CN113647662A - Tobacco drying system and drying method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco drying, and discloses a tobacco drying system, which comprises a drying room and a tobacco container; a baking chamber and a heating chamber are arranged in the drying room; an inlet and an outlet are formed in one side of the baking chamber, guide rail parts distributed along the length direction of the baking chamber are arranged in the baking chamber, one end of each guide rail part is connected with the inlet and the outlet, and a plurality of tobacco containers can be placed on the guide rail parts side by side along the distribution direction of the guide rail parts; an air heating device is arranged in the heating chamber, and the air heating device is provided with an air inlet end and a hot air output end; the tobacco container is in sliding fit with the guide rail part and is provided with a ventilation structure, so that an airflow channel with ventilation at the top end and the bottom end and closed peripheral side is formed in the tobacco container through the ventilation structure; the invention also discloses a tobacco drying method. The tobacco container can realize circular baking, has better baking effect, ensures that the tobacco in the tobacco container is baked more uniformly, and can avoid the problem of undercooking.

Description

Tobacco drying system and drying method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco drying, and particularly relates to a tobacco drying system and a drying method.

Background

The traditional flue-cured tobacco mode is hanging rod redrying, namely hanging the original tobacco to be tied on a tobacco rod and sending the tobacco into a redrying machine for drying, and the specific technological process is as follows: tobacco weaving, namely bundling and tobacco weaving through manual work or through a simple tool; the tobacco stems are arranged in a drying chamber, and the tobacco stems are hung in an oven manually; baking, namely baking by adopting a traditional three-section type drying method; and (4) taking the tobacco leaves out of the drying chamber, and taking the tobacco leaves out of the oven one by one after drying and moisture regaining are finished.

The traditional tobacco curing mode is simple in process, most procedures are manually operated, labor intensity is high, drying efficiency is low, cost is high, the adopted redrying machine or drying room needs to uniformly and orderly stack tobacco leaves for curing, the curing effect is poor, and the half-grown condition is easy to occur.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a tobacco drying system and a drying method, which solve the problem of poor drying effect of the traditional drying technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

in one aspect, a tobacco drying system is provided, which comprises a drying room and a tobacco container;

a baking chamber and a heating chamber are arranged in the drying room;

an inlet and an outlet are formed in one side of the baking chamber, guide rail parts distributed along the length direction of the baking chamber are arranged in the baking chamber, one end of each guide rail part is connected with the inlet and the outlet, and a plurality of tobacco containers can be placed on the guide rail parts side by side along the distribution direction of the guide rail parts;

an air heating device is arranged in the heating chamber, and the air heating device is provided with an air inlet end and a hot air output end;

the tobacco container is in sliding fit with the guide rail part and is provided with a ventilation structure, so that an airflow channel with ventilation at the top end and the bottom end and closed peripheral side is formed in the tobacco container through the ventilation structure;

wherein, a plurality of tobacco that hold is equipped with the tobacco container is arranged in side by side when toasting on the guide rail part, the baking chamber constitutes the return air passageway in the top of a plurality of tobacco containers, and the baking chamber constitutes hot air duct in the below of tobacco container, return air passageway with air heating device's inlet end intercommunication, hot air duct and air heating device's steam output end intercommunication.

In a possible implementation mode, the tobacco container comprises a box-shaped frame, a first side net is arranged on the back side of the box-shaped frame, second side nets are arranged on the top and the bottom of the box-shaped frame respectively, side plates are arranged on the left side and the right side of the box-shaped frame respectively, a box door frame is connected to the front side of the box-shaped frame, a door baffle plate matched with the box door frame is arranged on the box door frame, and the first side net and the second side net form the ventilation structure.

In a possible implementation manner, the box door frame comprises two door frames symmetrically connected to the front side of the box door frame, the door baffle comprises two baffle plates matched with the door frames, and each baffle plate is fixedly connected to one door frame.

In a possible implementation, the tobacco container further comprises at least one tobacco securing member, each tobacco securing member having a plurality of insertion ends;

the door baffle is equipped with the first jack of multirow respectively along its direction of height, two door frame corresponds every row respectively the multirow second jack has been seted up to first jack, every first jack and second jack all with the end phase-match is inserted to tobacco mounting to make a plurality of inserting of tobacco mounting insert the tobacco container internal fixation tobacco.

In a possible implementation manner, the guide rail component comprises two slide rails which are respectively arranged at two sides of the baking chamber through slide rail mounting racks, and the two slide rails are positioned between the two slide rail mounting racks; each tobacco container is provided with a moving wheel and two sliding rails in sliding fit through the bottom.

In a possible implementation manner, one end of each of the two slide rail mounting racks, which is adjacent to the inlet and the outlet, is detachably provided with a first side sealing part, so that the first side sealing part and the side wall of the baking chamber enclose to form the hot air channel;

the first side sealing component comprises a sliding rail front baffle, a mounting plate, a lower sealing plate, an upper sealing plate and an upper pressure plate; two be equipped with baffle before the slide rail between the slide rail mounting bracket, the top of two slide rail mounting brackets is fixed with the mounting panel respectively, can dismantle the lower shrouding that is connected with L shape structure between two mounting panels, and lower shrouding is spacing with the mounting panel between two slide rail mounting brackets, can dismantle on the lower shrouding to be connected with the shrouding, can dismantle on the last shrouding to be connected with the top board.

In a possible implementation manner, the inner side of each slide rail mounting rack is provided with a second side sealing part along the length direction of the slide rail mounting rack;

the second side sealing component comprises a side sealing plate, a rubber sealing strip and a sealing strip pressing plate; the side sealing plate is fixed on the inner side of the slide rail mounting rack, and two ends of the side sealing plate are fixed between the mounting plate and the slide rail mounting piece; and one side of the side sealing plate, which is adjacent to the tobacco container, is fixed with a rubber sealing strip through a sealing strip pressing plate.

In a possible implementation manner, the drying room is divided into the baking chamber and the heating chamber by a partition board; the top end of the partition board is provided with a return air inlet, the return air inlet is communicated with the return air channel, the bottom end of the partition board is provided with a hot air outlet, and the hot air outlet is communicated with the hot air channel.

In a possible implementation, the top height of the baking chamber is greater than the top height of the tobacco container on the guide rail part, and the air return channel is formed between the tobacco container and the top of the baking chamber.

On the other hand, a tobacco drying method is also provided, based on any one of the above technical solutions, the tobacco drying method includes the following steps:

step S1: tobacco leaves are boxed, the tobacco leaves are filled in a tobacco container, and tobacco fixing pieces are inserted into the tobacco container to fix the tobacco.

Step S2: loading into a drying room, and placing a plurality of filled tobacco containers into a baking chamber of the drying room, wherein the tobacco containers are arranged side by side;

step S3: first stage drying for 1-3 days, wherein the initial heating rate is not more than 1 ℃/h, the temperature is slowly raised for 6-10 hours by small fire, the temperature of the dry pellets is raised to 37-39 ℃, the temperature is stabilized within the range of 36-40 ℃ by medium and large fire, the temperature of the wet pellets is stabilized within the range of 35-37 ℃, and the drying is continued until all the blades become golden yellow; meanwhile, moisture is discharged through the moisture discharging window, so that the tobacco leaves are prevented from being blackened;

step S4: second stage drying, drying for 1-2 days at a heating rate of not more than 1 ℃/h, slowly heating for 10-12 hours, heating the dry-bulb temperature to 47-49 ℃, stabilizing the temperature within 46-50 ℃ by intense fire, stabilizing the temperature within 37-39 ℃ by wet-bulb temperature, and increasing the temperature difference between the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature until all the tobacco ribs have no cyan; meanwhile, a large amount of moisture is discharged through the moisture discharging window, so that the tobacco leaves are prevented from being blackened;

step S5: drying in the third stage for 1-2 days at a temperature rise speed of not more than 1 ℃/h for 8-10 hours, raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 53-55 ℃, stabilizing the temperature of the dry pellets in the range of 52-54 ℃, stabilizing the temperature of the wet pellets in the range of 40-42 ℃, and keeping a larger temperature difference between the dry pellets and the wet pellets until all leaves are changed into orange; simultaneously, discharging moisture through the moisture discharging window;

step S6: and a fourth stage of drying, wherein the drying is carried out for 1-2 days, the temperature rising speed is not more than 1.5 ℃/h, the temperature rising is carried out for 10-12 hours by using a sharp fire, the temperature of the dry pellets is raised to 67-69 ℃, the temperature of the wet pellets is stabilized within the range of 66-70 ℃ by using a small fire, the temperature of the wet pellets is stabilized within the range of 43-45 ℃ until all tobacco ribs turn yellow, and the drying is finished by stopping the fire.

Step S7: cooling and moisture regaining, after drying, cooling to 49-51 ℃ along with the drying chamber, stopping air and moisture regaining for a period of time, and taking the tobacco leaves out of the drying chamber after the tobacco ribs are easily broken by hands and the hand-rubbed tobacco leaves are easily broken.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

when the drying system is used for baking, airflow circulation convenient for drying can be formed, hot air can enter from the bottom of the tobacco container and can act on tobacco in the tobacco container after passing through the interior of the tobacco container, then the hot air enters the air return channel and flows back to the heating chamber to serve as an air source of the air heating device, accordingly, circular baking can be achieved, the baking effect is better, the tobacco in the tobacco container is baked more uniformly, and the problem of entrainment can be avoided.

Moreover, the tobacco container adopts a three-surface closed and three-surface air-permeable structure, when a plurality of containers are baked in a tobacco curing room or a drying room side by side, the tobacco container can form a structure with four circumferential surfaces all closed, namely, a longitudinal heat flow channel is formed in each container, so that the hot air in the tobacco curing room or the drying room can longitudinally pass through the heat flow channel of the container, and the tobacco only needs to be uniformly and flatly laid in the container, and the tobacco container does not need to be stacked intentionally, so that the tobacco container has a better tobacco curing effect under the condition that the tobacco container does not need to be stacked orderly.

In addition, the first side sealing part and the second side sealing part can seal hot air in the hot air channel, reduce the loss of hot air, improve the drying heat conduction efficiency, furthest ensure the heat loss of circulating hot air in the baking chamber, reduce the temperature difference between the upper layer and the lower layer in the hot air channel and the return air channel of the baking chamber, reduce the waste of heat energy and effectively shorten the baking time.

By adopting the drying system and four-stage baking, the drying method can obtain the tobacco with better color and better tobacco quality.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a drying room of a tobacco drying system according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a tobacco drying system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure during baking;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an air flow diagram of a tobacco drying system during baking according to an embodiment of the present application

Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a tobacco container of a tobacco drying system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure of a tobacco container of a tobacco drying system according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a tobacco fixing member of a tobacco drying system according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged, fragmentary view of a tobacco drying system in accordance with an embodiment of the present application, illustrating the configuration of a first side seal member and a second side seal member;

fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a second viewing angle of a drying room of a tobacco drying system according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 9 is a tobacco drying curve chart of a tobacco drying method according to an embodiment of the present application.

In the figure: 1-drying room; 11-a baking chamber; 12-a heating chamber; 121-air heating means; 122-a vent; 13-a moisture-removing window; 14-return air inlet; 15-hot air outlet; 2-a placement member; 21-a slide rail; 22-a first side seal member; 221-slide rail front baffle; 222-a lower closure plate; 223-upper sealing plate; 224-an upper platen; 225-a mounting plate; 23-a second side seal member; 231-side sealing plates; 232-sealing strip pressing plate; 233-rubber sealing strip; 3-tobacco containers; 31-a moving wheel; 32-a second side web; 33-a box-type frame; 34-a first side web; 35-a door frame; 36-a door stop; 37-a tobacco fixing element; 4-return air channel; 5-hot air channel; 6-a separator.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.

Referring to fig. 1-5, an embodiment of the present application provides a tobacco drying system, which includes a drying room 1 and a tobacco container 3; a plurality of tobacco containers 3 can be arranged in the drying room 1, and the tobacco containers 3 are used for filling tobacco so that the tobacco can be baked in the drying room 1 by being filled in the tobacco containers 3;

a baking chamber 11 and a heating chamber 12 are arranged in the drying room 1; the baking chamber 11 is used for baking tobacco, and the heating chamber 12 is used for generating hot air flow which can enter the baking chamber 11 and bake the tobacco;

an inlet and an outlet are arranged on one side of the baking chamber 11, and guide rail parts distributed along the length direction of the baking chamber 11 are arranged in the baking chamber, one end of each guide rail part is connected with the inlet and the outlet, and a plurality of tobacco containers 3 can be placed on the guide rail parts side by side along the distribution direction of the guide rail parts; the tobacco containers 3 can be placed on the rail members through the entrance and exit of the oven chamber 11 and can be slid into the plurality of tobacco containers 3 through the rail members so that the tobacco containers 3 can be placed side by side;

an air heating device 121 is arranged in the heating chamber 12, and the air heating device 121 is provided with an air inlet end and a hot air outlet end; the air heating device 121 is used for heating air and outputting hot air flow into the baking chamber 11; the air heating device 121 may be an air heater, a drying chamber, or a heat pump;

the tobacco container 3 is in sliding fit with the guide rail part and is provided with a ventilation structure, so that an airflow channel with ventilation at the top end and the bottom end and closed peripheral side is formed in the tobacco container 3 through the ventilation structure; the tobacco container 3 can enable the inside to be convenient for the hot air flow to longitudinally pass through the arranged ventilation structure, so that the hot air flow can contact the hot air flow to be baked, the baking effect can be improved, and the problem of half-cooked tobacco is avoided; it should be noted that the tobacco container 3 can be used for tobacco transfer and transportation in addition to baking;

wherein, a plurality of holding is equipped with the tobacco container 3 and arranges side by side when toasting on the guide rail part, toast room 11 and constitute return air passageway 4 in a plurality of tobacco container 3's top, toast room 11 and constitute hot air duct 5 in tobacco container 3's below, return air passageway 4 with air heating device 121's inlet end intercommunication, hot air duct 5 and air heating device's steam output end intercommunication.

Through the technical scheme, when a plurality of tobacco containers 3 filled with tobacco are baked in the baking chamber 11 side by side, each tobacco container 3 can form an air flow channel therein through the ventilation structure, and the air flow channel is communicated with the air return channels 4 and the hot air channels 5 at the upper part and the lower part, so that air heated by the air heating device 121 in the heating chamber 12 can enter the hot air channels 5 and enter the interior of each tobacco container 3 from the hot air channels 5, hot air can pass through tobacco leaves in the tobacco containers 3 and then enter the air return channels 4 to flow back to the heating chamber 12 to serve as an air source of the air heating device 121, thereby realizing circular baking, having better baking effect and more uniform baking of the tobacco in the tobacco containers 3; moreover, the manual work can be greatly reduced, the cost is reduced, and the method can be suitable for a tobacco processing production line to realize mechanical processing production.

Referring to fig. 4 and 5, in the embodiment of the present invention, the tobacco container 3 includes a box-shaped frame 33, a first side net 34 is disposed on a back side of the box-shaped frame 33, a second side net 32 is disposed on a top and a bottom of the box-shaped frame 33, side plates are disposed on left and right sides of the box-shaped frame 33, a door frame 35 is connected to a front side of the box-shaped frame 33, a door stop plate 36 is disposed on the door frame 35, and the first side net 34 and the second side net 32 form the ventilation structure.

The side plates and the door baffles 36 on the left side and the right side of the box-type frame 33 can play a role in blocking air flow, and a longitudinal air flow channel can be conveniently formed by matching the first side net 34 and the second side net 32; because the dorsal part at box frame 33 does not set up the backplate, when a plurality of tobacco container 3 of being convenient for were dried in the drying chamber side by side like this, the heat that adjacent tobacco container 3 front side kept off the flow board and can be sealed the dorsal part of preceding tobacco container 3, and then the ventilative fore-and-aft air current passageway in both ends about constituting, when the hot gas flow was by the supreme flow down, can make the tobacco in the container can the thermally equivalent, can effectively avoid the tobacco to dry inhomogeneous and the problem that the entrainment appears, better receiving of heat effect has.

In a specific embodiment, the door frame 35 includes two door frames symmetrically connected to the front side thereof, and the door stop 36 includes two stop plates matched with the door frames, and each stop plate is fixedly connected to one door frame. The door frame 35 is formed of two door frames, which can be opened, and the door stoppers 36 are respectively configured as one stopper corresponding to each door frame, which can facilitate opening and closing of the door frames.

To facilitate the fixing of the tobacco in the tobacco container 3, please refer to fig. 6 in conjunction with the projection 4, in the embodiment of the present application, the tobacco container 3 further includes at least one tobacco fixing member 37, and each tobacco fixing member 37 has a plurality of insertion ends; the door baffle 36 is provided with a plurality of rows of first jacks along the height direction thereof, the two door frames correspond to each row of the first jacks and are provided with a plurality of rows of second jacks, and each first jack and each second jack are matched with the insertion end of the tobacco fixing piece, so that the plurality of insertion ends of the tobacco fixing piece 37 are inserted into the tobacco container 3 to fix tobacco. By arranging the plurality of rows of first insertion holes on the door baffle plate 36, the tobacco in the container can be conveniently fixed in a layered mode through the plurality of tobacco fixing pieces 37, so that the tobacco is more stable in the baking process, and the baking effect is improved; and through set up multirow second jack on the door frame, can make the tobacco mounting bear the weight of force with the door frame, such structure is more reasonable.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in the embodiment of the present application, the rail assembly includes two rails 21 respectively mounted on two sides of the baking chamber 11 through rail mounts, and the two rails 21 are located between the two rail mounts; each tobacco container is in sliding fit with the two slide rails 21 through the moving wheels 31 arranged at the bottom. Two sliding rails 21 are arranged in the baking chamber 11 through the sliding rail mounting rack, the two sliding rails 21 are opposite and parallel and are positioned at the inner sides of the two sliding rail mounting racks, and the tobacco containers 3 can be placed in the baking chamber 11 in a sliding manner one by one through the sliding fit with the sliding rails 21, and the tobacco containers 3 can be placed side by side.

In order to better form the hot air channel 5 with good sealing effect, please refer to fig. 1 and 7, in the embodiment of the present application, one end of the two slide rail mounting brackets adjacent to the inlet and outlet is detachably provided with a first side sealing member 22, so that the first side sealing member 22 and the side wall of the baking chamber 11 enclose to form the hot air channel 5; thus, the first side sealing component 22 can perform side sealing with good sealing effect on one end of the slide rail 21 close to the inlet and the outlet during baking, and the sealing component and the side wall of the baking chamber 11 enclose the hot air channel 5 with better sealing effect; meanwhile, the first side sealing part 22 is detachable, so that the tobacco container 3 can be conveniently moved into and out of the baking chamber 11.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, the first side sealing component 22 includes a slide rail front baffle 221, a mounting plate 225, a lower sealing plate 222, an upper sealing plate 223 and an upper pressure plate 224; two baffle 221 before being equipped with the slide rail between the slide rail mounting bracket, the top of two slide rail mounting brackets is fixed with mounting panel 225 respectively, can dismantle the lower shrouding 222 that is connected with L shape structure between two mounting panels 225, and lower shrouding 222 is spacing mounting panel 225 between two slide rail mounting brackets, can dismantle on the shrouding 222 to be connected with last shrouding 223 down, can dismantle on the last shrouding 223 to be connected with top board 224. Through the sealing structure, the slide rail front baffle 221 can seal one side of the slide rail 21 adjacent to the inlet and the outlet, and can also be fixed by the lower closing plate 222, and the upper closing plate 223 and the upper pressing plate 224 can also realize the sealing between the slide rail front baffle and the nearest tobacco container 3, so that a hot air channel 5 is formed better, the sealing effect is improved, and the disassembly of each part is convenient; in another embodiment, the upper closing plate 223 may be configured to be laterally movable, so that when there is a gap between the upper closing plate 223 and the nearest tobacco container 3, the gap can be blocked by moving the upper closing plate 223.

In order to further form the hot air channel 5 with good sealing effect, please refer to fig. 1 and 7, in the embodiment of the present application, the inner side of each slide rail mounting bracket is provided with a second side sealing part 23 along the length direction thereof; the second side sealing member 23 includes a side sealing plate 231, a rubber sealing strip 233, and a sealing strip pressing plate 232; the side sealing plate 231 is fixed on the inner side of the slide rail mounting rack, and two ends of the side sealing plate 231 are fixed between the mounting plate 225 and the slide rail mounting rack; a rubber seal 233 is fixed to a side of the side sealing plate 231 adjacent to the tobacco container by a seal pressing plate 232. Thus, the side sealing plate 231 can seal and shield the inner side of the slide rail mounting rack, and the rubber sealing strip 233 thereon can seal and shield the gap between the tobacco container 3 and the side sealing plate 231, so that the side of the hot air channel 5 can be sealed.

Referring to fig. 2, in the embodiment of the present application, the drying room 1 is divided into the baking chamber 11 and the heating chamber 12 by a partition 6; the top end of the partition board 6 is provided with a return air inlet 14, the return air inlet 14 is communicated with the return air channel 4, the bottom end of the partition board 6 is provided with a hot air outlet 15, and the hot air outlet 15 is communicated with the hot air channel 5. Due to the structural arrangement, the internal layout of the tobacco drying room 11 is more reasonable, and the circulation of air flow is more convenient.

In the embodiment of the present application, the top height of the baking chamber 11 is greater than the top height of the tobacco container 3 on the rail member, and the air return channel 4 is formed between the tobacco container 3 and the top of the baking chamber 11. By making the top of the baking chamber 11 higher than the top of the tobacco container 3, the construction of the return air duct 4 is facilitated.

In other embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, a moisture exhausting window 13 is disposed on a side of the baking chamber 11 away from the heating chamber 12, and a ventilation opening 122 is disposed on a side of the heating chamber 12 away from the baking chamber 11. The moisture discharge window 13 is provided to facilitate the discharge of moisture from the return air duct 4, and the ventilation opening 122 is provided to facilitate the introduction of sufficient air into the heating chamber 12.

In order to facilitate the circulation of the air in the heating chamber 12, as shown in fig. 2, a baffle plate may be disposed in the heating chamber 12, and a ventilation pipe may be disposed on the baffle plate, and the air heating device 121 is disposed below the baffle plate, so that the suction airflow of the air heating device 121 and the generated heating airflow are separated from each other, thereby achieving a better heating effect.

Referring to fig. 9, an embodiment of the present application further provides a tobacco drying method, and based on the tobacco drying system in any one of the foregoing embodiments or embodiments, the tobacco drying method includes the following steps:

step S1: tobacco leaves are boxed, the tobacco leaves are filled in the tobacco container 3, and tobacco fixing pieces are inserted into the tobacco container 3 to fix the tobacco. In the step, the filled tobacco leaves are picked green tobacco leaves, are horizontally filled during filling, do not need to be arranged and are uniformly and orderly placed, and only need to be approximately uniformly paved in the tobacco container 3, wherein the specification of each box is 700 plus 750kg per box; after filling, the tobacco filled in the container in a fixed amount is fixed by the tobacco fixing member 37.

Step S2: loading into a drying room 1, placing a plurality of tobacco containers 3 loaded into a baking chamber 11 of the drying room 1, and enabling the tobacco containers 3 to be close to each other side by side. The back sides of tobacco containers 3 filled with green tobacco leaves are abutted against the rear wall of the drying chamber, and then the tobacco containers are sequentially abutted into the drying chamber 1, and 10 tobacco containers 3 can be loaded in each coordinate quasi-drying chamber.

Step S3: the first stage of drying for 2 days, wherein the initial heating rate is not more than 1 ℃/h, the temperature is slowly raised for 6-10 hours by small fire to prevent the tobacco leaves from being baked green too fast, the temperature of a dry ball is raised to 38 ℃, the temperature is stabilized within the range of 36-40 ℃ by medium and large fire, the temperature of a wet ball is stabilized within the range of 35-37 ℃, and the drying is continued until all leaves become golden yellow; meanwhile, moisture is discharged through the moisture discharging window 13, so that the tobacco leaves are prevented from being blackened; the water content of the green tobacco in the stage is reduced from about 85 percent to about 60 percent.

Step S4: second stage drying, drying for 1-2 days at a temperature rise speed of not more than 1 ℃/h, slowly raising the temperature for 10-12 hours to prevent the tobacco ribs from being roasted green too fast, raising the temperature of the dry balls to 48 ℃, stabilizing the temperature of the dry balls within the range of 46-50 ℃ by intense fire, stabilizing the temperature of the wet balls within the range of 37-39 ℃, and increasing the temperature difference between the dry balls and the wet balls until all the tobacco ribs have no cyan; meanwhile, a large amount of tobacco leaves are discharged through the moisture discharging window 13, so that the tobacco leaves are prevented from being blackened; the water content of the green tobacco is reduced from about 60 percent to about 28 percent in the stage.

Step S5: drying in the third stage for 1-2 days at a temperature rise speed of not more than 1 ℃/h for 8-10 hours to prevent tobacco stems from being roasted green when the temperature rises too fast, raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 54 ℃ and stabilizing the temperature within the range of 52-54 ℃, stabilizing the temperature of the wet pellets within the range of 40-42 ℃, keeping a large temperature difference between the dry pellets and the wet pellets, and continuing until all leaves become orange; at the same time, moisture is discharged through the moisture discharge window 13; the water content of the green tobacco is reduced from about 28 percent to about 21 percent in the stage.

Step S6: and a fourth stage of drying, wherein the drying is carried out for 1-2 days, the temperature rising speed is not more than 1.5 ℃/h, the temperature rising is carried out for 10-12 hours by using a sharp fire, the temperature of the dry pellets is raised to 67-69 ℃, the temperature of the wet pellets is stabilized within the range of 66-70 ℃ by using a small fire, the temperature of the wet pellets is stabilized within the range of 43-45 ℃ until all tobacco ribs turn yellow, and the drying is finished by stopping the fire. The water content of the green tobacco at the stage is reduced from about 28 percent to about 21 percent.

Step S7: cooling and moisture regaining, after drying, cooling to 49-51 ℃ along with the drying chamber, stopping air and moisture regaining for a period of time, and taking the tobacco leaves out of the drying chamber after the tobacco ribs are easily broken by hands and the hand-rubbed tobacco leaves are easily broken.

In the embodiment of the application, in the whole drying process, besides a group of dry and wet ball sensors are respectively arranged in the front and the back according to the normal drying requirement, a plurality of temperature monitoring points are respectively arranged at the front section, the middle section and the back section of the baking chamber 11, so that the uniform distribution condition of the drying temperature of the method is observed, and the temperature difference of each position is 2-3 ℃, so that the temperature difference is relatively uniform.

Moreover, the tobacco drying system can keep the temperature difference between the inside of the air return channel 4 and the inside of the hot air channel 5 below 20 ℃ and the temperature difference between the inside of the tobacco layer of the tobacco container 3 below 5 ℃, so that the yellowing and the green and the black of the tobacco leaves are easier to master, the leaf structure becomes loose, the color and the luster of the redried tobacco leaves are deep and orange, and the appearance quality is obviously improved.

In a specific embodiment, the air heating device 121 employs a high-power circulating fan, and since the tobacco leaves are stacked in bulk in the tobacco box in disorder, the wind resistance between the tobacco leaves is larger than that of "hanging rod drying" during baking, and the wind speed is smaller than that of "hanging rod drying", so that the requirement of the invention on the power, wind volume and wind pressure of the No. 7 circulating fan of the ordinary bulk curing barn required by the file of "national tobacco institute of technology [2009] 418" is not satisfied, so that the high-power circulating fan is used to ensure sufficient wind pressure and component to keep constant-temperature drying and heat supply in the tobacco layer to satisfy the normal flow of hot air in the tobacco layer and ensure the homogenization of the redried tobacco leaves.

Meanwhile, the embodiment of the application realizes the isolation of the return air channel 4 and the hot air channel 5, reduces the leakage through sealing, forms an obvious hot air low-temperature area and a hot air high-temperature area, avoids the existence of a dry-wet area of the traditional 'hanging rod drying', plays a key role in ensuring the homogenization of the flue-cured tobacco, and obviously improves the comprehensive thermal efficiency of the hot air and obviously reduces the heat loss due to the adoption of the independent return air channel 4 and the sealed hot air channel 5, thereby lightening the working load of the air heating device 121 and saving the energy.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A tobacco drying system is characterized in that: comprises a drying room (1) and a tobacco container (3);

a baking chamber (11) and a heating chamber (12) are arranged in the drying room (1);

an inlet and an outlet are arranged on one side of the baking chamber (11), guide rail parts distributed along the length direction of the baking chamber (11) are arranged in the baking chamber, one end of each guide rail part is connected with the inlet and the outlet, and a plurality of tobacco containers (3) can be placed on the guide rail parts side by side along the distribution direction of the guide rail parts;

an air heating device (121) is arranged in the heating chamber (12), and the air heating device (121) is provided with an air inlet end and a hot air output end;

the tobacco container (3) is in sliding fit with the guide rail part and is provided with a ventilation structure, so that an airflow channel with ventilation at the top end and the bottom end and closed peripheral side is formed in the tobacco container (3) through the ventilation structure;

wherein, a plurality of holding is equipped with the tobacco container (3) are arranged side by side when toasting on the guide rail part, toast room (11) and constitute return air passageway (4) in the top of a plurality of tobacco container (3), toast room (11) and constitute hot-blast passageway (5) in the below of tobacco container (3), return air passageway (4) with the inlet end intercommunication of air heating device (121), hot-blast passageway (5) and air heating device's steam output end intercommunication.

2. The tobacco drying system of claim 1, wherein: tobacco container (3) include a box frame (33), and the dorsal part of box frame (33) is equipped with first side net (34), and the top and the bottom of box frame (33) are equipped with second side net (32) respectively, and the left and right sides of box frame (33) is equipped with the curb plate respectively, and the front side of box frame (33) is connected with chamber door frame (35), is equipped with assorted door baffle (36) on chamber door frame (35), and first side net (34) and second side net (32) constitute ventilative structure.

3. The tobacco drying system of claim 2, wherein: the door frame (35) comprises two door frames symmetrically connected to the front side of the door frame, the door baffle (36) comprises two baffle plates matched with the door frames, and each baffle plate is fixedly connected to one door frame.

4. The tobacco drying system of claim 2, wherein: the tobacco container (3) further comprises at least one tobacco securing member (37), each tobacco securing member (37) having a plurality of insertion ends;

the door baffle (36) is equipped with the first jack of multirow respectively along its direction of height, two the door frame corresponds every row respectively the multirow second jack has been seted up to first jack, every first jack and second jack all with the end phase-match is inserted in tobacco fixing piece (37) to make a plurality of inserting ends of tobacco fixing piece (37) insert tobacco container (3) internal fixation tobacco.

5. A tobacco drying system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the guide rail component comprises two slide rails (21) which are respectively arranged on two sides of the baking chamber (11) through slide rail mounting frames, and the two slide rails (21) are positioned between the two slide rail mounting frames; each tobacco container is in sliding fit with the two sliding rails (21) through a moving wheel (31) arranged at the bottom.

6. The tobacco drying system of claim 5, wherein: one ends of the two slide rail mounting racks, which are adjacent to the inlet and the outlet, are detachably provided with first side sealing parts (22), so that the first side sealing parts (22) and the side wall of the baking chamber (11) are enclosed to form the hot air channel (5);

the first side sealing component (22) comprises a sliding rail front baffle (221), a mounting plate (225), a lower sealing plate (222), an upper sealing plate (223) and an upper pressure plate (224); two baffle (221) before being equipped with the slide rail between the slide rail mounting bracket, the top of two slide rail mounting brackets is fixed with mounting panel (225) respectively, can dismantle lower shrouding (222) that is connected with L shape structure between two mounting panels (225), and lower shrouding (222) is spacing between two slide rail mounting brackets mounting panel (225), can dismantle on shrouding (222) down and be connected with shrouding (223), can dismantle on shrouding (223) and be connected with top board (224).

7. The tobacco drying system of claim 6, wherein: a second side sealing part (23) is arranged on the inner side of each slide rail mounting rack along the length direction of the slide rail mounting rack;

the second side sealing component (23) comprises a side sealing plate (231), a rubber sealing strip (233) and a sealing strip pressing plate (232); the side sealing plate (231) is fixed on the inner side of the slide rail mounting rack, and two ends of the side sealing plate (231) are fixed between the mounting plate (225) and the slide rail mounting piece; one side of the side sealing plate (231) adjacent to the tobacco container is fixed with a rubber sealing strip (233) through a sealing strip pressing plate (232).

8. The tobacco drying system of claim 1, wherein: the drying room (1) is divided into a baking chamber (11) and a heating chamber (12) by a partition plate (6); the top end of the partition board (6) is provided with a return air inlet (14), the return air inlet (14) is communicated with the return air channel (4), the bottom end of the partition board (6) is provided with a hot air outlet (15), and the hot air outlet (15) is communicated with the hot air channel (5).

9. The tobacco drying system of claim 1, wherein: the top height of the baking chamber (11) is greater than that of the tobacco container (3) on the guide rail component, and the air return channel (4) is formed between the tobacco container (3) and the top of the baking chamber (11).

10. A method for drying tobacco, based on the tobacco drying system of any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: the tobacco drying method comprises the following steps:

step S1: tobacco leaf boxing, namely, filling the tobacco leaves into a tobacco container, and inserting a tobacco fixing piece into the tobacco container to fix the tobacco;

step S2: loading into a drying room, and placing a plurality of filled tobacco containers into a baking chamber of the drying room, wherein the tobacco containers are arranged side by side;

step S3: first stage drying for 1-3 days, wherein the initial heating rate is not more than 1 ℃/h, the temperature is slowly raised for 6-10 hours by small fire, the temperature of the dry pellets is raised to 37-39 ℃, the temperature is stabilized within the range of 36-40 ℃ by medium and large fire, the temperature of the wet pellets is stabilized within the range of 35-37 ℃, and the drying is continued until all the blades become golden yellow; meanwhile, moisture is discharged through the moisture discharging window, so that the tobacco leaves are prevented from being blackened;

step S4: second stage drying, drying for 1-2 days at a heating rate of not more than 1 ℃/h, slowly heating for 10-12 hours, heating the dry-bulb temperature to 47-49 ℃, stabilizing the temperature within 46-50 ℃ by intense fire, stabilizing the temperature within 37-39 ℃ by wet-bulb temperature, and increasing the temperature difference between the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature until all the tobacco ribs have no cyan; meanwhile, a large amount of moisture is discharged through the moisture discharging window, so that the tobacco leaves are prevented from being blackened;

step S5: drying in the third stage for 1-2 days at a temperature rise speed of not more than 1 ℃/h for 8-10 hours, raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 53-55 ℃, stabilizing the temperature of the dry pellets in the range of 52-54 ℃, stabilizing the temperature of the wet pellets in the range of 40-42 ℃, and keeping a larger temperature difference between the dry pellets and the wet pellets until all leaves are changed into orange; simultaneously, discharging moisture through the moisture discharging window;

step S6: the fourth stage of drying, drying for 1-2 days at the heating rate of not more than 1.5 ℃/h, heating for 10-12 hours by using a sharp fire, heating the dry pellets to 67-69 ℃, stabilizing the wet pellets within 66-70 ℃ by using a small fire, stabilizing the wet pellets within 43-45 ℃, continuing until all tobacco ribs turn yellow, and stopping the fire to finish drying;

step S7: cooling and moisture regaining, after drying, cooling to 49-51 ℃ along with the drying chamber, stopping air and moisture regaining for a period of time, and taking the tobacco leaves out of the drying chamber after the tobacco ribs are easily broken by hands and the hand-rubbed tobacco leaves are easily broken.

Images