CN113660040A - Phase noise compensation method for local oscillator continuous variable key distribution - Google Patents

Phase noise compensation method for local oscillator continuous variable key distribution Download PDF

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CN113660040A
CN113660040A CN202110708484.5A CN202110708484A CN113660040A CN 113660040 A CN113660040 A CN 113660040A CN 202110708484 A CN202110708484 A CN 202110708484A CN 113660040 A CN113660040 A CN 113660040A
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CN113660040B (en
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皮峣迪
徐兵杰
王恒
黄伟
邵云
李扬
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CETC 30 Research Institute
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
    • H04B10/5165—Carrier suppressed; Single sideband; Double sideband or vestigial
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
    • H04B10/548—Phase or frequency modulation
    • H04B10/556—Digital modulation, e.g. differential phase shift keying [DPSK] or frequency shift keying [FSK]
    • H04B10/5561—Digital phase modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/58—Compensation for non-linear transmitter output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
    • H04B10/616—Details of the electronic signal processing in coherent optical receivers
    • H04B10/6165—Estimation of the phase of the received optical signal, phase error estimation or phase error correction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
    • H04L9/0819—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s)
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
    • H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography

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Abstract

The invention provides a phase noise compensation method for local oscillator continuous variable key distribution, which comprises the following steps: step 1: a transmitting end transmits quantum signal light and classical pilot light of different frequency bands to a receiving end through an optical fiber channel, and then the quantum signal light and the classical pilot light are coupled with a local optical carrier of the receiving end and balanced detection is carried out to obtain a beat frequency signal; step 2: filtering the beat frequency signal to obtain a quantum key signal, a classical pilot signal 1 and a classical pilot signal 2; and step 3: carrying out orthogonal down-conversion and low-pass filtering on the quantum key signal, the classical pilot signal 1 and the classical pilot signal 2 to obtain quantum key information, classical pilot information 1 and classical pilot information 2; and 4, step 4: and performing phase noise compensation on the quantum key information by using the classical pilot information 1 and the classical pilot information 2. The invention accurately compensates the phase noise introduced by two independent lasers and an optical fiber channel at the sending end and the receiving end in the local oscillator continuous variable quantum key distribution.

Description

Phase noise compensation method for local oscillator continuous variable key distribution
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of quantum secret communication, in particular to a phase noise compensation method for local oscillator continuous variable key distribution.
Background
The Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) technology can provide unconditionally secure keys for both legitimate communication parties to ensure the secure transmission of information. Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution (CVQKD) has become a research hotspot in the QKD field due to its advantages of high efficiency zero/heterodyne detection efficiency, good compatibility with classical coherent optical communication, and the like. The current CVQKD technology is mainly divided into two technical schemes of a channel local oscillator and a local oscillator. Compared with a channel-associated local oscillation scheme, the local oscillation CVQKD scheme overcomes the limitations of intensity bottleneck, security loophole and the like of channel-associated local oscillation light, and has higher security code rate and better actual security. However, the local oscillator CVQKD scheme employs two independent lasers, and fast phase drift of the lasers introduces fast-changing phase noise, and quantum signal light also introduces extra phase noise and broadband range additive white noise in the transmission process of an optical fiber channel. Therefore, the local oscillator CVQKD scheme needs to depend on an accurate phase noise compensation method, and the phase noise compensation effect determines the finally generated safe code rate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a phase noise compensation method for local oscillator continuous variable key distribution, so as to solve the problem of high-precision phase noise compensation in local oscillator continuous variable quantum key distribution.
The invention provides a phase noise compensation method for local oscillator continuous variable key distribution, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the steps that a sending end sends quantum signal light and classical pilot light of different frequency bands, the sent quantum signal light and classical pilot light reach a receiving end through an optical fiber channel, and then are coupled with a local optical carrier of the receiving end and are subjected to balanced detection to obtain a beat frequency signal; the classical pilot light comprises classical pilot light 1 and classical pilot light 2;
step 2: filtering the beat frequency signal by corresponding frequency bands to obtain a quantum key signal, a classical pilot signal 1 and a classical pilot signal 2;
and step 3: the quantum key signal, the classical pilot signal 1 and the classical pilot signal 2 are subjected to orthogonal down-conversion and low-pass filtering to obtain corresponding orthogonal components, and quantum key information, classical pilot information 1 and classical pilot information 2 are obtained at the same time;
and 4, step 4: and performing phase noise compensation on the quantum key information by using the classical pilot information 1 and the classical pilot information 2 to obtain orthogonal components X and P of the quantum key information.
Further, the quantum signal light is a discrete modulation quantum light signal or a gaussian modulation quantum light signal; the classical pilot light 1 and the classical pilot light 2 are single/double sideband modulation optical signals subjected to center frequency shift processing.
Further, the repetition frequency of the quantum signal light is fqThe frequency spectrum bandwidth is delta fqI.e., the frequency range of the quantum signal light is fA-Δf q2 to fA+Δf q2; the classical pilot light is obtained by performing frequency shift processing on single-sideband modulation signals with central frequency of delta f, and the obtained frequencies are respectively fA+ Δ f and fA+Δf+fRFClassic pilot light 1 and classic pilot light 2; wherein f isAFrequency, f, of the optical carrier wave output by the laser at the transmitting endRFIs the frequency of single sideband modulation.
Further, the method for performing filtering processing of a corresponding frequency band on the beat signal in step 2 is as follows:the passing center frequency of the beat frequency signal is delta fABHaving a bandwidth of Δ fqObtaining a quantum key signal by the band-pass processing; the passing center frequency of the beat frequency signal is delta f-delta fABThe classical pilot signal 1 is obtained by narrow-band-pass filtering, and the beat signal has a central frequency of delta f + fRF-ΔfABThe classical pilot signal 2 is obtained by the narrow-band-pass filtering processing; wherein, Δ fAB＝fB-fAIndicating the optical frequency difference of two independent lasers at the transmitting end and the receiving end; f. ofBThe frequency of the local optical carrier at the receiving end.
Further, Δ f>ΔfAB>Δfq/2。
Further, the quantum key information, the classical pilot information 1 and the classical pilot information 2 obtained in step 3 are as follows:
Figure BDA0003126114420000031
Figure BDA0003126114420000032
Figure BDA0003126114420000033
in the formula, HsRepresenting quantum key information, orthogonal component X of quantum key informationsAnd Ps；Hr1Representing classical pilot information 1, orthogonal component X of classical pilot information 1r1And Pr1；Hr2Representing classical pilot information 2, orthogonal component X of classical pilot information 2r2And Pr2(ii) a j is an imaginary unit; a. thesigAnd ArefIs the amplitude, gamma sum, of quantum signal light and classical pilot light
Figure BDA0003126114420000034
Amplitude and phase information respectively introduced for the quantum key; a. theloIs local to the receiving endAmplitude of the optical carrier, J0(. and J)1(. DEG) first class Bessel functions of zero order and first order respectively, m is a single sideband modulation coefficient;
Figure BDA0003126114420000035
phase noise introduced for two independent lasers and optical fiber channels of a sending end and a receiving end;
Figure BDA0003126114420000036
and
Figure BDA0003126114420000037
phase difference of classical pilot light 1 and classical pilot light 2 relative to quantum signal light respectively; n iss_noise、nr1_noiseAnd nr2_noiseAdditive white noise corresponding to quantum signal light, classical pilot light 1 and classical pilot light 2, respectively, and nr1_noiseIs approximately equal to nr2_noise。
Further, the method for performing phase noise compensation on quantum key information by using the classical pilot information 1 and the classical pilot information 2 in step 4 includes:
based on the expressions (1), (2) and (3), the following relational expression is obtained by a phase noise compensation method:
Figure BDA0003126114420000038
Figure BDA0003126114420000041
meanwhile, based on equation (4), the check information carried in the quantum key information is utilized to obtain:
Figure BDA0003126114420000042
in the formula, gammacalAnd
Figure BDA0003126114420000043
amplitude and phase information respectively introduced for known check information; the following formulae (4), (5) and (6) can be combined:
Figure BDA0003126114420000044
equation (7) is normalized and known
Figure BDA0003126114420000045
Therefore, the real part and the imaginary part of equation (7) are respectively taken to obtain orthogonal components X and P of the quantum key information, thereby completing the phase noise compensation.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the phase noise compensation method provided by the invention not only accurately compensates the phase noise introduced by two independent lasers and an optical fiber channel at the sending end and the receiving end in the local oscillator continuous variable quantum key distribution, but also eliminates the additive white noise in the optical fiber link.
2. The invention can avoid the mutual crosstalk during the preparation, transmission and detection of the quantum signal light and the classical pilot light only by means of the frequency division multiplexing technology, can simplify the CVQKD system and save the system cost.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a phase noise compensation method for local oscillator continuous variable key distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment proposes a phase noise compensation method for local oscillator continuous variable key distribution, which includes the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the steps that a sending end sends quantum signal light and classical pilot light of different frequency bands, the sent quantum signal light and classical pilot light reach a receiving end through an optical fiber channel, and then are coupled with a local optical carrier of the receiving end and are subjected to balanced detection to obtain a beat frequency signal; the classical pilot light comprises classical pilot light 1 and classical pilot light 2;
the quantum signal light is a discrete modulation quantum light signal or a Gaussian modulation quantum light signal. The classical pilot light is a single/double sideband modulated optical signal processed by center frequency shift. In this embodiment, the sending end sends a repetition frequency of fqThe frequency spectrum bandwidth is delta fqI.e., the frequency range of the quantum signal light is fA-Δf q2 to fA+Δf q2; the classical pilot light transmitted by a transmitting end is subjected to frequency shift processing with central frequency of delta f on a single sideband modulation signal, and the obtained frequencies are respectively fA+ Δ f and fA+Δf+fRFOf (1) and (2) in which fAFrequency, f, of the optical carrier wave output by the laser at the transmitting endRFIs the frequency of single sideband modulation; the hairThe transmitted quantum signal light, the classical pilot light 1 and the classical pilot light 2 reach a receiving end through an optical fiber channel, and then pass through an optical coupler and the receiving end with the frequency fBThe local optical carriers are coupled and balanced detection is carried out to obtain a beat frequency signal.
Step 2: filtering the beat frequency signal by corresponding frequency bands to obtain a quantum key signal, a classical pilot signal 1 and a classical pilot signal 2; specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the passing center frequency of the beat frequency signal is delta fABHaving a bandwidth of Δ fqObtaining a quantum key signal by the band-pass processing; the passing center frequency of the beat frequency signal is delta f-delta fABThe classical pilot signal 1 is obtained by narrow-band-pass filtering, and the beat signal has a central frequency of delta f + fRF-ΔfABThe classical pilot signal 2 is obtained by the narrow-band-pass filtering processing; wherein, Δ fAB＝fB-fAIndicating the optical frequency difference of two independent lasers at the transmitting end and the receiving end, and setting the frequency relation delta f>ΔfAB>Δfq/2。
And step 3: the quantum key signal, the classical pilot signal 1 and the classical pilot signal 2 are subjected to orthogonal down-conversion and low-pass filtering to obtain corresponding orthogonal components, and quantum key information, classical pilot information 1 and classical pilot information 2 are obtained at the same time; the obtained quantum key information, classical pilot information 1 and classical pilot information 2 are as follows:
Figure BDA0003126114420000061
Figure BDA0003126114420000062
Figure BDA0003126114420000063
in the formula, HsRepresenting quantum key information, orthogonal component X of quantum key informationsAnd Ps；Hr1Representing classical pilot information 1, orthogonal component X of classical pilot information 1r1And Pr1；Hr2Representing classical pilot information 2, orthogonal component X of classical pilot information 2r2And Pr2(ii) a j is an imaginary unit; a. thesigAnd ArefIs the amplitude, gamma sum of quantum signal light and classical pilot light (classical pilot light 1 and classical pilot light 2)
Figure BDA0003126114420000064
Amplitude and phase information respectively introduced for the quantum key; a. theloAmplitude of the local optical carrier at the receiving end, J0(. and J)1(. DEG) first class Bessel functions of zero order and first order respectively, m is a single sideband modulation coefficient;
Figure BDA0003126114420000065
phase noise introduced for two independent lasers and optical fiber channels of a sending end and a receiving end;
Figure BDA0003126114420000071
and
Figure BDA0003126114420000072
phase difference of classical pilot light 1 and classical pilot light 2 relative to quantum signal light respectively; n iss_noise、nr1_noiseAnd nr2_noiseAdditive white noise corresponding to quantum signal light, classical pilot light 1 and classical pilot light 2, respectively, and nr1_noiseIs approximately equal to nr2_noise。
And 4, step 4: and performing phase noise compensation on the quantum key information by using the classical pilot information 1 and the classical pilot information 2 to obtain orthogonal components X and P of the quantum key information. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
based on the expressions (1), (2) and (3), the following relational expression is obtained by a phase noise compensation method:
Figure BDA0003126114420000073
Figure BDA0003126114420000074
meanwhile, based on equation (4), the check information carried in the quantum key information is utilized to obtain:
Figure BDA0003126114420000075
in the formula, gammacalAnd
Figure BDA0003126114420000076
amplitude and phase information respectively introduced for known check information; the following formulae (4), (5) and (6) can be combined:
Figure BDA0003126114420000077
equation (7) is normalized and known
Figure BDA0003126114420000078
Therefore, the real part and the imaginary part of equation (7) are respectively taken to obtain orthogonal components X and P of the quantum key information, thereby completing the phase noise compensation.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A phase noise compensation method for local oscillator continuous variable key distribution is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the steps that a sending end sends quantum signal light and classical pilot light of different frequency bands, the sent quantum signal light and classical pilot light reach a receiving end through an optical fiber channel, and then are coupled with a local optical carrier of the receiving end and are subjected to balanced detection to obtain a beat frequency signal; the classical pilot light comprises classical pilot light 1 and classical pilot light 2;
step 2: filtering the beat frequency signal by corresponding frequency bands to obtain a quantum key signal, a classical pilot signal 1 and a classical pilot signal 2;
and step 3: the quantum key signal, the classical pilot signal 1 and the classical pilot signal 2 are subjected to orthogonal down-conversion and low-pass filtering to obtain corresponding orthogonal components, and quantum key information, classical pilot information 1 and classical pilot information 2 are obtained at the same time;
and 4, step 4: and performing phase noise compensation on the quantum key information by using the classical pilot information 1 and the classical pilot information 2 to obtain orthogonal components X and P of the quantum key information.
2. The phase noise compensation method for local oscillator continuous variable key distribution according to claim 1, wherein the quantum signal light is a discrete modulation quantum optical signal or a gaussian modulation quantum optical signal; the classical pilot light 1 and the classical pilot light 2 are single/double sideband modulation optical signals subjected to center frequency shift processing.
3. The phase noise compensation method for local oscillator continuous variable key distribution according to claim 2, wherein the quantum signal light has a repetition frequency fqThe frequency spectrum bandwidth is delta fqI.e., the frequency range of the quantum signal light is fA-Δfq2 to fA+Δfq2; the classical pilot light is obtained by performing frequency shift processing on single-sideband modulation signals with central frequency of delta f, and the obtained frequencies are respectively fA+ Δ f and fA+Δf+fRFClassic pilot light 1 and classic pilot light 2; wherein f isAFrequency, f, of the optical carrier wave output by the laser at the transmitting endRFIs the frequency of single sideband modulation.
4. Phase noise for local oscillator continuous variable key distribution as claimed in claim 3The acoustic compensation method is characterized in that the method for filtering the corresponding frequency band of the beat frequency signal in the step 2 comprises the following steps: the passing center frequency of the beat frequency signal is delta fABHaving a bandwidth of Δ fqObtaining a quantum key signal by the band-pass processing; the passing center frequency of the beat frequency signal is delta f-delta fABThe classical pilot signal 1 is obtained by narrow-band-pass filtering, and the beat signal has a central frequency of delta f + fRF-ΔfABThe classical pilot signal 2 is obtained by the narrow-band-pass filtering processing; wherein, Δ fAB＝fB-fAIndicating the optical frequency difference of two independent lasers at the transmitting end and the receiving end; f. ofBThe frequency of the local optical carrier at the receiving end.
5. The phase noise compensation method for local oscillator continuous variable key distribution according to claim 4, wherein Δ f>ΔfAB>Δfq/2。
6. The phase noise compensation method for local oscillator continuous variable key distribution according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the quantum key information, classical pilot information 1 and classical pilot information 2 obtained in step 3 are as follows:
Figure FDA0003126114410000021
Figure FDA0003126114410000022
Figure FDA0003126114410000023
in the formula, HsRepresenting quantum key information, orthogonal component X of quantum key informationsAnd Ps；Hr1Indicating classical pilot information 1, positive of classical pilot information 1The amount of cross component Xr1And Pr1；Hr2Representing classical pilot information 2, orthogonal component X of classical pilot information 2r2And Pr2(ii) a j is an imaginary unit; a. thesigAnd ArefIs the amplitude, gamma sum, of quantum signal light and classical pilot light
Figure FDA0003126114410000024
Amplitude and phase information respectively introduced for the quantum key; a. theloAmplitude of the local optical carrier at the receiving end, J0(. and J)1(. DEG) first class Bessel functions of zero order and first order respectively, m is a single sideband modulation coefficient;
Figure FDA0003126114410000025
phase noise introduced for two independent lasers and optical fiber channels of a sending end and a receiving end;
Figure FDA0003126114410000026
and
Figure FDA0003126114410000027
phase difference of classical pilot light 1 and classical pilot light 2 relative to quantum signal light respectively; n iss_noise、nr1_noiseAnd nr2_noiseAdditive white noise corresponding to quantum signal light, classical pilot light 1 and classical pilot light 2, respectively, and nr1_noiseIs approximately equal to nr2_noise。
7. The phase noise compensation method for local oscillator continuous variable key distribution according to claim 6, wherein the method for performing phase noise compensation on quantum key information by using classical pilot information 1 and classical pilot information 2 in step 4 comprises:
based on the expressions (1), (2) and (3), the following relational expression is obtained by a phase noise compensation method:
Figure FDA0003126114410000031
Figure FDA0003126114410000032
meanwhile, based on equation (4), the check information carried in the quantum key information is utilized to obtain:
Figure FDA0003126114410000033
in the formula, gammacalAnd
Figure FDA0003126114410000034
amplitude and phase information respectively introduced for known check information; the following formulae (4), (5) and (6) can be combined:
Figure FDA0003126114410000035
equation (7) is normalized and known
Figure FDA0003126114410000036
Therefore, the real part and the imaginary part of equation (7) are respectively taken to obtain orthogonal components X and P of the quantum key information, thereby completing the phase noise compensation.
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