so that the impact force is directly transmitted to personnel in the automobile. The Chinese patent publication No. CN109131178A discloses a novel automobile front anti-collision beam assembly, wherein 18-24 layers of gradient foamed aluminum with density decreasing from the middle to two ends are arranged in the beam assembly. But the pure aluminum foam has low strength and poor collision capability.
Therefore, aiming at the technical problems, the automobile bumper structure with strong buffering and energy absorbing capacity and capable of protecting passengers and automobile bodies to the greatest extent is provided, and the technical problems to be solved in the field are urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide an automobile bumper using gradient foam aluminum, which utilizes the characteristics of component gradient composite foam and density gradient foam aluminum filling pipes to improve the buffering and energy absorbing capacity of the bumper, effectively protect the safety of passengers and automobile bodies and solve the defects of the prior art.
The utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
an automobile bumper using gradient foam aluminum comprises a bumper shell, a buffering energy absorption layer and a bumper framework, wherein the buffering energy absorption layer is fixedly connected with the bumper shell and the bumper framework respectively, and the bumper framework is fixedly connected with an automobile body, and the automobile body is characterized in that: the buffering energy-absorbing layer comprises a composite foam material layer and a foam aluminum filling pipe; the composite foam material layer comprises an outer pure foam aluminum layer, a carbon nano tube reinforced foam aluminum-based composite material layer and an inner pure foam aluminum layer which are sequentially arranged along the direction close to the vehicle body; the foam aluminum filling pipe consists of a foam aluminum in-situ filling thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe with density gradient change; the plurality of foam aluminum filling pipes are arranged in the composite foam material layer in a penetrating way along the direction perpendicular to the composite foam material layer.
Further, the porosity of the outer pure foamed aluminum layer and the inner pure foamed aluminum layer is greater than or equal to the porosity of the carbon nanotube reinforced foamed aluminum matrix composite layer.
Further, the outer pure aluminum foam layer comprises 2-4 layers of pure aluminum foam with gradually reduced porosity in the direction close to the vehicle body, and the inner pure aluminum foam layer comprises 2-4 layers of pure aluminum foam with gradually increased porosity in the direction close to the vehicle body.
Further, the carbon nano tube reinforced foam aluminum-based composite material layer comprises 3-7 layers of composite materials with gradually reduced porosity and then symmetrically increased porosity along the direction close to the vehicle body and/or with gradually increased mass fraction of the carbon nano tube and then symmetrically reduced mass fraction of the carbon nano tube.
Further, the foam aluminum filling pipe consists of 3-5 layers of foam aluminum in-situ filling thin-wall aluminum alloy pipes with gradually increased density along the direction close to the vehicle body.
Further, the density of the pure foam aluminum layer is 0.54-1.62 g/cm 3 The porosity is 80-40%, the mass fraction of the carbon nano tube in the carbon nano tube reinforced foam aluminum-based composite material layer is 0-4 wt%, and the porosity is 80-40%.
Further, the density of the foamed aluminum in the foamed aluminum filling pipe is 0.54-1.62 g/cm 3 The porosity is 80-40%, the diameter of the foamed aluminum is 20-40 mm, and the wall thickness of the thin-wall pipe is 0.5-2 mm.
Further, the bumper skeleton comprises an aluminum alloy reinforcing beam, an energy absorption box and a connecting sheet, wherein the aluminum alloy reinforcing beam is fixedly connected with the buffering energy absorption layer, one end of the energy absorption box is fixedly connected with the aluminum alloy reinforcing beam, the other end of the energy absorption box is fixedly connected with the connecting sheet, and the connecting sheet is fixedly connected with the vehicle body.
Further, the energy-absorbing box is of an inner cavity and outer cavity structure, the inner cavity is fixedly connected with the outer cavity through a reinforcing rib, and the inner cavity is composed of a hard spring far away from the position of the automobile body and foam aluminum close to the position of the automobile body.
Further, the density of the foamed aluminum in the energy absorption box is 0.54-1.62 g/cm 3 The porosity is 80-40%.
The automobile bumper using the gradient foam aluminum has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the automobile bumper using the gradient foam aluminum, the component gradient composite foam material consisting of the pure foam aluminum layer and the carbon nano tube reinforced foam aluminum-based composite material layer is adopted as the buffering energy-absorbing layer, good buffering energy-absorbing capacity is provided through layer-by-layer crushing, and the carbon nano tube reinforced foam aluminum-based composite material has the characteristic of higher strength than the pure foam aluminum material, so that the anti-collision performance of the bumper structure is effectively improved; meanwhile, a plurality of foam aluminum filling pipes with gradient density change are vertically inserted in the composite foam material layer, so that stronger energy absorption capacity and stability under oblique impact can be provided at a high impact speed, the impact force of passengers in the automobile when the automobile is impacted is reduced, and the safety of the passengers and the automobile body is protected to the greatest extent.
(2) According to the automobile bumper using gradient foam aluminum, the hard springs and the foam aluminum are comprehensively used by the energy-absorbing box, when the energy-absorbing box begins to deform, the part provided with the hard springs is firstly subjected to compression load, when the hard springs are fully compressed, the part filled with the foam aluminum performs the subsequent energy-absorbing process, the characteristics of all materials are fully and cooperatively exerted, the buffering energy-absorbing capacity of the automobile bumper is improved to the maximum extent, and the impact force born by passengers is reduced in the final stage of collision.
Drawings
For a clearer description of embodiments of the utility model or of solutions in the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the utility model, and that other drawings can be obtained from them without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an automotive bumper using gradient aluminum foam according to the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a crash box in one embodiment of the utility model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a crash box in another embodiment of the utility model;
FIG. 4 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a crash box in accordance with an embodiment of the utility model;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing stress-strain performance of the composition gradient composite foam material of example 1 of the present utility model with that of pure aluminum foam;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing stress-strain performance contrast of the density gradient aluminum foam filled tube and pure aluminum foam filled tube, thin-walled hollow tube and pure aluminum foam of example 1 of the present utility model;
in the figure: the novel energy-absorbing bumper comprises a bumper shell, a 2-buffering energy-absorbing layer, a 3-bumper framework, a 4-composite foam material layer, a 5-foam aluminum filling pipe, a 6-outer pure foam aluminum layer, a 7-carbon nano tube reinforced foam aluminum-based composite material layer, an 8-aluminum alloy reinforcing beam, a 9-energy-absorbing box, a 10-connecting sheet, an 11-inner cavity, a 12-outer cavity, 13-reinforcing ribs, a 14-hard spring, 15-foam aluminum and 16-inner pure foam aluminum layer.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the utility model.
An automobile bumper using gradient foam aluminum, as shown in fig. 1, comprising a bumper shell 1, a buffer energy absorbing layer 2 and a bumper framework 3, wherein the buffer energy absorbing layer 2 is fixedly connected with the bumper shell 1 and the bumper framework 3 respectively, and the bumper framework 3 is fixedly connected with an automobile body, wherein: the cushioning energy absorption layer 2 comprises a composite foam material layer 4 and a foam aluminum filling pipe 5; the composite foam material layer 4 comprises an outer pure foam aluminum layer 6, a carbon nano tube reinforced foam aluminum-based composite material layer 7 and an inner pure foam aluminum layer 16 which are sequentially arranged along the direction close to the vehicle body; the foam aluminum filling pipe 5 consists of a foam aluminum in-situ filling thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe with density gradient change; a plurality of aluminum foam filled tubes 5 are interposed in the composite foam layer 4 in a direction perpendicular to the composite foam layer 4.
According to the automobile bumper using the gradient foam aluminum, the component gradient composite foam material consisting of the pure foam aluminum layer and the carbon nano tube reinforced foam aluminum-based composite material layer is adopted as the buffering energy-absorbing layer, good buffering energy-absorbing capacity is provided through layer-by-layer crushing, and the carbon nano tube reinforced foam aluminum-based composite material has the characteristic of higher strength than the pure foam aluminum material, so that the anti-collision performance of the bumper structure is effectively improved; meanwhile, a plurality of foam aluminum filling pipes with gradient density change are vertically inserted in the composite foam material layer, so that stronger energy absorption capacity and stability under oblique impact can be provided at a high impact speed, the impact force of passengers in the automobile when the automobile is impacted is reduced, and the safety of the passengers and the automobile body is protected to the greatest extent.
Specifically, in some embodiments of the present utility model, the porosity of the outer pure aluminum foam layer 6 and the inner pure aluminum foam layer 16 is greater than or equal to the porosity of the carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminum foam matrix composite layer 7. The pure foam aluminum layer is positioned at the outermost side and the innermost side of the bumper, and when impacted, the pure foam aluminum layer is firstly subjected to plastic deformation to absorb a large amount of energy; when the aluminum foam layer reaches densification, the carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum foam matrix composite layer absorbs residual energy. As the carbon nano tube reinforcing phase is added into the foamed aluminum, the material has larger yield stress and strength and outstanding anti-collision performance and buffering capacity. The foam aluminum layer and the carbon nano tube reinforced foam aluminum-based composite material layer are arranged layer by layer, the deformation process after impact is in a gradual collapse mode, and the buffer effect can be better achieved. The utility model adopts the spindle-like foam structure with high middle strength and low two side strength, which can protect active impact objects and passive impact objects, namely pedestrians and personnel in vehicles, and has high safety performance.
Preferably, in some embodiments of the present utility model, the outer pure aluminum foam layer 6 comprises 2 to 4 layers of pure aluminum foam having a gradually decreasing porosity in a direction approaching the vehicle body, and the inner pure aluminum foam layer 16 comprises 2 to 4 layers of pure aluminum foam having a gradually increasing porosity in a direction approaching the vehicle body; the carbon nano tube reinforced foam aluminum-based composite material layer 7 comprises 3-7 layers of composite materials with gradually reduced porosity and then symmetrically increased porosity and/or gradually increased mass fraction of the carbon nano tube and then symmetrically reduced porosity along the direction close to the vehicle body. The buffering energy-absorbing layer comprehensively utilizes density gradient and component gradient materials, has stronger energy absorption capacity, and is beneficial to better protecting the safety of passengers.
The gradient aluminum foam has the characteristic of gradually deforming layer by layer under low-speed impact, the density gradient aluminum foam begins to deform from the layer with the minimum density (namely the maximum porosity), and the component gradient aluminum foam begins to deform from the layer with the minimum strength. In addition, because of the large differences in matrix material properties, compositional gradients typically have multiple plateaus under compression. Under high-speed impact, the energy absorption effect of the gradient foamed aluminum is obviously better than that of uniform foamed aluminum. Particularly, the gradient structure design of the gradient foamed aluminum can be correspondingly optimized according to the requirements of application environment, and the energy absorption capacity and the impact resistance of the gradient foamed aluminum are effectively improved.
Specifically, in some embodiments of the present utility model, the density of the outside pure aluminum foam layer 6 and the inside pure aluminum foam layer 16 is 0.54 to 1.62g/cm 3 The porosity is 80-40%, the mass fraction of the carbon nano tube in the carbon nano tube reinforced foam aluminum-based composite material layer 7 is 0-4 wt%, and the porosity is 80-40%. Preferably, the composite foam material layer is prepared by a powder metallurgy method and a pore-forming agent adding method. More specifically, the mass fraction of the carbon nanotubes is greater than 0 and equal to or less than 4wt.%; preferably, the mass fraction of the carbon nanotubes is 2 to 3wt.%.
Specifically, in some embodiments of the present utility model, carbon nanotubes are used as the reinforcing phase in the carbon nanotube-reinforced foamed aluminum matrix composite layer; optionally, the reinforcing phase may be any one of carbon nanotubes, graphene, silicon carbide, and aluminum oxide.
In particular, in some embodiments of the utility modelIn the embodiment, the foam aluminum filling pipe 5 consists of 3-5 layers of foam aluminum in-situ filling thin-wall aluminum alloy pipes with gradually increased density along the direction approaching the vehicle body. The density of the foamed aluminum in the foamed aluminum filling pipe is 0.54-1.62 g/cm 3 The porosity is 80-40%, the diameter of the foamed aluminum is 20-40 mm, and the wall thickness of the thin-wall pipe is 0.5-2 mm. Preferably, the foam aluminum filling pipe is prepared by adopting a method of filling a thin-wall pipe with foam aluminum in situ.
The crashworthiness of the density gradient foam aluminum filled thin-wall tube is obviously better than that of the uniform density foam aluminum filled tube, and the advantages are more obvious particularly when the impact angle is increased.
Preferably, in some embodiments of the present utility model, as shown in fig. 1, the aluminum foam filled tube 5 is located directly in front of and laterally in front of the automobile, respectively; 4 foam aluminum filling pipes are arranged in front of the frame at equal distance, 2 foam aluminum filling pipes are symmetrically arranged in front of the frame, and the spacing between the foam aluminum filling pipes in front of the frame is 100-250 mm.
The density gradient foam aluminum filling pipe with stronger energy absorbing capability is added into the composite foam material layers of the middle and two side parts of the bumper which are most easy to be impacted, and the density gradient foam aluminum filling pipe has a stable deformation mode even under oblique impact, so that most of energy can be absorbed during high-speed impact. Compared with a uniform density foam aluminum filling pipe, the density gradient foam aluminum filling pipe with the density gradually increased along the axial direction from the collision end is easier to generate plastic hinging under oblique impact, and generates more stable and efficient gradual crushing, and the initial peak stress is smaller, and the energy absorption capacity is larger than that of energy absorption.
Specifically, in some embodiments of the present utility model, the bumper skeleton 3 includes an aluminum alloy reinforcing beam 8, an energy absorption box 9 and a connecting piece 10, the aluminum alloy reinforcing beam 8 is fixedly connected with the cushioning energy absorption layer 2, one end of the energy absorption box 9 is fixedly connected with the aluminum alloy reinforcing beam 8, the other end is fixedly connected with the connecting piece 10, and the connecting piece 10 is fixedly connected with the automobile. Preferably, the welding mode is adopted for fixed connection.
More specifically, the aluminum alloy reinforcing beam 8 is composed of an arched aluminum alloy plate and an aluminum alloy flat plate, and a cavity is formed inside the aluminum alloy reinforcing beam; the connecting piece 10 is provided with a connecting hole for connecting with a vehicle body. The bumper shell 1 is made of plastic, so that the safety of pedestrians is protected when an automobile collides with the pedestrians, and the injury degree to the pedestrians is reduced.
Specifically, in some embodiments of the present utility model, the energy-absorbing box 9 has an inner cavity and an outer cavity, the inner cavity 11 and the outer cavity 12 are fixedly connected through the reinforcing ribs 13, and the inner cavity 11 is composed of a hard spring 14 far from the vehicle body position and foam aluminum 15 near the vehicle body position. Preferably, the stiff spring 14 is located in the front 1/3 of the crash box 9 and the aluminum foam 15 occupies the 2/3 portion adjacent the body. When the crash box 9 starts to deform, a compressive load is first applied by the portion in which the stiff spring is disposed, and when the stiff spring is fully compressed, the portion filled with aluminum foam undergoes a subsequent process of absorbing energy.
Specifically, in some embodiments of the present utility model, the density of the aluminum foam 15 in the crash box 9 is 0.54 to 1.62g/cm 3 The porosity is 80-40%.
More specifically, as an embodiment of the present utility model, as shown in fig. 2 and 4, the outer cavity 12 of the crash box 9 is a hexagonal prism shape, and the inner cavity 11 is a cylindrical shape; the cylindrical inner cavity 11 is fixedly connected with the hexagonal prism-shaped outer cavity 12 through a reinforcing rib 13. The part, close to the aluminum alloy reinforcing beam 8, of the cylindrical inner cavity 11 is a hard spring 14, and the part, close to the vehicle body, of the cylindrical inner cavity 11 is filled with foam aluminum 15 with 40-80% of porosity. As another embodiment of the utility model, as shown in FIG. 3, both the outer and inner crash box cavities are cylindrical.
According to the utility model, the foam aluminum, the carbon nano tube reinforced foam aluminum-based composite material and the density gradient foam aluminum filling pipe are comprehensively utilized, the density gradient foam aluminum filling pipe with stronger energy absorption capability is arranged in the composite foam material layer of the buffer layer, the hard spring and the foam aluminum are comprehensively utilized in the energy absorption box, the characteristics of each material are fully and synergistically exerted, the buffer energy absorption capability of the automobile bumper is improved to the maximum extent, the impact force on passengers in the automobile when the automobile is collided is reduced, namely, the safety of the passengers and the automobile body is protected to the maximum extent by sacrificing the bumper material. Compared with the existing automobile bumper, the automobile bumper has the characteristics of better buffering and energy absorbing capacity, lighter weight and the like.
The present utility model is described above in detail with respect to an automotive bumper using a gradient aluminum foam, and is further described below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
An automobile bumper using gradient foam aluminum is shown in fig. 1, and comprises a bumper shell 1 made of plastic materials, a buffer energy absorption layer 2 and a bumper framework 3, wherein the buffer energy absorption layer 2 is fixedly connected with the bumper shell 1 and the bumper framework 3 respectively. The buffering and energy absorbing layer 2 comprises a component gradient composite foam material layer 4 and a density gradient foam aluminum filling pipe 5, wherein the component gradient composite foam material layer is prepared by a powder metallurgy method and a pore-forming agent adding method, and consists of an outer foam aluminum block 6, an inner foam aluminum block 16 and an intermediate carbon nano tube reinforced foam aluminum-based composite material 7, and the density of the inner foam aluminum and the outer foam aluminum is 1.08g/cm 3 The corresponding porosity is 60%, the mass fraction of the carbon nanotubes of the intermediate carbon nanotube reinforced foam aluminum matrix composite is 2.5wt.%, and the porosity is the same as that of the pure foam aluminum block. The density gradient foam aluminum filling pipe 5 is made of 4 layers of density gradient foam aluminum in-situ filling aluminum alloy thin-wall pipes with the wall thickness of 1.5mm, wherein the porosity of the density gradient foam aluminum is 40-80%, the density of the density gradient foam aluminum is gradually increased towards the direction approaching the vehicle body, and the diameter of the foam aluminum is 30mm. The bumper skeleton 3 comprises an aluminum alloy reinforcing beam 8, an energy absorption box 9 and a connecting sheet 10. The part, close to the aluminum alloy reinforcing beam 8, of the inner cavity of the energy absorption box 9 is a hard spring 14, and the part, close to the vehicle body, of the inner cavity of the energy absorption box 9 is filled with foam aluminum 15 with 40-80% of porosity.
As shown in FIG. 5, the stress-strain performance curve of the component gradient composite foam material of example 1 of the present utility model is compared with that of pure aluminum foam. Under the same condition, compared with pure foamed aluminum with the same mass, the gradient composite foamed material has smaller initial peak stress, is easier to deform and crush, and has better buffering capacity. In addition, the energy absorption capacity of the gradient foamed aluminum is obviously higher than that of pure foamed aluminum, and the gradient foamed aluminum has stronger energy absorption capacity, thereby being beneficial to better protecting the safety of passengers.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the stress-strain performance of the density gradient aluminum foam filled tube, the pure aluminum foam filled tube, the thin-walled hollow tube and the pure aluminum foam of example 1 of the present utility model. The yield stress and the platform stress of the foam aluminum filling pipe are obviously higher than those of pure foam aluminum, and on the premise that the quality is not changed, the energy absorption capacity of the filling pipe is far higher than the sum of the values of the energy absorption capacities of the pure foam aluminum and the thin-wall hollow pipe due to the interaction between the foam aluminum and the thin-wall hollow pipe, so that the energy can be effectively absorbed when the impact force is large. Meanwhile, due to the characteristic of the gradient foam aluminum, the yield stress of the gradient foam aluminum filling pipe is lower than that of the foam aluminum filling pipe with uniform density, the stress level is improved, the deformation process is in a gradual collapse mode, the buffer effect can be better achieved, and the safety of personnel is protected.
Example 2
The buffering and energy absorbing layer in the embodiment comprises a functional gradient composite foam material layer and a density gradient foam aluminum filling pipe, wherein the component gradient composite foam material layer is prepared by a powder metallurgy method and a pore-forming agent adding method, and consists of an outer foam aluminum block, an inner foam aluminum block and an intermediate carbon nano tube reinforced foam aluminum-based composite material, and the density of the foam aluminum on the outer side and the inner side is 0.54g/cm 3 The corresponding porosity is 80%, the mass fraction of the carbon nano tube reinforced foam aluminum-based composite material is 2 wt%, and the porosity is 60%. The density gradient foam aluminum filling pipe is made of 4 layers of density gradient foam aluminum in-situ filling aluminum alloy thin-wall pipes with the wall thickness of 1.5mm, wherein the porosity of the density gradient foam aluminum filling pipe is 40-80%, the density of the density gradient foam aluminum filling pipe gradually increases towards the direction close to the automobile body, and the diameter of the foam aluminum is 30mm.
The remaining structure is the same as in example 1.
Example 3
The buffering energy-absorbing layer comprises a functional gradient composite foam material layer and a density gradient foam aluminum filling pipe, wherein the component gradient composite foam material layer is prepared by a powder metallurgy method and a pore-forming agent adding method, and is composed of an outer two-layer foam aluminum block, a middle three-layer carbon nano tube reinforced foam aluminum-based composite material and an inner two-layer foam aluminum block; along the direction close to the car body, the density of the two layers of foam aluminum at the outer side is 0.54g/cm respectively 3 、1.08g/cm 3 The corresponding porosities are respectively 80% and 60%, the mass fraction of the carbon nano tube of the three-layer carbon nano tube reinforced foam aluminum-based composite material is 2 wt%, the porosities are respectively 60%, 40% and 60%, and the densities of the two layers of foam aluminum on the inner side are respectively 1.08g/cm 3 、0.54g/cm 3 The corresponding porosities were 60% and 80%, respectively. The density gradient foam aluminum filling pipe is made of 4 layers of density gradient foam aluminum in-situ filling aluminum alloy thin-wall pipes with the wall thickness of 1.5mm, wherein the porosity of the density gradient foam aluminum filling pipe is 40-80%, the density of the density gradient foam aluminum filling pipe gradually increases towards the direction close to the automobile body, and the diameter of the foam aluminum is 30mm.
The remaining structure is the same as in example 1.
Example 4
The buffering energy-absorbing layer comprises a functional gradient composite foam material layer and a density gradient foam aluminum filling pipe, wherein the component gradient composite foam material layer is prepared by a powder metallurgy method and a pore-forming agent adding method, and is composed of an outer two-layer foam aluminum block, a middle three-layer carbon nano tube reinforced foam aluminum-based composite material and an inner two-layer foam aluminum block; along the direction close to the car body, the density of the two layers of foam aluminum at the outer side is 0.54g/cm respectively 3 、1.08g/cm 3 The corresponding porosities are respectively 80% and 60%, the mass fraction of the carbon nano tube of the three-layer carbon nano tube reinforced foam aluminum-based composite material is respectively 1.5wt.%, 2.5wt.% and 1.5wt.%, the porosities are respectively 60%, and the densities of the two inner-layer foam aluminum are respectively 1.08g/cm 3 、0.54g/cm 3 The corresponding porosities were 60% and 80%, respectively. The density gradient foam aluminum filling pipe is made of 4 layers of density gradient foam aluminum in-situ filling aluminum alloy thin-wall pipes with the wall thickness of 1.5mm, wherein the porosity of the density gradient foam aluminum filling pipe is 40-80%, the density of the density gradient foam aluminum filling pipe gradually increases towards the direction close to the automobile body, and the diameter of the foam aluminum is 30mm.
The remaining structure is the same as in example 1.
The automobile bumper with the gradient foam aluminum provided by the utility model uses the component gradient composite foam material and the gradient foam aluminum filling pipe, has more excellent buffering and energy absorbing performance compared with a pure foam aluminum material, can effectively reduce injury to personnel caused by collision when collision occurs, and protects safety of passengers and automobile bodies.
The utility model has been further described with reference to specific embodiments, but it should be understood that the detailed description is not to be construed as limiting the spirit and scope of the utility model, but rather as providing those skilled in the art with the benefit of this disclosure with the benefit of their various modifications to the described embodiments.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides an use car bumper of gradient foam aluminium, its characterized in that includes bumper casing, buffering energy-absorbing layer and bumper skeleton, the buffering energy-absorbing layer respectively with bumper casing with bumper skeleton fixed connection, bumper skeleton and automobile body fixed connection, wherein:
the buffering and energy absorbing layer comprises a composite foam material layer and a foam aluminum filling pipe;
the composite foam material layer comprises an outer pure foam aluminum layer, a carbon nano tube reinforced foam aluminum-based composite material layer and an inner pure foam aluminum layer which are sequentially arranged along the direction close to the vehicle body;
the foam aluminum filling pipe consists of a foam aluminum in-situ filling thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe with density gradient change;
the plurality of aluminum foam filling pipes are arranged in the composite foam material layer in a penetrating manner along the direction perpendicular to the composite foam material layer;
the outer pure foam aluminum layer comprises 2-4 layers of pure foam aluminum with gradually reduced porosity along the direction close to the vehicle body, and the inner pure foam aluminum layer comprises 2-4 layers of pure foam aluminum with gradually increased porosity along the direction close to the vehicle body;
the carbon nano tube reinforced foam aluminum-based composite material layer comprises 3-7 layers of composite materials with gradually reduced porosity and then symmetrically increased porosity and/or gradually increased mass fraction of the carbon nano tube and then symmetrically reduced porosity along the direction close to a vehicle body.
2. The vehicle bumper using graded aluminum foam of claim 1 wherein the porosity of the outer and inner pure aluminum foam layers is greater than or equal to the porosity of the carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum foam matrix composite layer.
3. The car bumper using gradient aluminum foam according to claim 1, wherein the density of the pure aluminum foam layer is 0.54-1.62 g/cm 3 The porosity is 80-40%; the carbon isThe mass fraction of the carbon nano tube in the nano tube reinforced foam aluminum-based composite material layer is 0-4 wt.%, and the porosity is 80-40%.
4. The car bumper using gradient aluminum foam according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum foam filling pipe is composed of 3 to 5 layers of aluminum foam in-situ filling thin-wall aluminum alloy pipes with gradually increasing density in a direction approaching a car body.
5. The car bumper using gradient aluminum foam according to claim 1, wherein the density of aluminum foam in the aluminum foam filling pipe is 0.54-1.62 g/cm 3 The porosity is 80-40%, the diameter of the foamed aluminum is 20-40 mm, and the wall thickness of the thin-wall pipe is 0.5-2 mm.
6. The vehicle bumper using gradient foam aluminum according to claim 1, wherein the bumper skeleton comprises an aluminum alloy reinforcing beam, an energy absorption box and a connecting sheet, wherein the aluminum alloy reinforcing beam is fixedly connected with the buffering energy absorption layer, one end of the energy absorption box is fixedly connected with the aluminum alloy reinforcing beam, the other end of the energy absorption box is fixedly connected with the connecting sheet, and the connecting sheet is fixedly connected with a vehicle body.
7. The car bumper using the gradient foam aluminum according to claim 6, wherein the energy absorption box is of an inner cavity and an outer cavity, the inner cavity and the outer cavity are fixedly connected through reinforcing ribs, and the inner cavity is composed of a hard spring far away from a car body position and foam aluminum close to the car body position.
8. The car bumper using gradient aluminum foam according to claim 7, wherein the density of aluminum foam in the crash box is 0.54-1.62 g/cm 3 The porosity is 80-40%.
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