CN113662587A - Portable fatty liver detection device based on ultrasound and data processing method thereof - Google Patents
Portable fatty liver detection device based on ultrasound and data processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical equipment, and particularly relates to a portable fatty liver detection device based on ultrasound and a data processing method thereof. Aiming at the difficulty of miniaturization and portability of the ultrasonic-based fatty liver detection device in the prior art, the invention provides a data processing method of the ultrasonic-based portable fatty liver detection device, which comprises the following steps: enabling an ultrasonic probe to emit ultrasonic waves with at least two frequencies and receive ultrasonic echo data, and obtaining ultrasonic RF data after performing beam forming on the ultrasonic echo data; and finally, outputting the ultrasonic RF data according to the instruction of a user, or carrying out post-processing on the ultrasonic RF data in the portable fatty liver detection device. The invention also provides a portable fatty liver detection device with simple structure, low power and small volume. Under the condition of extremely low requirement on the chip structure, the invention enables the portable equipment to detect the fatty liver by obtaining the results of ultrasonic attenuation coefficient or elastic imaging and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical equipment, and particularly relates to a portable fatty liver detection device based on ultrasound and a data processing method thereof.
Background
Fatty liver refers to a disease in which normal liver tissue is replaced with more than 5% to 6% fat. In this disease, the accumulation of fat leads to inflammation, cell death and scar formation, which we also refer to as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Steatohepatitis, if left untreated, can lead to liver fibrosis, resulting in reduced blood flow throughout the liver and the formation of scar tissue. Further, liver fibrosis may lead to cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer. From a global perspective, approximately 1/4 people have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, with slight differences between countries and between people. The prevalence rate of fatty liver in our country is slightly higher than the average level in the world.
The general examination methods include liver function blood examination, abdominal B-ultrasonic examination, abdominal CT examination, MRI examination, ultrasonic elastography, magnetic resonance elastography or liver biopsy, and especially the ultrasonic B-ultrasonic examination is most popular. Treatment of fatty liver or liver fibrosis usually consists in the rational prevention, slowing or reversing the progression of liver fibrosis. Regimens include lifestyle changes, drug therapy, and cholesterol and diabetes management, among others.
The detection mode of fatty liver is most commonly used for diagnosis by doctors through routine B-ultrasonic scanning of liver. With the intensive research on the characteristics and detection methods of fatty liver, many new methods are also beginning to be emphasized and applied to the detection equipment. For example, elastography is mainly used for measuring the hardness of the liver by measuring the strain generated when the liver is vibrated, and further determining the severity of the fatty liver. The method is widely applied, but related equipment is expensive and large in size, and is not beneficial to popularization of fatty liver detection. Researchers also perform fatty liver detection according to the change of the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, but the data is based on large-scale ultrasonic equipment, and an effective system equipment scheme is not formed yet, not to say, portable low-cost detection equipment is provided.
In a fatty liver ultrasonic testing apparatus, a relatively complex processing system is generally required in order to increase the channel data volume. In digital beam-forming systems, multiple high-speed, high-resolution ADCs are typically employed. On the other hand, in view of the fact that the sampling rate of the ADC directly affects the resolution and the accuracy of the phase delay adjustment between channels, the higher the sampling rate is, the finer the phase delay is; but correspondingly, increasing the sampling rate results in increased power consumption. The above two problems lead to difficulties in the design of portable devices. For example, typical 128-channel all-digital beamforming requires 16 8-channel high-speed ADCs, the power consumption and heat dissipation of which far exceed the design requirements of portable devices.
Therefore, the main factors restricting the miniaturization and portability of the fatty liver ultrasonic detection device in the prior art are as follows: the processing process of the ultrasonic signals is complex, so that parts such as chip sets of the equipment are complex, and the power supply, the heat dissipation and the occupied space of the equipment are adversely affected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the difficulty of miniaturization and portability of a fatty liver detection device based on ultrasound in the prior art, the invention provides a portable fatty liver detection device based on ultrasound and a data processing method thereof, and aims to provide a portable fatty liver detection device based on ultrasound and a data processing method thereof, wherein the portable fatty liver detection device comprises a main body and a main body, wherein the main body comprises a first ultrasonic probe, a second ultrasonic probe, a first ultrasonic probe and a second ultrasonic probe, and the first ultrasonic probe is arranged on the main body, the second ultrasonic probe is arranged on the main body, and the first ultrasonic probe is arranged on the main body: by improving the processing method of ultrasonic data, the requirements of chips in the device are reduced, and the requirements of power supply, heat dissipation and space of equipment are further reduced, so that the equipment is more suitable for portable equipment.
A data processing method of a portable fatty liver detection device based on ultrasound comprises the following steps: enabling an ultrasonic probe to emit ultrasonic waves with at least two frequencies and receive ultrasonic echo data, and obtaining ultrasonic RF data after performing beam forming on the ultrasonic echo data; and finally, outputting the ultrasonic RF data according to the instruction of a user, or carrying out post-processing on the ultrasonic RF data in the portable fatty liver detection device.
Preferably, the ultrasonic echo data is acquired by transmitting ultrasonic waves of two frequencies, and the size relationship of the two frequencies is an integral multiple; further preferably, the two frequencies are 3-5MHz and 6-10MHz, respectively.
Preferably, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the ultrasonic probe transmits cylindrical waves in a synthetic transmission mode and receives ultrasonic echo data;
(2) reconstructing transmitted cylindrical wave and received echo data by adopting an aperture synthesis technology to obtain beam data;
(3) adopting a beam parallel synthesis technology, changing the array combination of the emission and/or the reception of the ultrasonic probe, repeating the step (1) and the step (2), and superposing the beam data obtained by each repetition with the previous beam data to obtain new beam data; until the array combination of transmission and/or reception is adopted once, the finally obtained beam data is the ultrasonic RF data;
(4) and outputting the ultrasonic RF data according to the instruction of a user, or performing post-processing on the ultrasonic RF data in the portable fatty liver detection device.
Preferably, in the step (4), the post-treatment comprises the following steps:
(a) respectively carrying out band-pass filtering on ultrasonic RF data obtained by cylindrical waves of each frequency;
(b) performing data demodulation on the data obtained in the step (a);
(c) sequentially performing low-pass filtering and signal down-sampling on the data obtained in the step (b);
(d) enveloping the data obtained in the step (c) to obtain an attenuation curve corresponding to ultrasonic RF data obtained by cylindrical waves of each frequency;
(e) after the attenuation curves are subjected to logarithmic compression respectively, the difference values obtained by subtraction are subjected to linear fitting, and the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient alpha can be obtained.
Preferably, in the step (b), the data demodulation method is quadrature demodulation, and data of an I channel and a Q channel are obtained; in the step (c), low-pass filtering and signal down-sampling are sequentially carried out on the data of the channel I and the channel Q respectively; in the step (d), the data of the I channel and the Q channel processed in the step (c) are subjected to envelope processing.
Preferably, in the step (e), the calculation method of the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient α is:
wherein f is1And f2For the probe emission frequency, I (d) is the ultrasonic signal intensity, and d is the ultrasonic propagation depth.
The invention also provides a portable ultrasonic fatty liver detection device, which comprises a front-end ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device, a processing chip and a power supply; the front-end ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device comprises an ultrasonic probe, a high-voltage pulse generator and an ultrasonic transmitting and receiving chip;
the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving chip and the processing chip are used for processing data according to the method.
Preferably, the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving chip is an AFE5805 chip, and is configured to control the ultrasonic probe to transmit cylindrical waves and receive ultrasonic echo data; and/or the processing chip is an FPGA chip and is used for implementing the data processing processes of data reconstruction, superposition and output in the method.
Preferably, a selector for controlling the RF data trend is arranged in the FPGA chip, and the RF data trend is directly output or processed into an image signal.
Preferably, the ultrasonic probe is a multi-array element ultrasonic probe.
Preferably, the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving chip comprises ADCs, and the number of the ADCs is one.
The method of the invention utilizes the beam forming technology to realize the multiplexing of the array elements and the processing chip on the ultrasonic probe, thereby reducing the complexity of the ultrasonic probe and the processing chip on the premise of not losing the channel data volume and reducing the transmitting power of the ultrasonic probe and the working power of the processing chip. Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention can greatly reduce the size and power of the equipment, so that the equipment can be miniaturized and portable.
The typical 128-channel all-digital beamforming requires 16 8-channel high-speed ADCs, the power consumption and heat dissipation requirements of which far exceed the design requirements of portable devices. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the 128-channel full digital beamforming can be performed by 1 ADC.
Obviously, many modifications, substitutions, and variations are possible in light of the above teachings of the invention, without departing from the basic technical spirit of the invention, as defined by the following claims.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples. This should not be understood as limiting the scope of the above-described subject matter of the present invention to the following examples. All the technologies realized based on the above contents of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the system configuration of a portable ultrasonic-based fatty liver detection apparatus according to example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a selector in embodiment 1;
FIG. 3 is an example of a grayscale chart of RF data in example 2;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating the RF data processing according to embodiment 2;
FIG. 5 shows two attenuation curves obtained before and after the hand-pressing of the test site in example 2.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples. It should be noted that, in the embodiment, the algorithm of the steps of data acquisition, transmission, storage, processing, etc. which are not specifically described, as well as the hardware structure, circuit connection, etc. which are not specifically described, can be implemented by the contents disclosed in the prior art.
Example 1: portable fatty liver detection device based on ultrasound
The system structure of the device of the present embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and includes a front-end ultrasound transmitting and receiving device, a processing chip, and a power supply. The front-end ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device comprises a probe, a high-voltage pulse generator and an ultrasonic transmitting and receiving chip.
The ultrasonic transmitting and receiving chip in this embodiment is an AFE5805 chip. The AFE5805 chip is used for controlling the transmission and reception of ultrasonic signals. The ultrasonic transmitting and receiving chip comprises an ADC, and the number of the ADCs is one.
The ultrasonic probe of the embodiment is a multi-array element probe, and frequency doubling setting is adopted, namely, the two emitted frequencies are integral multiples. The two frequencies can be transmitted simultaneously or sequentially with a time difference.
The processing chip is an FPGA chip. The FPGA chip is used for processing the acquired ultrasonic signals and converting the ultrasonic signals into RF data, and meanwhile, the FPGA chip plays a role in controlling the front-end ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device. The FPGA issues an instruction to control the high-voltage pulse generator to transmit an electric signal and receive a digital signal transmitted by the AFE5805, and then the RF data formed by beam forming is transmitted to the PC through the USB interface. In this embodiment, the FPGA chip includes a multi-channel band-pass filter for receiving signals, and filters the received echo signals with a digital filter, decomposes and analyzes the received multi-channel bandwidth signals, and performs gain compensation on the ultrasonic signals. As a preferable scheme, a selector for controlling the RF data direction is arranged in the FPGA chip, the RF data direction is controlled to be directly output or processed into an image signal through the 0,1 setting of the selector logic, and the principle of the selector is as shown in fig. 2.
The power supply is responsible for providing electric power support required by the work of each system of the device and simultaneously providing a sufficiently strong working voltage for the high-voltage pulse generator.
The device provided by the embodiment has the advantages of simple structure, low power and small volume, thereby realizing the portability of the device.
Example 2: data processing method of portable fatty liver detection device based on ultrasound
The apparatus used in this example is the portable fatty liver detection apparatus based on ultrasound described in example 1, and this example provides a processing method for the acquired ultrasound data.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the ultrasonic probe emits cylindrical waves in a synthetic emission mode and acquires ultrasonic echo data;
(2) reconstructing data obtained by the transmitted cylindrical wave and the received echo by adopting an aperture synthesis technology to obtain beam data;
(3) adopting a beam parallel synthesis technology, changing the array combination of transmission and/or reception of the ultrasonic probe, repeating the step (1) and the step (2), superposing the beam data obtained by each repetition with the previous beam data to obtain new beam data, and obtaining the finally obtained beam data which is the ultrasonic RF data after the array combination of transmission and/or reception is completely adopted once;
(4) and outputting the ultrasonic RF data according to the instruction of a user, or performing post-processing on the ultrasonic RF data in an FPGA chip of the portable fatty liver detection device.
The existing middle and low-end ultrasonic equipment transmits 1 ultrasonic beam (namely cylindrical wave of the application) in a single channel and receives 1 piece of echo data; the high-end equipment of GE and Siemens can transmit 1 ultrasonic beam in a single channel at a time and receive 2-4 echo data. The method provided by the embodiment can enable the ultrasonic equipment to transmit 1 cylindrical wave at a time and receive 64-128 pieces of echo data. Because 64-128 transmitted ultrasonic beams can be received simultaneously, the ultra-high speed image refreshing frequency of more than 3000 frames per second can be realized. By means of an optimization algorithm technology, after 64-128 received back reflected ultrasonic beams are subjected to superposition calculation, the quality of images finally displayed on the ultrasonic equipment is obviously improved. The method achieves the purpose of acquiring high-quality ultrasonic RF data by using a simple and low-power-consumption ultrasonic probe and a processing chip, thereby being beneficial to the miniaturization and portability of the device.
The grayscale representation of the detected ultrasonic RF data in this embodiment is shown in fig. 3, for example, in which both axes can be understood as a time axis, the vertical axis is the ultrasonic wave emission return process, and the horizontal axis is the RF data acquisition duration. The brightness of fig. 3 represents the amplitude of the echo intensity, and the amplitude is higher and brighter, and the amplitude is lower and darker. In this embodiment, 2048 points in the longitudinal direction represent one piece of echo data, and 2560 points in the transverse direction represent 2560 pieces of data. The dot pitch in the longitudinal direction is determined by the system sampling Frequency, and the dot pitch in the transverse direction is determined by the PRF (Pulse repetition Frequency). In data analysis, the longitudinal time axis can be converted into depth, and the transverse direction is regarded as the time for acquiring data, so that 2048 points of each longitudinal line can be regarded as echo data, and the amplitude of an echo signal is obtained in analysis.
The present embodiment can directly output RF data. At present, the prior art also has a technical scheme of comparing the fatty liver with the normal liver by using the processing result of ultrasonic data, but the ultrasonic images directly output by medical ultrasonic equipment are basically adopted, and the images are specific to doctors and patients, so that the ultrasonic RF data acquisition function is not available. However, typically the image information viewed by the user from the ultrasound device is missing much of the important information compared to the most raw RF data generated by the device. And the data on each node has its own value. RF data carries acoustic information rich in reflection points, including many information that cannot be identified by the naked eye, such as phase and frequency. If the acquisition is started from the step of RF data, rich information in the RF data can be fully utilized, so that a more accurate image can be obtained. The system related to the embodiment is based on ultrasonic RF data in hardware acquisition and software analysis, compared with the traditional ultrasonic equipment detection mode, the acquired ultrasonic RF data can be directly led into a PC (personal computer) end for display, and the post-processing such as envelope and logarithmic compression of an FPGA (field programmable gate array) chip is not carried out, so that the obtained data is relatively complete (the information quantity is 10-20 times of the image data), and even the information comprises information such as phase and frequency, and abundant information quantity can be subjected to custom scientific analysis, so that accurate detection of the fatty liver is possible under the condition that a detection device adopts lower hardware configuration for realizing miniaturization.
And the RF data is input into a PC through a USB interface connected with the FPGA chip for further processing. For RF data, a preferred processing procedure is shown in fig. 4, and includes the following steps:
(a) respectively performing band-pass filtering on ultrasonic RF data obtained by ultrasonic signals of two frequencies;
(b) performing quadrature demodulation on the data obtained in the step (a) to obtain two paths of orthogonal local oscillation signals of an I channel and a Q channel. The ultrasonic RF data is an ultrasonic echo signal and is positioned in a high-frequency segment, and the frequency of the ultrasonic echo signal can be converted to a fundamental frequency by the processing of quadrature demodulation, so that the signal processing becomes easier.
(c) And (c) sequentially performing low-pass filtering on the data obtained in the step (b) because the signal obtained by the quadrature demodulation still contains part of high-frequency signals. Then signal down-sampling is performed. The signal down-sampling saves the data of the original signal without losing, greatly reduces the processing amount of the ultrasonic signal data, and can improve the software code operating efficiency.
(d) Enveloping the data obtained in the step (c) to obtain two groups of attenuation curves corresponding to the ultrasonic signals with two frequencies;
(e) after the two groups of attenuation curves are subjected to logarithmic compression respectively, the difference obtained by subtraction is subjected to linear fitting, and the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient alpha can be obtained.
The amplitude of the signal in the ultrasound image I (f, d) can be expressed as follows:
I(f，d)＝A(f)D(f，d)R(f，d)G(d)exp(-2αdf)
to reduce the effect of gain on the experimental results, we can convert the above equation into:
wherein the attenuation coefficient can be expressed as:
wherein, I (f, d) is the intensity of the ultrasonic wave signal under the frequency f, A (f) is the initial pulse waveform amplitude (f, d) is the profile value of the transmitting and receiving wave beam, R (f, d) is the distribution value of the scattering parameter, G (d) is the gain compensation value of the receiving signal, f (f, d)1For transmitting frequencies 1, f2For the emission frequency 2, I (d) is the ultrasonic signal intensity, d is the ultrasonic propagation depth.
As can be seen from the above formula, the fatty liver ultrasonic echo intensities under different frequencies are obviously different along with the depth in the attenuation trend, and the attenuation coefficient of the liver can be calculated by comparing the intensity values under the two frequencies. Therefore, the calculation of the attenuation coefficient can be performed by using the spectral difference method provided by the present embodiment.
The ultrasonic attenuation coefficient (alpha) can be used for describing the attenuation condition of ultrasonic signals in human tissues, the attenuation coefficient of the liver of a normal human body is between 0.5dB/cm and 0.6dB/cm, the average attenuation coefficient of a fatty liver patient is about 0.74dB/cm, and the attenuation coefficient is obviously different from that of the liver of the normal human body.
Besides calculating the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient to judge whether the examinee suffers from fatty liver, as an expanded application of the technical scheme provided by the invention, ultrasonic signals under different pressures can be acquired through pressing and the like, attenuation curves under different pressures can be obtained through the data processing method of the embodiment (fig. 5 shows two attenuation curves obtained before and after the examination part is compressed by hands), and further, strain is calculated through the change of the attenuation curves, and an ultrasonic image related to the liver elasticity is obtained.
In conclusion, the invention provides a portable fatty liver detection device based on ultrasound, which has the advantages of simple structure, low power and small volume. In addition, the invention also provides a data processing method of the device, which enables the portable equipment to detect the fatty liver by obtaining the results of ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, elastic imaging and the like under the condition of extremely low requirements on the chip structure.
Claims (10)
1. A data processing method of a portable fatty liver detection device based on ultrasound is characterized by comprising the following steps: enabling an ultrasonic probe to emit ultrasonic waves with at least two frequencies and receive ultrasonic echo data, and obtaining ultrasonic RF data after performing beam forming on the ultrasonic echo data; and finally, outputting the ultrasonic RF data according to the instruction of a user, or carrying out post-processing on the ultrasonic RF data in the portable fatty liver detection device.
2. A data processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ultrasonic echo data is acquired by transmitting ultrasonic waves of two frequencies, and the size relationship of the two frequencies is integral multiple; further preferably, the two frequencies are 3-5MHz and 6-10MHz, respectively.
3. A data processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises in particular the steps of:
(1) the ultrasonic probe transmits cylindrical waves in a synthetic transmission mode and receives ultrasonic echo data;
(2) reconstructing transmitted cylindrical wave and received echo data by adopting an aperture synthesis technology to obtain beam data;
(3) adopting a beam parallel synthesis technology, changing the array combination of the emission and/or the reception of the ultrasonic probe, repeating the step (1) and the step (2), and superposing the beam data obtained by each repetition with the previous beam data to obtain new beam data; until the array combination of transmission and/or reception is adopted once, the finally obtained beam data is the ultrasonic RF data;
(4) and outputting the ultrasonic RF data according to the instruction of a user, or performing post-processing on the ultrasonic RF data in the portable fatty liver detection device.
4. A data processing method according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step (4), the post-processing comprises the following steps:
(a) respectively carrying out band-pass filtering on ultrasonic RF data obtained by cylindrical waves of each frequency;
(b) performing data demodulation on the data obtained in the step (a);
(c) sequentially performing low-pass filtering and signal down-sampling on the data obtained in the step (b);
(d) enveloping the data obtained in the step (c) to obtain an attenuation curve corresponding to ultrasonic RF data obtained by cylindrical waves of each frequency;
(e) after the attenuation curves are subjected to logarithmic compression respectively, the difference values obtained by subtraction are subjected to linear fitting, and the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient alpha can be obtained.
5. The data processing method of claim 4, wherein: in the step (b), the data demodulation method is orthogonal demodulation to obtain data of an I channel and a Q channel; in the step (c), low-pass filtering and signal down-sampling are sequentially carried out on the data of the channel I and the channel Q respectively; in the step (d), the data of the I channel and the Q channel processed in the step (c) are subjected to envelope processing.
6. The data processing method of claim 4, wherein: in the step (e), the calculation method of the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient alpha comprises the following steps:
wherein f is1And f2For the probe emission frequency, I (d) is the ultrasonic signal intensity, and d is the ultrasonic propagation depth.
7. A portable ultrasonic fatty liver detection device is characterized in that: the ultrasonic wave processing device comprises a front-end ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device, a processing chip and a power supply; the front-end ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device comprises an ultrasonic probe, a high-voltage pulse generator and an ultrasonic transmitting and receiving chip;
the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving chip and the processing chip are used for data processing according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The sensing apparatus of claim 7, wherein: the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving chip is an AFE5805 chip and is used for controlling the ultrasonic probe to transmit cylindrical waves and receive ultrasonic echo data; and/or the processing chip is an FPGA chip and is used for implementing the data processing process of data reconstruction, superposition and output in the method of any one of claims 1 to 6; and/or a selector for controlling the trend of the RF data is arranged in the FPGA chip, and the trend of the RF data is directly output or processed into an image signal.
9. The sensing apparatus of claim 7, wherein: the ultrasonic probe is a multi-array element ultrasonic probe.
10. The sensing apparatus of claim 7, wherein: the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving chip comprises an ADC, and the number of the ADCs is one.
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