CN113654916B - Box girder ultimate strength test device and test method - Google Patents
Box girder ultimate strength test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113654916B CN113654916B CN202111033889.XA CN202111033889A CN113654916B CN 113654916 B CN113654916 B CN 113654916B CN 202111033889 A CN202111033889 A CN 202111033889A CN 113654916 B CN113654916 B CN 113654916B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/20—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady bending forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/22—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady torsional forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0021—Torsional
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0023—Bending
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0026—Combination of several types of applied forces
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of box girder strength test, and discloses a box girder ultimate strength test device, which comprises two bases fixed on a ground platform, wherein a box girder is arranged between the bases, two ends of the box girder are fixed with longitudinal loading arms, the outer ends of the longitudinal loading arms are fixed with transverse extension arms, and the bottom surfaces of the outer ends of the transverse extension arms are connected with the top surfaces of the bases through spherical hinges; the top surface of one longitudinal loading arm is distributed with a plurality of loading components from the center to one end, the top surface of the other longitudinal loading arm is also distributed with loading components from the center to the other end, the number of the loading components on the two longitudinal loading arms is equal and the loading components are symmetrically distributed about the center of the box beam, and each loading head of the loading components is provided with a pressure sensor. The invention can carry out the ultimate strength test of the box girder under the configuration load of bending moment and torque, and the test state is more matched with the sailing state of the real ship, thereby providing higher reference value for the verification of the theoretical forecasting method of the ultimate strength of the hull structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of box girder strength test, in particular to a box Liang Jixian strength test device and a box Liang Jixian strength test method.
Background
The model test is one of the main methods for researching the ultimate strength of the ship body, and the test can relatively intuitively research the gradual collapse process of the structure from local part to whole under the action of external load. The real ship test is huge in cost and difficult to carry out the real ship ultimate strength test, so that the real ship test is carried out rarely, more box girder model tests (also called model test sections) are carried out, and although the test object is no longer a reduced scale model of the ship, the box girder model tests provide a lot of data and conclusions with reference value for the verification of the ship body structural ultimate strength theory forecasting method.
The existing box girder test devices and methods generally test bending moment and torque independently, and provide reference for the ultimate strength theory of the hull structure according to test results. However, the actual sailing ship is not only subjected to the action of the wave bending moment, but also subjected to the action of the torque, and particularly for large-opening ships (such as container ships and the like), the ultimate strength performance evaluation needs to consider the action of the vertical wave bending moment and the combined action of the vertical wave bending moment and the torque. The existing box girder test device and test method can not simulate bending moment torque to carry out ultimate strength test under the synergistic effect of load proportion generated by wave conditions, so that evaluation data which is more similar to the actual load state of the ship body can not be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a box girder ultimate strength testing device and a testing method, which can perform box girder ultimate strength test under the combined action of bending moment and torque according to load proportion, so that the load state of a ship body in a wave state can be simulated more truly, and the ultimate load data obtained through the test provides higher reference value for verifying a ship body structure ultimate strength theory forecasting method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the box girder ultimate strength test device comprises two base seats fixed on a ground platform, wherein a box girder is arranged between the base seats, two ends of the box girder are fixedly provided with longitudinal loading arms, the outer ends of the longitudinal loading arms are fixedly provided with transverse extension arms, and the bottom surfaces of the outer ends of the transverse extension arms are connected with the top surfaces of the base seats through spherical hinges; the top surface of one longitudinal loading arm is distributed with a plurality of loading components from the center to one end, the top surface of the other longitudinal loading arm is also distributed with loading components from the center to the other end, the number of the loading components on the two longitudinal loading arms is equal and the loading components are symmetrically distributed about the center of the box girder, and each loading component is provided with a pressure sensor on a loading head. The longitudinal loading arm provides effective torque for the box girder, the transverse extension arm provides effective bending moment for the box girder, and the bending moment and the torque are simultaneously applied to the box girder through eccentric loading of the loading assembly, so that the bending moment and the torque are tested according to the ultimate strength of the load ratio, more effective test data are obtained, and higher reference value is provided for verification of a ship structure ultimate strength theory forecasting method.
Preferably, the box beam, the longitudinal loading arm and the transverse extension arm are all of cuboid structures, a first displacement sensor is arranged right below the geometric center of the box beam on the ground platform, and a second displacement sensor is arranged right below the geometric center of the longitudinal loading arm on the ground platform. The first displacement sensor and the second displacement sensor detect displacement in real time in the test process, and finally a graph of displacement-ultimate strength can be obtained.
Preferably, the longitudinal loading arm is provided with an angle sensor. The angle sensor is used for collecting the angle variation of the longitudinal loading arm in the test process, and finally, the curve graph of the angle-limit load can be obtained.
A test method of a box girder ultimate strength test device comprises the following steps:
s1: obtaining a bending moment theoretical value M and a limiting strength torque theoretical value M when the box girder reaches the limiting strength according to load proportion calculation t ；
S2: according to the formula m=a×f Total (S) Calculating to obtain F Total (S) A is the distance between the loading point of the loading component and the corresponding spherical hinge supporting point of the transverse extension arm, F Total (S) The sum of the loading forces of all loading components on any one longitudinal loading arm;
s3: according to the formulaThe number n of load points on a single longitudinal load arm is estimated by combining the loading capacity of the loading assembly; setting the loading force F of each loading point 1 ＝F 2 ＝......＝F i Calculate F i Wherein F is a value of i To achieve M t Theoretical loading force of each loading assembly;
s4: setting the position of a loading point: each loading point is at a distance b from the center of the longitudinal loading arm i According to the formulaCalculate all b on single longitudinal loading arm i According to the sum of all b on a single longitudinal load arm i The distribution position of each loading point on one side of the longitudinal loading arm is prepared by the sum n of the values;
s5: the method comprises the steps of fixing a box beam, a longitudinal loading arm and a transverse extension arm to form an integral test section, connecting the integral test section with a base through a spherical hinge, adjusting the integral test section to be in a horizontal state through a level gauge and a supporting block which is fragile under compression, marking the positions of loading points on the longitudinal loading arm, and arranging an independent loading assembly at each loading point;
s6: the method comprises the steps that a strain sensor is installed on a box beam, a first displacement sensor is installed on a ground platform and located right below the geometric center of the box beam, a second displacement sensor is installed on the ground platform and located right below the geometric center of a longitudinal loading arm, and an angle sensor is installed on the longitudinal loading arm;
s7: the whole test section is loaded in one stage: all loading components adopt force control to synchronously load, and each loading amount is 5-10% F i Maintaining pressure for 3-8 min after each loading, recording the detection values of the strain sensor, the value L of the first displacement sensor, the values of the two second displacement sensors as L1 and L2, and the values of the angle sensorsAnd calculating the actual bending moment value M under the load Real world And actual factValue Mt of the actual torque Real world When M Real world More than or equal to 50 percent of M or Mt Real world ≥50％M t When the loading is stopped;
s8: two-stage loading of the whole test section: the loading assembly carries out synchronous loading in a displacement control mode, vertical relative displacement delta of the box beam is calculated according to the values of x, y1 and y2 obtained by the last loading in the first stage and by combining a formula delta=L- (L1+L2)/2, the displacement of each loading of the loading assembly is controlled to be 5-10%, pressure is maintained for 3-8 minutes after each loading, the detection value of a strain sensor, the value L of a first displacement sensor, the values of two second displacement sensors are L1 and L2, and the value of an angle sensor are recordedAnd calculating the actual bending moment value M under the load Real world And an actual torque value Mt Real world M calculated after loading Real world Or Mt Real world When any value of the (c) is smaller than the last value, stopping loading;
s9: and (3) recording a plurality of groups of data obtained in the step (S7) and the step (S8) in a rectangular coordinate system to obtain a curve graph of bending moment and torque, wherein the peak value on the curve graph is the ultimate strength value of the model under the load ratio test working condition.
Preferably, in step S1, the load ratio is determined according to a real ship test, a ship model test or a load forecasting method, and after the load ratio is determined, a nonlinear finite element analysis method is adopted to calculate a theoretical bending moment value M and a theoretical torque value M when the ultimate strength of the box girder is obtained t 。
Preferably, in step S3, the loading capacity of the loading assembly is set to 50% -80% of the maximum loading load of the loading assembly.
Preferably, in step S4, b on the same longitudinal loading arm i The values of (2) are distributed in an arithmetic progression.
Preferably, a preloading step is further provided between steps S6 and S7, and the preloading method is as follows: all loading modules are controlled in a force-controlled manner in the range of 5-10% F i The loading force of the test section is preloaded and unloaded, and the test section is observed after 3 to 5 times of repetitionAnd (3) observing the operation condition of the whole test device and the assembly condition of the whole test section, eliminating the assembly gap of the whole test section, and reducing the residual stress generated during the processing of the whole test section.
Preferably, after step S9, the whole test section is continuously loaded in the manner of step S8 until M Real world For M in S8 Real world 40-80% of maximum value or Mt Real world Has the value of Mt in S8 Real world And when the maximum value is 40-80%, stopping loading, and observing the collapse process and the collapse mode of the whole test section, so as to provide reference for the collapse mode of the hull structure under the action of the ultimate strength.
Therefore, the invention can carry out the ultimate strength test of the box girder under the configuration load of bending moment and torque, the test state is more matched with the sailing state of the real ship, the value of the data acquired in the test process is higher, and further, the invention provides higher reference value for the verification of the theoretical forecasting method of the ultimate strength of the hull structure.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a left side view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the box girder, the longitudinal loading arm, and the transverse extension arm.
Fig. 4 is a front view of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a graph of corner versus bending moment.
Fig. 7 is a graph of corner versus torque.
Fig. 8 is a displacement-loading force graph.
In the figure: the device comprises a base 1, a box beam 2, a longitudinal loading arm 3, a transverse extension arm 4, a spherical hinge 5, a loading assembly 6 and a loading point 7.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the drawings and detailed description which follow:
the box girder ultimate strength test device as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4 comprises two bases 1 fixed on a ground platform, wherein a box girder 2 is arranged between the bases, two ends of the box girder 2 are fixedly provided with longitudinal loading arms 3, the outer ends of the longitudinal loading arms 3 are fixedly provided with transverse extension arms 4, and the bottom surfaces of the outer ends of the transverse extension arms 4 are connected with the top surfaces of the bases 1 through spherical hinges 5; the top surface of one longitudinal loading arm 3 is provided with a plurality of loading assemblies 6 from the center to one end, the top surface of the other longitudinal loading arm 3 is also provided with loading assemblies 6 from the center to the other end, the number of the loading assemblies on the two longitudinal loading arms is equal and the loading assemblies are symmetrically distributed about the center of the box girder, and the distribution mode of the loading assemblies is shown in figure 5; a pressure sensor is arranged on the loading head of each loading assembly. The box girder 2, the longitudinal loading arm 3 and the transverse extension arm 4 are all in a cuboid structure, the box girder 2, the longitudinal loading arm 3 and the transverse extension arm 4 are fixedly connected through bolts to form an integral test section shown in figure 3, a first displacement sensor is arranged right below the geometric center of the box girder on the ground platform, and a second displacement sensor is arranged right below the geometric center of the longitudinal loading arm on the ground platform; the longitudinal loading arm is provided with an angle sensor.
A test method of a box girder ultimate strength test device comprises the following steps:
s1: the load proportion is determined according to a real ship test, a ship model test or a load forecasting mode, and after the load proportion is determined, a nonlinear finite element analysis method is adopted for calculating the moment theoretical value M and the moment theoretical value M when the box girder reaches the ultimate strength t ；
S2: according to the formula m=a×f Total (S) Calculating to obtain F Total (S) As shown in FIG. 5, a is the distance from the loading point of the loading assembly to the corresponding spherical hinge supporting point of the transversely extending arm, F Total (S) The sum of the loading forces of all loading components on any one longitudinal loading arm;
s3: according to the formulaThe number n of load points on a single longitudinal load arm is estimated by combining the loading capacity of the loading assembly; setting the loading force F of each loading point 1 ＝F 2 ＝......＝F i Calculate F i Of (2), whereinF i To achieve M t Theoretical loading force of each loading assembly; the loading capacity of the loading assembly is set to be 50% -80% of the maximum loading load of the loading assembly;
s4: setting the position of a loading point: as shown in fig. 5, each loading point is a distance b from the center of the longitudinal loading arm i According to the formulaCalculate all b on single longitudinal loading arm i According to the sum of all b on a single longitudinal load arm i The distribution position of each loading point on one side of the longitudinal loading arm is adjusted by the sum value of n, and b on the same longitudinal loading arm i The values of (2) are distributed in an arithmetic progression;
s5: the box beam, the longitudinal loading arm and the transverse extension arm are fixed to form an integral test section, the integral test section is connected with a base through a spherical hinge, the integral test section is adjusted to be in a horizontal state through a level gauge and a supporting block which is fragile under compression, the position of a loading point 7 is marked on the longitudinal loading arm, each loading point is provided with an independent loading assembly, three loading points are arranged on each transverse loading arm in FIG. 5 and are only used for indicating the distribution state of the loading points, the number of the loading points is not limited, and the number of the loading points is calculated according to the actual test process;
s6: the strain sensor is arranged on the box beam, the first displacement sensor is arranged right below the geometric center of the box beam on the ground platform, the second displacement sensor is arranged right below the geometric center of the longitudinal loading arm on the ground platform, and the angle sensor is arranged on the longitudinal loading arm; the whole test section is preloaded, and the preloading method comprises the following steps: all loading modules are controlled in a force-controlled manner in the range of 5-10% F i The loading force of the whole test section is preloaded and unloaded, the operation condition of the whole test device and the assembly condition of the whole test section are observed after the operation is repeated for 3-5 times, the assembly gap of the whole test section is eliminated, and the residual stress generated during the processing of the whole test section is reduced;
s7: the whole test section is loaded in one stage: all loading components adoptSynchronous loading is carried out by controlling the force, and the loading amount is 5-10% F each time i Maintaining the pressure for 3-8 minutes after each loading, recording the detection values of the strain sensor, the value L of the first displacement sensor, the values of the two second displacement sensors as L1 and L2 and the values of the angle sensorsAnd calculating the actual bending moment value M under the load Real world And an actual torque value Mt Real world When M Real world More than or equal to 50 percent of M or Mt Real world ≥50％M t When the loading is stopped;
s8: two-stage loading of the whole test section: the loading assembly carries out synchronous loading in a displacement control mode, the vertical relative displacement delta of the box beam is calculated according to the values of L, L1 and L2 obtained by the last loading in the first stage and the combination of a formula delta=L- (L1+L2)/2, the displacement of each loading of the loading assembly is controlled to be 5-10 percent delta, pressure is maintained for 3-8 minutes after each loading, the detection value of a strain sensor, the value L of a first displacement sensor, the values of two second displacement sensors are L1 and L2, and the value of an angle sensor are recordedAnd calculating the actual bending moment value M under the load Real world And an actual torque value Mt Real world M calculated after loading Real world Or Mt Real world When any value of the (c) is smaller than the last value, stopping loading;
s9: recording a plurality of groups of data obtained in the step S7 and the step S8 in a rectangular coordinate system to obtain a curve graph of bending moment and torque, wherein the peak value on the curve graph is the ultimate strength value of the model under the load ratio test working condition;
to further observe the crash process and crash mode of the whole test section, after S9, the whole test section is continuously loaded in the mode in step S8 until M Real world For M in S8 Real world 40-80% of maximum value or Mt Real world Has the value of Mt in S8 Real world When the maximum value is 40-80%, stopping loading, and observing the collapse process and the collapse mode of the whole test section to further obtain the collapse method of the ship body structure under the action of the ultimate strengthThe formula provides a reference.
From the above test process, the data collected by the angle sensorAnd a bending moment detection value M Real world Establishing a graph of the angle-bending moment for the corresponding data as shown in fig. 6; data collected by an angle sensor->And torque value Mt Real world Establishing a graph of angle-torque for corresponding data of (a) as shown in fig. 7; a graph of the vertical relative displacement δ of the box beam versus the loading force data of the loading assembly is calculated from δ=l- (l1+l2)/2, as shown in fig. 8.
The graph can provide higher reference value for verification of a ship body structure ultimate strength theory forecasting method.
The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any simple changes, equivalent substitutions or modifications made on the basis of the present invention to solve the substantially same technical problems and achieve substantially the same technical effects are encompassed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The test method of the box girder ultimate strength test device is suitable for the box girder ultimate strength test device and is characterized in that the box girder ultimate strength test device comprises two bases fixed on a ground platform, a box girder is arranged between the bases, two ends of the box girder are fixedly provided with longitudinal loading arms, the outer ends of the longitudinal loading arms are fixedly provided with transverse extension arms, and the bottom surface of the outer ends of the transverse extension arms is connected with the top surface of the base through spherical hinges; the top surface of one longitudinal loading arm is provided with a plurality of loading assemblies from the center to one end, the top surface of the other longitudinal loading arm is also provided with loading assemblies from the center to the other end, the number of the loading assemblies on the two longitudinal loading arms is equal and the loading assemblies are symmetrically distributed about the center of the box girder, and the loading heads of each loading assembly are provided with pressure sensors;
the test method comprises the following steps:
s1: according to the load proportion, a bending moment theoretical value M and a torque theoretical value M when the box girder reaches the ultimate strength are obtained through calculation t ；
S2: according to the formula m=a×f Total (S) Calculating to obtain F Total (S) A is the distance between the loading point of the loading component and the corresponding spherical hinge supporting point of the transverse extension arm, F Total (S) The sum of the loading forces of all loading components on any one longitudinal loading arm;
s3: according to the formulaThe number n of load points on a single longitudinal load arm is estimated by combining the loading capacity of the loading assembly; setting the loading force F of each loading point 1 ＝F 2 ＝......＝F i Calculate F i Wherein F is a value of i To achieve M t Theoretical loading force of each loading assembly;
s4: setting the position of a loading point: each loading point is at a distance b from the center of the longitudinal loading arm i According to the formulaCalculate all b on single longitudinal loading arm i According to the sum of all b on a single longitudinal load arm i The distribution position of each loading point on one side of the longitudinal loading arm is adjusted by the sum value n of the loading points;
s5: the method comprises the steps of fixing a box beam, a longitudinal loading arm and a transverse extension arm to form an integral test section, connecting the integral test section with a base through a spherical hinge, adjusting the integral test section to be in a horizontal state through a level gauge and a supporting block which is fragile under compression, marking the position of a loading point on the longitudinal loading arm, and arranging an independent loading assembly at each loading point;
s6: the strain sensor is arranged on the box beam, the first displacement sensor is arranged on the ground platform and is positioned right below the geometric center of the box beam, the second displacement sensor is arranged on the ground platform and is positioned right below the geometric center of the longitudinal loading arm, and the angle sensor is arranged on the longitudinal loading arm;
s7: the whole test section is loaded in one stage: all loading components adopt force control to synchronously load, and each loading amount is 5-10% F i Maintaining pressure for 3-8 min after each loading, recording the detection values of the strain sensor, the value L of the first displacement sensor, the values of the two second displacement sensors as L1 and L2, and the values of the angle sensorsAnd calculating the actual bending moment value M under the load Real world And an actual torque value Mt Real world When M Real world More than or equal to 50 percent of M or Mt Real world ≥50％M t When the loading is stopped;
s8: two-stage loading of the whole test section: the loading assembly carries out synchronous loading in a displacement control mode, the vertical relative displacement delta of the box beam is calculated according to the values of L, L1 and L2 obtained by the last loading in the first stage and the combination of a formula delta=L- (L1+L2)/2, the displacement of each loading of the loading assembly is controlled to be 5-10 percent delta, pressure is maintained for 3-8 minutes after each loading, the detection value of a strain sensor, the value L of a first displacement sensor, the values of two second displacement sensors are L1 and L2, and the value of an angle sensor are recordedAnd calculating the actual bending moment value M under the load Real world And an actual torque value Mt Real world M calculated after loading Real world Or Mt Real world When any value of the (c) is smaller than the last value, stopping loading;
s9: and (3) recording a plurality of groups of data obtained in the step (S7) and the step (S8) in a rectangular coordinate system to obtain a curve graph of bending moment and torque, wherein the peak value on the curve graph is the ultimate strength value of the model under the load ratio test working condition.
2. The test method of the box girder ultimate strength test device according to claim 1, wherein the box girder, the longitudinal loading arm and the transverse extension arm are all of cuboid structures, a first displacement sensor is arranged right below the geometric center of the box girder on the ground platform, and a second displacement sensor is arranged right below the geometric center of the longitudinal loading arm on the ground platform.
3. The test method of the box girder ultimate strength test device according to claim 1, wherein the longitudinal loading arm is provided with an angle sensor.
4. The test method of the box girder ultimate strength test device according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the load ratio is determined according to a real ship test, a ship model test or a load forecast mode, and after the load ratio is determined, a nonlinear finite element analysis method is adopted to calculate a bending moment theoretical value M and a torque theoretical value M when the box girder ultimate strength is obtained t 。
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the loading capacity of the loading assembly is set to 50% -80% of the maximum loading load of the loading assembly.
6. The test method of a box girder ultimate strength test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, b on the same longitudinal loading arm i The values of (2) are distributed in an arithmetic progression.
7. The test method of the box girder ultimate strength test device according to claim 1, wherein a pre-loading step is further provided between the steps S6 and S7, and the pre-loading method is as follows: all loading modules are controlled in a force-controlled manner in the range of 5-10% F i The loading force of the whole test section is preloaded and unloaded, the operation condition of the whole test device and the assembly condition of the whole test section are observed after the operation is repeated for 3-5 times, the assembly gap of the whole test section is eliminated, and the residual stress generated during the processing of the whole test section is reduced.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein after step S9, loading the whole test section in the manner of step S8 is continued until M Real world For M in S8 Real world 40-80% of maximum value or Mt Real world Has the value of Mt in S8 Real world And when the maximum value is 40-80%, stopping loading, and observing the collapse process and the collapse mode of the whole test section, so as to provide a reference for the collapse mode of the hull structure under the action of the ultimate strength.
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