CN113640497A - Building engineering water and soil loss monitoring content and method - Google Patents
Building engineering water and soil loss monitoring content and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113640497A CN113640497A CN202110925276.0A CN202110925276A CN113640497A CN 113640497 A CN113640497 A CN 113640497A CN 202110925276 A CN202110925276 A CN 202110925276A CN 113640497 A CN113640497 A CN 113640497A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013316 zoning Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a content and a method for monitoring water and soil loss of constructional engineering, which are used for determining that soil erosion in the constructional engineering is mainly hydraulic erosion, and a content for monitoring water and soil loss factors is mainly hydraulic erosion. According to the invention, through collecting relevant engineering data, the quantity and quality of prevention measures are kept by water and soil; stability, completeness and operation condition of protection engineering; slag blocking and water draining effects of various control measures; monitoring the survival rate and preservation rate, growth condition and coverage rate of forest and grass measures; calculating the damaged water and soil conservation facility area, the disturbed ground area, the water and soil loss prevention and control responsibility range, the engineering construction area, the direct influence area, the water and soil conservation measure prevention and control area, the greening area in the prevention and control responsibility range and the adopted plant measure area caused by engineering construction by monitoring data and combining related engineering data; and measuring and verifying the soil erosion prevention and control indexes determined in the water influence evaluation report.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of constructional engineering, in particular to constructional engineering water and soil loss monitoring content and a method.
Background
The building engineering is a part of construction engineering, and refers to an engineering entity formed by the construction of various house buildings and auxiliary facilities thereof and the installation activities of lines, pipelines and equipment matched with the house buildings, and comprises plants, theaters, hotels, shops, schools, hospitals, houses and the like, so that the requirements of people on production, living, learning, public activities and the like are met; the water and soil loss refers to the utilization of the soil by human beings, especially the unreasonable development and operation of water and soil resources, the covering of the soil is damaged, the bare soil is eroded by the water power, the loss amount is larger than the amount of the soil bred by the parent layer, the soil loss is caused by the surface soil loss and the core soil loss to the parent material loss, and finally the rock is exposed,
in the building engineering, the water and soil loss condition is easy to occur, the water and soil loss not only threatens the construction building, but also influences the service life of the building, and the fact that the water and soil loss in the construction site cannot be monitored in the existing building engineering is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a content and a method for monitoring water and soil loss of building engineering, and aims to solve the problems in the background art.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
a content and a method for monitoring water and soil loss of construction engineering comprise the following steps:
A. monitoring content:
(1) soil erosion factor monitoring
Determining that soil erosion in the building engineering is mainly hydraulic erosion, the main monitoring content of a water and soil loss factor is hydraulic erosion, and the hydraulic erosion influence factor mainly comprises rainfall, terrain and forest and grass vegetation;
(2) soil erosion hazard monitoring
Investigating and monitoring the influence of water and soil loss caused by engineering construction and water and soil loss on the engineering construction and the environmental safety of peripheral areas, wherein the key points comprise the water erosion degree, the damage condition of vegetation, the sand conveying amount of a ditch, the water body landfill and silting condition, the gravity erosion induction condition, the damage condition of the existing water and soil conservation engineering and the change condition of the landform;
B. and (3) monitoring program:
(1) before the construction of the building engineering, monitoring the soil loss area within the control responsibility range according to a water and soil conservation scheme;
(2) in the engineering construction process, monitoring the water and soil loss condition according to the monitoring subareas, monitoring points and facility layout conditions and the monitoring frequency, acquiring image data and recording;
C. the soil erosion condition monitoring method comprises the following steps:
(1) defining a water and soil conservation loss control area: the method comprises the following steps of dividing the construction area into a construction control area, a construction road control area, a dissimilar muck heap application control area, an earthwork excavation control area and a construction cofferdam control area;
(2) acquiring a remote sensing image of a target building project, carrying out image preprocessing on the remote sensing image, constructing a virtual building site model based on the remote sensing image after image preprocessing, and calculating the graph and the area of a monitoring area through computer software;
(3) the monitoring method of the hydraulic erosion influence factor comprises the following steps:
a. collecting annual rainfall, monthly rainfall, percentage contents of different soils and vegetation coverage indexes of an area to be evaluated, and calculating evaluation factor assignment;
the calculation formula of rainfall erosion force R is as follows:
wherein p represents annual rainfall, and the unit is mm; pc represents the rainfall in mm per month; c represents the rainfall month, lg (·) represents a logarithmic operation;
b. assigning values according to the evaluation factors, and calculating the water and soil loss sensitivity index of the area to be evaluated to finish the evaluation of the water and soil loss;
(4) soil loss calculation method
Collecting and sorting the monitoring data according to the analysis and investigation of each analogy, and calculating the soil loss mainly by using a soil loss calculation formula;
the soil erosion amount calculation formula is as follows:
Ms＝F×Ks×T
in the formula: ms-water erosion amount (t);
f-area of soil erosion (km)2)；
Ks-Hydraulic erosion modulus (t/km)2·a)；
T-erosion period (a).
Further, the soil erosion amount in the construction process in the step B is determined by the area of each erosion unit in each monitoring partition at the stage and the soil erosion intensity thereof, and the loss amount ∑ basic erosion unit area × erosion modulus × erosion time.
Further, in the step B, land cover classification is carried out according to the remote sensing image to obtain a plurality of land classes, the covered management factors of all the land classes are respectively estimated, and the covered management factors of all the land classes are integrated to obtain the covered management factors.
The invention provides a content and a method for monitoring water and soil loss of construction engineering, which can keep the quantity and quality of prevention measures by collecting relevant engineering data; stability, completeness and operation condition of protection engineering; slag blocking and water draining effects of various control measures; monitoring the survival rate and preservation rate, growth condition and coverage rate of forest and grass measures; calculating the damaged water and soil conservation facility area, the disturbed ground area, the water and soil loss prevention and control responsibility range, the engineering construction area, the direct influence area, the water and soil conservation measure prevention and control area, the greening area in the prevention and control responsibility range and the adopted plant measure area caused by engineering construction by monitoring data and combining related engineering data; and measuring and verifying the soil erosion prevention and control indexes determined in the water influence evaluation report.
Detailed Description
In the following, technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that:
a content and a method for monitoring water and soil loss of construction engineering comprise the following steps:
the water and soil conservation monitoring key points mainly comprise the water and soil conservation design implementation situation, the disturbed soil planting occupation situation, the water and soil conservation measure (including temporary protection measure) implementation situation, the water and soil conservation responsibility system implementation situation and the like;
A. monitoring content:
(1) soil erosion factor monitoring
Determining that soil erosion in the building engineering is mainly hydraulic erosion, the main monitoring content of a water and soil loss factor is hydraulic erosion, and the hydraulic erosion influence factor mainly comprises rainfall, terrain and forest and grass vegetation;
(2) soil erosion hazard monitoring
Investigating and monitoring the influence of water and soil loss caused by engineering construction and water and soil loss on the engineering construction and the environmental safety of peripheral areas, wherein the key points comprise the water erosion degree, the damage condition of vegetation, the sand conveying amount of a ditch, the water body landfill and silting condition, the gravity erosion induction condition, the damage condition of the existing water and soil conservation engineering and the change condition of landforms
TABLE 1 soil and water loss monitoring
TABLE 2 Water loss factor monitoring content
B. And (3) monitoring program:
(1) before the construction of the building engineering, monitoring the soil loss area within the control responsibility range according to a water and soil conservation scheme;
(2) in the engineering construction process, monitoring the water and soil loss condition according to the monitoring subareas, monitoring points and facility layout conditions and the monitoring frequency, acquiring image data and recording;
C. the soil erosion condition monitoring method comprises the following steps:
the monitoring of the water and soil loss condition comprises investigating the form, strength and area of soil erosion and calculating the soil erosion amount;
(1) defining a water and soil conservation loss control area: the method comprises the following steps of dividing the construction area into a construction control area, a construction road control area, a dissimilar muck heap application control area, an earthwork excavation control area and a construction cofferdam control area;
(2) acquiring a remote sensing image of a target building project, carrying out image preprocessing on the remote sensing image, constructing a virtual building site model based on the remote sensing image after image preprocessing, and calculating the graph and the area of a monitoring area through computer software;
(3) the monitoring method of the hydraulic erosion influence factor comprises the following steps:
a. collecting annual rainfall, monthly rainfall, percentage contents of different soils and vegetation coverage indexes of an area to be evaluated, and calculating evaluation factor assignment;
the calculation formula of rainfall erosion force R is as follows:
wherein p represents annual rainfall, and the unit is mm; pc represents the rainfall in mm per month; c represents the rainfall month, lg (·) represents a logarithmic operation;
b. assigning values according to the evaluation factors, and calculating the water and soil loss sensitivity index of the area to be evaluated to finish the evaluation of the water and soil loss;
(3) soil loss calculation method
Collecting and sorting the monitoring data according to the analysis and investigation of each analogy, and calculating the soil loss mainly by using a soil loss calculation formula;
the soil erosion amount (hydraulic erosion) calculation formula:
Ms＝F×Ks×T
in the formula: ms-water erosion amount (t);
f-area of soil erosion (km)2)；
Ks-Hydraulic erosion modulus (t/km)2·a)；
T-erosion period (a).
Monitoring range and zoning
1. Monitoring range
According to the regulations, determining a project water and soil conservation monitoring range including engineering construction occupation, use and other disturbance areas, namely a real occurring water and soil loss prevention responsibility range;
2. monitoring zone
The water and soil conservation monitoring range is divided into regions according to the type and cause of water and soil loss and the similarity of leading factors influencing the development of the water and soil loss; the division of the monitoring subareas can reflect the difference of water and soil loss characteristics of different areas and the similarity of the water and soil loss characteristics of the same area; the monitoring subareas are divided into 4 water and soil conservation monitoring subareas: (1) a building engineering monitoring area; (2) a road pipeline project monitoring area; (3) a greening engineering monitoring area; (4) constructing a production living area;
soil and water conservation facility and quality thereof
The water and soil conservation facilities in the region comprise water and soil conservation engineering measures, plant measures, naturally-formed forest and grass with a water and soil conservation function, blocking objects and the like, and the quantity and the quality of the water and soil conservation measures in different periods of time in the project region are determined by adopting an investigation monitoring method;
soil loss calculation method
And summarizing and sorting the monitoring data according to the analysis and investigation of each analogy, and calculating the soil runoff by using a soil runoff calculation formula, wherein the calculation of the soil runoff is mainly the calculation of the hydraulic erosion amount.
Soil runoff calculation
According to the soil runoff calculation method, the soil runoff of the project area in situ, the soil runoff of the disturbed earth surface in the construction period and the soil runoff of the vegetation recovery period are calculated in each stage of the engineering construction, and the soil runoff of the project area before and after the water conservation measures are implemented is compared and analyzed, so that the control benefits of the water and soil conservation measures are calculated.
According to the invention, the quantity and quality of prevention measures are maintained by collecting relevant engineering data; stability, completeness and operation condition of protection engineering; slag blocking and water draining effects of various control measures; monitoring the survival rate and preservation rate, growth condition and coverage rate of forest and grass measures; calculating the damaged water and soil conservation facility area, the disturbed ground area, the water and soil loss prevention and control responsibility range, the engineering construction area, the direct influence area, the water and soil conservation measure prevention and control area, the greening area in the prevention and control responsibility range and the adopted plant measure area caused by engineering construction by monitoring data and combining related engineering data; and measuring and verifying the soil erosion prevention and control indexes determined in the water influence evaluation report.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A content and a method for monitoring soil erosion in constructional engineering are characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. monitoring content:
(1) soil erosion factor monitoring
Determining that soil erosion in the building engineering is mainly hydraulic erosion, the main monitoring content of a water and soil loss factor is hydraulic erosion, and the hydraulic erosion influence factor mainly comprises rainfall, terrain and forest and grass vegetation;
(2) soil erosion hazard monitoring
Investigating and monitoring the influence of water and soil loss caused by engineering construction and water and soil loss on the engineering construction and the environmental safety of peripheral areas, wherein the key points comprise the water erosion degree, the damage condition of vegetation, the sand conveying amount of a ditch, the water body landfill and silting condition, the gravity erosion induction condition, the damage condition of the existing water and soil conservation engineering and the change condition of the landform;
B. and (3) monitoring program:
(1) before the construction of the building engineering, monitoring the soil loss area within the control responsibility range according to a water and soil conservation scheme;
(2) in the engineering construction process, monitoring the water and soil loss condition according to the monitoring subareas, monitoring points and facility layout conditions and the monitoring frequency, acquiring image data and recording;
C. the soil erosion condition monitoring method comprises the following steps:
(1) defining a water and soil conservation loss control area: the method comprises the following steps of dividing the construction area into a construction control area, a construction road control area, a dissimilar muck heap application control area, an earthwork excavation control area and a construction cofferdam control area;
(2) acquiring a remote sensing image of a target building project, carrying out image preprocessing on the remote sensing image, constructing a virtual building site model based on the remote sensing image after image preprocessing, and calculating the graph and the area of a monitoring area through computer software;
(3) the monitoring method of the hydraulic erosion influence factor comprises the following steps:
a. collecting annual rainfall, monthly rainfall, percentage contents of different soils and vegetation coverage indexes of an area to be evaluated, and calculating evaluation factor assignment;
the calculation formula of rainfall erosion force R is as follows:
wherein p represents annual rainfall, and the unit is mm; pc represents the rainfall in mm per month; c represents the rainfall month, lg (·) represents a logarithmic operation;
b. assigning values according to the evaluation factors, and calculating the water and soil loss sensitivity index of the area to be evaluated to finish the evaluation of the water and soil loss;
(4) soil loss calculation method
Collecting and sorting the monitoring data according to the analysis and investigation of each analogy, and calculating the soil loss mainly by using a soil loss calculation formula;
the soil erosion amount calculation formula is as follows:
Ms＝F×Ks×T
in the formula: ms-water erosion amount (t);
f-area of soil erosion (km)2)；
Ks-Hydraulic erosion modulus (t/km)2·a)；
T-erosion period (a).
2. The content and the method for monitoring the soil erosion and water loss of the constructional engineering as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and B, determining the soil erosion amount in the construction process in the step B according to the area of each erosion unit in each monitoring subarea and the soil erosion strength of the area, wherein the loss amount is sigma basic erosion unit area multiplied by erosion modulus multiplied by erosion time.
3. The content and the method for monitoring the soil erosion and water loss of the constructional engineering as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and in the step B, the land cover categories are divided according to the remote sensing images to obtain a plurality of land classes, the covered management factors of all the land classes are respectively estimated, and the covered management factors of all the land classes are synthesized to obtain the covered management factors.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113935861A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-01-14 | 广东省交通规划设计研究院集团股份有限公司 | Method, system and computer equipment for monitoring soil and water conservation |
| CN115438470A (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2022-12-06 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Model and method for measuring and calculating water and soil conservation carbon sequestration of production and construction project |
| CN116202575A (en) * | 2023-05-04 | 2023-06-02 | 山东汇杰地理信息科技有限公司 | Soil erosion rate monitoring system and method for soil conservation |
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