CN113640853B - Target structure for measuring thermal neutron fission ionization chamber with high fluence rate - Google Patents
Target structure for measuring thermal neutron fission ionization chamber with high fluence rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN113640853B CN113640853B CN202110805750.6A CN202110805750A CN113640853B CN 113640853 B CN113640853 B CN 113640853B CN 202110805750 A CN202110805750 A CN 202110805750A CN 113640853 B CN113640853 B CN 113640853B
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- target
- substrate
- efficiency
- target structure
- uranium
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- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000013076 target substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003574 free electron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005658 nuclear physics Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T3/00—Measuring neutron radiation
- G01T3/008—Measuring neutron radiation using an ionisation chamber filled with a gas, liquid or solid, e.g. frozen liquid, dielectric
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Particle Accelerators (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a target structure for measuring a high-fluence rate thermal neutron fission ionization chamber, which comprises a uranium target, a substrate and an efficiency adjusting mechanism, wherein the uranium target comprises a substrate and a target substance positioned in the middle of the substrate, and a through hole is formed in the center of the substrate; the substrate is provided with a first step and a second step in sequence along the radial direction far away from the through hole; the first step is used for placing the uranium target, and the second step is used for placing the efficiency adjusting mechanism; the center of the efficiency adjusting mechanism is provided with a middle hole, and the efficiency adjusting mechanisms with different middle pore diameters can be exchanged according to the requirement. According to the invention, the effective radius of uranium target materials can be reduced through the efficiency adjusting mechanism, and the efficiency of the fission ionization chamber is further reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear fission measurement, in particular to a target structure for measuring a thermal neutron fission ionization chamber with high fluence rate.
Background
Neutron-induced U-235 fission can enable fission fragments to obtain kinetic energy of 168MeV or more, meanwhile, the interaction between heavy charged particles in the fission fragments and target substances is strong, and when the energy of the heavy charged particles is high, the blocking power of the nuclear outside electrons of the target substances to the heavy charged particles is expressed as a formula (1):
in the formula (1):
z-represents the charge number of the incident particle;
e-a base charge value;
N-the number of target atoms per unit volume;
Z-the number of nuclei of the target substance;
m 0 -free electron mass;
v—incident particle velocity;
I-represents the average excitation and ionization energy of atoms of the target substance;
beta-represents v/c;
C/Z-represents the shell correction term.
At lower energies of the heavy charged particles, the blocking power of the extra-nuclear electrons of the target substance on the heavy charged particles is expressed as formula (2):
in the formula (2):
a 0 -represents the bohr radius;
v 0 -denotes bohr speed.
Furthermore, the blocking power of the nuclei of the target substance against the charged particles can be expressed as formula (3):
in the formula (3):
m 2 -represents the nuclear mass of the target substance;
a-atomic radius of the target substance;
R 0 -the closest distance of the incident particle to the nucleus of the target substance.
See references [ methods of nuclear physics experiments, wu Zhihua, zhao Guoqing, liu Fu et al, for equations (1) (2) (3). Beijing: atomic energy publishing, 1997:296-299).
As is clear from the formulae (1), (2) and (3), the interaction between the heavy charged particles and the target substance is positive with respect to the charge of the heavy charged particles, and therefore, the energy deposited by the heavy charged particles in the ionized gas is much larger than the energy deposited by the particles emitted by decay of the target substance, both from the kinetic energy of the heavy charged particles and the interaction between the heavy charged particles and the target substance; for uranium targets, i.e., heavy charged particles deposit far more energy in the ionized gas than alpha particles (less than 4.8 MeV) emitted by U isotope decay, and more energy than other background species, the U-235 fission ionization chamber is therefore a very good neutron detector.
In the conventional uranium target, uranium substances are plated on a platinum substrate, as shown in fig. 2 of the accompanying drawings, the small circle part in fig. 2 is the uranium substances, and the large circle part is the platinum substrate.
Based on the neutron vs. U-235 fissile section characteristics, as shown in FIG. 1 of the drawings. In the low energy region, the neutron and U-235 fission section is larger, and in order to plate uranium substances in the central region of the substrate, a collimation hole is made of polytetrafluoroethylene in the center of the substrate in the process, the diameter of the collimation hole is generally more than 1cm for not influencing the electric field during electroplating, and meanwhile, the effective thickness of the electroplating target is generally more than 10 mug/cm 2. Therefore, when measuring high fluence (greater than 10 9cm-2s-1) with a U-235 fission ionization chamber, a higher count rate is likely to result, leading to "dead" detector conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention aims to design a target structure, reduce the efficiency of detecting thermal neutrons by a fission ionization chamber, reduce the counting rate of measuring thermal neutrons by the fission ionization chamber, and avoid the situation of 'blocking' of a detector.
The invention provides a target structure for measuring a high-fluence rate thermal neutron fission ionization chamber, which comprises a uranium target, a substrate and an efficiency adjusting mechanism, wherein the uranium target comprises a substrate and a target substance positioned in the middle of the substrate, and a through hole is formed in the center of the substrate;
the substrate is provided with a first step and a second step in sequence along the radial direction far away from the through hole;
The first step is used for placing the uranium target, and the second step is used for placing the efficiency adjusting mechanism;
The center of the efficiency adjusting mechanism is provided with a middle hole, and the efficiency adjusting mechanisms with different middle pore diameters can be exchanged according to the requirement.
Further, the thickness of the substrate is 0.7-0.9mm;
Preferably, the thickness of the substrate is 0.8mm.
Further, the radius of the through hole is 16-18mm;
Preferably, the radius of the through hole is 17mm.
Further, the height of the first step is 0.1-0.3mm;
Preferably, the height of the first step is 0.2mm.
Further, the radius of the uranium target is 17-19mm, and the thickness is 0.2-0.4mm;
preferably, the uranium target has a radius of 18mm and a thickness of 0.3mm.
Further, the height of the second step is 0.45-0.65mm;
Preferably, the height of the second step is 0.55mm.
Further, the radius of the efficiency adjusting mechanism is 18-20mm, and the thickness is 0.15-0.35mm;
preferably, the radius of the efficiency adjustment mechanism is 19mm and the thickness is 0.25mm.
Further, the material of the efficiency adjusting mechanism is oxygen-free copper.
Further, the target substance is enriched uranium, and the substrate is platinum.
Further, the material of the substrate is oxygen-free copper.
The effect of the invention is expressed as a multiple of the efficiency reduction, and the efficiency ratio of the U-235 fission ionization chamber can be expressed as the effective area ratio of the target substance exposed to the ionized gas. The radius of a collimation hole of a traditional uranium target is 12.5mm, and the radius of a central hole of an efficiency adjusting mechanism of the target structure is 2.5mm, so that the ratio of the efficiency of a fission ionization chamber of the traditional uranium target to the efficiency of the target structure is as follows: If the aperture size of the intermediate hole of the efficiency adjusting mechanism is further reduced, such as to be reduced to a radius of 0.5mm, the efficiency of the fission ionization chamber adopting the target structure of the invention is/>, of the traditional uranium target
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the effective radius of uranium target materials can be reduced through the efficiency adjusting mechanism, and the efficiency of the fission ionization chamber is further reduced.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the figures. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a graph of neutron vs. U-235 fissile section characteristics;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a uranium target of the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a substrate structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an efficiency adjustment mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the general structure of a target structure (a uranium-free target) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The labels in the figures are:
1. A substrate; 11. a through hole; 12. a first step; 13. a second step; 2. a uranium target; 21. a target substance; 22. a base liner; 3. an efficiency adjustment mechanism; 31. and a middle hole.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the azimuth or positional relationship indicated by the terms "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element in question must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the term "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and for example, it may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be connected inside two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings:
As shown in fig. 2-5 in particular, an embodiment of the present invention provides a target structure for a fission ionization chamber, including a uranium target 2, a substrate 1, and an efficiency adjustment mechanism 3, where the uranium target 2 includes a backing plate 22 and a target substance 21 located in the middle of the backing plate, and a through hole 11 is disposed in the center of the substrate 1;
the substrate is sequentially provided with a first step 12 and a second step 13 along the radial direction far away from the through hole;
the first step 12 is used for placing the uranium target 2, and the second step 13 is used for placing the efficiency adjustment mechanism 3;
the center of the efficiency adjusting mechanism 3 is provided with the middle hole 31, and the invention can provide a plurality of efficiency adjusting mechanisms with different middle pore diameters, and the efficiency adjusting mechanisms can be exchanged according to the requirement, so that the size of the middle hole 31 of the efficiency adjusting mechanism is adjusted.
The thickness of the substrate 1 is 0.7-0.9mm;
Preferably, the thickness of the substrate 1 is 0.8mm.
The radius of the through hole 11 is 16-18mm;
preferably, the radius of the through-hole 11 is 17mm.
The height of the first step 12 is 0.1-0.3mm;
Preferably, the height of the first step 12 is 0.2mm.
The radius of the uranium target 2 is 17-19mm, and the thickness is 0.2-0.4mm;
Preferably, the uranium target 2 has a radius of 18mm and a thickness of 0.3mm.
The height of the second step 13 is 0.45-0.65mm;
preferably, the height of the second step 13 is 0.55mm.
The radius of the efficiency adjusting mechanism 3 is 18-20mm, and the thickness is 0.15-0.35mm;
Preferably, the radius of the efficiency adjusting mechanism 3 is 19mm and the thickness is 0.25mm.
The material of the efficiency adjusting mechanism 3 is oxygen-free copper.
The material of the target substance 21 is uranium, and the material of the backing 22 is platinum.
The material of the substrate 1 is oxygen-free copper.
The effect of the invention is expressed as a multiple of the efficiency reduction, and the efficiency ratio of the U-235 fission ionization chamber can be expressed as the effective area ratio of the target substance exposed to the ionized gas. The radius of a collimation hole of a traditional uranium target is 12.5mm, and the radius of a central hole of an efficiency adjusting mechanism of the target structure is 2.5mm, so that the ratio of the efficiency of a fission ionization chamber of the traditional uranium target to the efficiency of the target structure is as follows: If the aperture size of the intermediate hole of the efficiency adjusting mechanism is further reduced, such as to be reduced to a radius of 0.5mm, the efficiency of the fission ionization chamber adopting the target structure of the invention is/>, of the traditional uranium target
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the effective radius of uranium target materials can be reduced through the efficiency adjusting mechanism, and the efficiency of the fission ionization chamber is further reduced.
Thus far, the technical solution of the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent modifications and substitutions for related technical features may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and substitutions will be within the scope of the present invention.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention; various modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A target structure for measuring a high fluence rate thermal neutron fission ionization chamber, the target structure comprising a uranium target, a substrate and an efficiency adjustment mechanism, wherein the uranium target comprises a substrate and a target substance positioned in the middle of the substrate, and a through hole is arranged in the center of the substrate;
the substrate is provided with a first step and a second step in sequence along the radial direction far away from the through hole;
The first step is used for placing the uranium target, and the second step is used for placing the efficiency adjusting mechanism;
The center of the efficiency adjusting mechanism is provided with a middle hole, the efficiency adjusting mechanisms with different middle pore diameters are exchanged according to the requirement, the effective radius of uranium target substances is reduced through the efficiency adjusting mechanisms, and the efficiency of the fission ionization chamber is reduced.
2. The target structure of claim 1, wherein the substrate has a thickness of 0.7-0.9mm.
3. The target structure of claim 1, wherein the radius of the through-holes is 16-18mm.
4. The target structure of claim 1, wherein the height of the first step is 0.1-0.3mm.
5. The target structure of claim 1, wherein the uranium target has a radius of 17-19mm and a thickness of 0.2-0.4mm.
6. The target structure of claim 1, wherein the height of the second step is 0.45-0.65mm.
7. The target structure of claim 1, wherein the efficiency adjustment mechanism has a radius of 18-20mm and a thickness of 0.15-0.35mm.
8. The target structure of claim 1 or 7, wherein the material of the efficiency adjustment mechanism is oxygen free copper.
9. The target structure of claim 1, wherein the material of the target substance is enriched uranium and the material of the backing is platinum.
10. The target structure of claim 1, wherein the material of the substrate is oxygen-free copper.
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| CN202110805750.6A CN113640853B (en) | 2021-07-16 | 2021-07-16 | Target structure for measuring thermal neutron fission ionization chamber with high fluence rate |
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| CN113640853B true CN113640853B (en) | 2024-05-10 |
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| CN113640853A (en) | 2021-11-12 |
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