CN113659182A - System and method for peak shaving of renewable energy power generation by using carbon dioxide - Google Patents
System and method for peak shaving of renewable energy power generation by using carbon dioxide Download PDFInfo
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- CN113659182A CN113659182A CN202111063802.3A CN202111063802A CN113659182A CN 113659182 A CN113659182 A CN 113659182A CN 202111063802 A CN202111063802 A CN 202111063802A CN 113659182 A CN113659182 A CN 113659182A
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- carbon dioxide
- formic acid
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 250
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 194
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000013154 zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- MFLKDEMTKSVIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;2-methylimidazol-3-ide Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC1=NC=C[N-]1.CC1=NC=C[N-]1 MFLKDEMTKSVIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1 LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 polydimethylsiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- XHFLOLLMZOTPSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;hydrogen carbonate;hydrate Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].OC(O)=O XHFLOLLMZOTPSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012621 metal-organic framework Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013153 zeolitic imidazolate framework Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
- B01D53/1475—Removing carbon dioxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1493—Selection of liquid materials for use as absorbents
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of renewable energy utilization and greenhouse gas emission reduction, and particularly relates to a system and a method for peak shaving of renewable energy power generation by using carbon dioxide. The system comprises a renewable energy power generation device, a carbon dioxide capture device, a hydrogen production device and a formic acid fuel cell, and can effectively adjust surplus power generation in the electricity consumption valley period and the electricity consumption height by directly utilizing carbon dioxide in the air through the cooperation among the devicesThe problem of insufficient power in peak time period can be solved, carbon dioxide in the air can be reduced, and CO emission of a distribution source in the prior art is overcome2The problem of difficult recovery, simultaneously effectively convert the electric energy generated by renewable new energy sources such as photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation and the like into high-energy compound formic acid, and then utilize a formic acid fuel cell to convert the formic acid into the electric energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of renewable energy utilization and greenhouse gas emission reduction, and particularly relates to a system and a method for peak shaving of renewable energy power generation by using carbon dioxide.
Background
The thermal power plant is an important power production place in China, and contributes more than 70% of generated energy every year. While producing electricity, the combustion of fossil fuels produces large quantities of carbon dioxide, accelerating the global warming process and bringing significant impact on the global ecological environment. On the one hand, in order to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide and optimize an energy structure, renewable new energy power generation engineering practices such as photovoltaic and wind power are developed by the people in the industry. However, intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind power or photovoltaic power generation have strong uncertainty and volatility, and have the problems of difficult peak shaving and difficult grid connection. Taking wind power as an example, the wind power generation amount is larger in the valley period of the used charge, and the phenomenon of 'wind abandon' is prominent, so that the wind resource waste is caused; in the peak period of the electric load, the phenomenon of insufficient power supply exists. In order to solve the problem, a method for efficiently peak-shaving intermittent renewable energy sources is urgently needed to be found.
On the other hand, the power generation industry and the fossil fuel combustion field cause CO in the air2Increasingly, the content of (A) is increasing. CO 22Is rich and safe in reservesRenewable carbon resources, by chemical conversion of which CO can be achieved2Resource utilization of (3) CO2Changes waste into valuable, realizes high-value utilization, can fix carbon dioxide and reduce air CO2And (4) obtaining energy and materials with high added values. Therefore, how to convert CO2The conversion of this greenhouse gas into valuable clean energy has become one of the hot spots in research. Except the CO discharged by fixed point sources in the power industry and the industry of thermal power plants2In addition, there is approximately 50% of the distributed source emission of CO2Of these CO2The carbon dioxide is widely dispersed in the air, the storage amount is high, and how to realize the recovery of the carbon dioxide in the air and relieve the greenhouse effect also becomes one of the difficulties which are urgently needed to be solved by the industry personnel.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of serious waste of renewable energy sources in electricity utilization valley, insufficient supply in peak time period, how to relieve greenhouse effect and the like in the prior art, thereby providing a system and a method for peak regulation of renewable energy source power generation by using carbon dioxide.
Therefore, the invention provides the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a system for peak shaving of renewable energy power generation by utilizing carbon dioxide, which comprises a renewable energy power generation device;
a carbon dioxide capture device for directly capturing carbon dioxide in the air; a porous liquid spraying port is formed in the carbon dioxide capturing device and used for spraying porous liquid to capture carbon dioxide in the air;
the hydrogen production device realizes the production of hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyzing water;
the formic acid synthesis device is respectively communicated with the carbon dioxide capture device and the hydrogen production device; synthesizing formic acid by using the electric power produced by the renewable energy power generation device, the carbon dioxide collected by the carbon dioxide collecting device and the hydrogen prepared by the hydrogen production device;
the formic acid fuel cell is respectively communicated with the carbon dioxide collecting device, the hydrogen production device and the formic acid synthesis device; the formic acid synthesized by the formic acid synthesis device and the oxygen prepared by the hydrogen production device are utilized to generate electric energy.
The formic acid fuel cell can also obtain water and carbon dioxide in the process of generating electric energy, the water enters the hydrogen production device, and the carbon dioxide enters the carbon dioxide capture device to realize reutilization.
The carbon dioxide capturing device directly captures carbon dioxide in the air by using the power generated by the renewable energy power generation device.
The hydrogen production device utilizes the electric power produced by the renewable energy power generation device to realize the production of hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyzing water.
The system also comprises a PLC programmable controller;
the PLC is connected with the carbon dioxide capture device to adjust the capture rate and the regeneration rate of the carbon dioxide; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the PLC is connected with the hydrogen production device to adjust the rate of producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the PLC is connected with the formic acid synthesis device to adjust the rate of synthesizing formic acid; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the PLC is connected with the formic acid fuel cell to adjust the electric energy generated by the formic acid fuel cell.
The invention also provides a peak shaving method using the system, which comprises the following steps,
in the electricity consumption valley period, the carbon dioxide in the air is captured by the carbon dioxide capture device, the hydrogen production device realizes the production of hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyzing water, and the formic acid synthesis device synthesizes formic acid by utilizing the electricity produced by the renewable energy power generation device, the carbon dioxide captured by the carbon dioxide capture device and the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device, so as to realize the storage of surplus electricity;
in the electricity consumption peak period, the formic acid fuel cell generates electric energy by using the formic acid synthesized by the formic acid synthesis device and the oxygen prepared by the hydrogen production device to provide electricity.
The carbon dioxide capture device utilizes the electricity generated by the renewable energy power generation device when capturing the carbon dioxide in the air;
the hydrogen production device utilizes the electricity generated by the renewable energy power generation device when electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen and oxygen.
Further, the formic acid fuel cell can generate carbon dioxide and water while generating electric energy, the carbon dioxide is circulated to the carbon dioxide capture device, and the water is circulated to the hydrogen production device.
Further, synthesizing formic acid from carbon dioxide and hydrogen under the action of a catalyst and an alkaline solution;
the ratio of the mass of the catalyst to the volume of the alkaline solution is 1-1.5g to 100 ml;
the catalyst is a supported catalyst and comprises a carrier and an active center; the loading amount of the active center in the supported catalyst is less than 0.5 wt%;
the carrier is at least one of silicon dioxide, carbon materials, molecular sieves, hydrotalcite and mesoporous alumina; the active center is a noble metal monoatomic atom; the noble metal nitrogen atom is at least one of Au, Pd, Ru and Rh;
the alkaline solution is sodium bicarbonate water solution, and the concentration of the sodium bicarbonate water solution is 1-1.5 mol/L.
When the formic acid synthesizer is used for synthesizing formic acid, the pressure of carbon dioxide is 1-2MPa, the pressure of hydrogen is 2-4MPa, and the temperature is 80-100 ℃.
The porous liquid comprises ZIF-8 and also comprises at least one of ethylene glycol, 2-methylimidazole and polydimethylsiloxane;
preferably, the porous liquid comprises ZIF-8, ethylene glycol, and 2-methylimidazole; or, the porous liquid comprises ZIF-8 and polydimethylsiloxane;
more preferably, the mass fraction of ZIF-8 in the porous liquid is 10-20%.
The electricity consumption valley period refers to the time between 23:00 and 7: 00; the peak electricity utilization period refers to the time between 8:30 and 11:30 and between 18:00 and 23: 00.
The porous liquid is called pregnant solution after absorbing carbon dioxide; the carbon dioxide is desorbed from the rich liquid and is called lean liquid.
ZIF-8 is a metal organic framework compound (MOFs), which is one of zeolitic imidazolate framework materials.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the system comprises a renewable energy power generation device, a carbon dioxide capture device, a hydrogen production device and a formic acid fuel cell, can directly utilize carbon dioxide in the air to effectively adjust the problems of excessive power generation in the electricity utilization valley period and insufficient power in the electricity utilization peak period through the cooperation of the devices, can reduce the carbon dioxide in the air, and overcomes the defect that the CO is emitted by a distributed source in the prior art2The problem of difficult recovery, simultaneously effectively convert the electric energy generated by renewable new energy sources such as photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation and the like into high-energy compound formic acid, and then utilize a formic acid fuel cell to convert the formic acid into the electric energy.
The system can directly capture carbon dioxide and electrolyzed water in the air to prepare hydrogen by using the electric power generated by the renewable energy power generation device in the electricity consumption off-peak period, further synthesize high-energy compound formic acid by using the electric power generated by the renewable energy power generation device, realize the storage of surplus electric power, generate electricity by using the oxygen prepared by the high-energy compound formic acid and the electrolyzed water in the electricity consumption high-peak period, supplement the generated energy, and meet the electricity consumption requirement of the high peak, thereby realizing the effect of peak regulation on the renewable energy; meanwhile, the porous liquid is arranged in the carbon dioxide trapping device, so that the carbon dioxide in the air can be directly trapped, the content of the carbon dioxide in the air is reduced, the greenhouse effect is relieved, the problem of high storage of the carbon dioxide in the air is effectively solved, and the problem of high CO storage in the air due to emission of a dispersion source is also solved2The system provided by the invention is suitable for being widely developed in various places and is suitable for various places where renewable energy sources provide power. The carbon dioxide in the air can be directly converted into the formic acid by the carbon dioxide capturing device and the formic acid synthesizing device; meanwhile, the formic acid fuel cell can convert the chemical energy of formic acid into electric energy under the coordination action of the formic acid fuel cell, and the electric power demand is met.
The invention synthesizes high-energy compound formic acid by utilizing carbon dioxide and hydrogen, can theoretically realize 100 percent of atom utilization rate, simultaneously has the advantages of difficult permeation of formate ions ionized by the formic acid through a proton exchange membrane, easy oxidation, safety, low toxicity, nonflammability and the like, and can ensure that a formic acid fuel cell has higher energy density and convenient storage and transportation.
2. According to the system for peak regulation of renewable energy power generation by using carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide capture device and the hydrogen production device can directly utilize the power generated by the renewable energy power generation device, and meanwhile, the formic acid fuel cell can also produce carbon dioxide and water in the process of generating electric energy, the carbon dioxide is captured again by the carbon dioxide capture device, and the water enters the hydrogen production device for electrolysis again, so that the cyclic utilization of materials is realized.
3. The peak regulation method provided by the invention can effectively adjust the problems of excessive power generation in the electricity utilization trough period and insufficient power in the electricity utilization peak period by utilizing the carbon dioxide in the air, can reduce the carbon dioxide in the air, and overcomes the defect that CO is discharged from a distribution source in the prior art2Is not easy to be recycled.
The invention synthesizes formic acid by carbon dioxide and hydrogen under specific catalyst and alkaline solution, and overcomes the defects of difficult synthesis of formic acid due to stable carbon dioxide and high free energy in the prior art.
The invention adopts specific porous liquid which can directly capture carbon dioxide in the air, the porous liquid has the advantages of ordered and regular pore channels of solid materials, liquid fluidity and the like, and the solid materials are used for CO2The selective physical adsorption of the gas and the chemical absorption of the solution to the gas are coupled, which is favorable for greatly improving the CO content of the porous liquid2The absorption and separation effect of (2) is not limited by the low concentration of carbon dioxide in the air.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for peak shaving in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of structural units and connections among devices in the system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a system for adjustment of a preferred embodiment of the present invention in example 1
Reference numerals:
a-a renewable energy power generation device; b-a carbon dioxide capture device; c-a hydrogen production unit; a D-formic acid synthesis device; an E-formic acid fuel cell;
1-an air compression unit; 2-CO2An absorption unit; 3-cold pregnant solution pump; 4-a heat exchange unit; 5-a rich liquid storage unit; 6-hot rich liquid pump; 7-CO2A regeneration unit; 8-a heating unit; 9-hot barren liquor pump; 10-barren liquor storage unit; 11-a cold barren pump; 12-CO2A compression unit; 13-CO2A storage unit; 14-CO2A valve; 15-a water storage unit; 16-a water pump; 17-a water electrolysis hydrogen production unit; 18-O2A storage unit; 19-H2A storage unit; 20-H2A valve; 21-a gas mixing unit; a 22-formic acid synthesis unit; a 23-formic acid separation unit;
2-1-a first outlet; 2-2-second outlet-1; 2-3-porous liquid spray opening.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "connected" and "communicating" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as meaning directly connected to each other, indirectly connected to each other through an intermediary, and communicating between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The examples do not show the specific experimental steps or conditions, and can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional reagent products which can be obtained commercially.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a system for peak shaving of renewable energy power generation by using carbon dioxide, which comprises a carbon dioxide capture device B, a hydrogen production device C, a formic acid synthesis device D and a formic acid fuel cell E, as shown in figure 1,
the carbon dioxide capturing device B is used for directly capturing carbon dioxide from the air by utilizing the power generated by the renewable energy power generation device; as shown in FIG. 2, an air compression unit 1 is provided inside the carbon dioxide capturing device B, and CO is discharged from the air compression unit2An absorption unit 2, a cold rich liquid pump 3, a heat exchange unit 4, a rich liquid storage unit 5, a hot rich liquid pump 6, CO2A regeneration unit 7, a heating unit 8, a hot barren solution pump 9, a barren solution storage unit 10, a cold barren solution pump 11, CO2Compression unit 12, CO2A storage unit 13; wherein the air compression unit 1 is connected with CO2The absorption unit 2 is communicated so that the compressed air enters into the CO2In the absorption unit 2, CO2The top of the absorption unit 2 is provided with a porous liquid spraying port 2-3, and porous liquid is sprayed from CO2The top of the absorption unit 2 sprays downwards to absorb carbon dioxide in the air to realize the capture of the carbon dioxide, the residual air is discharged through a first outlet 2-1, and porous liquid (also called cold rich liquid) after absorbing the carbon dioxide is discharged through a second outlet 2-2; the cold rich liquid enters a rich liquid storage unit 5 to become hot rich liquid after being subjected to heat exchange by a heat exchange unit 4 under the action of a cold rich liquid pump 3, and then enters a hot rich liquid pump 6Under the action of (3), the hot rich liquid enters into CO2Regenerated in a regeneration unit 7 to obtain hot barren solution and CO2Wherein, CO2The regeneration unit 7 is communicated with a heating unit 8, and the heating unit 8 is CO2The regeneration unit providing heat, CO2Separating out from hot rich liquid to realize regeneration, and CO2By CO2After compression in the compression unit 12, in CO2The storage unit 13 stores the data for standby; hot lean liquid from CO2Discharged from the regeneration unit 7, enters the heat exchange device 4 under the action of a hot lean liquid pump 9, and comes from CO2Cold rich solution of the absorption unit 2 exchanges heat, lean solution after heat exchange enters a lean solution storage unit 10 and enters CO under the action of a cold lean solution pump 112In the absorption unit 2, carbon dioxide in the air is absorbed, and the porous liquid is recycled. Specifically, the porous liquid used in this example includes ZIF-8, ethylene glycol, and 2-methylimidazole; or, the porous liquid comprises ZIF-8 and polydimethylsiloxane, and the porous liquid is in a slurry state or a suspension state.
The hydrogen production device C is used for electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen and oxygen by utilizing the electric power produced by the renewable energy power generation device; as shown in fig. 2, a water storage unit 15, a water pump 16, a water electrolysis hydrogen production unit 17, an oxygen storage unit 18, a hydrogen storage unit 19 and a hydrogen valve 20 are arranged in the hydrogen production device, water enters the water electrolysis hydrogen production unit 17 under the action of the water pump 16, hydrogen and oxygen obtained by electrolysis enter the hydrogen storage unit 19 and the oxygen storage unit 18 respectively for storage for later use; wherein the hydrogen valve 20 controls the opening and closing of the hydrogen storage device 19.
The formic acid synthesis device D is respectively communicated with the carbon dioxide capture device and the hydrogen production device, and synthesizes formic acid by utilizing the electric power generated by the renewable energy power generation device, the carbon dioxide prepared by the carbon dioxide capture device and the hydrogen prepared by the hydrogen production device under the action of a catalyst and an alkaline solution; as shown in FIG. 2, CO2The valve 14 and the hydrogen valve 20 respectively control the flow of the carbon dioxide and the hydrogen so that the carbon dioxide and the hydrogen enter the formic acid synthesis device; the formic acid synthesis device comprises a gas mixing unit 21, a formic acid synthesis unit 22 and a formic acid separation unit 23 which are communicated, H2(Storage)Hydrogen and CO in Unit 192CO in the storage unit 132The mixed gas is mixed in a gas mixing unit 21 and enters a formic acid synthesis unit 22, mixed liquid of formic acid and water is synthesized under the action of a catalyst and an alkaline solution, and the mixed liquid of the formic acid and the water is separated by a formic acid separation unit 23 to obtain high-energy compounds of formic acid and water, wherein the formic acid is reserved. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the alkaline solution is an aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution; the catalyst is a supported catalyst and comprises a carrier and an active center, the load capacity of the active center in the supported catalyst is less than 0.5 wt%, the carrier is at least one of silicon dioxide, a carbon material, a molecular sieve, hydrotalcite, magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite and mesoporous alumina, and the active center is a noble metal single atom; the noble metal nitrogen atom is at least one of Au, Pd, Ru and Rh; the pressure of carbon dioxide is 1-2MPa, the pressure of hydrogen is 2-4MPa, and the reaction temperature is 80-100 ℃; when formic acid and water are obtained by separation, the formic acid and the water are obtained by distillation separation by utilizing the different boiling points of the components, and the water is circulated to a hydrogen production device.
The formic acid fuel cell E is respectively communicated with the carbon dioxide capture device B, the formic acid synthesis device D and the hydrogen production device C, the formic acid synthesized by the formic acid synthesis device and the oxygen produced by the hydrogen production device enter the formic acid fuel cell to generate electric energy, carbon dioxide and water are produced while the electric energy is generated, the carbon dioxide enters the carbon dioxide capture device to be recycled, and the water enters the hydrogen production device to be recycled.
In a preferred embodiment, the formic acid fuel cell E is connected to the renewable energy power generation device a in a grid-connected state, and supplements the renewable energy power generation device with electric energy when the renewable energy power generation device is short of electric power.
As an alternative embodiment, the formic acid fuel cell E may be in communication with an electricity utilization system for directly powering a user.
As an alternative embodiment, the carbon dioxide capturing device can be supplied with electric energy by adopting a fossil energy power generation mode, so that the carbon dioxide in the air can be captured.
As an alternative embodiment, the hydrogen production device can be supplied with electric energy by using a fossil energy power generation mode, so that hydrogen and oxygen are produced by electrolyzing water.
In a preferred embodiment, the system further comprises a PLC (programmable logic controller), as shown in FIG. 3, the PLC is connected with the carbon dioxide capture device, and the PLC controls the CO to enter the CO by a frequency converter2The flow rate of air of the absorption unit 2 to adjust the capture rate of carbon dioxide; further, the PLC can also control the porous liquid to enter the CO through the frequency converter2The flow rate of the absorption unit 2 to adjust the capture rate of carbon dioxide; furthermore, the PLC can also control the rich liquid to enter CO through the frequency converter2The rate of the regeneration unit 7 to adjust the rate of regeneration of carbon dioxide. When the electricity abandon of the renewable energy power generation device is reduced, the capture rate of the carbon dioxide can be adjusted through the PLC so as to keep the power balance.
As another preferred embodiment, the system also comprises a PLC programmable controller, as shown in figure 3, the PLC programmable controller is connected with the hydrogen production device, and the frequency converter is used for controlling the rate of the hydrogen produced by electrolyzing water. When the electricity abandonment of the renewable energy power generation device is reduced, the hydrogen production rate can be adjusted through the PLC so as to keep the power balance.
As another preferred embodiment, the system further comprises a PLC programmable controller, as shown in fig. 3, the PLC programmable controller is connected to the formic acid synthesis device, and the frequency converter is used to control the rate of synthesizing formic acid. When the electricity abandonment of the renewable energy power generation device is reduced, the rate of synthesizing formic acid can be adjusted through the PLC so as to keep the power balance.
As another preferred embodiment, the system further comprises a PLC programmable controller, as shown in fig. 3, the PLC programmable controller is connected to the formic acid fuel cell, and controls the electric energy generated by the formic acid fuel cell through the frequency converter, so as to ensure the electric power balance between the renewable energy power generation device and the formic acid fuel cell, and utilize the energy with maximum efficiency.
Example 2
This example provides a peak shaving method using the system provided in example 1, which specifically includes the following steps,
off-peak period of electricity consumption
The carbon dioxide capturing device captures carbon dioxide in the air under the action of the porous liquid by utilizing the power generated by the renewable energy power generation device, and the carbon dioxide is obtained after regeneration and stored for later use; the porous liquid comprises ZIF-8, ethylene glycol and 2-methylimidazole, wherein the mass fraction of the ZIF-8 in the porous liquid is 15 wt%, and the mass ratio of the ethylene glycol to the 2-methylimidazole is 3: 2;
the hydrogen production device utilizes the electric power generated by the renewable energy power generation device to produce hydrogen and oxygen, and stores the hydrogen and oxygen for later use;
the electric energy generated by power generation by using renewable energy sources, the carbon dioxide and the hydrogen react under the action of the catalyst and the alkaline solution to obtain a mixed solution of high-energy compounds formic acid and water, and the formic acid is obtained after distillation and separation and stored, so that the storage of surplus power is realized. When synthesizing formic acid, the alkaline solution is 1mol/L sodium bicarbonate water solution; the catalyst is Ru/MgAl-LDHs (magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite), and the load of Ru is 0.3 wt%; the ratio of the mass of catalyst to the volume of aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution was 1.2 g:100 ml; the pressure of carbon dioxide is 1.5 plus or minus 0.1MPa, the pressure of hydrogen is 3 plus or minus 0.1MPa, and the reaction temperature is 90 ℃.
Peak hours of electricity consumption
Formic acid and oxygen synthesized in the electricity consumption valley period enter a formic acid fuel cell to generate electric energy, and carbon dioxide and water can be generated while the electric energy is generated and respectively enter a carbon dioxide capturing device and a hydrogen production device to realize cyclic utilization.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A system for peak shaving renewable energy power generation by utilizing carbon dioxide is characterized by comprising,
a renewable energy power generation device;
a carbon dioxide capture device for directly capturing carbon dioxide in the air; a porous liquid spraying port is formed in the carbon dioxide capturing device and used for spraying porous liquid to capture carbon dioxide in the air;
the hydrogen production device realizes the production of hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyzing water;
the formic acid synthesis device is respectively communicated with the carbon dioxide capture device and the hydrogen production device; synthesizing formic acid by using the electric power produced by the renewable energy power generation device, the carbon dioxide collected by the carbon dioxide collecting device and the hydrogen prepared by the hydrogen production device;
the formic acid fuel cell is respectively communicated with the carbon dioxide collecting device, the hydrogen production device and the formic acid synthesis device; the formic acid synthesized by the formic acid synthesis device and the oxygen prepared by the hydrogen production device are utilized to generate electric energy.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the formic acid fuel cell further obtains water and carbon dioxide during the process of generating electric energy, the water enters the hydrogen production device, and the carbon dioxide enters the carbon dioxide capture device for reuse.
3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the carbon dioxide capture device directly captures carbon dioxide in the air using power generated by the renewable energy power generation device; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the hydrogen production device utilizes the electric power produced by the renewable energy power generation device to realize the production of hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyzing water.
4. The system of any one of claims 1-3, further comprising a PLC programmable controller;
the PLC is connected with the carbon dioxide capture device to adjust the capture rate and the regeneration rate of the carbon dioxide; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the PLC is connected with the hydrogen production device to adjust the rate of producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the PLC is connected with the formic acid synthesis device to adjust the rate of synthesizing formic acid; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the PLC is connected with the formic acid fuel cell to adjust the electric energy generated by the formic acid fuel cell.
5. A method of peak shaving using the system of any one of claims 1-4, comprising,
in the electricity consumption valley period, the carbon dioxide in the air is captured by the carbon dioxide capture device, the hydrogen production device realizes the production of hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyzing water, and the formic acid synthesis device synthesizes formic acid by utilizing the electricity produced by the renewable energy power generation device, the carbon dioxide captured by the carbon dioxide capture device and the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device, so as to realize the storage of surplus electricity;
in the electricity consumption peak period, the formic acid fuel cell generates electric energy by using the formic acid synthesized by the formic acid synthesis device and the oxygen prepared by the hydrogen production device to provide electricity.
6. The peak shaving method according to claim 5, wherein the carbon dioxide capturing device uses electricity generated by the renewable energy power generation device when capturing carbon dioxide in the air;
the hydrogen production device utilizes the electricity generated by the renewable energy power generation device when electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen and oxygen.
7. A peak shaving method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the formic acid fuel cell produces carbon dioxide and water at the same time as producing electric energy, the carbon dioxide is recycled to the carbon dioxide capture unit and the water is recycled to the hydrogen production unit.
8. The peak shaving method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein carbon dioxide and hydrogen are used to synthesize formic acid under the action of a catalyst and an alkaline solution;
the ratio of the mass of the catalyst to the volume of the alkaline solution is 1-1.5g to 100 ml;
the catalyst is a supported catalyst and comprises a carrier and an active center; the loading amount of the active center in the supported catalyst is less than 0.5 wt%;
the carrier is at least one of silicon dioxide, carbon materials, molecular sieves, hydrotalcite and mesoporous alumina; the active center is a noble metal monoatomic atom; the noble metal nitrogen atom is at least one of Au, Pd, Ru and Rh;
the alkaline solution is sodium bicarbonate water solution, and the concentration of the sodium bicarbonate water solution is 1-1.5 mol/L.
9. The peak shaving method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the pressure of carbon dioxide is 1 to 2MPa, the pressure of hydrogen is 2 to 4MPa, and the temperature is 80 to 100 ℃ when the formic acid synthesis device synthesizes formic acid.
10. The peak shaving method according to any one of claims 5-9, wherein the porous liquid comprises ZIF-8 and further comprises at least one of ethylene glycol, 2-methylimidazole, and polydimethylsiloxane;
preferably, the porous liquid comprises ZIF-8, ethylene glycol, and 2-methylimidazole; or, the porous liquid comprises ZIF-8 and polydimethylsiloxane;
more preferably, the mass fraction of ZIF-8 in the porous liquid is 10-20%.
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| PCT/CN2021/144055 WO2023035515A1 (en) | 2021-09-10 | 2021-12-31 | System and method for peak regulation of renewable power generation by using carbon dioxide |
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