CN113663633A - Novel hydrogen peroxide multistage catalytic decomposition type gas generator - Google Patents
Novel hydrogen peroxide multistage catalytic decomposition type gas generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN113663633A CN113663633A CN202110943262.1A CN202110943262A CN113663633A CN 113663633 A CN113663633 A CN 113663633A CN 202110943262 A CN202110943262 A CN 202110943262A CN 113663633 A CN113663633 A CN 113663633A
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J19/0013—Controlling the temperature of the process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0053—Details of the reactor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
- B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
- B01J4/002—Nozzle-type elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2204/00—Aspects relating to feed or outlet devices; Regulating devices for feed or outlet devices
- B01J2204/002—Aspects relating to feed or outlet devices; Regulating devices for feed or outlet devices the feeding side being of particular interest
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00054—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system
- B01J2219/00056—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system involving measured parameters
- B01J2219/00058—Temperature measurement
- B01J2219/00063—Temperature measurement of the reactants
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of rocket engines, in particular to a novel hydrogen peroxide multistage catalytic decomposition type gas generator, which comprises a 1-level hydrogen peroxide inlet, wherein a 1-level hydrogen peroxide silver mesh catalytic bed, a 1-level lattice structure, a 2-level hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc, a 2-level downstream mixing cavity, a 2-level lattice structure, a 3-level hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc, a 3-level downstream mixing cavity, a 3-level lattice structure and a generator outlet are sequentially arranged at the downstream of the 1-level hydrogen peroxide inlet; the gas generator generates high-temperature high-pressure gas with rated flow through the self-decomposition reaction of the multi-stage hydrogen peroxide, pushes mechanical equipment such as a turbine and the like to do work, realizes large-range adjustment of the flow of the gas generator through three-stage gas inlet, simultaneously ensures stable working pressure and improves the working capacity of the generator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rocket engines, in particular to a novel hydrogen peroxide multistage catalytic decomposition type gas generator.
Background
In recent years, the reusable rocket is a development hotspot and trend of aerospace at home and abroad, and can greatly reduce the cost of aerospace launching. The engine system of the rocket is the core of the rocket, and the gas generator cycle is one of the main cycle modes of the rocket engine. The generators commonly used in rockets are classified into oil-rich gas generators and oxygen-rich gas generators. The oxygen-enriched combustion can fully utilize fuel, and if the concentration of oxygen can be controlled, the ignition erosion of oxygen enrichment to parts such as a combustion chamber and the like can be effectively controlled, so that the working efficiency and the service life of the generator are improved. The method for directly pushing the turbine to do work by the high-temperature high-oxygen gas generated by the catalytic reaction of high-concentration hydrogen peroxide (more than 80%) can effectively and greatly reduce the oxygen concentration in the high-temperature reaction gas. Meanwhile, the cooling requirement of the generator can be reduced, the system is simplified, and the safety stability and safety are improved. In addition, the reaction gas generated by the generator mainly comprises oxygen and water vapor, and is green and environment-friendly.
However, the flow regulation range of the generator is limited due to the influence of factors such as the load of the catalytic bed and the gas-liquid two-phase flow in the reaction chamber; specifically, in the use process, when the actual flow rate is smaller than the designed flow rate, pressure oscillation (shown in fig. 1) at the inlet and the outlet of the generator is easily caused, so that normal use is influenced; when the actual flow rate exceeds the design value, the temperature at the outlet of the generator drops due to insufficient reaction of part of the hydrogen peroxide, and the working efficiency of the generator is reduced. To this end, a catalytic decomposition type generator for hydrogen peroxide having a novel structure is proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a novel hydrogen peroxide multistage catalytic decomposition type gas generator, which overcomes the defects of the prior art, has reasonable design and compact structure, and effectively solves the problems mentioned in the background.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a novel multistage catalytic decomposition formula gas generator of hydrogen peroxide, includes 1 level hydrogen peroxide entry, the low reaches of 1 level hydrogen peroxide entry have set gradually 1 level hydrogen peroxide silver net catalytic bed, 1 level lattice structure, 2 levels hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection dish, 2 levels low reaches mixing chamber, 2 levels lattice structure, 3 levels hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection dish, 3 levels low reaches mixing chamber, 3 levels lattice structure and generator export, be provided with 2 levels hydrogen peroxide entry on the 2 levels hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection dish, be provided with 3 levels hydrogen peroxide entry on the 3 levels hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection dish.
Preferably, the shell of the gas generator, the level 1 lattice structure, the level 2 hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc and the level 3 hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc are all manufactured by 3D printing and integrated molding.
Preferably, the grade 1 silver hydrogen peroxide net catalytic bed adopts a cylindrical structure which is convenient to fill, and a plurality of layers of silver nets are arranged in the grade 1 silver hydrogen peroxide net catalytic bed.
Preferably, the distance between adjacent nodes in the 1-level lattice structure and the 2-level lattice structure is 1 mm.
Preferably, the liquid outlet holes and the gas outlet holes in the 2-stage hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc and the 3-stage hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc, which are close to the side wall of the gas generator shell, are parallel to the side wall of the gas generator shell.
Preferably, the inner diameter of the air outlet is 3-4 times of the inner diameter of the liquid outlet.
Preferably, the mass fraction of hydrogen peroxide is greater than 80%.
The invention also provides a using method of the novel hydrogen peroxide multistage catalytic decomposition type gas generator, which comprises the following steps:
s1: hydrogen peroxide enters a 1-level hydrogen peroxide silver net catalytic bed through a 1-level hydrogen peroxide inlet, is subjected to rectification distribution, is decomposed into high-temperature oxygen and water vapor, and flows into a 1-level lattice structure;
s2: when the temperature of the decomposed gas at the outlet of the monitoring generator reaches the decomposition temperature, introducing hydrogen peroxide from the 2-level hydrogen peroxide inlet, rapidly heating the introduced hydrogen peroxide by the decomposed gas in the 2-level hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc, activating the self-decomposition reaction of the hydrogen peroxide, and fully reacting through the 2-level downstream mixing cavity and the 2-level lattice structure until the flow of the hydrogen peroxide is increased to a set value;
s3: when the temperature of the decomposed gas at the outlet of the monitoring generator reaches the complete decomposition temperature, introducing hydrogen peroxide from the 3-level hydrogen peroxide inlet, activating the self-decomposition by using a 3-level hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc, and fully reacting through a 3-level downstream mixing cavity and a 3-level lattice structure until the flow of the hydrogen peroxide is increased to a set value;
s4: monitoring the gas temperature at the outlet of the generator to reach the complete decomposition temperature, and at the moment, the whole gas generator is in a rated flow working state.
(III) advantageous effects
The embodiment of the invention provides a novel hydrogen peroxide multistage catalytic decomposition type gas generator, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. through adopting high concentration hydrogen peroxide, green is pollution-free to the environment, and gas generator produces rated flow's high temperature high-pressure gas through multistage hydrogen peroxide's self-decomposition reaction, promotes the turbine work, and 1 level hydrogen peroxide flows through silver net catalytic bed decomposition and produces high temperature oxygen and steam to other the hydrogen peroxide that each grade of entry lets in of downstream activation, admit air through the tertiary, realize adjusting on a large scale of gas generator flow, the biggest regulation flow ratio is 1: 5: 25, simultaneously, the working pressure is ensured to be stable, and the working capacity of the generator is improved;
2. the integrally formed 1-level lattice structure 3 and 2-level lattice structure 4 are used for increasing the residence time of hydrogen peroxide, ensuring the decomposition rate and playing a role in inhibiting pressure oscillation, and the distance between adjacent nodes in the 1-level lattice structure 3 and the 2-level lattice structure 4 is 1mm, so that the structural stability and the flow resistance characteristic are ensured;
3. the multi-layer silver net is arranged in the 1-level hydrogen peroxide silver net catalytic bed 2, so that hydrogen peroxide is ensured to fully contact the silver net in the catalytic bed and be stably decomposed;
4. the inner diameter of the air outlet hole of the injection disc is 3-4 times of the inner diameter of the liquid outlet hole, so that matching pressure drop is realized, and the liquid atomization effect is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the oscillation of the pressure at the inlet and outlet of the generator;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a lattice structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a view of a jet disk structure of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a 1-1 level hydrogen peroxide inlet, a 2-1 level hydrogen peroxide silver net catalyst bed, a 3-1 level lattice structure, a 4-2 level lattice structure, a 5-3 level lattice structure, a 6-2 level hydrogen peroxide inlet, a 7-2 level hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc, an 8-3 level hydrogen peroxide inlet, a 9-3 level hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc, a 10-2 level downstream mixing cavity, a 11-3 level downstream mixing cavity and a 12-generator outlet.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following figures 2-4 and examples:
example 1
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, a novel hydrogen peroxide multistage catalytic decomposition type gas generator includes a level 1 hydrogen peroxide inlet 1, a level 1 silver mesh catalytic bed 2, a level 1 lattice structure 3, a level 2 hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disk 7, a level 2 downstream mixing cavity 10, a level 2 lattice structure 4, a level 3 hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disk 9, a level 3 downstream mixing cavity 11, a level 3 lattice structure 5, and a generator outlet 12 are sequentially disposed downstream of the level 1 hydrogen peroxide inlet 1, a level 2 hydrogen peroxide inlet 6 is disposed on the level 2 hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disk 7, and a level 3 hydrogen peroxide inlet 8 is disposed on the level 3 hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disk 9. The shell of the gas generator, the 1-level lattice structure 3, the 2-level lattice structure 4, the 2-level hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc 7 and the 3-level hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc 9 are all manufactured by adopting 3D printing integrated forming, wherein the 1-level lattice structure 3 and the 2-level lattice structure 4 which are integrally formed are used for increasing the residence time of hydrogen peroxide, ensuring the decomposition rate and playing a role in inhibiting pressure oscillation. The distance between adjacent nodes in the 1-level lattice structure 3 and the 2-level lattice structure 4 is 1mm, so that the structural stability and the flow resistance characteristic are ensured. The 1-level silver hydrogen peroxide net catalytic bed 2 adopts a cylindrical structure convenient for filling, and a plurality of layers of silver nets are arranged in the 1-level silver hydrogen peroxide net catalytic bed 2, so that hydrogen peroxide is guaranteed to fully contact with the silver nets in the catalytic bed and is stably decomposed.
The 2-stage hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc 7 and the 3-stage hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc 9 are identical in overall structure, a hydrogen peroxide liquid inlet of the injection disc is arranged in the radial direction of the injection disc, and liquid media are conveyed to each liquid outlet hole through four layers of mutually communicated annular confluence grooves. Liquid outlet holes are uniformly distributed along the four layers of annular confluence grooves, and the total number of the liquid outlet holes is 50; the axially flowing pyrolysis gas flows through the jetting disc through the gas outlet holes between the liquid converging grooves and fully contacts with liquid jetted by the liquid outlet holes to activate the self-decomposition reaction of the pyrolysis gas, and the gas outlet holes are divided into four layers and are uniformly distributed along the circumference, and the total number of the gas outlet holes is 50. The inner diameter of the air outlet is 3-4 times of that of the liquid outlet, so that the matching pressure drop is realized, and the liquid atomization effect is improved. The liquid outlet holes and the gas outlet holes in the 2-stage hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc 7 and the 3-stage hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc 9, which are close to the side wall of the gas generator shell, are parallel to the side wall of the gas generator shell, and the liquid outlet holes and the gas outlet holes which are close to the middle part are axially arranged. The mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is more than 80 percent, and the hydrogen peroxide is green and environment-friendly and has no pollution to the environment.
Example 2
Based on the embodiment 1, the novel hydrogen peroxide multistage catalytic decomposition type gas generator is used as follows:
s1: hydrogen peroxide enters a 1-level hydrogen peroxide silver net catalytic bed 2 through a 1-level hydrogen peroxide inlet 1, is decomposed into high-temperature oxygen and water vapor through rectification distribution and flows into a 1-level lattice structure 3; the introducing time of the hydrogen peroxide in the step is sufficient to completely activate the silver mesh, and when the gas at the outlet 12 of the generator is observed to be changed from white fog to transparent or the temperature of the decomposition gas is monitored to reach the decomposition temperature, the hydrogen peroxide can be introduced from the 2-level hydrogen peroxide inlet 6;
s2: when the temperature of the decomposed gas at the outlet 12 of the monitoring generator reaches the decomposition temperature, introducing hydrogen peroxide from the 2-level hydrogen peroxide inlet 6, rapidly heating the introduced hydrogen peroxide by the decomposed gas in the 2-level hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc 7, activating the self-decomposition reaction of the hydrogen peroxide, and fully reacting through the 2-level downstream mixing cavity 10 and the 2-level lattice structure 4 until the flow of the hydrogen peroxide is increased to a set value; in the process, the gas at the outlet 12 of the generator is observed to become transparent or the temperature of the monitored gas reaches the complete decomposition temperature, and then the hydrogen peroxide can be introduced from the 3-level hydrogen peroxide inlet 8;
s3: when the temperature of the decomposed gas at the outlet 12 of the monitoring generator reaches the complete decomposition temperature, hydrogen peroxide is introduced from the 3-level hydrogen peroxide inlet 8, the self-decomposition is activated by the 3-level hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc 9, and the hydrogen peroxide fully reacts through the 3-level downstream mixing cavity 11 and the 3-level lattice structure 5 until the flow of the hydrogen peroxide is increased to a set value;
s4: the gas at the outlet 12 of the monitoring generator becomes transparent or the temperature of the monitoring gas reaches the complete decomposition temperature, and at the moment, the whole gas generator is in a rated flow working state.
The embodiments of the present invention are disclosed as the preferred embodiments, but not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can easily understand the spirit of the present invention and make various extensions and changes without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A novel multistage catalytic decomposition formula gas generator of hydrogen peroxide, includes 1 grade hydrogen peroxide entry (1), its characterized in that: the device comprises a 1-level hydrogen peroxide inlet (1), and is characterized in that a 1-level hydrogen peroxide silver mesh catalytic bed (2), a 1-level lattice structure (3), a 2-level hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc (7), a 2-level downstream mixing cavity (10), a 2-level lattice structure (4), a 3-level hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc (9), a 3-level downstream mixing cavity (11), a 3-level lattice structure (5) and a generator outlet (12) are sequentially arranged at the downstream of the 1-level hydrogen peroxide inlet (1), a 2-level hydrogen peroxide inlet (6) is arranged on the 2-level hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc (7), and a 3-level hydrogen peroxide inlet (8) is arranged on the 3-level hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc (9).
2. The novel multistage catalytic decomposition type gas generator of hydrogen peroxide as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the shell of the gas generator, the level 1 lattice structure (3), the level 2 lattice structure (4), the level 2 hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc (7) and the level 3 hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc (9) are all manufactured by 3D printing integrated forming.
3. The novel multistage catalytic decomposition type gas generator of hydrogen peroxide as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the grade 1 silver hydrogen peroxide net catalyst bed (2) adopts a cylindrical structure convenient to fill, and a plurality of layers of silver nets are arranged in the grade 1 silver hydrogen peroxide net catalyst bed (2).
4. The novel multistage catalytic decomposition type gas generator of hydrogen peroxide as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the distance between adjacent nodes in the 1-level lattice structure (3) and the 2-level lattice structure (4) is 1 mm.
5. The novel multistage catalytic decomposition type gas generator of hydrogen peroxide as claimed in claim 1, wherein: liquid outlet holes and air outlet holes in the 2-stage hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc (7) and the 3-stage hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc (9) close to the side wall of the gas generator shell are parallel to the side wall of the gas generator shell.
6. The novel multi-stage catalytic decomposition type gas generator of hydrogen peroxide as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the inner diameter of the air outlet is 3-4 times of that of the liquid outlet.
7. The novel multistage catalytic decomposition type gas generator of hydrogen peroxide as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is more than 80%.
8. The use method of the novel multi-stage catalytic decomposition type gas generator for hydrogen peroxide according to claims 1 to 7, wherein the use method of the gas generator comprises the following steps:
s1: hydrogen peroxide enters a grade 1 silver hydrogen peroxide net catalytic bed (2) through a grade 1 hydrogen peroxide inlet (1), is rectified and distributed, is decomposed into high-temperature oxygen and water vapor and flows into a grade 1 lattice structure (3);
s2: when the temperature of the decomposed gas at the outlet (12) of the monitoring generator reaches the decomposition temperature, introducing hydrogen peroxide from the 2-level hydrogen peroxide inlet (6), rapidly heating the introduced hydrogen peroxide by the decomposed gas in the 2-level hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc (7), activating the self-decomposition reaction of the hydrogen peroxide, and fully reacting through the 2-level downstream mixing cavity (10) and the 2-level lattice structure (4) until the flow of the hydrogen peroxide is increased to a set value;
s3: when the temperature of the decomposed gas at the outlet (12) of the monitoring generator reaches the complete decomposition temperature, hydrogen peroxide is introduced from the 3-level hydrogen peroxide inlet (8), the self-decomposition is activated by the 3-level hydrogen peroxide gas-liquid injection disc (9), and the hydrogen peroxide fully reacts through the 3-level downstream mixing cavity (11) and the 3-level lattice structure (5) until the flow of the hydrogen peroxide is increased to a set value;
s4: monitoring the gas temperature at the generator outlet (12) to a full decomposition temperature, at which time the entire gas generator is in a rated flow operating condition.
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| CN115814710A (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2023-03-21 | 西安航天动力研究所 | Hydrogen peroxide decomposition chamber and pressure drop design method thereof |
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