CN113640467A - Method for evaluating plugging and plugging removal effects of plugging material - Google Patents
Method for evaluating plugging and plugging removal effects of plugging material Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012945 sealing adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007922 dissolution test Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating plugging and plugging removal effects of a plugging material, which comprises the following steps: s1: preparing a plurality of core pillars with different crack widths, wherein the core pillars are made of stainless steel, and the crack width is within the range of 0.05-8 mm; s2: injecting a liquid plugging material into a crack of one of the core pillars, maintaining under the condition of simulating formation temperature and pressure, and obtaining the core pillar after the liquid plugging material is solidified after maintenance is finished; s3: performing plugging evaluation on the core column prepared in the step S2 by using a dynamic damage evaluation instrument; s4: performing a dynamic acid dissolution experiment on the core column prepared in the step S2 to obtain the acid-dissolved mass, acid dissolution depth and gas logging permeability of the core column; s5: and (4) performing a static acid dissolution experiment on the core pillar or the consolidation block of the liquid plugging material prepared in the step (S2), and recording the acid dissolution soaking time and the quality of the core pillar or the consolidation block after acid dissolution. The invention can perform high-precision evaluation on the plugging and deblocking effects of the plugging material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of drilling plugging materials in the field of petroleum exploration, in particular to a method for evaluating plugging and plugging removal effects of a plugging material.
Background
The lost circulation is a phenomenon that various working fluids (including drilling fluid, cement slurry, completion fluid and other fluids) leak into a stratum under the action of pressure difference in downhole operations such as well drilling, well cementing, well completion and the like, and the lost of expensive drilling fluid into the stratum causes economic cost increase and possibly causes some well control problems, and the worldwide lost circulation accounts for about 20-25% of the total number of wells, so the lost circulation is always a concern at home and abroad.
Aiming at the problem of well leakage, experts at home and abroad continuously explore the plugging material to enable the plugging work to obtain larger effect, and aiming at the plugging material, a unified plugging evaluation experimental device and an evaluation standard do not exist at present.
The existing experimental device generally has the defects of complex operation, large experimental error, single function and the like, plugging removal work is needed after plugging cracks by plugging materials, and later-stage production development is facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for evaluating plugging and plugging removal effects of a plugging material, which aims to solve the problems that the existing experimental device has the defects of complex operation, large experimental error, single function and the like and the plugging material blocks cracks.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for evaluating the plugging and unplugging effects of a plugging material comprises a core pillar, a liquid plugging material and a dynamic injury evaluation instrument and comprises the following steps,
s1: preparing a plurality of core pillars with different crack widths, wherein the core pillars are made of stainless steel, and the crack width is within the range of 0.05-8 mm;
s2: injecting a liquid plugging material into a crack of one of the core pillars, maintaining under the condition of simulating formation temperature and pressure, and obtaining a core pillar solidified by the liquid plugging material after maintenance is finished;
s3: performing plugging evaluation on the core column prepared in the step S2 by using a dynamic damage evaluation instrument, wherein the dynamic damage evaluation instrument comprises a shaft simulation system, a core holder and a base fluid collecting device which are connected, and a pressure sensor is arranged at the inlet end of the core holder;
s4: performing a dynamic acid dissolution experiment on the core column prepared in the step S2 to obtain the acid-dissolved mass, acid dissolution depth and gas logging permeability of the core column;
s5: performing a static acid dissolution experiment on the core pillar or the solidified block of the liquid plugging material prepared in the step S2, and recording the acid dissolution soaking time and the quality of the core pillar or the solidified block after acid dissolution;
wherein, the plugging evaluation in S3 comprises the following steps:
s3-1: putting the core column solidified by the liquid plugging material into the core holder, and adjusting the confining pressure of the core holder to be 5MPa higher than the preset initial inlet pressure;
s3-2: pouring base slurry into the shaft simulation system, setting the initial inlet pressure of the core holder to be P1, observing the pressure change of the pressure sensor, observing whether liquid flows into the base liquid collecting device or not, wherein the pressurizing process lasts for 10-15min, and if the inlet pressure is stable, the pressure bearing capacity of the liquid plugging material is larger than P1;
s3-3: and (3) performing gradient pressure increase by taking P2 as a pressure increment, continuously keeping each pressure point for 10-15min, if the inlet pressure suddenly drops in the pressure increase process, indicating that the pressure is the pressure bearing capacity of the liquid plugging material under the corresponding seam width of the core column, and if the pressure bearing capacity is greater than 20MPa, replacing the core column with larger seam width, and repeating the steps S1-S3 to obtain the pressure bearing capacity of the liquid plugging material under the conditions of different seam widths.
Further, in step S1, the core pillar is prepared by the following sub-steps:
preparing two symmetrical stainless steel semicylinders, and respectively carrying out linear cutting on the diameter surfaces of the two semicylinders to manufacture crack grooves, wherein the lengths of the crack grooves cut by the two semicylinders are the same;
combining the two cut semi-cylinders, and winding by using a sealing adhesive tape to enable the two semi-cylinders to be tightly attached;
and finally, fixing by adopting an elastic rubber ring to obtain the core pillar.
Further, in step S2, for a core pillar with a fracture width in the range of 2-8mm, injecting a liquid plugging material into the fracture of the core pillar, and the specific steps are as follows:
putting the core column into a container, wherein the angle between the axis of the core column and a plumb line is 10-20 degrees;
then, the liquid plugging material is poured into the rock core column after being aligned with the crack opening of the rock core column until the liquid level of the liquid plugging material is higher than the top end face of the rock core column;
and finally, putting the container into an ultrasonic instrument and vibrating for 10-30 s.
Further, in step S2, for a core column with a fracture width of less than 2mm, injecting a liquid plugging material into the fracture of the core column, specifically including the following steps:
firstly, putting the core column into a core holder;
then, displacing by adopting a liquid plugging material with 3-5 times of fracture volume;
and finally, taking out the core column in the core holder, vertically putting the core column into a container, and pouring the liquid plugging material until the liquid plugging material submerges the core column.
Further, in step S4, the dynamic acid dissolution test includes the following steps:
s4-1: measuring and recording the initial mass and permeability of the core pillar;
s4-2: sealing one end of the core pillar by using a sealing adhesive tape to isolate the core pillar from acid liquor;
s4-3: putting one sealed end of the rock core column into acid liquor, and putting the other sealed end of the rock core column into the acid liquor, wherein the liquid level of the acid liquor is over the rock core column;
s4-4: taking out the core column at intervals of T1, taking down a sealing adhesive tape at one sealed end, wiping the surface, and measuring and recording the quality of the core column at the moment;
s4-5: selecting at least two points at a crack corresponding to the unsealed end of the core column, measuring the acid dissolution depth of each point, and calculating and recording the average value of all the points;
s4-6: measuring the gas logging permeability of the rock core column by a gas measuring method, taking one sealed end as a gas inlet end during measurement, and recording the gas logging permeability obtained by measurement;
s4-7: and repeating the steps S4-2-S4-6 until the consolidated plugging material in the core pillar is completely acid-soluble or the quality of the consolidated plugging material in the core pillar is not changed any more after the acid-soluble plugging material is completely acid-soluble.
Further, in step S45, when the acid dissolution depth of each point is measured, the measurement is performed by using a vernier caliper.
Further, in step S5, the static acid dissolution test includes the following steps:
s5-1: putting the core pillar prepared in the step S2 or the solidified block of the liquid plugging material into acid liquor;
s5-2: taking out the core pillar or the caking blocks at intervals of T2, washing with clear water, soaking for 5-10min, wiping the surface, and drying in an oven at 60 ℃;
s5-3: measuring and recording the quality of the dried core column or the solidified block;
s5-4: and repeating the steps S51-S53 until the consolidated lost circulation material or the consolidated blocks in the core pillar are completely acid-soluble or the mass of the consolidated blocks is not changed any more after the acid-soluble.
Furthermore, the shaft simulation system comprises a simulation shaft with a stirrer inside, a winding is arranged on the side wall of the simulation shaft, and a permanent magnet matched with a magnetic field generated by electrifying the winding is arranged on the stirrer.
Further, the base liquid collecting device comprises a flow guide rod, a flow guide chamber penetrating through an inlet end of the flow guide rod is arranged in the flow guide rod, a piston is arranged in the flow guide chamber to divide the flow guide chamber into a first cavity and a second cavity, an inlet end of the second cavity is abutted to an outlet end of the core, the shape and size of the inlet end of the second cavity are matched with those of the core, a liquid inlet is arranged at the top of the first cavity, a liquid outlet is arranged at the bottom of the first cavity, and the liquid outlet is connected with a base liquid collecting tank through a pipeline.
Furthermore, a flow meter is arranged on a pipeline connecting the liquid outlet and the base liquid collecting tank.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the coverage is wide, the crack width of the core column prepared by the method is 0.05-8.00 mm, and different crack widths in a real stratum can be simulated;
2. the method has strong adjustability and high simulation, and can adjust the temperature and pressure of the simulated formation according to the conditions of the actual formation when the plugging material is maintained in the step S2, thereby meeting the experiment requirements in a wider range;
3. the pressure-bearing capacity measurement method has high accuracy, in the step S3, gradient pressure boosting is adopted, and the measurement time of each pressure point is 10-15min, so that the pressure-bearing capacity can be measured more accurately;
4. the integrity is high, and the invention designs a series of complete simulation systems from maintenance to plugging and then plugging removal of the plugging material, so that the evaluation method is more complete.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a top view structure of a semi-cylinder in the method for evaluating plugging and unplugging effects of the plugging material of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a top view structure of a core pillar in the method for evaluating plugging and unplugging effects of the plugging material of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional structure of a core pillar in the method for evaluating plugging and unplugging effects of the plugging material of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a test result of a pressure-bearing capacity of a plugging with a seam width of 6mm according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a test result of the pressure-bearing capacity of the plugging with a seam width of 8mm in one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the case of the example 1, the following examples are given,
referring to fig. 1-5, in an embodiment of the present invention, a method for evaluating plugging and unplugging effects of a plugging material includes a core pillar, a liquid plugging material, and a dynamic damage evaluation apparatus, the steps are as follows,
s1: preparing a plurality of core pillars with different fracture widths, wherein the core pillars are made of stainless steel, and the fracture width is within the range of 0.05-8 mm;
wherein, prepare the different core pillar of a plurality of crack widths, the core pillar is formed through following substep preparation, prepares two stainless steel semicylinders of symmetry, carries out the line cutting preparation crack recess to the diameter face of two semicylinders respectively, and the crack recess length of two semicylinders cutting is the same, combines two semicylinders after will cutting, adopts sealing tape to twine, makes two semicylinders closely laminate, then adopts the elastic rubber circle to fix, obtains the core pillar.
In the preparation of the core barrel, the width of the slit groove of the two semicylinders may be the same or different, and in one specific embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1-3, a plurality of identical semicylinders having a height of 5cm and a diameter of 2.5cm are prepared, and the length of the slit groove of all the semicylinders is 1.8cm, wherein the width of the slit groove of the two semicylinders is 1mm, the width of the slit groove of the two semicylinders is 2mm, and the width of the slit groove of the two semicylinders is 3mm, so that these six semicylinders can be arbitrarily combined to obtain a core barrel of 2mm (1mm semicylinder +1mm semicylinder), 3mm (1mm semicylinder +2mm semicylinder), 4mm (1mm semicylinder +3mm semicylinder, or 2mm semicylinder +2mm semicylinder), 5mm (2mm +3mm semicylinder +3 mm), 6mm (3mm semicylinder +3 mm) semicylinder), by adopting the method, the rock core columns with a plurality of cracks of which the widths are within the range of 0.05-8mm are prepared.
S2: and injecting the liquid plugging material into the crack of one rock core column, maintaining under the condition of simulating the temperature and the pressure of the stratum, and obtaining the solidified rock core column of the liquid plugging material after the maintenance is finished.
In a specific embodiment, for a core column with a crack width within the range of 2-8mm, injecting a liquid plugging material into the crack of the core column comprises the following sub-steps of firstly placing the core column into a container, wherein the angle between the axis of the core column and a plumb line is 10-20 degrees, optionally the angle between the axis of the core column and the plumb line is 15 degrees, then, pouring the liquid plugging material after aligning the liquid plugging material with the crack opening of the core column until the liquid level of the liquid plugging material is higher than the top end face of the core column, and finally, placing the container into an ultrasonic instrument to vibrate for 10-30 s.
In a specific embodiment, for a core column with a fracture width smaller than 2mm, the step of injecting the liquid plugging material into the fracture of the core column comprises the following substeps of firstly placing the core column into a core holder, then adopting the liquid plugging material with 3-5 times of fracture volume for displacement, finally taking out the core column in the core holder and placing the core column into a container, and pouring the liquid plugging material until the liquid plugging material is submerged in the core column.
S3: performing plugging evaluation on the core column prepared in the step S2 by using a dynamic damage evaluation instrument, wherein the dynamic damage evaluation instrument comprises a shaft simulation system, a core holder and a base fluid collecting device which are connected, and a pressure sensor is arranged at the inlet end of the core holder;
wherein, the plugging evaluation in S3 comprises the following steps:
s3-1: putting the core column solidified by the liquid plugging material into a core holder, and adjusting the confining pressure of the core holder to be 5MPa higher than the preset initial inlet pressure;
s3-2: pouring the base slurry into a shaft simulation system, setting the initial inlet pressure of the core holder to be P1, observing the pressure change of a pressure sensor, observing whether liquid flows into a base liquid collecting device or not, wherein the pressurizing process lasts for 10-15min, and if the inlet pressure is stable, the pressure bearing capacity of the liquid plugging material is larger than P1;
s3-3: and (3) performing gradient pressure boosting by taking P2 as a pressure increment, continuously keeping each pressure point for 10-15min, if the inlet pressure suddenly drops in the pressure boosting process, indicating that the pressure is the pressure bearing capacity of the liquid plugging material under the corresponding seam width of the core column, and if the pressure bearing capacity is greater than 20MPa, replacing the core column with larger seam width, and repeating the steps S1-S3 to obtain the pressure bearing capacity of the liquid plugging material under the conditions of different seam widths.
In a specific embodiment, the fracture width of the core column is 6mm, the base slurry comprises 4% of bentonite and 0.2% of anhydrous Na2CO3, P1 is 2MPa, and P2 is 2MPa, the test result of the plugging pressure-bearing capacity of this embodiment is shown in fig. 4, in another specific embodiment, different from the above embodiment, the fracture width of the core column is 8mm, the test result of the plugging pressure-bearing capacity of this embodiment is shown in fig. 5, and it should be noted that the base slurry may also be a working fluid in other background technologies, such as a drilling fluid, a cement slurry, a completion fluid, and other fluids.
In a specific embodiment, the shaft simulation system comprises a simulation shaft with a stirrer arranged inside, a winding is arranged on the side wall of the simulation shaft, a permanent magnet matched with a magnetic field generated by electrifying the winding is arranged on the stirrer, in the embodiment, a strong magnetic field is generated by winding to drive the stirrer, the stirrer can be driven and adjusted in rotating speed by adjusting the size of the magnetic field and the direction of the magnetic field during specific application, and the shaft simulation system can provide larger stirring torque compared with a conventional stirrer so that the shaft simulation system can adapt to higher simulation requirements.
In a specific embodiment, the base liquid collecting device comprises a diversion rod, a diversion chamber penetrating through the inlet end of the diversion rod is arranged in the diversion rod, a piston is arranged in the diversion chamber to divide the diversion chamber into a first cavity and a second cavity, the inlet end of the second cavity is abutted against the outlet end of the core, the shape and the size of the inlet end of the second cavity are matched with those of the core, a liquid inlet is arranged at the top of the first cavity, a liquid outlet is arranged at the bottom of the first cavity, the liquid outlet is connected with a base liquid collecting tank through a pipeline, and a flowmeter is arranged on the pipeline connecting the liquid outlet and the base liquid collecting tank. Avoid the liquid in the pipeline to flow out naturally, open the valve on the drain pipe way, make liquid fill the drain pipe way, close the feed liquor pipe valve, then carry out shutoff evaluation test, whether there is liquid to flow in the observation base liquid collecting tank, adopt the base liquid collection device in this embodiment, can avoid the base thick liquid to be detained in the water conservancy diversion indoor, can also make statistics of the base thick liquid of filling in the rock core simultaneously, the precision of obtaining of improvement base thick liquid filtration loss that can be very big, and then improve the harm evaluation precision of drilling fluid.
S4: performing a dynamic acid dissolution experiment on the core column prepared in the step S2 to obtain the acid-dissolved mass, acid dissolution depth and gas logging permeability of the core column;
the dynamic acid dissolution test comprises the following steps:
s4-1: measuring and recording the initial mass and permeability of the core pillar;
s4-2: sealing one end of the core pillar by using a sealing adhesive tape to isolate the core pillar from acid liquor;
s4-3: putting the sealed end of the core column into acid liquor with the other end up and the other end down, wherein the liquid level of the acid liquor is over the core column;
s4-4: taking out the core column at intervals of T1, taking down the sealing adhesive tape at one end of the seal, wiping the surface, and measuring and recording the quality of the core column at the moment;
s4-5: selecting at least two points at a crack corresponding to the unsealed end of the core column, measuring the acid dissolution depth of each point, and calculating and recording the average value of all the points;
s4-6: measuring the gas logging permeability of the rock core column by a gas measuring method, taking one sealed end as a gas inlet end during measurement, and recording the gas logging permeability obtained by measurement;
s4-7: and repeating the steps S4-2-S4-6 until the consolidated plugging material in the rock core column is completely acid-soluble or the quality of the consolidated plugging material is not changed after the acid-soluble plugging material is completely acid-soluble.
S5: performing a static acid dissolution experiment on the solidified block of the core column or the liquid plugging material prepared in the step S2, and recording the acid dissolution soaking time and the quality of the core column or the solidified block after acid dissolution;
the static acid dissolution test comprises the following steps:
s5-1: putting the solidified block of the core pillar or the liquid plugging material prepared in the step S2 into acid liquor;
s5-2: taking out the core pillar or the solidified block at intervals of T2, washing with clear water, soaking for 5-10min, wiping off the surface, and drying in an oven at 60 deg.C;
s5-3: measuring and recording the quality of the dried core column or the solidified block;
s5-4: and repeating the steps S51-S53 until the consolidated lost circulation material or the consolidated block in the core pillar is completely acid-soluble or the quality is not changed after the acid-soluble.
In a specific embodiment, the acid solution in steps S4 and S5 is 15% HCl solution. It should be noted that other acid solutions for dissolving the plugging material, such as HF, a mixture of HF and HCL, and the like, may also be used.
S6, collecting and sorting the data obtained in all the steps; in one particular example, for a core column with a fracture width of 2mm, the data can be summarized in accordance with the following table:
TABLE 2 dynamic acid solubility test
TABLE 3 static acid solubility test
Through the steps, the consolidation blocks formed by the plugging material under various maintenance conditions of simulated formation environments can be obtained, and the plugging bearing capacity, the dynamic acid dissolution plugging capacity and the static acid dissolution plugging capacity of the plugging material under different crack width conditions can be realized, so that the plugging and plugging effect evaluation of the plugging material is more complete, the actual formation condition is more met, and the test result is more accurate.
It should be noted that the core holder, the wellbore simulation system, the pressure sensor and the like mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention are all the prior art, and the specific structures thereof are not described herein again
In the case of the example 2, the following examples are given,
a method for evaluating the plugging and unplugging effects of a plugging material comprises a core pillar, a liquid plugging material and a dynamic injury evaluation instrument and comprises the following steps,
s1: preparing a plurality of core pillars with different fracture widths, wherein the core pillars are made of stainless steel, and the fracture width is within the range of 0.05-8 mm;
s2: injecting a liquid plugging material into a crack of one of the core pillars, maintaining under the condition of simulating formation temperature and pressure, and obtaining a core pillar solidified by the liquid plugging material after maintenance is finished;
s3: performing plugging evaluation on the core column prepared in the step S2 by using a dynamic damage evaluation instrument, wherein the dynamic damage evaluation instrument comprises a shaft simulation system, a core holder and a base fluid collecting device which are connected, and a pressure sensor is arranged at the inlet end of the core holder;
s4: performing a dynamic acid dissolution experiment on the core column prepared in the step S2 to obtain the acid-dissolved mass, acid dissolution depth and gas logging permeability of the core column;
s5: performing a static acid dissolution experiment on the solidified block of the core column or the liquid plugging material prepared in the step S2, and recording the acid dissolution soaking time and the quality of the core column or the solidified block after acid dissolution;
wherein, the plugging evaluation in S3 comprises the following steps:
s3-1: putting the core column solidified by the liquid plugging material into a core holder, and adjusting the confining pressure of the core holder to be 5MPa higher than the preset initial inlet pressure;
s3-2: pouring the base slurry into a shaft simulation system, setting the initial inlet pressure of the core holder to be P1, observing the pressure change of a pressure sensor, observing whether liquid flows into a base liquid collecting device or not, wherein the pressurizing process lasts for 10-15min, and if the inlet pressure is stable, the pressure bearing capacity of the liquid plugging material is larger than P1;
s3-3: and (3) performing gradient pressure boosting by taking P2 as a pressure increment, continuously keeping each pressure point for 10-15min, if the inlet pressure suddenly drops in the pressure boosting process, indicating that the pressure is the pressure bearing capacity of the liquid plugging material under the corresponding seam width of the core column, and if the pressure bearing capacity is greater than 20MPa, replacing the core column with larger seam width, and repeating the steps S1-S3 to obtain the pressure bearing capacity of the liquid plugging material under the conditions of different seam widths.
In step S1, the core column is prepared by the following substeps:
preparing two symmetrical stainless steel semicylinders, and respectively carrying out linear cutting on the diameter surfaces of the two semicylinders to manufacture crack grooves, wherein the lengths of the crack grooves cut by the two semicylinders are the same;
combining the two cut semi-cylinders, and winding by using a sealing adhesive tape to enable the two semi-cylinders to be tightly attached;
and finally, fixing the core pillar by using an elastic rubber ring to obtain the core pillar.
In step S2, for the core pillar with the crack width within the range of 2-8mm, injecting a liquid plugging material into the crack of the core pillar, and the specific steps are as follows:
putting the core column into a container, wherein the angle between the axis of the core column and the plumb line is 10-20 degrees;
then, the liquid plugging material is poured into the rock core column after being aligned with the crack opening of the rock core column until the liquid level of the liquid plugging material is higher than the top end face of the rock core column;
finally, the container is placed in an ultrasonic instrument and vibrated for 10-30 s.
In step S2, for the core column with crack width less than 2mm, injecting liquid plugging material into the crack of the core column, the specific steps are as follows:
firstly, putting a core column into a core holder;
then, displacing by adopting a liquid plugging material with 3-5 times of fracture volume;
and finally, taking out the core column in the core holder, vertically putting the core column into a container, and pouring the liquid plugging material until the liquid plugging material submerges the core column.
In step S4, the dynamic acid dissolution test includes the following steps:
s4-1: measuring and recording the initial mass and permeability of the core pillar;
s4-2: sealing one end of the core pillar by using a sealing adhesive tape to isolate the core pillar from acid liquor;
s4-3: putting the sealed end of the core column into acid liquor with the other end up and the other end down, wherein the liquid level of the acid liquor is over the core column;
s4-4: taking out the core column at intervals of T1, taking down the sealing adhesive tape at one end of the seal, wiping the surface, and measuring and recording the quality of the core column at the moment;
s4-5: selecting at least two points at a crack corresponding to the unsealed end of the core column, measuring the acid dissolution depth of each point, and calculating and recording the average value of all the points;
s4-6: measuring the gas logging permeability of the rock core column by a gas measuring method, taking one sealed end as a gas inlet end during measurement, and recording the gas logging permeability obtained by measurement;
s4-7: and repeating the steps S4-2-S4-6 until the consolidated plugging material in the rock core column is completely acid-soluble or the quality of the consolidated plugging material is not changed after the acid-soluble plugging material is completely acid-soluble.
In step S45, when the acid dissolution depth of each point is measured, a vernier caliper is used for the measurement.
In step S5, the static acid dissolution test includes the following steps:
s5-1: putting the solidified block of the core pillar or the liquid plugging material prepared in the step S2 into acid liquor;
s5-2: taking out the core pillar or the solidified block at intervals of T2, washing with clear water, soaking for 5-10min, wiping off the surface, and drying in an oven at 60 deg.C;
s5-3: measuring and recording the quality of the dried core column or the solidified block;
s5-4: and repeating the steps S51-S53 until the consolidated lost circulation material or the consolidated block in the core pillar is completely acid-soluble or the quality is not changed after the acid-soluble.
The shaft simulation system comprises a simulation shaft with a stirrer arranged inside, a winding is arranged on the side wall of the simulation shaft, and a permanent magnet matched with a magnetic field generated by electrifying the winding is arranged on the stirrer.
The base liquid collecting device comprises a flow guide rod, a flow guide chamber penetrating through the inlet end of the flow guide rod is arranged in the flow guide rod, a piston is arranged in the flow guide chamber to divide the flow guide chamber into a first cavity and a second cavity, the inlet end of the second cavity is abutted to the outlet end of the rock core, the shape and size of the inlet end of the second cavity are matched with the shape and size of the rock core, a liquid inlet is formed in the top of the first cavity, a liquid outlet is formed in the bottom of the first cavity, and the liquid outlet is connected with a base liquid collecting tank through a pipeline.
A flow meter is arranged on a pipeline connecting the liquid outlet and the base liquid collecting tank.
In conclusion, the coverage is wide, the fracture width of the core column prepared by the method is 0.05-8.00 mm, and different fracture widths in a real stratum can be simulated; the method has strong adjustability and high simulation, and can adjust the temperature and pressure of the simulated formation according to the conditions of the actual formation when the plugging material is maintained in the step S2, thereby meeting the experiment requirements in a wider range; the pressure-bearing capacity measurement method has high accuracy, in the step S3, gradient pressure boosting is adopted, and the measurement time of each pressure point is 10-15min, so that the pressure-bearing capacity can be measured more accurately; the integrity is high, and the invention designs a series of complete simulation systems from maintenance to plugging and then plugging removal of the plugging material, so that the evaluation method is more complete.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. The method for evaluating the plugging and unplugging effects of the plugging material is characterized by comprising a core pillar, a liquid plugging material and a dynamic injury evaluation instrument and comprises the following steps,
s1: preparing a plurality of core pillars with different crack widths, wherein the core pillars are made of stainless steel, and the crack width is within the range of 0.05-8 mm;
s2: injecting a liquid plugging material into a crack of one of the core pillars, maintaining under the condition of simulating formation temperature and pressure, and obtaining a core pillar solidified by the liquid plugging material after maintenance is finished;
s3: performing plugging evaluation on the core column prepared in the step S2 by using a dynamic damage evaluation instrument, wherein the dynamic damage evaluation instrument comprises a shaft simulation system, a core holder and a base fluid collecting device which are connected, and a pressure sensor is arranged at the inlet end of the core holder;
s4: performing a dynamic acid dissolution experiment on the core column prepared in the step S2 to obtain the acid-dissolved mass, acid dissolution depth and gas logging permeability of the core column;
s5: performing a static acid dissolution experiment on the core pillar or the solidified block of the liquid plugging material prepared in the step S2, and recording the acid dissolution soaking time and the quality of the core pillar or the solidified block after acid dissolution;
wherein, the plugging evaluation in S3 comprises the following steps:
s3-1: putting the core column solidified by the liquid plugging material into the core holder, and adjusting the confining pressure of the core holder to be 5MPa higher than the preset initial inlet pressure;
s3-2: pouring base slurry into the shaft simulation system, setting the initial inlet pressure of the core holder to be P1, observing the pressure change of the pressure sensor, observing whether liquid flows into the base liquid collecting device or not, wherein the pressurizing process lasts for 10-15min, and if the inlet pressure is stable, the pressure bearing capacity of the liquid plugging material is larger than P1;
s3-3: and (3) performing gradient pressure increase by taking P2 as a pressure increment, continuously keeping each pressure point for 10-15min, if the inlet pressure suddenly drops in the pressure increase process, indicating that the pressure is the pressure bearing capacity of the liquid plugging material under the corresponding seam width of the core column, and if the pressure bearing capacity is greater than 20MPa, replacing the core column with larger seam width, and repeating the steps S1-S3 to obtain the pressure bearing capacity of the liquid plugging material under the conditions of different seam widths.
2. The method for evaluating the plugging and unplugging effects of the plugging material as recited in claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the core pillar is prepared by the following substeps:
preparing two symmetrical stainless steel semicylinders, and respectively carrying out linear cutting on the diameter surfaces of the two semicylinders to manufacture crack grooves, wherein the lengths of the crack grooves cut by the two semicylinders are the same;
combining the two cut semi-cylinders, and winding by using a sealing adhesive tape to enable the two semi-cylinders to be tightly attached;
and finally, fixing by adopting an elastic rubber ring to obtain the core pillar.
3. The method for evaluating the plugging and unplugging effects of the plugging material according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, for the core pillar with the crack width within the range of 2-8mm, the liquid plugging material is injected into the crack of the core pillar, and the specific steps are as follows:
putting the core column into a container, wherein the angle between the axis of the core column and a plumb line is 10-20 degrees; then, the liquid plugging material is poured into the rock core column after being aligned with the crack opening of the rock core column until the liquid level of the liquid plugging material is higher than the top end face of the rock core column;
and finally, putting the container into an ultrasonic instrument and vibrating for 10-30 s.
4. The method for evaluating the plugging and unplugging effects of the plugging material according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, for a core column with a fracture width smaller than 2mm, the liquid plugging material is injected into the fracture of the core column, and the specific steps are as follows:
firstly, putting the core column into a core holder;
then, displacing by adopting a liquid plugging material with 3-5 times of fracture volume;
and finally, taking out the core column in the core holder, vertically putting the core column into a container, and pouring the liquid plugging material until the liquid plugging material submerges the core column.
5. The method for evaluating the plugging and unplugging effects of the plugging material according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the dynamic acid dissolution test comprises the following steps:
s4-1: measuring and recording the initial mass and permeability of the core pillar;
s4-2: sealing one end of the core pillar by using a sealing adhesive tape to isolate the core pillar from acid liquor;
s4-3: putting one sealed end of the rock core column into acid liquor, and putting the other sealed end of the rock core column into the acid liquor, wherein the liquid level of the acid liquor is over the rock core column;
s4-4: taking out the core column at intervals of T1, taking down a sealing adhesive tape at one sealed end, wiping the surface, and measuring and recording the quality of the core column at the moment;
s4-5: selecting at least two points at a crack corresponding to the unsealed end of the core column, measuring the acid dissolution depth of each point, and calculating and recording the average value of all the points;
s4-6: measuring the gas logging permeability of the rock core column by a gas measuring method, taking one sealed end as a gas inlet end during measurement, and recording the gas logging permeability obtained by measurement;
s4-7: and repeating the steps S4-2-S4-6 until the consolidated plugging material in the core pillar is completely acid-soluble or the quality of the consolidated plugging material in the core pillar is not changed any more after the acid-soluble plugging material is completely acid-soluble.
6. The method for evaluating the plugging and unplugging effects of the plugging material according to claim 5, wherein in the step S45, when the acid dissolution depth of each point is measured, a vernier caliper is used for measurement.
7. The method for evaluating the plugging and unplugging effects of the plugging material according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the static acid dissolution test comprises the following steps:
s5-1: putting the core pillar prepared in the step S2 or the solidified block of the liquid plugging material into acid liquor;
s5-2: taking out the core pillar or the caking blocks at intervals of T2, washing with clear water, soaking for 5-10min, wiping the surface, and drying in an oven at 60 ℃;
s5-3: measuring and recording the quality of the dried core column or the solidified block;
s5-4: and repeating the steps S51-S53 until the consolidated lost circulation material or the consolidated blocks in the core pillar are completely acid-soluble or the mass of the consolidated blocks is not changed any more after the acid-soluble.
8. The method for evaluating the plugging and unplugging effects of the plugging material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the shaft simulation system comprises a simulated shaft in which a stirrer is arranged, the side wall of the simulated shaft is provided with a winding, and the stirrer is provided with a permanent magnet matched with a magnetic field generated by electrifying the winding.
9. The method for evaluating the plugging and unplugging effects of the plugging material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the base fluid collecting device comprises a diversion rod, a diversion chamber penetrating through an inlet end of the diversion rod is arranged in the diversion rod, a piston is arranged in the diversion chamber to divide the diversion chamber into a first cavity and a second cavity, the inlet end of the second cavity is abutted against an outlet end of the core, the shape and size of the inlet end of the second cavity are matched with the shape and size of the core, a fluid inlet is arranged at the top of the first cavity, a fluid outlet is arranged at the bottom of the first cavity, and the fluid outlet is connected with a base fluid collecting tank through a pipeline.
10. The method for evaluating the plugging and unplugging effects of the plugging material according to claim 9, wherein a flow meter is arranged on a pipeline connecting the liquid outlet and the base liquid collecting tank.
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