CN113664233B

CN113664233B - PCD cutter for processing composite material

Info

Publication number: CN113664233B
Application number: CN202110886490.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李清华; 王珏; 林亮亮; 余丽; 王杰伟; 洪培强
Original assignee: Xiamen Golden Egret Special Alloy Co Ltd
Current assignee: Xiamen Golden Egret Special Alloy Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-08-03
Filing date: 2021-08-03
Publication date: 2022-12-06
Anticipated expiration: 2041-08-03
Also published as: CN113664233A

Abstract

The invention discloses a PCD cutter for processing composite materials, which comprises a cutter body and a welding sheet; in the cutting part of the cutter body, at least one chip removal groove is linearly extended from the end head of the free end of the cutting part to the handle part direction, the surface of each chip removal groove facing to the cutting rotation direction is set as a first welding surface, and a welding sheet is fixedly welded at the first welding surface of each chip removal groove; the face towards cutting direction of rotation of welding piece is established to the cutting rake face, the cutting rake face of welding piece is non-flat face shape, the projection of the cutting rake face of welding piece on the first reference plane of perpendicular to cutter axis is a line segment, the line segment is circular arc line or curve, or the combination more than two kinds in straight line, circular arc line, regular curve and the irregular curve. The invention can effectively improve the sharpness of the cutter, reduce the cutting force of the cutter and improve the cutting efficiency; and can effectively inhibit the generation of burrs when the composite material is processed by the cutter.

Description

PCD cutter for processing composite material

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of cutters, in particular to a PCD cutter for processing composite materials.

Background

A tool is a tool used for cutting machining in machine manufacturing, and is also called a cutting tool. PCD cutters generally refer to cutters made of synthetic diamond, i.e., cutters made of polycrystalline diamond, which is synthesized by high pressure synthesis techniques. The diamond cutter has the characteristics of high hardness, high compressive strength, good heat conductivity, good wear resistance and the like, and can obtain high processing precision and processing efficiency in high-speed cutting, so that the diamond cutter is widely applied to a plurality of fields of aviation, aerospace, automobiles, electronics, stone and the like. The PCD tool in the prior art is characterized in that a welding sheet with a cutting edge is fixed on a tool body, the welding sheet is made of superhard materials such as diamond, and the welding sheet of the existing PCD tool is generally flat, so that a rake face of the welding sheet is a flat face.

Disclosure of Invention

The PCD cutter for processing the composite material is provided, and through structural improvement, on one hand, the sharpness of the cutter can be effectively improved, the cutting force of the cutter is reduced, and the cutting efficiency is improved; and on the other hand, the burr generation when the cutter processes the composite material can be effectively inhibited.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: a PCD cutter for processing composite materials comprises a cutter body and a welding sheet; the cutter body is in a round bar shape and is divided into a cutting part and a handle part along the length direction; in the cutting part, at least one chip removal groove is linearly extended from the end head of the free end of the cutting part to the handle part direction, the surface of each chip removal groove facing the cutting rotation direction is set as a first welding surface, a welding sheet is welded and fixed at the first welding surface of each chip removal groove, and a second welding surface of each welding sheet is welded and fixed with the first welding surface of the cutter body; a surface of the welding piece facing the cutting rotation direction is a cutting rake surface, a surface of the welding piece corresponding to the cutting outer periphery position is a cutting flank surface, the cutting rake surface and the cutting flank surface intersect to form a peripheral cutting edge, and the outer periphery diameter of the cutting part is D; the cutting rake face of the welding piece is in a non-flat surface shape, the projection of the cutting rake face of the welding piece on a first reference plane perpendicular to the axis of the cutter is a line segment, and the line segment is an arc line or a curve or a combination of more than two of a straight line, an arc line, a regular curve and an irregular curve.

The peripheral cutting edge of the welding sheet is wavy; the wave crest of the wave-shaped peripheral cutting edge is linear, the length of the projection of the linear wave crest on the axis of the cutter is L, and L is more than 0.015D. If the length L is too small, the peak intensity is reduced, the processing difficulty is increased, and the production and the use of the cutter are not facilitated.

Knife face is divided into the knife face behind the cutting first back knife face of cutting and the knife face behind the cutting second of welding piece, and is right at the plane of perpendicular to cutter axis in the welding piece carries out the section that dissects, the knife face is referred to the contained angle of the second face of weld of perpendicular to welding piece with the perpendicular to of cutting first back knife face and is alpha, and the knife face is referred to the contained angle of the second face of weld of perpendicular to welding piece with the second of the second face of weld of perpendicular to welding piece for beta after the cutting second, and satisfies the relational expression: alpha is more than or equal to 4 degrees and beta is less than or equal to 30 degrees. If alpha is more than beta, the clearance between the cutter and the processing surface is small, the cutter rear face is likely to interfere with the cutter processing surface during rotary processing, and simultaneously, the cutter second rear face interferes with the first rear face during processing; if alpha is less than 4 degrees, the rear cutter face of the cutter interferes with the machined surface of the cutter, and if beta is more than 30 degrees, the strength of the cutting edge of the cutter is too low, and the cutter is easy to break during cutting.

And the distance from any point on the cutting back tool face to the axis of the tool is not more than 0.5D. If the distance is greater than 0.5D, the flank faces interfere with the machined surface during the rotational machining of the tool.

One end of the cutting front tool face, close to the cutting circumference of the cutter body, is provided with a cutting edge zone, the width of the cutting edge zone is a, and the relation is satisfied: 0< -a is less than or equal to 0.4D. If a is greater than 0.4D, the strength of the welding part of the cutter body is too low, and the welding part is easy to break.

The cutting edge zone and the second welding surface of the welding sheet form an angle theta, and the relation is satisfied:

-5°≤θ≤30°。

if θ <5 °, the cutting tool sharpness is reduced, the machined surface roughness is increased, and defects such as burrs are likely to occur, whereas if θ >30 °, the cutting edge strength is too low, and chipping is likely to occur during cutting.

Among the welding piece, be equipped with the bottom cutting edge in the end position corresponding to the free end of cutting part, the bottom back knife face that the bottom cutting edge corresponds is gamma with the contained angle of the second reference surface of the second face of weld of perpendicular to welding piece, and satisfies the relational expression: gamma is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 30 degrees. If γ is less than 0 °, the cutting tool sharpness is reduced, the machined surface roughness is increased, and defects such as burrs are easily generated, and if γ is greater than 30 °, the cutting edge strength is too low, and chipping is easily generated during cutting.

The welding piece comprises a cutting layer and a base layer, the hardness of the material adopted by the cutting layer is higher than that of the material adopted by the base layer, the cutting layer is made of PCD (Poly Crystal Diamond) or CBN (cubic boron nitride) or hard alloy, the material of the base layer is made of hard alloy or high-speed steel, the thickness of the cutting layer is m, the thickness of the base layer is n, and the relation is satisfied: the m of the 0.01D yarn-woven fabrics is less than or equal to 0.2D, and the n is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.1D. The soldering lug is too thick, so that the space of a chip removal groove of the cutting part needs to be occupied by extrusion, chip removal is not facilitated, the thickness of the welding part of the cutter body needs to be reduced if the chip removal space needs to be ensured, and the strength of the cutter body is reduced.

The cutter body is made of hard alloy or high-speed steel.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the cutting rake face of the welding sheet is designed to be in a non-flat surface shape, and the projection of the cutting rake face of the welding sheet on a first reference plane perpendicular to the axis of the cutter is a line segment, wherein the line segment is an arc line or a curve, or a combination of more than two of the straight line, the arc line, a regular curve and an irregular curve. The structure of the invention can effectively improve the sharpness of the cutter, reduce the cutting force of the cutter and improve the cutting efficiency; secondly, the chip containing space of the PCD cutter can be enlarged, chips can be effectively removed, and the strength of the PCD soldering lug of the cutter is ensured; thirdly, the cutting is smooth, and burrs generated during the processing of the composite material can be inhibited.

The invention is further explained in detail with the attached drawings and the embodiments; a PCD cutter for machining composite materials of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the direction A in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a weld tab of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view in the direction B in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line E-E in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line F-F in FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of the portion G of FIG. 5;

FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along line H-H in FIG. 5;

fig. 10 is a schematic view in the direction C in fig. 4.

In the figure: 1. a cutting portion of the cutter body; 2. a shank portion of the cutter body; 3. welding the sheet; 4. a chip groove of the cutter body; 5. a first welding surface of the cutter body; 6. the bottom tooth space of the cutter body; 7. a cutting layer of a solder tab; 8. welding the base layer of the sheet; 9. wave crest of peripheral cutting edge of the welding sheet; 10. wave troughs of the peripheral cutting edges of the welding sheets; 11. a cutting rake face of the weld pad; 12. cutting the rear cutter face of the welding sheet; 13. a chip breaking table for welding the chip; 14. chamfering the welding sheet; 15. welding the cutting margin of the blade; 16. cutting a first rear cutter surface of the welding sheet; 17. cutting a second rear cutter face of the welding sheet; 18. welding a second welding surface of the sheet; 19. a bottom end cutting edge of the welding sheet; 20. the bottom end back knife face of the welding sheet.

Detailed Description

Examples

Referring to fig. 1 to 10, a PCD cutting tool for machining a composite material according to the present invention includes a tool body and a welding sheet 3; the cutter body is in a round bar shape and is divided into a cutting part 1 and a handle part 2 along the length direction; in the cutting part 1, at least one chip removal groove 4 is linearly extended from the end of the free end (which is set as the bottom end) of the cutting part 1 to the direction of the handle part 2, the number of the chip removal grooves 4 is three in the embodiment, the surfaces of the three chip removal grooves 4 facing the cutting rotation direction are set as first welding surfaces 5, one welding sheet 3 is welded and fixed at the first welding surface 5 of each chip removal groove 4, the number of the welding sheets 3 is three in the embodiment, and the second welding surface 18 of each welding sheet 3 is respectively welded and fixed with the first welding surface 5 of the corresponding chip removal groove 4 of the cutter body; a face of the welding piece 3 facing the cutting rotation direction is a cutting rake face 11, a chip breaker 13 is provided behind the cutting rake face 11 in the face of the welding piece 3 facing the cutting rotation direction, a face of the welding piece 3 corresponding to the cutting outer peripheral position is a cutting flank face 12, the cutting rake face 11 and the cutting flank face 12 intersect to form a peripheral cutting edge, and the outer peripheral diameter of the cutting portion 1 is D; the cutting rake face 11 of the welding sheet 3 is in a non-flat surface shape, the projection of the cutting rake face 11 of the welding sheet 3 on a first reference plane perpendicular to the axis of the tool is a line segment, the line segment is an arc line or a curve, or a combination of two or more of a straight line, an arc line, a regular curve and an irregular curve, as shown in fig. 7, in the present embodiment, the line segment is an arc line, and the cutting rake face 11 is formed by an arc with a radius of r.

As shown in fig. 5 and 8, in the present embodiment, the peripheral cutting edge of the welding tab 3 is wavy; the wavy peripheral cutting edge comprises a wave crest 9 of the peripheral cutting edge of the welding sheet and a wave trough 10 of the peripheral cutting edge of the welding sheet, wherein the wavy wave crest 9 of the wavy peripheral cutting edge is linear, the length of the projection of the linear wavy wave crest 9 on the axis of the cutter is L, and L is more than 0.015D. If the length L is too small, the peak intensity is reduced, the processing difficulty is increased, and the production and the use of the cutter are not facilitated. The trough 10 of the peripheral cutting edge is formed by an arc with the radius r1, and the linear wave-shaped peak 9 is transited to the trough 10 by an arc with the radius r 2.

In the present embodiment, the outer circumferential diameter of the cutting part 1 is smaller than the outer circumferential diameter of the shank part 2.

As shown in fig. 6, in the present embodiment, the cutting flank 12 of the welding piece 3 is divided into a cutting first flank 16 and a cutting second flank 17, and in a cross section of the welding piece cut by a plane perpendicular to the tool axis, an included angle between the cutting first flank 16 and a second reference plane perpendicular to the second welding surface of the welding piece is α, an included angle between the cutting second flank 17 and a second reference plane perpendicular to the second welding surface of the welding piece is β, and the relational expression is satisfied: alpha is more than or equal to 4 degrees and beta is less than or equal to 30 degrees. If alpha is more than beta, the clearance between the cutter and the processing surface is small, the cutter rear face is likely to interfere with the cutter processing surface during rotary processing, and simultaneously, the cutter second rear face interferes with the first rear face during processing; if alpha is less than 4 degrees, the rear cutter face of the cutter interferes with the machined surface of the cutter, and if beta is more than 30 degrees, the strength of the cutting edge of the cutter is too low, and the cutter is easy to break during cutting.

In the present embodiment, the distance from any point on the cutting clearance 12 to the tool axis (i.e., the axis of the round bar) is not more than 0.5D. If the distance is greater than 0.5D, the flank face interferes with the machined surface when the tool is rotated.

In this embodiment, a cutting edge land 15 is provided at one end of the cutting rake surface 11 close to the cutting circumference of the cutter body, the width of the cutting edge land 15 is a, and the relationship is satisfied: 0< -a is less than or equal to 0.4D, and the width of the cutting rake face 11 is b. If a is greater than 0.4D, the strength of the welding part of the cutter body is too low, and the welding part is easy to break.

In the present embodiment, the cutting edge 15 and the second welding surface 18 of the welding sheet 3 form an angle θ, and satisfy the relation: theta is more than or equal to minus 5 degrees and less than or equal to 30 degrees. In the present embodiment, θ =2 °. If θ <5 °, the sharpness of the tool is reduced, the roughness of the machined surface is increased, and defects such as burrs are easily generated, and if θ >30 °, the strength of the cutting edge is too low, and chipping is easily generated during cutting.

As shown in fig. 9, in the present embodiment, the tip position of the welding piece 3 corresponding to the free end of the cutting portion is provided with a bottom end cutting edge 19, the bottom end of the cutter body is provided with a bottom gash 6 of the cutter body based on the chip groove 4, an included angle between a bottom end flank 20 corresponding to the bottom end cutting edge 19 and a second reference plane perpendicular to the second welding surface 18 of the welding piece is γ, and the following relation is satisfied: gamma is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 30 degrees. If γ is less than 0 °, the cutting tool sharpness is reduced, the machined surface roughness is increased, and defects such as burrs are easily generated, and if γ is greater than 30 °, the cutting edge strength is too low, and chipping is easily generated during cutting.

As shown in fig. 7 and 9, in the present embodiment, the welding sheet 3 is composed of a cutting layer 7 and a base layer 8, the hardness of the material used for the cutting layer 7 is higher than that of the material used for the base layer 8, the cutting layer 7 is made of PCD, CBN, or cemented carbide, the material used for the base layer 8 is made of cemented carbide or high-speed steel, the thickness of the cutting layer 7 is m, the thickness of the base layer 8 is n, and the following relations are satisfied: the m of the 0.01D yarn-woven fabrics is less than or equal to 0.2D, and the n is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.1D. The soldering lug is too thick, so that the space of a chip removal groove of the cutting part needs to be occupied, chip removal is not facilitated, the thickness of the welding part of the cutter body needs to be reduced if the chip removal space needs to be ensured, and the strength of the cutter body can be reduced.

In this embodiment, the soldering tab 3 has a chamfer 14 at the bottom end position.

In this embodiment, the cutter body is made of a material such as cemented carbide or high-speed steel.

The PCD cutter for processing the composite material adopts the mode that the cutting rake face 11 of the welding sheet 3 is set to be in a non-straight surface shape, and the projection of the cutting rake face 11 of the welding sheet 3 on a first reference plane vertical to the cutter axis is a line segment which is an arc line or a curve, or a combination of more than two of the straight line, the arc line, a regular curve and an irregular curve. The structure of the invention can effectively improve the sharpness of the cutter, reduce the cutting force of the cutter and improve the cutting efficiency; secondly, chip breaking is facilitated by combining the design of the waveform cutting edge, the chip containing space of the PCD cutter can be enlarged, chip removal can be effectively achieved, and meanwhile the strength of the PCD soldering lug of the cutter is ensured; thirdly, the design of the cutting edge zone is combined, so that the cutting is stable, and the generation of burrs during the processing of the composite material can be inhibited.

The foregoing is considered as illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the disclosed embodiments, or equivalent modifications, without departing from the scope of the disclosed embodiments. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the technical scheme of the present invention, unless the technical spirit of the present invention departs from the content of the technical scheme of the present invention.

Claims

1. A PCD cutter for processing composite materials comprises a cutter body and a welding sheet; the cutter body is in a round bar shape and is divided into a cutting part and a handle part along the length direction; in the cutting part, at least one chip removal groove is linearly extended from the end head of the free end of the cutting part to the handle part direction, the surface of each chip removal groove facing the cutting rotation direction is set as a first welding surface, a welding sheet is fixedly welded at the first welding surface of each chip removal groove, and a second welding surface of the welding sheet is fixedly welded with the first welding surface of the cutter body; a surface of the welding piece facing the cutting rotation direction is a cutting rake surface, a surface of the welding piece corresponding to the cutting outer periphery position is a cutting flank surface, the cutting rake surface and the cutting flank surface intersect to form a peripheral cutting edge, and the outer periphery diameter of the cutting part is D; the method is characterized in that: the cutting rake face of the welding sheet is in a non-flat surface shape, the projection of the cutting rake face of the welding sheet on a first reference plane perpendicular to the axis of the cutter is a line segment, and the line segment is an arc line or the combination of a straight line and the arc line; the peripheral cutting edge of the welding sheet is wavy; the wave crest of the wave-shaped peripheral cutting edge is linear, the length of the projection of the linear wave crest on the axis of the cutter is L, and L is more than 0.015D; one end of the cutting front tool face, close to the cutting circumference of the cutter body, is provided with a cutting edge zone, the width of the cutting edge zone is a, and the relation is satisfied: 0-plus a is less than or equal to 0.4D; the cutting edge zone and the second welding surface of the welding sheet form an angle theta, and the relation is satisfied: theta is more than or equal to minus 5 degrees and less than or equal to 30 degrees.

2. A PCD cutter for machining composite materials according to claim 1, characterised in that: the cutting back knife face of welding piece is divided into cutting first back knife face and cutting second back knife face, and is right in the plane of perpendicular to cutter axis the welding piece carries out the section of sectioning, the contained angle of the second reference surface of the second welding face of cutting first back knife face and perpendicular to welding piece is alpha, and the contained angle of the second reference surface of the second welding face of cutting second back knife face and perpendicular to welding piece is beta, and satisfies the relational expression: alpha is more than or equal to 4 degrees and beta is less than or equal to 30 degrees.

3. A PCD cutter for machining composite materials according to claim 2, characterised in that: and the distance from any point on the cutting back tool face to the axis of the tool is not more than 0.5D.

4. A PCD cutter for machining composite materials according to claim 1, characterised in that: among the welding piece, be equipped with the bottom cutting edge in the end position corresponding to the free end of cutting part, the bottom back knife face that the bottom cutting edge corresponds is gamma with the contained angle of the second reference surface of the second face of weld of perpendicular to welding piece, and satisfies the relational expression: gamma is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 30 degrees.

5. A PCD cutter for machining composite materials according to claim 1, characterised in that: the welding piece comprises a cutting layer and a base layer, the hardness of the material adopted by the cutting layer is higher than that of the material adopted by the base layer, the cutting layer is made of PCD (Poly Crystal Diamond) or CBN (cubic boron nitride) or hard alloy, the material of the base layer is made of hard alloy or high-speed steel, the thickness of the cutting layer is m, the thickness of the base layer is n, and the relation is satisfied: the m of the 0.01D yarn-woven fabrics is less than or equal to 0.2D, and the n is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.1D.

6. A PCD cutter for machining composite materials according to claim 1, characterised in that: the cutter body is made of hard alloy or high-speed steel.