CN113643680B - Multistage ring-cavity coupling model, acoustic subsurface material and reflective stealth structure - Google Patents
Multistage ring-cavity coupling model, acoustic subsurface material and reflective stealth structure Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/162—Selection of materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
- G10K11/26—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning
- G10K11/28—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning using reflection, e.g. parabolic reflectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/36—Devices for manipulating acoustic surface waves
Abstract
The invention provides a multistage ring-cavity coupling model, an acoustic super-surface material and a reflective stealth structure, which belong to the field of acoustic stealth materials and comprise a plurality of rings which are movably nested in sequence from inside to outside, wherein each ring is provided with a plurality of openings, and a cavity is arranged between two adjacent rings; the openings on two adjacent circular rings are arranged in a staggered way, and the opening on each circular ring is communicated with the cavities on two sides of the circular ring to form a multi-stage ring-cavity structure. The model is internally composed of a plurality of rings, and the rotation angles of the rings in the model can be combined in various ways to realize specific phase regulation and control, so that the model has higher flexibility for realizing the stealth function; the multistage ring-cavity coupling model not only has excellent stealth effect on the vertically incident detection wave, but also has a stealth function suitable for the detection wave incident in a large range of angles, and a wider application range is shown.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of acoustic stealth materials, and particularly relates to a multistage ring-cavity coupling model, an acoustic super-surface material and a reflective stealth structure.
Background
Stealth is a technique of shielding an object from disturbance of an external physical field. It has long been a fictional episode in science fiction movies. Because of the extremely important application value in the military field, such as stealth aircraft, submarines and the like, the technology is always the object of research by scientific researchers in various countries, and the current method for realizing stealth is mainly based on coordinate transformation. However, the material parameters required to achieve perfect stealth based on this approach are not uniformly distributed and are extremely anisotropic, which inevitably results in an excessively large volume, thus hampering the application of this technique. Along with the continuous development of acoustic metamaterials, researchers find that the adjustment and control of the phase of the detection wave by utilizing the metamaterials can also achieve a good stealth effect, and the thickness of the material designed by utilizing the method is far smaller than the working wavelength, so that the size problem of the stealth material is well solved.
In the middle of the 19 th century, helmholtz proposed a resonator for recognizing sound waves of a specific frequency in a complex sound field. The resonator is composed of a large cavity and two small holes, wherein the thinner holes are used as the incident holes of sound waves, the spherical large cavity is used as the resonant cavity, and the larger holes can enable human ears to be attached to the large cavity to be used as the emergent holes of the sound waves. When sound waves with specific frequencies are transmitted from the incident end, resonance is induced, and ears of people can be easily distinguished. From the above analysis, it can be seen that the helmholtz resonator can be regarded as an L-C resonant circuit, the large cavity is regarded as the acoustic volume C, the two openings can be regarded as the acoustic inductance L, and when the frequency meets the requirement, resonance can be generated, and the helmholtz resonator is a prototype of the design of the acoustic metamaterial. And embedding an open ring into the mold to obtain the primary ring mold. The existing primary ring model is mainly studied on the sound absorption performance at specific frequencies. However, because the model has less effect on the acoustic wave phase, it is difficult to achieve the desired stealth function. How to design a multi-stage ring model to realize an efficient acoustic stealth function is a problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a multistage ring-cavity coupling model.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a multistage ring-cavity coupling model comprises a plurality of rings which are movably nested in sequence from inside to outside, wherein each ring is provided with a plurality of openings, and a cavity is arranged between two adjacent rings;
the openings on two adjacent circular rings are arranged in a staggered mode, and the opening on each circular ring is communicated with the cavities on two sides of the circular ring to form a multi-stage ring-cavity structure.
Preferably, the device further comprises a shell, wherein a containing cavity matched with the multistage ring-cavity structure is formed in the middle of the shell, the multistage ring-cavity structure is arranged in the containing cavity, and the shell is provided with an inlet hole communicated with the containing cavity and the outside.
Preferably, the housing is square in configuration.
Preferably, the opening width of the inlet hole is a 0 The width of the opening of the nth ring is a n The rotation angle of the nth ring is theta n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When change a 0 、a n 、θ n When any one parameter or any two parameters are changed simultaneously, the whole model generates resonance at different positions, and meanwhile, incident waves with certain frequency generate different phases of reflected waves under the condition of entering from the incident hole.
Preferably, 4 openings are uniformly formed in each circular ring.
Preferably, the number of the circular rings is 6, the side length of the shell is 60mm, the opening width of the inlet hole and the width of each circular ring are 2mm, and the radius of the 6 layers of circular rings from outside to inside is 33mm, 29mm, 25mm, 21mm, 17mm and 14mm respectively.
Preferably, the shell and the circular ring are made of copper material with Young's modulus of 110×10 9 Pa, poisson's ratio of 0.35, density of 8960kg/m 3 。
It is another object of the present invention to provide an acoustic subsurface material in which a plurality of the multi-stage ring-cavity coupling models are periodically tiled together to form a set of the acoustic subsurface materials.
Preferably, the opening width or rotation angle of the ring of the multi-stage ring-cavity coupling model is different.
The invention also aims at providing a reflective stealth structure, wherein a plurality of groups of acoustic super-surface materials are distributed to form the reflective stealth structure, and objects needing stealth are placed below the reflective stealth structure.
The multistage ring-cavity coupling model, the acoustic super-surface material and the reflective stealth structure provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
(1) The model is internally composed of a plurality of rings, and the rotation angles of the rings in the model can be combined in various ways to realize specific phase regulation and control, so that the model has higher flexibility for realizing the stealth function;
(2) The multistage ring-cavity coupling model not only has excellent stealth effect on the vertically incident detection wave, but also has a stealth function suitable for the detection wave incident in a large range of angles, and a wider application range is shown.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention and the design thereof, the drawings required for the embodiments will be briefly described below. The drawings in the following description are only some of the embodiments of the present invention and other drawings may be made by those skilled in the art without the exercise of inventive faculty.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single loop acoustic transmission line model structure;
FIG. 2-1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multistage ring-cavity coupling model according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2-2 is an acoustic transmission line model of a multi-stage ring-cavity coupling model of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between reflection phase and frequency for different configuration parameters in a multi-stage ring-cavity coupling model;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the phase difference of the unit structure at 1875Hz as a function of the respective rotation angles;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of selection of cell structures and construction of acoustic supersurfaces;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an acoustic subsurface versus reflected acoustic wave propagation direction adjustable control structure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a bevel reflection;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a design for implementing slope stealth by a phase compensation method;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a carpet concealing design;
FIG. 10 is a diagram of the stealth effect of a carpet type stealth cloak.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand the technical scheme of the present invention and can implement the same. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the technical solutions of the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, and will not be described in detail herein.
Example 1
Firstly, this embodiment designs a simple resonant cavity, as shown in fig. 1, 4 openings are formed around an annular structure, the middle large cavity can be regarded as a sound volume, four small openings around can be regarded as four sound sensations connected to the sound volume, and incident waves with specific frequencies can be made to resonate in the structure. There is a phase difference between the vibration phase of the air in the cavity and the incident wave, and when resonance occurs, the vibration of the air in the cavity may significantly affect the phase of the reflected wave, possibly in phase or in anti-phase with the incident wave. There is also a high probability that a negative mass density will be observed at the time of measurement. At the resonance frequency, different reflected wave phases can be obtained by rotation.
On the basis, the embodiment discloses a multistage ring-cavity coupling model, particularly as shown in fig. 2, fig. 2-1 is a schematic diagram of the model, the model comprises a plurality of rings which are movably nested in sequence from inside to outside, each ring is provided with a plurality of openings, and a cavity is arranged between two adjacent rings; the openings on two adjacent circular rings are arranged in a staggered way, and the opening on each circular ring is communicated with the cavities on two sides of the circular ring to form a multi-stage ring-cavity structure.
Further, in order to ensure that incident waves enter from one direction, the embodiment further increases a shell on the basis of the structure, a containing cavity matched with a multistage ring-cavity structure is formed in the middle of the shell, the multistage ring-cavity structure is arranged in the containing cavity, and an entrance hole communicated with the containing cavity and the outside is formed in the shell. That is, the opening of the outermost ring communicates with the entrance aperture.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the outer shell has a square structure, and 4 openings are uniformly formed in each ring.
Further, in this embodiment, 6 layers of rings are provided, the side length of the housing is 60mm, the opening width of the inlet hole and the width of each ring are 2mm, and the radii of the 6 layers of rings from outside to inside are 33mm mm, 29mm, 25mm, 21mm, 17mm and 14mm, respectively.
In this embodiment, the housing and the ring are made of copper material with Young's modulus of 110X10 9 Pa, poisson's ratio of 0.35, density of 8960kg/m 3 。
As shown in the figure2-1, the width of the opening of each ring and the width of the ring are parameters which are independently changed. The advantage of this construction is that it not only resonates for sound waves, but also has a number of parameters which can be varied independently, such as the entrance aperture opening width a 0 Opening width a of nth opening ring n Angle θ of rotation of nth split ring n Etc. When change a 0 、a n 、θ n Any one parameter or any two parameters can be changed simultaneously to enable the whole model to generate resonance at different positions, and reflected waves can generate different phases under incident waves with a certain frequency, so that great convenience is brought to subsequent design. Fig. 2-2 shows an acoustic transmission line model corresponding to the multi-stage ring-cavity coupling model, and the model can be described by using equivalent circuit theory, each opening can be regarded as an acoustic sense, the propagation channel can be regarded as acoustic resistance, the middle cavity can be regarded as acoustic capacity, and the model is composed of a plurality of acoustic senses, acoustic resistance and acoustic capacity.
The invention utilizes COMSOL simulation to research that the frequency is in the range of 1800-2000Hz, and when the rotation angle of each circular ring changes, the phase of the corresponding reflected wave is shown in figure 3. Different symbols represent structural units with different configurations, rg represents different serial numbers of the rings from outside to inside, ag represents the rotation angle of the corresponding ring, and the maximum rotation angle is only 45 degrees. It can be observed from the graph that at other frequency bins, the phase varies approximately linearly with frequency; in this frequency band, the phase of the reflected wave changes greatly, and the position of each structure change is different, and this change is called phase mutation. The occurrence of phase mutations indicates that in this region, different cell structures all resonate at the respective resonant frequencies.
Figure 4 shows the corresponding reflected phase difference values when all the rings are rotated individually at 1875 Hz. The phase change can take any value within 0-2 pi. The line segments of different shapes and symbols represent 1-6 rings (rg 1) and rg6, respectively, and when designing the super-surface, if different phase change values are required, the diagram can be compared to find the cell structure of corresponding configuration.
Example 2
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment also provides an acoustic super-surface material, and a plurality of multi-stage ring-cavity coupling models are periodically tiled to form a group of acoustic super-surface materials.
Specifically, the opening widths or rotation angles of the circular rings of different multi-stage ring-cavity coupling models are different.
In this embodiment, a section of relatively uniform region is selected in fig. 4, and 8 unit structures (i.e., a multi-stage ring-cavity coupling model) are selected to form a cycle at pi/4 intervals. The unit structures are periodically tiled to form the acoustic super-surface material. The super-surface material meets the requirements of the generalized Snell's law on the gradient of the phase change, so that the super-surface material can observe abnormal reflection and negative reflection phenomena of the generalized Snell's law. When the unit structure is selected, the same phase is changed, and a plurality of unit structure configurations can be corresponding to the same phase, so that a plurality of choices are provided for the invention, and the unit structure which is as accurate as possible and is close to the unit structure requiring the phase change is selected. For example pi/4, about 0.7854, the present invention can select the cell structure rg5ag8.2 that provides the closest approach to this number, with a phase change of 0.7839. Since this unit structure is very flexible, the present invention can achieve individual unit structures very close to the requirements. The eight cell structures selected are coded with the corresponding structures, the squares in fig. 5 (a) show the desired ideal phases, the pentagonal stars represent the actual phases that can be taken, and it can be seen that the two almost completely coincide. The invention places the super surface at a distance of 2360X 5160mm 2 The simulation is performed in the solution domain of (a) and the constructed acoustic subsurface material is shown in fig. 5 (b). And perfect matching layers are arranged on the four walls of the waveguide, so that the influence of multiple reflections of the wave in the waveguide on experimental results is avoided. The space above the super surface is filled with background sound pressure field to simulate plane incident wave, and scattered sound pressure field in the solving domain is observed. The invention can change the direction of the incident wave to obtain the spatial distribution condition of the reflected wave under different incident conditions.
Fig. 6 shows the reflection of an incident wave by such a subsurface at three angles of incidence. The angles in brackets below represent the true incident reflection angle, i.e. the angle with the normal; the angle outside the bracket is the angle with the straight line x=0, and the marking of the angle is favorable for uniformly marking all directions. Fig. 6 (a) shows the case of normal incidence (0 °), if no super surface is present, the sound wave is reflected vertically, but under the control of the super surface, the reflected wave exits in a direction of about 68 ° (22 °), which is comparable to 67.60 ° (22.4 °) predicted by snell's law. Fig. 6 (b) shows the reflection of a wave at an incident angle of 120 ° (-30 °), with a reflection angle of about 28 ° (62 °), the generalized snell's law predicts a reflection angle of 28.23 ° (61.77 °). Fig. 6 (c) shows a negative refraction phenomenon, with an angle of reflection of 78 ° (12 °) at an angle of incidence of 80 ° (10 °), both appearing on the same side of the normal.
Example 3
When an acoustic wave is incident on an object on a flat ground, since the object itself has a certain protrusion with respect to the flat ground, it is assumed that the scattering behavior of the incident wave is completely different from that of the background ground, and thus the object will be detected by the detector. Based on the same inventive concept, on the basis of the research of the acoustic super-surface materials, the embodiment also discloses a reflective stealth structure, wherein a plurality of groups of acoustic super-surface materials are arranged to form the reflective stealth structure, and an object needing stealth is placed below the reflective stealth structure to realize carpet stealth.
Specifically, the embodiment provides a reflective acoustic cloak, which is characterized in that unit structures meeting the conditions are found in the model, the unit structures are arranged to form a required super-surface material, the super-surface material is arranged on the surface of an object, a required phase difference is provided to adjust the phase of reflected waves on the surface of the cloak, so that the reflected waves are still plane waves, and the carpet type cloak is realized.
The stealth structure will be described with reference to a simple inclined plane below which an object to be stealth can be placed. Fig. 7 shows a schematic view of the reflection of a slope, where a parallel incident wave impinges on the slope, A, B, C, at different locations on the slope. According to the Huygen principle, each point on the spherical wave surface is a sub-wave source of a secondary spherical wave, the wave speed and frequency of the sub-wave are equal to those of the primary wave, and the envelope of the sub-wave surface at each moment is the wave surface of the total wave at the moment, and the wave state of any place in the medium is determined by the wave at all places. A. The three points B, C are respectively used as a wave source to radiate outwards, at the same time, the distance of wave propagation from the point A is the farthest, the radius of spherical wave is the largest, the point B is the next smallest, and the wave surface envelopes at the same time are connected, namely the wave surface at the moment, and the direction perpendicular to the wave surface, which is the direction of the wave source, is the reflection direction. It can be seen that the three sub-wave sources differ in the time of arrival of the incident wave at the three points, and therefore the time of emission of the secondary wave by the three sub-wave sources differ in terms of propagation equations, i.e. the point closer to the wave source is phase advanced by a value related to the distance from the wave source or to the height at which it is located, by another point.
If the invention adds a unit structure capable of generating phase delay at two points A, B, the magnitude of the phase delay can compensate the height difference between the three points, so that the phase delay can be expressed as if the phase delay is generated by a horizontal plane (as shown in fig. 8), and thus, the carpet type stealth effect can be achieved.
The specific requirement of the phase difference is that, taking A, B two points as an example, assuming that the height difference Δy=d between A, B two points, the phase difference generated between A, B should satisfy:
the unit structure designed by the invention can meet the requirement of compensating phase difference. The invention can take the frequency f=1875 Hz, the wavelength lambda=c/f= 0.1829m, and then the average 8 primitives are orderly arranged into a period, and the phase difference between every two primitives is pi/4. The width of each cell was 60mm. Substituting the formula to calculate, the height difference between the units is 11.43mm, and the inclination angle of the inclined plane is θ=10.79°.
The present invention turns the bevel mirror image along the short right angle side to form an isosceles triangle area as shown in fig. 9. The area below can be used to place objects to be hidden, and two periodic cell structures are placed on each side of the upper surface of the area. The whole mould is placed at a distance of 2360X 5200mm 2 The simulation is carried out in the solving domain, a perfect matching layer is still arranged on the four walls of the solving domain, a background sound pressure field is arranged above the super surface, and the reflected sound wave is described by scattering the sound pressure field.
Fig. 10 illustrates the stealth effect of the stealth cloak. Fig. 10 (a) shows the reflected sound field distribution on a flat ground, showing the reflection of sound waves without any obstructions in the space, where the space wave field is shown as a uniform plane wave. Fig. 10 (b) shows the reflection of the obstacle in a triangle, showing the distribution of the reflected waves without the cloak. It can be seen that the sound waves are scattered sideways by the triangular obstacles, with hardly any reflection in the vertical direction. Fig. 10 (c) is a stealth effect of the stealth cloak, showing the return of reflected waves by the original way when the stealth cloak is present. Under far field conditions, a uniform plane wave form can be presented as the incident wave. Thus, the acoustic subsurface achieves a very good carpet-type stealth effect.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any simple changes or equivalent substitutions of technical solutions that can be obviously obtained by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed in the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The acoustic super-surface material based on the multi-stage ring-cavity coupling model is characterized in that the multi-stage ring-cavity coupling model comprises a plurality of rings which are movably nested in sequence from inside to outside, each ring is provided with a plurality of openings, and a cavity is arranged between two adjacent rings;
the openings on two adjacent circular rings are staggered, and the opening on each circular ring is communicated with the cavities on two sides of the circular ring to form a multi-stage ring-cavity structure;
the multistage ring-cavity coupling model further comprises a shell, a containing cavity matched with the multistage ring-cavity structure is formed in the middle of the shell, the multistage ring-cavity structure is arranged in the containing cavity, and an inlet hole communicated with the containing cavity and the outside is formed in the shell;
the opening width of the inlet hole is a 0 The width of the opening of the nth ring is a n The rotation angle of the nth ring is theta n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When change a 0 、a n 、θ n When any one parameter or any two parameters are changed at the same time, the whole model generates resonance at different positions, and meanwhile, incident waves with certain frequency generate different phases of reflected waves under the condition of entering from the incident hole;
and periodically tiling a plurality of the multi-stage ring-cavity coupling models to form a group of the acoustic super-surface materials.
2. The acoustic subsurface material according to claim 1, wherein the housing is a square structure.
3. The acoustic subsurface material according to claim 1, wherein 4 openings are uniformly provided in each of the rings.
4. An acoustic metamaterial according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the rings are 6 layers in total, the side length of the housing is 60mm, the opening width of the inlet hole and the width of each ring are 2mm, and the radius of the 6 layers of rings from outside to inside is 33mm, 29mm, 25mm, 21mm, 17mm, 14mm respectively.
5. The acoustic subsurface material according to claim 1, wherein the housing and ring are copper materials with a young's modulus of 110 x 10 9 Pa, poisson's ratio of 0.35, density of 8960kg/m 3 。
6. The acoustic metasurface material of claim 1, wherein the opening width or rotation angle of the circular ring is different for different multi-stage ring-cavity coupling models.
7. A reflective stealth structure based on the acoustic subsurface material of claim 6, wherein a plurality of groups of the acoustic subsurface material are arranged to form the reflective stealth structure, and an object to be stealth is placed below the reflective stealth structure.
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| Title |
|---|
| 太赫兹波段超材料的制作、设计及应用;潘学聪;姚泽瀚;徐新龙;汪力;;中国光学(03);全文 * |
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| CN113643680A (en) | 2021-11-12 |
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