Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hot isostatic pressing near-net forming method for an aero-engine turbine blade, which solves the problems of low yield and high manufacturing cost in the prior art for preparing an aero-engine low-pressure turbine blade.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a hot isostatic pressing near-net forming method for an aeroengine turbine blade is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, designing a sheath, wherein the sheath is formed by buckling a main body convex and a main body concave, a convex body matched with the blade-shaped part of the turbine blade is formed in the middle of the main body convex, a concave cavity matched with the blade-shaped part of the turbine blade is formed in the middle of the main body concave, and half cavities matched with the turbine blade are formed in both ends of the main body convex and both ends of the main body concave; the two ends of the main body convex and the main body concave are respectively provided with a lower cover and an upper cover, and a powder inlet pipe is arranged in the upper cover;
step 2, filling metal powder into the sheath obtained in the step 1, and fully compacting the metal powder until the concave cavity and the half cavity are filled with the metal powder;
step 3, heating and vacuumizing the sheath obtained in the step 2, and then welding and sealing the convex part and the concave part of the main body;
step 4, placing the sheath obtained in the step 3 into a hot isostatic pressing furnace for hot isostatic pressing densification;
step 5, removing acid corrosion of the sheath obtained in the step 4 to obtain a blade blank;
step 6, carrying out vacuum heat treatment on the blade blank obtained in the step 5;
and 7, processing tenons and blade crowns at two ends of the blade blank obtained in the step 6 to obtain the turbine blade of the aero-engine
The technical scheme of the invention also has the following characteristics:
as a further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention, in the step 2, the metal powder is Ti4822 alloy powder.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, in the step 3, the vacuum environment is vacuumizedVacuum degree not higher than 5X 10-2Pa。
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, in the step 4, the equivalent pressure of the hot isostatic pressing densification treatment is not less than 150MPa, the hot isostatic pressing densification treatment temperature is 900-1100 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-4 h.
As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention, in the step 4: the main body convex, the main body concave, the upper cover and the lower cover are all made of steel, and the acid corrosion of the sheath is removed by using 30% -50% nitric acid solution.
As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention, in the step 6, the vacuum degree of the vacuum heat treatment is not higher than 4 x 10-3Pa, the temperature is 1250-1400 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2h, and finally the mixture is cooled by a vacuum furnace.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) according to the hot isostatic pressing near-net forming method for the turbine blade of the aero-engine, the blank structure of the low-pressure turbine blade is optimized, the density of the blade is guaranteed, and the yield is improved; (2) the hot isostatic pressing near-net forming method for the turbine blade of the aero-engine, disclosed by the invention, has the advantages of high process controllability, high yield and production cost reduction; (3) the hot isostatic pressing near-net forming method for the turbine blade of the aero-engine, disclosed by the invention, realizes the performance isotropy of the low-pressure turbine blade material; (4) according to the hot isostatic pressing near-net forming method for the turbine blade of the aero-engine, the grain structure of the blade prepared by the process is fine, and the strength and the shape of the blade are improved; (5) compared with the traditional process, the hot isostatic pressing near-net forming method for the turbine blade of the aero-engine has the advantages of small machining amount and few internal defects.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The invention discloses a hot isostatic pressing near-net forming method for turbine blades of an aero-engine, which is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, designing a sheath, wherein the sheath is formed by buckling a main body convex 1 and a main body concave 2, a convex body matched with the blade-shaped part of the turbine blade is formed in the middle of the main body convex 1, a concave cavity matched with the blade-shaped part of the turbine blade is formed in the middle of the main body concave 2, and half cavities matched with the two ends of the turbine blade are formed at the two ends of the main body convex 1 and the two ends of the main body concave 2; two ends of the main body convex 1 and the main body concave 2 are respectively provided with a lower cover 6 and an upper cover 3, and a powder inlet pipe 4 is arranged in the upper cover 3;
step 2, filling Ti4822 alloy powder into the sheath obtained in the step 1, and fully compacting the Ti4822 alloy powder until the concave cavity and the half cavity are filled with metal powder;
step 3, heating and vacuumizing the sheath obtained in the step 2 until the vacuum degree is not higher than 5 multiplied by 10-2Pa, then welding and sealing the space between the main body convex and the main body concave;
step 4, placing the sheath obtained in the step 3 into a hot isostatic pressing furnace for hot isostatic pressing densification, wherein the pressure of each part of the hot isostatic pressing densification is not less than 150MPa, the temperature of the hot isostatic pressing densification is 900-1100 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-4 h;
step 5, removing acid corrosion of the sheath obtained in the step 4 by using 30% -50% nitric acid solution to obtain a blade blank;
step 6, carrying out vacuum heat treatment on the blade blank obtained in the step 5, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum heat treatment is not higher than 4 x 10-3Pa, the temperature is 1250-1400 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2h, and finally the mixture is cooled by a vacuum furnace;
and 7, processing tenons and blade crowns at two ends of the blade blank obtained in the step 6 to obtain the turbine blade of the aero-engine.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, steel is selected as the preparation material of the sheath (the steel sheath has low cost, good welding performance and easy acid etching removal). The sheath mainly comprises the following structures: the main body is convex 1, the main body is concave 2, the upper cover 3, the lower cover 6, the powder inlet pipe 4 and the plug 5. The main body convex 1 is connected with the main body concave 2 through argon arc welding, and the main body convex 1 and the main body concave 2 are combined together according to assembly requirements to form a blade blank cavity similar to the shape of a turbine blade together and form mounting holes matched with the upper cover and the lower cover at two ends respectively.
As shown in fig. 3, the main body protrusion 1 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, a protrusion body is formed at the middle thereof in a shape similar to the shape of the blade of the turbine blade, and half cavities are formed at both ends thereof in a shape similar to the shape of both ends of the turbine blade.
As shown in fig. 4, the main body 2 is a rectangular parallelepiped, a concave cavity similar to the blade-shaped portion of the turbine blade is formed in the middle of the main body, and the other half of the cavity similar to the shape of the two ends of the turbine blade is formed at the two ends of the main body.
As shown in fig. 5, the upper cover 3 is in the shape of a thin-wall trapezoid table, is mounted at one end of the main body concave and the main body convex, and is connected by argon arc welding, a mounting hole 3-1 is formed at the top of the upper cover 3, a powder inlet pipe 4 is mounted in the mounting hole 3-1, and a plug 5 is mounted in the powder inlet pipe 4.
As shown in fig. 6, the lower cover 6 is also in the shape of a thin-walled trapezoidal table, which is installed at the other ends of the main body concavity and the main body convexity, connected by argon arc welding,
the Ti4822 alloy powder was prepared by a plasma rotary electrode method. The technological conditions for preparing the Ti4822 alloy spherical powder by the plasma rotating electrode method are as follows:
the size requirement of raw materials is as follows: the diameter of the electrode is 50 mm-60 mm, the length is 500mm-700mm, the straightness deviation of the electrode bar is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.1mm/m, the roughness is less than 1.6 mu m, and the chemical composition requirements of the electrode are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 chemical composition Table of electrode bar
The powder preparation process has the following parameter requirements: the current is 1000A-1500A; the voltage is 50V-60V; the rotating speed is 15000r/min-20000 r/min; 99.999 percent argon is used for protection in the powder preparation process.
The spherical powder used for the low pressure turbine blade has a particle size in the range of 100 μm to 300. mu.m.
The aero-engine turbine blade (low-pressure turbine blade) prepared by the aero-engine turbine blade hot isostatic pressing near-net forming method is isotropic in performance, and is excellent in tensile strength and yield strength, and the specific table is shown in the following table 2.
TABLE 2
Example 1
The invention discloses a hot isostatic pressing near-net forming method for turbine blades of an aero-engine, which is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, designing a sheath, wherein the sheath is formed by buckling a main body convex 1 and a main body concave 2, a convex body matched with the blade-shaped part of the turbine blade is formed in the middle of the main body convex 1, a concave cavity matched with the blade-shaped part of the turbine blade is formed in the middle of the main body concave 2, and half cavities matched with the two ends of the turbine blade are formed at the two ends of the main body convex 1 and the two ends of the main body concave 2; two ends of the main body convex 1 and the main body concave 2 are respectively provided with a lower cover 6 and an upper cover 3, and a powder inlet pipe 4 is arranged in the upper cover 3;
step 2, filling Ti4822 alloy powder into the sheath obtained in the step 1, and fully compacting the Ti4822 alloy powder until the concave cavity and the half cavity are filled with metal powder;
step 3, heating and vacuumizing the sheath obtained in the step 2 until the vacuum degree is not higher than 5 multiplied by 10-2Pa, then welding and sealing the space between the main body convex and the main body concave;
step 4, placing the sheath obtained in the step 3 into a hot isostatic pressing furnace for hot isostatic pressing densification, wherein the isotropic pressure of the hot isostatic pressing densification is 150MPa, the hot isostatic pressing densification temperature is 900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours;
step 5, removing acid corrosion of the sheath obtained in the step 4 by using 30% nitric acid solution to obtain a blade blank;
step 6, carrying out vacuum heat treatment on the blade blank obtained in the step 5, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum heat treatment is 1 x 10-3Pa, the temperature is 1250 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and finally the mixture is cooled by a vacuum furnace;
and 7, processing tenons and blade crowns at two ends of the blade blank obtained in the step 6 to obtain the turbine blade of the aero-engine.
Example 2
The invention discloses a hot isostatic pressing near-net forming method for turbine blades of an aero-engine, which is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, designing a sheath, wherein the sheath is formed by buckling a main body convex 1 and a main body concave 2, a convex body matched with the blade-shaped part of the turbine blade is formed in the middle of the main body convex 1, a concave cavity matched with the blade-shaped part of the turbine blade is formed in the middle of the main body concave 2, and half cavities matched with the two ends of the turbine blade are formed at the two ends of the main body convex 1 and the two ends of the main body concave 2; two ends of the main body convex 1 and the main body concave 2 are respectively provided with a lower cover 6 and an upper cover 3, and a powder inlet pipe 4 is arranged in the upper cover 3;
step 2, filling Ti4822 alloy powder into the sheath obtained in the step 1, and fully compacting the Ti4822 alloy powder until the concave cavity and the half cavity are filled with metal powder;
step 3, heating and vacuumizing the sheath obtained in the step 2Until the vacuum degree is 3X 10-2Pa, then welding and sealing the space between the main body convex and the main body concave;
step 4, placing the sheath obtained in the step 3 into a hot isostatic pressing furnace for hot isostatic pressing densification, wherein the hot isostatic pressing densification is performed under the same pressure of 200MPa, the hot isostatic pressing densification is performed at the temperature of 1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours;
step 5, removing acid corrosion of the sheath obtained in the step 4 by using 40% nitric acid solution to obtain a blade blank;
step 6, carrying out vacuum heat treatment on the blade blank obtained in the step 5, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum heat treatment is 2 x 10-3Pa, the temperature is 1350 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and finally the mixture is cooled by a vacuum furnace;
and 7, processing tenons and blade crowns at two ends of the blade blank obtained in the step 6 to obtain the turbine blade of the aero-engine.
Example 3
The invention discloses a hot isostatic pressing near-net forming method for turbine blades of an aero-engine, which is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, designing a sheath, wherein the sheath is formed by buckling a main body convex 1 and a main body concave 2, a convex body matched with the blade-shaped part of the turbine blade is formed in the middle of the main body convex 1, a concave cavity matched with the blade-shaped part of the turbine blade is formed in the middle of the main body concave 2, and half cavities matched with the two ends of the turbine blade are formed at the two ends of the main body convex 1 and the two ends of the main body concave 2; two ends of the main body convex 1 and the main body concave 2 are respectively provided with a lower cover 6 and an upper cover 3, and a powder inlet pipe 4 is arranged in the upper cover 3;
step 2, filling Ti4822 alloy powder into the sheath obtained in the step 1, and fully compacting the Ti4822 alloy powder until the concave cavity and the half cavity are filled with metal powder;
step 3, heating and vacuumizing the sheath obtained in the step 2 until the vacuum degree is 1 multiplied by 10-2Pa, then welding and sealing the space between the main body convex and the main body concave;
step 4, placing the sheath obtained in the step 3 into a hot isostatic pressing furnace for hot isostatic pressing densification, wherein the isotropic pressure of the hot isostatic pressing densification is 1000MPa, the hot isostatic pressing densification temperature is 1100 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours;
step 5, removing acid corrosion of the sheath obtained in the step 4 by using a 50% nitric acid solution to obtain a blade blank;
step 6, carrying out vacuum heat treatment on the blade blank obtained in the step 5, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum heat treatment is 4 x 10-3Pa, the temperature is 1400 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and finally the mixture is cooled by a vacuum furnace;
and 7, processing tenons and blade crowns at two ends of the blade blank obtained in the step 6 to obtain the turbine blade of the aero-engine.
While the foregoing description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood, as noted above, that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.