CN113642204B - Method for correcting combustion starting point identification deviation based on combustion excitation contribution degree - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for correcting combustion starting point identification deviation based on combustion excitation contribution degree, and belongs to the technical field of internal combustion engines. The method specifically comprises the following steps: determining a main excitation source in the vibration acceleration signal, extracting a combustion excitation response signal from the vibration acceleration signal by using a main component analysis method, calculating the contribution level of the combustion excitation response signal under different working conditions and the corresponding combustion starting point phase deviation, and establishing a phase deviation correction curve so as to realize correction of the combustion starting point phase deviation. The method can improve the identification accuracy of the combustion characteristic parameters under all working conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of internal combustion engines, and particularly relates to a method for correcting combustion starting point identification deviation based on combustion excitation contribution degree.
Background
The vibration signal of the internal combustion engine contains a large amount of information related to combustion and is widely used for extracting the combustion excitation response signal. But the vibration signal also contains non-combustion excitation sources such as piston reversing impact force, piston side pressure, reciprocating inertia force and the like, and the non-combustion excitation sources and the combustion excitation sources are mutually coupled in time domain and frequency domain, so that the difficulty in extracting combustion information is increased. And the high-frequency harmonic components in the in-cylinder pressure signal are different under different working conditions, so that the phase between the vibration signal and the excitation signal is changed, and a phase lag angle exists between the phase combustion characteristic parameter identified from the vibration signal and the characteristic point calculated based on the in-cylinder pressure signal.
In the prior art, the relation between a cylinder cover surface vibration acceleration signal and a cylinder internal pressure second derivative is simulated and analyzed in the text of the vibration acceleration identification HCCI engine combustion starting point. The results show that the cylinder head surface vibration acceleration signal and the second derivative of the in-cylinder pressure have approximate change rules before the in-cylinder peak pressure occurs. Aiming at the condition that the combustion starting point identified by the vibration acceleration signal lags behind the combustion starting point represented by the pressure second derivative, the lag angle is regarded as the system lag, and the combustion starting point phase identification precision is improved. The phase combustion characteristic parameter identification precision under partial working conditions can be improved by correcting the lag angle through systematic deviation, but the physical meaning is lacked, and the phase lag angles of different working conditions are different.
Chinese patent (CN 108875581 a) discloses a method for describing the phase lag angle between the vibration velocity signal and the in-cylinder pressure signal using characteristic parameters in the surface vibration velocity signal of an internal combustion engine. The method comprises the steps of firstly removing high-frequency interference signals and low-frequency interference signals in vibration speed signals by utilizing a low-pass filter and wavelet decomposition technology, then finding out characteristic parameters representing description phase lag from the reconstructed vibration speed signals, substituting the parameters into corresponding formulas, and therefore describing lag angles between the vibration speed signals and excitation signals. However, the method is characterized in that the characteristic parameters in the vibration speed signal are used for representing the characteristic parameters in the cylinder pressure signal to describe the hysteresis angle, the hysteresis angle is easily influenced by the reconstruction error of the vibration speed signal, and the whole description process is complex.
Chinese patent (CN 111964913 a) discloses a contribution calculation method, which uses a partial coherence function to solve the ratio of the frequency spectrum amplitude of a vibration velocity signal when main excitation is applied to the vibration velocity signal amplitude when all excitation is applied, and uses the partial coherence function to calculate the contribution of the excitation signal to the vibration signal at a specific frequency. The contribution degree of the invention is the ratio of the characteristic value of each main component to the sum of all characteristic values after the vibration signal of the cylinder cover surface is separated by the main component analysis (Principle Component Analysis, PCA) method under a certain working condition, the calculation process is simpler and more convenient, and the calculation adaptability is higher relative to the specific frequency contribution degree. Meanwhile, the calculation of contribution degree pointed out in Chinese patent (CN 111964913A) is the basis for researching and eliminating interference in vibration signals, and is helpful for repairing partial combustion information in the vibration signals; the contribution degree calculation is used for correcting the phase deviation of the combustion starting point, and is beneficial to improving the identification accuracy of the combustion characteristic parameters under all working conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for correcting combustion starting point identification deviation based on combustion excitation contribution degree, which is based on vibration signal characteristic analysis, extracts a combustion excitation response signal from a vibration signal by using a principal component analysis method and calculates the contribution degree of the combustion excitation response signal, establishes a phase deviation correction curve according to the change rule between the combustion starting point phase deviation and the contribution level under different working conditions, and further realizes correction of a combustion starting point lag angle.
The present invention achieves the above technical object by the following means.
A method for correcting combustion initiation point identification bias based on combustion excitation contribution, comprising the steps of:
s1, determining a main excitation source in a vibration acceleration signal;
s2, extracting a combustion excitation response signal from the vibration acceleration signal by using a principal component analysis method;
s3, calculating the contribution level of combustion excitation response signals under different working conditions and the corresponding combustion starting point phase deviation, and establishing a phase deviation correction curve so as to realize correction of the combustion starting point phase deviation.
In the above technical solution, the determining the main excitation source in the vibration acceleration signal specifically includes:
and establishing a finite element model of the two-cylinder diesel engine, simulating vibration characteristics under the independent action of different excitation sources, and comparing the maximum amplitude of vibration acceleration under the independent action of each excitation source.
In the technical scheme, the excitation source comprises in-cylinder pressure, piston reversing impact force, piston side pressure and reciprocating inertia force.
In the above technical solution, the S2 specifically is: selecting vibration acceleration signals recorded by a plurality of position points above a cylinder cover of a two-cylinder diesel engine to form a data set for principal component analysis, calculating a covariance matrix of the standardized data set, a characteristic value and a characteristic vector of the covariance matrix, multiplying the original data set by the characteristic vector to obtain a regression curve of each principal component after separation; and determining a combustion excitation response signal according to the change rule that the principal component regression curve and the in-cylinder pressure second derivative curve have similarity.
In the above technical solution, the contribution level of the combustion excitation response signal is: the ratio of the eigenvalue corresponding to the eigenvector representing the combustion excitation response signal to the sum of all eigenvalues is the contribution level of the combustion excitation response signal.
In the above technical solution, the phase deviation of the combustion starting point is: the first zero crossing point before the peak of the combustion excitation response signal corresponds to a crank angle A PCA The crank angle corresponding to the first zero crossing point before the peak value of the second derivative curve of the in-cylinder pressure under the corresponding working condition is A ICP The phase deviation of the combustion start point is A deviation ＝A PCA -A ICP 。
In the above technical solution, the phase deviation correction curve is: and according to the change rule between the combustion excitation response signal contribution level and the corresponding combustion start point deviation under different working conditions, establishing a third-order polynomial fitting curve.
In the above technical solution, the correction of the combustion start point phase deviation is: vibration acceleration signals of different position points are measured on line, a sample set is formed, then principal component analysis processing is carried out, a combustion excitation response signal is extracted, and a corresponding combustion start point phase deviation A is calculated deviation And contribution level C ICP Will contribute to level C ICP Carrying out the phase deviation correction curve to find the corresponding correction angle A correct The corrected combustion start point phase deviation is A corrected ＝A deviation -A correct 。
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the method, the combustion excitation response signal is extracted from the vibration acceleration signal, the combustion starting point is extracted based on the combustion excitation response signal, the contribution level of the extracted combustion excitation response signal and the corresponding combustion starting point phase deviation under different working conditions are calculated, the phase deviation correction curve is established based on the change rule between the contribution level of the combustion excitation response signal and the corresponding combustion starting point phase deviation, and further correction of the combustion starting point phase deviation is achieved, and the identification accuracy of combustion characteristic parameters under all working conditions is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 (a) is a diagram of a two-cylinder diesel engine simulation model according to the present invention;
FIG. 1 (b) is a schematic diagram of the vibration acceleration signal output position point of the two-cylinder diesel engine;
FIG. 2 (a) is a graph of in-cylinder pressure vibration acceleration according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 (b) is a diagram of the vibratory acceleration of the piston reversing impact force of the present invention;
FIG. 2 (c) is a diagram of the piston side pressure vibration acceleration according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 (d) is a graph of the reciprocating inertial force vibration acceleration of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the combustion stimulus response signal extracted in accordance with the present invention with the in-cylinder pressure second derivative curve;
FIG. 4 (a) is a statistical graph of contribution degree when the torque is 40 N.m and the rotational speeds are 800rpm, 1200rpm, 1650rpm, 2200rpm, respectively;
FIG. 4 (b) is a statistical graph of contribution degree when the rotation speed is 1650rpm and the torque is 0 N.m, 25 N.m, 50 N.m, 100 N.m, respectively;
FIG. 5 is a graph of a third order polynomial fit of the combustion initiation point phase deviation as a function of contribution level in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the comparison of the combustion initiation point before and after correction of the phase deviation in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method for correcting combustion initiation point identification bias based on combustion excitation contribution.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 7, a method for correcting a combustion start point identification deviation based on a combustion excitation contribution degree specifically includes the following steps:
step one: determining a main excitation source in the vibration acceleration signal;
the method for determining the main excitation source comprises the following steps: establishing a finite element model of the two-cylinder diesel engine, simulating vibration characteristics under the independent action of different excitation sources, and comparing the maximum amplitude of vibration acceleration under the independent action of each excitation source;
as shown in fig. 1 (a), in order to determine the vibration characteristics generated under the independent action of each main excitation source, the invention establishes a two-cylinder diesel engine finite element model taking an engine body and a cylinder cover as main bodies in Abaqus, adopts a 10-node tetrahedron grid, and simultaneously establishes 4 rigid-shaped brackets without deformation, wherein each node on the brackets is constrained, and the freedom degree of the brackets in each direction is limited. Fig. 1 (b) shows the vibration acceleration signal output position above the cylinder head, wherein A1-A7 represent vibration acceleration signal output position points at different positions.
As shown in fig. 2 (a), (b), (c) and (d), the rotational speed is 1650rpm, and the vibration acceleration pattern is generated above the cylinder head by four excitation sources, i.e., the in-cylinder pressure, the piston reversing impact force, the piston side pressure and the reciprocating inertial force, when the torque is 40n·m. In order to reduce the influence of the excitation of adjacent cylinders, vibration acceleration signals in the range of 90 degrees CA before and after the combustion top dead center of one cylinder are intercepted, the maximum vibration acceleration amplitudes of the piston impact force, the piston side pressure and the reciprocating inertia force in the interval are respectively 20.7 percent, 4.1 percent and 5.2 percent of the vibration acceleration amplitude of the cylinder pressure, the influence of the piston reversing impact force is not negligible, the energy of the reciprocating inertia force can rise sharply along with the increase of the rotating speed, and further analysis is also needed, so that in the subsequent analysis, the four excitation are applied.
Step two: extracting a combustion excitation response signal from the vibration acceleration signal by using a principal component analysis method;
vibration acceleration signals (the number of the position points is larger than that of the excitation sources) recorded by a plurality of position points (A1-A7) above the cylinder cover are selected to form a data set of PCA (Principle Component Analysis, principal component analysis), the data set is subjected to standardization processing, a covariance matrix of the standardized data set and characteristic values and characteristic vectors of the covariance matrix are calculated, and the original data set is multiplied by the characteristic vectors to obtain separated principal component regression curves.
As shown in FIG. 3, the principal component regression curve has a similar law of variation to the in-cylinder pressure second derivative curve, and it can be determined that the component is caused by in-cylinder pressure excitation. In terms of phase, the principal component regression curve is slightly delayed from the cylinder pressure second derivative curve, which is due to the phase change between the vibration acceleration signal and the excitation signal caused by the difference of high-frequency harmonic components in the in-cylinder pressure signal under different working conditions, so that after principal component analysis is performed by using the vibration acceleration signal, a certain delay exists in each principal component regression curve.
Step three: calculating the contribution level of the combustion excitation response signals extracted in the second step and the corresponding combustion starting point phase deviation under different working conditions, and establishing a phase deviation correction curve so as to realize correction of the combustion starting point phase deviation.
The contribution level of the combustion excitation response signal refers to the weight of the combustion excitation response signal in the vibration acceleration signal; the combustion start point phase deviation refers to the difference between a combustion excitation response signal curve extracted by a PCA method and a crank angle corresponding to a first zero crossing point before a peak value of a corresponding in-cylinder pressure second derivative curve; the phase deviation correction curve refers to a third-order polynomial fitting curve between the contribution level of combustion excitation response signals and the phase deviation of the corresponding combustion starting point under a plurality of groups of working conditions.
The PCA method can synchronously calculate the contribution degree of each main component in the process of separating the vibration acceleration signals. As shown in fig. 4, the contribution statistics of the combustion stimulus response signals are displayed. Fig. 4 (a) shows the principal component contribution degrees of the combustion excitation response signals at 40n·m, 800rpm, 1200rpm, 1650rpm, and 2200rpm, and fig. 4 (b) shows the principal component contribution degrees of the combustion excitation response signals at 1650rpm, 0n·m, 25n·m, 50n·m, and 100n·m. As can be seen from the graph, the level of contribution of the combustion excitation response signal in the vibration acceleration signal gradually decreases with increasing rotational speed, and slightly increases with increasing torque. This is because an increase in rotational speed results in an increase in the intensity of the non-combustion excitation applied to the finite element model of the two-cylinder diesel engine, thereby reducing the signal-to-noise ratio of the in-cylinder pressure signal; at the rated rotational speed, the increase in torque increases the injection quantity, thereby increasing the energy of the in-cylinder pressure. The lag angle of the phase characteristic parameter can also be changed along with the change of working conditions, and a correction curve of the phase deviation can be established according to the change rule between the lag angle of the phase characteristic parameter and the contribution level of the combustion excitation response signal.
The specific method for establishing the phase deviation correction curve is as follows:
firstly, calculating the phase deviation of a combustion starting point; according to the crank angle A corresponding to the first zero crossing point before the peak value of the combustion excitation response signal extracted in the step two PCA The crank angle corresponding to the first zero crossing point before the peak value of the second derivative curve of the in-cylinder pressure under the corresponding working condition is A ICP The phase deviation of the combustion start point is A deviation ＝A PCA -A ICP 。
Secondly, calculating the contribution level of the combustion excitation response signal; measuring vibration acceleration signals of different position points from the surface of a cylinder cover, forming an n-dimensional sample set X, and obtaining n characteristic vectors U representing the original sample set when the sample set X is processed by PCA i Corresponding characteristic value lambda i (i=1, 2, …, n); sample set X and feature vector U i The regression curve X of each separated main component can be obtained by multiplication R ＝X·U i The waveform and the phase of each regression curve are similar to the second derivative curve of the in-cylinder pressure, namely the combustion excitation response signal; characteristic value lambda of regression curve corresponding to combustion excitation response signal ICP Sum lambda of all characteristic values SUM The ratio of (2), i.e. the contribution level C of the combustion excitation response signal in the vibration acceleration signal ICP ＝λ ICP /λ SUM 。
Finally, a third-order polynomial fitting curve is established according to the change rule between the contribution level of the combustion excitation response signal and the deviation of the corresponding combustion starting point under different working conditions; four torque working conditions of 20 N.m, 40 N.m, 60 N.m and 80 N.m are selected under four rotating speeds of 800r/min, 1200r/min, 1650r/min and 2200r/min, 16 groups of coordinates are formed by the contribution level of combustion excitation response signals calculated under the working conditions and the phase deviation of a combustion starting point as reference points of a fitting curve, so that a third-order polynomial fitting curve is established, and the fitting curve can be seen from a graph to effectively embody the change rule of the phase deviation along with the contribution level.
The correction method of the combustion starting point phase deviation comprises the following steps: vibration acceleration signals of different position points are measured on line, the vibration acceleration signals are formed into a sample set and then PCA processing is carried out, combustion excitation response signals are extracted, and combustion starting point phase deviation A of the combustion excitation response signals is calculated deviation And contribution level C ICP Will contribute to level C ICP Carrying out the phase deviation correction curve (namely a third-order polynomial fitting curve) to find a corresponding correction angle A correct The corrected combustion start point phase deviation is A corrected ＝A deviation -A correct 。
As shown in fig. 6, a comparison of the combustion start point phase deviation before and after correction is performed; as can be seen from the graph, after the combustion starting point phase deviation of each working condition is corrected by a third-order polynomial fitting curve, the deviation value is obviously reduced, and the maximum value of the corrected deviation angle is 0.44 degrees CA, so that the method can be proved to be capable of effectively correcting the combustion starting point phase deviation.
The examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any obvious modifications, substitutions or variations that can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for correcting combustion initiation point identification deviation based on combustion excitation contribution, comprising the steps of:
s1, determining a main excitation source in a vibration acceleration signal;
the main excitation source in the determined vibration acceleration signal is specifically:
establishing a finite element model of the two-cylinder diesel engine, simulating vibration characteristics under the independent action of different excitation sources, and comparing the maximum amplitude of vibration acceleration under the independent action of each excitation source;
s2, extracting a combustion excitation response signal from the vibration acceleration signal by using a principal component analysis method;
selecting vibration acceleration signals recorded by a plurality of position points above a cylinder cover of a two-cylinder diesel engine to form a data set for principal component analysis, calculating a covariance matrix of the standardized data set, a characteristic value and a characteristic vector of the covariance matrix, multiplying the original data set by the characteristic vector to obtain a regression curve of each principal component after separation; determining a combustion excitation response signal according to a change rule that the principal component regression curve and the in-cylinder pressure second derivative curve have similarity;
s3, calculating the contribution level of combustion excitation response signals under different working conditions and the corresponding combustion starting point phase deviation, and establishing a phase deviation correction curve so as to realize correction of the combustion starting point phase deviation.
2. The method for correcting combustion initiation point identification bias based on combustion excitation contribution of claim 1, wherein said excitation source comprises in-cylinder pressure, piston-reversing impact force, piston side pressure, and reciprocating inertial force.
3. The method for correcting combustion initiation point identification deviation based on combustion excitation contribution degree according to claim 1, wherein the contribution level of the combustion excitation response signal is: the ratio of the eigenvalue corresponding to the eigenvector representing the combustion excitation response signal to the sum of all eigenvalues is the contribution level of the combustion excitation response signal.
4. The method for correcting a combustion initiation point identification deviation based on combustion excitation contribution degree according to claim 3, wherein the phase deviation of the combustion initiation point is: the first zero crossing point before the peak of the combustion excitation response signal corresponds to a crank angle A PCA The crank angle corresponding to the first zero crossing point before the peak value of the second derivative curve of the in-cylinder pressure under the corresponding working condition is A ICP The phase deviation of the combustion start point is A deviation ＝A PCA -A ICP 。
5. The method for correcting combustion initiation point identification deviation based on combustion excitation contribution degree according to claim 4, wherein the phase deviation correction curve is: and according to the change rule between the combustion excitation response signal contribution level and the corresponding combustion start point deviation under different working conditions, establishing a third-order polynomial fitting curve.
6. The method for correcting combustion initiation point identification deviation based on combustion excitation contribution degree according to claim 5, wherein the correction of combustion initiation point phase deviation is: vibration acceleration signals of different position points are measured on line, a sample set is formed, then principal component analysis processing is carried out, a combustion excitation response signal is extracted, and a corresponding combustion start point phase deviation A is calculated deviation And contribution level C ICP Will contribute to level C ICP Carrying out the phase deviation correction curve to find the corresponding correction angle A correct The corrected combustion start point phase deviation is A corrected ＝A deviation -A correct 。
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