CN113647910B - Wearable sweat sensor, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Wearable sweat sensor, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113647910B CN113647910B CN202110921950.8A CN202110921950A CN113647910B CN 113647910 B CN113647910 B CN 113647910B CN 202110921950 A CN202110921950 A CN 202110921950A CN 113647910 B CN113647910 B CN 113647910B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/42—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the gastrointestinal, the endocrine or the exocrine systems
- A61B5/4261—Evaluating exocrine secretion production
- A61B5/4266—Evaluating exocrine secretion production sweat secretion
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
- A61B5/053—Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/14507—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue specially adapted for measuring characteristics of body fluids other than blood
- A61B5/14517—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue specially adapted for measuring characteristics of body fluids other than blood for sweat
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/683—Means for maintaining contact with the body
- A61B5/6832—Means for maintaining contact with the body using adhesives
- A61B5/6833—Adhesive patches
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/12—Manufacturing methods specially adapted for producing sensors for in-vivo measurements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/16—Details of sensor housings or probes; Details of structural supports for sensors
- A61B2562/164—Details of sensor housings or probes; Details of structural supports for sensors the sensor is mounted in or on a conformable substrate or carrier
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wearable sweat sensor, a preparation method and application thereof. The wearable sweat sensor comprises a sweat absorbing mechanism which can generate different degrees of deformation when absorbing sweat with different volumes; and the sensing mechanism is used for monitoring the deformation degree of the sweat absorbing mechanism after sweat is absorbed and generating corresponding sensing signals. The invention converts sweat output and sweat output information into real-time continuous mechanical sensing signals, monitors the sweat output and sweat output in a wide range of unit skin area in real time by utilizing a mechanical sensing mechanism, can rapidly and accurately test and analyze the sweat output and sweat output of different areas of a human body, and has important significance in establishing a human body sweat database.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wearable equipment, and particularly relates to a wearable sweat sensor for detecting sweat and sweat rate, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Detection of sweat components, sweat output and sweat rate of a human body is an important research content of a wearable sensor, and is also a key technology for researching the relationship between sweat and human health state and diseases. Among other things, accurate detection of sweat perspiration and perspiration rate is fundamental to wearable sweat sensor research and application, the main reasons including: (1) The rate and amount of perspiration are related to the intensity of movement, health status, disease, individual differences, etc. of the human body. For example, there is a correlation between core temperature and sweat rate for thermoadaptation and aerobic exercise; the perspiration rates of the elderly and young persons are significantly different during high temperature exercise, due to the fact that sweat gland function changes with age, and low blood volume may reduce perspiration sensitivity; the amount of perspiration and the short time drastic changes in the rate of perspiration are strongly correlated with the state and ability of exercise. (2) Changes in perspiration rate have an effect on the detection of sweat components. The speed of sweating rate affects the reabsorption of electrolyte ions such as sodium ions, and a direct relation exists between the sweating rate and the concentration of sodium ions and chloride ions of final sweating; the detected concentration of the different sweat components varies under the influence of the sweat rate. Therefore, to achieve accurate detection of sweat components by the wearable sweat sensor, and to research and establish the correlation significance of sweat components, sweat output, sweat rate and exercise, health, disease, etc., the wearable sensor and device of sweat output and sweat rate has very important research and development value.
Currently, the principle of detection of sweat and sweat rate by wearable sweat sensing technology is mainly based on the method of microfluidic chip attached to skin surface. The sweat passively flows into the micro-channel, the sweat is directly visualized and read out through the length and the volume of the sweat filled in the micro-channel, or parallel conductive electrodes are arranged in the micro-channel to monitor the resistance change of the sweat, and then the sweat and the sweat rate are indirectly detected through a certain calibration method. However, this method of micro flow channel puts high demands on the preparation of micro flow channel chip, and the efficiency of sweat flowing into micro flow channel is also problematic; meanwhile, new sweat and old sweat flow into the same micro-channel to cause the mixture of the new sweat and the old sweat, so that the concentration of the new sweat and the old sweat changes and the measurement of sweat resistance is affected.
Therefore, the method and the device adopted in the prior art have the advantages of complex preparation, high cost, low sweat collecting efficiency and limited sweat collecting amount, and meanwhile, the detection signal is limited by the interference of sweat concentration change, so that the sweat amount, the sweat rate and the electrolyte concentration cannot be accurately distinguished and detected.
Disclosure of Invention
The primary object of the present invention is to provide a wearable sweat sensor and device for sweat and sweat rate detection that solves the problems of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
Embodiments of the present invention provide a wearable sweat sensor for sweat and sweat rate detection, comprising:
a sweat absorbing mechanism capable of generating different degrees of deformation when absorbing sweat of different volumes;
And the sensing mechanism is used for monitoring the deformation degree of the sweat absorbing mechanism after sweat is absorbed and generating corresponding sensing signals.
Further, the sweat absorbing mechanism comprises a sweat absorbing expansion block, the sweat absorbing expansion block can continuously absorb sweat secreted by the skin surface in real time and generate volume expansion, and the volume expansion amount of the sweat absorbing expansion block is positively correlated with the volume of sweat absorbed by the sweat absorbing expansion block, and the volume expansion speed is positively correlated with the volume of sweat absorbed in unit time.
Further, the sensing mechanism comprises a strain sensor, and the sweat-absorbing expansion block can drive the strain sensor to deform to different degrees after absorbing sweat with different volumes, so that the strain sensor generates corresponding sensing signals;
Wherein, deformation amount of the strain sensor is positively correlated with volume expansion amount of the sweat-absorbing expansion block, and deformation rate is positively correlated with volume expansion speed of the sweat-absorbing expansion block.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a device for detecting the perspiration quantity and the perspiration rate, which comprises:
At least one wearable sweat sensor as described above; and
And the sweat signal acquisition and processing device is connected with the wearable sweat sensor and is used for continuously acquiring and analyzing the sensing signals output by the wearable sweat sensor.
Further, the device includes a sensor array comprising a plurality of wearable sweat sensors arranged in an array.
Preferably, the plurality of wearable sweat sensors are arranged in cascade.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the wearable sweat sensor for detecting the sweat amount and the sweat rate, which comprises the following steps:
Preparing a first insulating fixed layer and a second insulating fixed layer respectively, and forming a first opening and a second opening on the first insulating fixed layer and the second insulating fixed layer respectively;
Manufacturing a strain sensor, and fixedly arranging the strain sensor between a first insulating fixed layer and a second insulating fixed layer to form a strain sensing layer;
manufacturing a sweat-absorbing expansion block, and connecting the sweat-absorbing expansion block with a strain sensing layer;
the adhesive layer is connected with the strain sensing layer, and the sweat-absorbing swelling block is exposed to the skin from a third opening formed on the adhesive layer.
Further, the strain sensor is a super-hydrophobic super-elastic low-modulus strain sensitive film sensor, and the preparation method of the strain sensitive film sensor specifically comprises the following steps:
Sequentially dissolving a super-hydrophobic super-elastic low-modulus substrate material and a conductive nano material in an organic solvent according to a proportion to form a homogeneous solution, and preparing the homogeneous solution into a film with a certain thickness by a spraying or spin coating method to form a strain sensitive film sensor;
Or firstly dissolving the super-hydrophobic super-elastic low-modulus substrate material in an organic solvent to obtain a thermoplastic elastomer solution, preparing the thermoplastic elastomer solution into a super-hydrophobic super-elastic low-modulus film with a certain thickness by a spin coating or bubble blowing method, and preparing a strain sensitive film on the film by a spraying method through a dispersion liquid of the conductive nano material to form a strain sensitive film sensor;
And (3) attaching conductive cloth to the surface of the prepared strain sensor to form an electrode, and leading out part of the electrode to the surface of the strain sensor.
Further, the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
dispersing the constituent materials of the super-hydrophobic super-elastic low-modulus substrate and the conductive nano material in an organic solvent to form a homogeneous solution, and preparing the homogeneous solution into a film to form a strain sensitive film sensor;
Or preparing a super-hydrophobic super-elastic low-modulus substrate, and coating the dispersion liquid of the conductive nano material on the surface of the substrate to form the strain sensitive thin film sensor.
Further, the preparation method of the expansion block specifically comprises the following steps:
Uniformly and dispersedly attaching a super absorbent polymer material to a non-woven fabric film, and covering a layer of non-woven fabric film on the super absorbent polymer material to form an expansion block in a film shape;
Or preparing the swelling block in a film form by using a high water absorption polymer material through a dry mechanical reinforcement or hot melt adhesive bonding method.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a method for detecting the perspiration quantity and the perspiration rate, which comprises the following steps:
Fitting the wearable sweat sensor to a selected skin surface area;
The sensing signals output by the wearable sweat sensors are continuously acquired and analyzed to enable detection of sweat and sweat rate within the selected skin surface area.
Compared with the prior art, the wearable sweat sensor for detecting the sweat amount and the sweat rate, and the preparation method and the application thereof have at least the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention provides a mechanical sensing mechanism for the first time to realize real-time continuous detection of sweat output and sweat rate information.
(2) The wearable sweat sensor and the device can realize the real-time monitoring of sweat information of a wide-range skin area, acquire a sweat yield real-time change curve of sweat according to the resistance change value recorded by the strain sensor, and acquire the sweat yield of the sweat according to the slope of the sweat yield real-time change curve.
(3) The wearable sweat sensor and the device can test and analyze sweat rate and sweat amount of different areas of a human body, and are an important basis for building a sweat database of the human body.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort to those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a wearable sweat sensor for sweat and sweat rate detection placed on skin, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a wearable sweat sensor array for sweat and sweat rate detection according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-skin; 11-skin surface; 12-hypodermis; 13-sweat; 14-sweat glands; 2-expansion blocks; a 3-strain sensing layer; 31-a first insulating fixing layer; a 32-strain sensor; 33-a second insulating fixing layer; 34-a first opening; 35-a second opening; 4-an adhesive layer; 5-wearable sweat sensor.
Detailed Description
In view of the defects of the prior art, the inventor of the present invention has long studied and put forward a technical scheme of the present invention in a great deal of practice. The technical scheme, the implementation process, the principle and the like are further explained as follows.
Embodiments of the present invention provide a wearable sweat sensor for sweat and sweat rate detection, comprising:
a sweat absorbing mechanism capable of generating different degrees of deformation when absorbing sweat of different volumes;
And the sensing mechanism is used for monitoring the deformation degree of the sweat absorbing mechanism after sweat is absorbed and generating corresponding sensing signals.
Further, the sweat absorbing mechanism comprises a sweat absorbing expansion block, the sweat absorbing expansion block can continuously absorb sweat secreted by the skin surface in real time and generate volume expansion, and the volume expansion amount of the sweat absorbing expansion block is positively correlated with the volume of sweat absorbed by the sweat absorbing expansion block, and the volume expansion speed is positively correlated with the volume of sweat absorbed in unit time.
Further, the sensing mechanism comprises a strain sensor, and the sweat-absorbing expansion block can drive the strain sensor to deform to different degrees after absorbing sweat with different volumes, so that the strain sensor generates corresponding sensing signals;
Wherein, deformation amount of the strain sensor is positively correlated with volume expansion amount of the sweat-absorbing expansion block, and deformation rate is positively correlated with volume expansion speed of the sweat-absorbing expansion block.
Further, the sweat-absorbent swelling block is film-like.
Preferably, the thickness of the sweat-absorbing swelling block is 0.5-3 mm.
Further, the strain sensor adopts a strain sensitive film sensor.
Further, the sensing mechanism is a strain sensing layer, the strain sensor is arranged in the strain sensing layer and is in contact with the sweat-absorbing expansion block, and the sweat-absorbing expansion block can push the strain sensor when absorbing sweat to expand.
Further, the strain sensing layer comprises an insulating fixing layer, a window is formed in the insulating fixing layer, the strain sensor is fixedly arranged in the insulating fixing layer, a local area is exposed out of the window, and the sweat-absorbing expansion block is in contact with the local area of the strain sensor exposed out of the window.
When the sweat sensor is attached to the skin surface for sweat detection, sweat secreted by the skin surface with a certain area at the window is continuously absorbed by the water-absorbing expansion block in real time, the water-absorbing expansion block expands in volume, the super-hydrophobic super-elastic low-modulus strain sensitive film sensor is jacked up upwards, a sweat yield real-time change curve of the sweat is obtained according to the resistance change value recorded by the strain sensitive film sensor, and the sweat yield of the sweat is obtained according to the slope of the sweat yield real-time change curve.
Further, the insulating fixed layer includes first insulating fixed layer and the insulating fixed layer of second that sets gradually along the direction of keeping away from skin, be equipped with first opening, second opening on first insulating fixed layer, the insulating fixed layer of second respectively, first opening and second opening cooperation form the window, strain sensor is fixed to be set up between first insulating fixed layer and the insulating fixed layer of second.
Preferably, the materials of the first insulating fixing layer and the second insulating fixing layer comprise polydimethylsiloxane elastic films.
Preferably, the thickness of the first insulating fixing layer and the second insulating fixing layer is 0.1-3 mm, and the area is 1-4 cm 2.
Further, central axes of the first opening and the second opening coincide.
Further, the sweat-absorbing expansion block is arranged in the first opening, and the diameter of the sweat-absorbing expansion block is the same as that of the first opening.
Further, the thickness of the sweat-absorbing swelling block is the same as that of the first insulating fixing layer.
Further, the wearable sweat sensor further comprises an adhesive layer connected with the strain sensing layer, wherein the adhesive layer is used for attaching the wearable sweat sensor to the skin surface.
Wherein, the adhesive layer is provided with a third opening so as to expose the sweat-absorbing swelling block to the skin.
In one embodiment, the adhesive layer 4 comprises an adhesive film.
Preferably, the thickness of the adhesive film is 10 to 50 μm.
In one embodiment, the sweat-absorbent swelling block comprises a porous film carrier loaded with a superabsorbent polymer or a porous film structure formed predominantly of a superabsorbent polymer.
Preferably, the super absorbent polymer comprises sodium polyacrylate particles, powder or fibers, etc.
In another embodiment, the material of the sweat-absorbent swelling block comprises a mixture of a superabsorbent polymer and pH-responsive dye molecules.
Wherein the pH responsive dye molecules comprise small organic molecules that produce a color change for different pH values of sweat.
Wherein the small organic molecules comprise congo red, methyl red, thymol blue, bromothymol blue, phenolphthalein and the like.
When sweat is detected by attaching the wearable sweat sensor to the skin surface, sweat output, sweat rate and pH change can be acquired simultaneously without interfering with each other.
Further, the strain sensitive thin film sensor comprises a super-hydrophobic super-elastic low-modulus substrate and conductive nano materials, wherein the conductive nano materials are distributed in the substrate or cover the surface of the substrate.
In one embodiment, the material of the substrate comprises any one or a combination of thermoplastic elastomers, thermoplastic polyurethanes, polydimethylsiloxanes, and silicone gels.
In one embodiment, the conductive nanomaterial includes any one of carbon nanotubes, graphene, silver nanowires, metal nanowires, and metal nanofilms.
Because the strain sensitive thin film sensor has superhydrophobic or water-resistant property, the sensing signal generated by the sensor is not interfered by water or water vapor.
In one embodiment, the sweat absorbing mechanism and the sensing mechanism are all multiple and arranged in an array.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a device for detecting the perspiration quantity and the perspiration rate, which comprises:
At least one wearable sweat sensor as described above; and
And the sweat signal acquisition and processing device is connected with the wearable sweat sensor and is used for continuously acquiring and analyzing the sensing signals output by the wearable sweat sensor.
Further, the device also includes a sensor array comprising a plurality of wearable sweat sensors arranged in an array.
Further, multiple wearable sweat sensors share the same strain sensor.
Further, the plurality of wearable sweat sensors are arranged in cascade.
Detection of perspiration and perspiration rate over a greater area of the skin surface may be achieved with the wearable sweat sensor array.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the wearable sweat sensor for detecting the sweat amount and the sweat rate, which comprises the following steps:
Preparing a first insulating fixed layer and a second insulating fixed layer respectively, and forming a first opening and a second opening on the first insulating fixed layer and the second insulating fixed layer respectively;
Manufacturing a strain sensor, and fixedly arranging the strain sensor between a first insulating fixed layer and a second insulating fixed layer to form a strain sensing layer;
manufacturing a sweat-absorbing expansion block, and connecting the sweat-absorbing expansion block with a strain sensing layer;
the adhesive layer is connected with the strain sensing layer, and the sweat-absorbing swelling block is exposed to the skin from a third opening formed on the adhesive layer.
Further, the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
Sequentially dissolving a super-hydrophobic super-elastic low-modulus substrate material and a conductive nano material in an organic solvent according to a proportion to form a homogeneous solution, and preparing the homogeneous solution into a film with a certain thickness by a spraying or spin coating method to form a strain sensitive film sensor;
Or firstly dissolving the super-hydrophobic super-elastic low-modulus substrate material in an organic solvent to obtain a thermoplastic elastomer solution, preparing the thermoplastic elastomer solution into a super-hydrophobic super-elastic low-modulus film with a certain thickness by a spin coating or bubble blowing method, and preparing a strain sensitive film on the film by a spraying method through a dispersion liquid of the conductive nano material to form the strain sensitive film sensor.
In one embodiment, the concentration of the conductive nanomaterial dispersion is 1 to 10mg/mL.
In one embodiment, the thickness of the superhydrophobic superelastic low modulus film is from 0.1 μm to 1 μm.
In one embodiment, the thickness of the strain sensitive film is 50 to 150nm.
Further, the preparation method of the expansion block specifically comprises the following steps:
Uniformly and dispersedly attaching a super absorbent polymer material to a non-woven fabric film, and covering a layer of non-woven fabric film on the super absorbent polymer material to form an expansion block in a film shape;
Or preparing the swelling block in a film form by using a high water absorption polymer material through a dry mechanical reinforcement or hot melt adhesive bonding method.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a method for detecting the perspiration quantity and the perspiration rate, which comprises the following steps:
Fitting the wearable sweat sensor to a selected skin surface area;
The sensing signals output by the wearable sweat sensors are continuously acquired and analyzed to enable detection of sweat and sweat rate within the selected skin surface area.
Example 1
The structure of a wearable sweat sensor for sweat and sweat rate detection provided in this embodiment is shown in fig. 1, which includes: the first insulating fixed layer 31 and the second insulating fixed layer 32 are sequentially arranged along the direction far away from the skin, the first insulating fixed layer 31 and the second insulating fixed layer 32 are respectively provided with a first opening 34 and a second opening 35, the first opening 34 and the second opening 35 are matched to form a strain window, the strain sensor 32 is fixedly arranged between the first insulating fixed layer 31 and the second insulating fixed layer 32, and the sweat-absorbing expansion block 2 is arranged in the first opening and is in contact with the strain sensor 32. The wearable sweat sensor further comprises an adhesive layer 4, wherein the adhesive layer 4 is attached to the surface of the skin, and a third opening is formed in the adhesive layer so that the sweat-absorbing swelling block 2 is exposed to the skin.
A method of making the sensor comprises the steps of:
1) Preparing a first insulation fixing layer 31 and a second insulation fixing layer 33 by using a polydimethylsiloxane elastic film, wherein the thickness of the first insulation fixing layer 31 and the second insulation fixing layer 33 is 0.1-3 mm, and the area is 1-4 cm 2;
2) A first opening 34 and a second opening 35 which are round are respectively formed on the first insulating fixed layer 31 and the second insulating fixed layer 33 by using a puncher, and the first opening 34 and the second opening 35 form a strain window with the diameter of 1-10 mm;
3) Selecting a thermoplastic elastomer TPE as a substrate material, fully dissolving thermoplastic elastomer particles in a cyclohexane solvent to prepare a thermoplastic elastomer solution with the mass percentage concentration of 10-30wt% and the viscosity of 300-10000 MPa.s;
4) Pouring 20-50 mL of prepared thermoplastic elastomer solution into a flat-bottom glass surface dish with the diameter of 5-10 cm, extracting 10-50 mL of air by using an injector, inserting a needle point into the bottom of the solution, slowly pushing air into the solution, so that the solution bulges a complete large bubble film, approaching and tightly attaching one surface of the first insulating fixing layer 31 towards the top surface of the large bubble film, attaching the large bubble film on the first insulating fixing layer 31, forming a complete suspended super-hydrophobic super-elastic low-modulus film in a window area of the first insulating fixing layer 31, wherein the thickness of the film is between 0.1 and 1 mu m, and is controlled by the volume of the injected solution large bubbles, the concentration and the viscosity of the thermoplastic elastomer solution;
5) Preparing conductive nano material dispersion liquid, preferably preparing 1-10 mg/mL silver nano wire aqueous dispersion liquid, preparing a strain sensitive film material on the super-hydrophobic super-elastic low-modulus film by a spraying method, forming a strain sensor, and forming a silver nano wire network structure film with the thickness of 50-150 nm;
6) Attaching conductive cloth as electrode leads to the two ends of the silver nanowire film, and leading the leads out of the first insulating fixing layer 31;
7) Bonding one surface of the first insulating fixing layer 31 on which the strain sensor 32 is formed and the second insulating fixing layer 33 through a polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer solution, and then baking in an oven at 80 ℃ for 1 hour until the second insulating fixing layer is completely cured;
8) Preparing a water-absorbing expansion block 2, cutting according to the size of the first opening 34, and embedding the water-absorbing expansion block into the first opening 34;
9) The cut adhesive layer 4 is adhered to the lower surface of the first insulating fixing layer 31 according to the size and position of the first opening 34, and may be a double-sided tape having a thickness of 10 to 50 μm.
Example 2
The structure and preparation method of the wearable sweat sensor for detecting sweat amount and sweat rate provided in this embodiment are basically the same as those in embodiment 1, except that:
the preparation method of the sweat-absorbent expansion block 2 comprises the following steps:
uniformly and dispersedly attaching a super absorbent polymer material to a non-woven fabric film, and covering a non-woven fabric film on the super absorbent polymer material to form a sweat-absorbent expansion block in a non-woven film form;
specifically, particles, powder or fibers of sodium polyacrylate are uniformly and dispersedly attached to a porous fiber non-woven fabric film carrier by using a mesh screen, and then a layer of non-woven fabric film is covered on the surface of the dispersed particles, powder or fibers to form a sweat-absorbing expansion block in the form of a sandwich film with the thickness ranging from 0.5 mm to 3mm.
Example 3
The structure and preparation method of the wearable sweat sensor for detecting sweat amount and sweat rate provided in this embodiment are basically the same as those in embodiment 2, except that:
the preparation method of the sweat-absorbent expansion block 2 comprises the following steps:
the sweat-absorbing swelling block in a film form is prepared by using high water-absorbing polymer materials such as particles, powder or fibers of sodium polyacrylate and the like through a dry mechanical reinforcement method or a hot melt adhesive method, and the thickness of the sweat-absorbing swelling block is 0.5-3 mm.
Example 4
The structure of a wearable sweat sensor for sweat and sweat rate detection provided in this embodiment is shown in fig. 2, which includes: a sensor array consisting of a plurality of wearable sweat sensors arranged in a cascade, wherein the plurality of wearable sweat sensors share the same strain sensor 32.
A method of making the sensor is similar to example 1, comprising:
Designing a window array according to the structure of the wearable sweat sensor;
The strain sensing layer 3 is manufactured, and the sweat-absorbing swelling blocks 2 with corresponding number and size are prepared according to the size and number of windows, and the strain sensor can be a strain sensitive film sensor.
More specifically, the method for manufacturing the wearable sweat sensor comprises the following steps:
Manufacturing a plurality of sweat-absorbing expansion blocks 2;
according to practical requirements, preparing an array mold of the first insulating fixing layer 31, wherein the thickness of the mold is 1-5 cm, and the material of the mold can be plastic, polymer or metal material with higher modulus;
coating a first layer of epoxy resin on the surface of the frame surface of the die by adopting a seal transfer printing method, and forming a first insulating fixing layer 31 after curing;
Pressing the array mold of the first insulating fixing layer 31 on the prepared sweat-absorbent expansion blocks 2, and dividing the sweat-absorbent expansion blocks 2 into corresponding expansion block arrays;
preparing the strain sensor 32 in a corresponding manner as described above, and attaching the strain sensor 32 to the first layer of epoxy resin before the first layer of epoxy resin is uncured;
coating a second layer of epoxy resin on the first layer of epoxy resin by adopting a seal transfer printing method again, and forming a second insulating fixing layer 33 after curing;
the cut adhesive layer 4 is attached to the first insulating fixing layer 31 according to the size and position of the first opening 34.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, when the wearable sweat sensor for detecting sweat amount and sweat rate provided by the embodiment of the present invention is disposed on the skin, sweat 13 secreted from sweat glands 14 of skin hypodermis 12 can be rapidly inhaled by sweat-absorbing swelling block 2. At this time, the expansion block 2 expands in volume, and the volume of expansion is positively correlated with the volume of sweat absorbed, the expansion block 2 expands in volume to push up the strain sensor 32 to deform the strain sensor, the deformation amount of the strain sensor 32 is positively correlated with the volume of sweat absorbed by the expansion block 2, and the rate of change of deformation is positively correlated with the rate of sweat absorbed by the expansion block 2 per unit time. A real-time change curve of the perspiration amount of the sweat is obtained according to the resistance change value recorded by the strain sensor 32, and the perspiration rate of the sweat is obtained according to the slope of the real-time change curve of the perspiration amount.
In the invention, sweat secreted by a certain area of skin surface is continuously and rapidly absorbed by the water absorption expansion block in real time, the water absorption expansion block expands in volume, the change of the volume is recorded and converted into a resistance change curve by the strain sensing layer in real time, and the sweat output and sweat rate information of the sweat correspond to the resistance value and the change slope of the curve respectively.
In the invention, the detection of sweat perspiration and perspiration rate information by using a mechanical sensing mechanism is proposed for the first time, and meanwhile, the real-time monitoring of a wide range of perspiration rates and a wide range of skin areas is realized; the wearable sweat sensor and the device can be used for testing and analyzing the sweat rate and the sweat amount of different areas of a human body, and an important basis is made for a human body sweat database.
As used herein, the term "comprising" and variations thereof mean open-ended terms, meaning "including, but not limited to. The terms "based on", "in accordance with" and the like mean "based at least in part on", "in part in accordance with". The terms "first," "second," and the like, may refer to different or the same object.
It should be understood that the technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and all technical modifications made according to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the claims are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (21)
1. A wearable sweat sensor for sweat and sweat rate detection, comprising:
A sweat absorbing mechanism capable of generating different degrees of deformation when absorbing sweat of different volumes, the sweat absorbing mechanism comprising a sweat absorbing swelling block which is film-shaped and is capable of continuously absorbing sweat secreted from the skin surface in real time and generating volume expansion; and the volume expansion amount of the sweat-absorbing expansion block is positively correlated with the volume of sweat absorbed by the sweat-absorbing expansion block, and the volume expansion speed is positively correlated with the volume of sweat absorbed per unit time;
The sensing mechanism is used for monitoring the deformation degree of the sweat absorbing mechanism after sweat is absorbed and generating corresponding sensing signals, the sensing mechanism comprises a strain sensor, the strain sensor adopts a strain sensitive film sensor, and the sweat absorbing expansion block can drive the strain sensor to generate deformation of different degrees after sweat of different volumes is absorbed, so that the strain sensor generates corresponding sensing signals, wherein the deformation amount of the strain sensor is positively correlated with the volume expansion amount of the sweat absorbing expansion block, and the deformation rate is positively correlated with the volume expansion rate of the sweat absorbing expansion block;
The sensing mechanism is a strain sensing layer, the strain sensor is arranged in the strain sensing layer and is contacted with the sweat-absorbing expansion block, and the sweat-absorbing expansion block can push the strain sensor when absorbing sweat to expand; the strain sensing layer comprises an insulating fixed layer, a window is formed in the insulating fixed layer, the strain sensor is fixedly arranged in the insulating fixed layer, a local area is exposed out of the window, and the sweat-absorbing expansion block is in contact with the local area of the strain sensor exposed out of the window;
The strain sensor is fixedly arranged between the first insulating fixed layer and the second insulating fixed layer; the materials of the first insulating fixing layer and the second insulating fixing layer comprise polydimethylsiloxane elastic films; the thickness of the first insulating fixing layer and the second insulating fixing layer is 0.1-3 mm.
2. The wearable sweat sensor of claim 1, wherein central axes of the first and second openings coincide; and/or the sweat-absorbent expansion block is arranged in the first opening; and/or the sweat-absorbent expansion block has the same diameter as the first opening; and/or the thickness of the sweat-absorbing expansion block is the same as that of the first insulating fixing layer.
3. The wearable sweat sensor of claim 1, further comprising an adhesive layer coupled to the strain sensing layer for conforming the wearable sweat sensor to a skin surface.
4. The wearable sweat sensor of claim 3, wherein a third opening is provided in the adhesive layer to expose the sweat-absorbing swelling block to the skin.
5. The wearable sweat sensor of claim 1, wherein the sweat-absorbing swelling block comprises a porous membrane carrier loaded with or formed predominantly of a super absorbent polymer comprising particles, powder or fibers of sodium polyacrylate.
6. The wearable sweat sensor of claim 5, wherein: the sweat-absorbing swelling block further comprises a pH-responsive dye molecule.
7. The wearable sweat sensor of claim 5, wherein: the thickness of the sweat-absorbing expansion block is 0.5-3 mm.
8. The wearable sweat sensor of claim 1, wherein the strain sensitive thin film sensor comprises a superhydrophobic superelastic low modulus substrate and a conductive nanomaterial distributed within or overlying the substrate surface.
9. The wearable sweat sensor of claim 8, wherein the material of the substrate comprises a combination of any one or more of thermoplastic elastomer, thermoplastic polyurethane, polydimethylsiloxane, and silicone.
10. The wearable sweat sensor of claim 8, wherein: the conductive nanomaterial comprises any one of a carbon nanotube, graphene, silver nanowire, metal nanowire and metal nano film.
11. The wearable sweat sensor of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the strain sensitive film sensor is 50-150 nm.
12. The wearable sweat sensor of claim 1, wherein the sweat absorbing mechanism and the sensing mechanism are each plural and arranged in an array; and/or, the wearable sweat sensor is a flexible device.
13. A device for detecting sweat volume and sweat rate, comprising:
at least one wearable sweat sensor of any of claims 1-12; and
And the sweat signal acquisition and processing device is connected with the wearable sweat sensor and is used for continuously acquiring and analyzing the sensing signals output by the wearable sweat sensor.
14. The device for detecting sweat and perspiration rate according to claim 13, including a sensor array containing a plurality of wearable sweat sensors arranged in an array.
15. The apparatus for detecting sweat volume and sweat rate of claim 14 wherein: the plurality of wearable sweat sensors are arranged in a cascade.
16. The method of manufacturing a wearable sweat sensor for sweat and sweat rate detection according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized by comprising: and respectively manufacturing a strain sensor and a sweat-absorbing expansion block, and enabling the sweat-absorbing expansion block to be in contact with the strain sensor.
17. The preparation method according to claim 16, characterized by comprising the following steps:
Preparing a first insulating fixed layer and a second insulating fixed layer respectively, and forming a first opening and a second opening on the first insulating fixed layer and the second insulating fixed layer respectively;
Manufacturing a strain sensor, and fixedly arranging the strain sensor between a first insulating fixed layer and a second insulating fixed layer to form a strain sensing layer;
manufacturing a sweat-absorbing expansion block, and connecting the sweat-absorbing expansion block with a strain sensing layer;
the adhesive layer is connected with the strain sensing layer, and the sweat-absorbing swelling block is exposed to the skin from a third opening formed on the adhesive layer.
18. The method for preparing as claimed in claim 16, further comprising:
Dispersing the constituent materials of the super-hydrophobic super-elastic low-modulus substrate and the conductive nano material in an organic solvent to form precursor liquid, and preparing the precursor liquid into a film to form a strain sensitive film sensor;
Or preparing a super-hydrophobic super-elastic low-modulus substrate, and coating the dispersion liquid of the conductive nano material on the surface of the substrate to form the strain sensitive thin film sensor.
19. The method of manufacturing according to claim 18, wherein: the concentration of the conductive nano material dispersion liquid is 1-10 mg/mL; and/or the thickness of the super-hydrophobic super-elastic low-modulus film is 0.1-1 mu m.
20. The preparation method of the expansion block according to claim 16, wherein the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
uniformly and dispersedly attaching a super absorbent polymer material to a non-woven fabric film, and covering a non-woven fabric film on the super absorbent polymer material to form a sweat-absorbent expansion block in a film form;
or preparing the sweat-absorbent expansion block in a film form by using a high water-absorbent polymer material through a dry mechanical reinforcement or hot melt adhesive bonding method.
21. A method for detecting an amount of perspiration and a rate of perspiration, comprising:
Fitting the wearable sweat sensor of any one of claims 1-12 to a selected skin surface area;
The sensing signals output by the wearable sweat sensors are continuously acquired and analyzed to enable detection of sweat and sweat rate within the selected skin surface area.
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