CN113640152A - Experimental device and experimental method for testing fragmentability and mutability of steel slag particles - Google Patents
Experimental device and experimental method for testing fragmentability and mutability of steel slag particles Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/303—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated only by free-falling weight
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
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- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
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Abstract
The invention provides an experimental device and an experimental method for testing the mutability of steel slag particles, and relates to the technical field of crushing experiments, wherein the experimental device for testing the mutability of the steel slag particles comprises a data acquisition system, a base platform, a scale and an experimental device main body, wherein the scale and the experimental device main body are arranged on the base platform; according to the experimental device for testing the catastrophe of the crushability of the steel slag particles, the material to be tested on the first falling platform can be deformed or crushed after the first weight block of the experimental device provided by the invention falls, and the first falling platform and the material to be tested have an acceleration, wherein the falling distance of the first falling platform can be obtained by capturing through the high-speed camera, so that the crushing force absorbed by the material to be tested in the crushing or deformation process can be calculated, the energy required by the deformation of the uncrushable object and the test data of the reaction force of the experimental device can be increased on the basis of the existing experimental result, and the data information of the crushing process can be perfected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crushing experiments, in particular to an experimental device and an experimental method for testing the mutability of the crushability of steel slag particles.
Background
The comprehensive utilization of the steel slag generally needs to be crushed to the required granularity range to realize resource recovery and high value-added utilization of tailings. Because slag iron (inclusion of the steel slag and massive metal iron, which is difficult to separate by a magnetic separation process) is accompanied in the steel slag, an iron beating phenomenon (commonly called as 'over-iron') frequently occurs in the crushing process, the frequent occurrence of the over-iron causes the product granularity to fluctuate greatly and even the equipment to be damaged, and the experimental determination method and the mathematical model of the selection function and the crushing function of the traditional material particles are difficult to describe the crushing behavior of the iron-containing heterogeneous material.
The inertia cone crusher is developed by applying a vibration theory, is a vibration crushing device with a unique structure principle, and is widely used for fine crushing of steel slag by using unique advantages. The inertia cone crusher generates high-frequency inertia centrifugal force through high-speed rotation of the eccentric vibration excitation device, and a rigid coupling vibration system formed by the discrete material layer and the rigid machine body tends to be dynamically balanced under the action of high-frequency vibration. The material is not only the object to be crushed, but also plays a key role in the transmission of crushing force and the dynamic balance of equipment, and the influence of the material property on the crushing process is very obvious. The iron-containing and heterogeneous characteristics of the steel slag particles lead to the increasingly prominent contradiction between the rapid change of the dynamic characteristics in the process of crushing the steel slag by the inertia cone crusher and the maintenance of excellent crushing performance and selective crushing, and reveal that the crushing performance mutation caused by the change of the properties of the steel slag material is the basis and the key of the research on the dynamic characteristics of equipment.
The experimental method for researching the crushing behavior of the single-particle material mainly comprises a uniaxial tension and compression experiment, a falling weight experiment, a rotary pendulum crushing experiment, an impact experiment of particles under the action of airflow, a pair roller experiment, a grinding experiment and the like, different experiments have different research focuses, and the crushing behavior of the material is different from that of a crushing model. Under the high-frequency vibration impact action of the inertia cone crusher, the crushing force of the materials is mainly in an impact action mode.
Therefore, in order to search for a material crushing process and a specific crushing behavior suitable for the inertia cone crusher, a material property testing method combining an impact loading action mode is required to research the action rule of the catastrophe of the crushability of the steel slag particles. In the prior art, the overall test precision is further improved by improving and optimizing devices such as impact, adjustment and lifting in an experimental device generally utilizing an impact action mode. However, the falling weight experiment device is based on a single equipment structure and a simple working principle, is more suitable for a standard falling weight experiment process of conventional minerals, and cannot well test complicated energy conversion involved in a steel slag crushing process and crushability mutation caused by iron-containing heterogeneous characteristics of the steel slag for heterogeneous steel slag particles containing ductile iron blocks with toughness, and a related data test method and a model data support source for crushing model research are lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an experimental device and an experimental method for testing the mutability of the crushability of steel slag particles, and aims to solve the technical problem that the existing experimental device cannot be effectively used for researching the crushing behavior of inhomogeneous steel slag particles containing ductile iron blocks and tough iron blocks.
The invention provides an experimental device for testing the mutability of the fragmentability of steel slag particles, which comprises a data acquisition system, a base platform, a scale and an experimental device main body, wherein the scale and the experimental device main body are arranged on the base platform; the experimental device main body comprises a guide system, a weight dropping system and a test platform;
the guide system comprises a guide bracket, a motor, a lifting wheel, a lifting rope and an electromagnetic lock; the motor is arranged at the upper end of the guide bracket, the lifting wheel is arranged on the motor, the lifting rope is wound on the lifting wheel, and the electromagnetic lock is arranged at the free end of the lifting wheel; and the guide bracket is arranged on the base platform;
the weight dropping system comprises a first weight, the first weight is arranged on the guide bracket, can be connected with the electromagnetic lock and can move along the vertical direction of the guide bracket;
the test platform comprises a first test component arranged below the first weight;
the first testing assembly comprises a first weight dropping platform and a first supporting spring arranged at the lower end of the first weight dropping platform;
the data acquisition system comprises a high-speed camera, a first acceleration sensor arranged at the lower end of the first weight dropping platform, a data acquisition unit connected with the first acceleration sensor and a data processor;
the high-speed camera and the data collector are both connected with the data processor.
Further, the weight dropping system also comprises a second weight which is arranged on the guide bracket, can be connected with the electromagnetic lock and can move along the vertical direction of the guide bracket;
the test platform further comprises a second test assembly, and the second test assembly comprises a second weight dropping platform and a second support spring arranged at the lower end of the second weight dropping platform;
the data acquisition system further comprises a second acceleration sensor arranged at the lower end of the second weight dropping platform, and the second acceleration sensor is connected with the data acquisition unit.
Further, still include the elastic diaphragm, the elastic diaphragm sets up between first test assembly and the second test assembly.
Further, the device also comprises a protective cover; the protective cover covers outside the experimental device main body.
Further, the guide bracket comprises at least three guide rods, and the guide rods are vertically arranged on the base platform;
the first weight comprises a first connecting rod, a first weight main body and a first guide plate arranged on the guide rod; a first guide hole is formed in the first guide plate at a position corresponding to the guide rod; one end of the first connecting rod is connected with the first weight main body, and the other end of the first connecting rod is connected with the first guide plate;
the second weight comprises a second connecting rod, a second weight body and a second guide plate arranged on the guide rod; a second guide hole is formed in the second guide plate at a position corresponding to the guide rod; one end of the second connecting rod is connected with the second block main body, and the other end of the second connecting rod is connected with the second guide plate; and the second guide plate is arranged above the first guide plate, and the first weight main body and the second weight main body are positioned on the same plane through the height adjustment of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod.
Furthermore, the first connecting rod comprises a first connecting front arm, a first height adjusting rod and a first connecting rear arm which are sequentially connected, and the first height adjusting rod is vertically arranged;
the second connecting rod comprises a second connecting front arm, a second height adjusting rod and a second connecting rear arm which are sequentially connected, and the second height adjusting rod is vertically arranged;
the first weight main body and the second weight main body are positioned on the same plane through the matching of the first height adjusting rod and the second height adjusting rod.
The invention also provides an experimental method, which is applied to the experimental device for testing the mutability of the fragmentability of the steel slag particles, and the experimental method comprises the following steps:
s1: sucking the falling weight system by using an electromagnetic lock, rotating a lifting wheel by using a motor so as to lift the falling weight system to a preset height, and then placing a material to be tested on a first falling weight platform of the test platform;
s2: the electromagnetic lock is powered off and releases the weight dropping system, so that the weight dropping system vertically moves downwards under the action of the guide system and finally drops on the test platform; when the electromagnetic lock is powered off, a high-speed camera and a first acceleration sensor in the data acquisition system are triggered at the same time; the high-speed camera obtains the displacement of the first weight dropping platform by respectively shooting the first weight dropping platform, and the first acceleration sensor is used for obtaining the acceleration of the first weight dropping platform;
s3: if the material to be tested is not crushed, recording the acceleration of the first falling weight platform;
if the material to be tested is broken, repeating the steps of using the same material to be tested and changing the prefabricated height of the falling weight system for many times, and summarizing to form the relation between energy and particle size distribution.
Further, the crushing force absorbed in the process of crushing or deforming the material to be tested is as follows:
Fbreak＝Fdrop-Fspring-(m1+m2+m3)a；
wherein: fbreakRepresenting the crushing force absorbed in the process of crushing or deforming the material to be tested; fdropRepresenting the breaking force generated by the falling of the weight block; fspringThe elastic force of the supporting spring is shown when the falling platform descends; m is1Representing the mass of the drop weight platform; m is2Representing the mass of the material to be tested; m is3Is the mass of the weight; a represents the overall acceleration of the drop weight platform and the material to be tested.
Further, in step S1, the material to be tested is a sample which is cut and milled and analyzed for material properties.
Further, the material property analysis of the material to be tested comprises the steps of determining the phase composition and the embedding relation of slag, iron and other oxide impurities in the steel slag by using an X-ray diffractometer, a scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum analysis, and testing the relative content of the slag and the iron by using a multi-element analysis and chemical phase method.
Further, the falling weight system of the experimental device for testing the mutability of the fragmentable performance of the steel slag particles further comprises a second weight block, wherein the second weight block is arranged on the guide bracket, can be connected with the electromagnetic lock and can move along the vertical direction of the guide bracket; the test platform further comprises a second test assembly, and the second test assembly comprises a second weight dropping platform and a second support spring arranged at the lower end of the second weight dropping platform; the data acquisition system also comprises a second acceleration sensor arranged at the lower end of a second weight dropping platform, and the second acceleration sensor is connected with the data acquisition unit; the method also comprises the step of determining the mutability of the crushability of the iron-containing steel slag, which comprises the following steps:
placing pure steel slag material particles on the first weight-dropping platform, carrying out a comparison weight-dropping experiment of the no-load condition on the second weight-dropping platform and the pure steel slag material particles, and analyzing energy required by the crushing process of the pure steel slag material particles according to the data difference of the crushing process;
carrying out a comparative falling weight experiment of the no-load condition and the massive pure iron particles, and analyzing the energy required by the deformation process of the massive pure iron;
and carrying out a comparative weight loss experiment on the pure steel slag material particles and the slag iron mixture particles, and further verifying the difference between the energy required by the pure steel slag material particle crushing process and the energy required by the slag iron mixture deformation process.
The first support spring is arranged below the first falling weight platform of the experimental device for testing the catastrophe of the steel slag particle crushability, when the first weight falls, the material to be tested on the first falling weight platform can be deformed or crushed, and the first falling weight platform and the material to be tested have an acceleration, wherein the descending distance of the first falling weight platform can be obtained by capturing through a high-speed camera, so that the crushing force absorbed in the crushing or deformation process of the material to be tested can be calculated, namely after the first weight impacts the material to be tested, the energy lost by the new surface formed by cracks due to the extrusion deformation of metal iron and the particle fragmentation and the heat dissipation and the like can be calculated; therefore, the size of energy required by deformation of an uncrushable object and test data of the size of reaction force of an experimental device can be increased on the basis of the existing experimental result, and data information of the crushing process is perfected.
The experimental method provided by the invention establishes a selection function and a crushing function mathematical model for describing crushing of the uncrushable and heterogeneous materials by using energy as a variable through analyzing the relation between the energy consumption in the crushing process and the particle size distribution of the crushed products and the deformation degree of the uncrushable materials, thereby realizing the mathematical description of the crushing process.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental apparatus for testing the mutability of the crushability of steel slag particles according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a main body of the experimental device for testing the mutability of the crushability of steel slag particles shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an experimental method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the experimental method for determining the mutability of the crushability of the iron-containing steel slag according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is another flow chart of an experimental method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a force analysis diagram of a test material according to an experimental method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 100-a protective cover; 200-a base platform; 300-a high-speed camera; 400-a data collector; 500-a data processor; 600-an elastic partition plate; 700-a material to be tested; 800-a first acceleration sensor; 900-a second acceleration sensor; 110-a first drop weight platform; 120-a first support spring; 130-a second drop weight platform; 140-a second support spring; 150-a first weight body; 160-first connecting rod; 161-a first connecting forearm; 162-a first height adjustment bar; 163-first connecting rear arm; 170-a first directing plate; 180-a second guide plate; 190-a second connecting rod; 191-a second connecting forearm; 192-a second height adjustment bar; 193-second connecting rear arm; 210-a second mass body; 220-a guide bracket; 230-Scale.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the experimental device for testing the mutability of the fragmentability of the steel slag particles provided by the invention comprises a data acquisition system, a base platform 200, a scale 230 and an experimental device main body, wherein the scale 230 and the experimental device main body are arranged on the base platform 200; the experimental device main body comprises a guide system, a weight dropping system and a test platform;
the guide system comprises a guide bracket 220, a motor, a lifting wheel, a lifting rope and an electromagnetic lock; the motor is arranged at the upper end of the guide bracket 220, the lifting wheel is arranged on the motor, the lifting rope is wound on the lifting wheel, and the electromagnetic lock is arranged at the free end of the lifting wheel; and the guide bracket 220 is disposed on the base platform 200; the falling weight system includes a first weight which is provided on the guide bracket 220 and can be connected with the electromagnetic lock, and can move in a vertical direction of the guide bracket 220; the test platform comprises a first test component arranged below the first weight; the first test assembly comprises a first weight platform 110 and a first support spring 120 arranged at the lower end of the first weight platform 110; the data acquisition system comprises a high-speed camera 300, a first acceleration sensor 800 arranged at the lower end of the first falling weight platform 110, a data acquisition unit 400 connected with the first acceleration sensor 800 and a data processor 500; the high-speed camera 300 and the data collector 400 are both connected to the data processor 500.
In some embodiments, a motor is connected to the lifting wheel, the motor rotating the lifting wheel, thereby causing the lifting rope wound around the lifting wheel to drive the electromagnetic lock to ascend or descend; when needs make first pouring weight rise, the electromagnetic lock is connected with first pouring weight, then drives the lifting wheel through the motor, and then makes the electromagnetic lock rise through the lifting rope, and first pouring weight just can rise like this.
When the first weight is required to be freely lowered, the electromagnetic lock is de-energized, the first weight is separated from the electromagnetic lock, lowered along the guide bracket 220 and lowered toward the first drop weight platform 110.
The height camera monitors the photographing so as to capture the vertical displacement change of the first falling weight platform 110, the first acceleration sensor 800 on the first falling weight platform 110 can obtain the acceleration of the first falling weight platform 110, and complete the signal conversion through the data collector 400 and transmit the signal to the data processor 500.
The data processor 500 includes a computer main body to which the data collector 400 is connected through a data line, and a display to which the computer main body is displayed through a data analysis mechanism.
In order to facilitate the comparative drop weight experiment, the drop weight system further comprises a second weight, the second weight is arranged on the guide bracket 220, can be connected with the electromagnetic lock, and can move along the vertical direction of the guide bracket 220;
the test platform further comprises a second test assembly, wherein the second test assembly comprises a second weight platform 130 and a second support spring 140 arranged at the lower end of the second weight platform 130;
the data acquisition system further comprises a second acceleration sensor 900 arranged at the lower end of the second falling weight platform 130, and the second acceleration sensor 900 is connected with the data acquisition unit 400.
In order to avoid the first drop weight platform 110 and the second drop weight platform 130 from affecting each other during the experiment, the test device further comprises an elastic partition plate 600, and the elastic partition plate 600 is arranged between the first test assembly and the second test assembly.
In order to accurately acquire the particle size change information of the product, the first falling weight platform 110 and the second falling weight platform 130 are double stations, and an elastic partition plate 600 is arranged between the double-station falling weight testing devices to separate broken product fragments of samples on two sides.
In order to avoid the influence of the falling weight experiment on the outside, the protection cover 100 is also included; the protective cover 100 covers the outside of the experimental device main body.
Referring to fig. 2, further, the guide bracket 220 includes at least three guide rods, and the guide rods are vertically disposed on the base platform 200;
the first weight includes a first connecting rod 160, a first weight body 150, and a first guide plate 170 provided on the guide rod; a first guide hole is formed in the first guide plate 170 at a position corresponding to the guide bar; one end of the first connecting rod 160 is connected to the first weight body 150, and the other end is connected to the first guide plate 170;
the second block includes a second connecting rod 190, a second block body 210, and a second guide plate 180 provided on the guide rod; a second guide hole is formed in the second guide plate 180 at a position corresponding to the guide bar; one end of the second connecting rod 190 is connected to the second block body 210, and the other end is connected to the second guide plate 180; and the second guide plate 180 is disposed above the first guide plate 170, and the first weight body 150 and the second weight body 210 are positioned on the same plane by the height adjustment of the first connecting rod 160 and the second connecting rod 190.
Optionally, the first connecting rod 160 includes a first front connecting arm 161, a first height adjusting rod 162 and a first rear connecting arm 163 sequentially connected, and the first height adjusting rod 162 is vertically disposed;
the second connecting rod 190 comprises a second connecting front arm 191, a second height adjusting rod 192 and a second connecting rear arm 193 which are sequentially connected, and the second height adjusting rod 192 is vertically arranged;
the first weight main body 150 and the second weight main body 210 are located on the same plane by the cooperation of the first height adjustment rod 162 and the second height adjustment rod 192.
The first and second weights can use the same guide bracket 220, the first and second guide plates 170 and 180 are provided on the same guide bracket 220, but a height difference exists between the first and second guide plates 170 and 180 to prevent the first and second guide plates 170 and 180 from interfering with each other during the experiment; meanwhile, in order to lower the first and second weights simultaneously, the height difference between the first height adjustment rod 162 and the second height adjustment rod 192 is adjusted, so that the first and second weights are located at the same height.
Referring to fig. 3, the invention further provides an experimental method applied to the experimental device for testing the mutability of the fragmentability of the steel slag particles, and the experimental method comprises the following steps:
s1: sucking the falling weight system by using an electromagnetic lock, rotating a lifting wheel by using a motor so as to lift the falling weight system to a preset height, and then placing the material to be tested 700 on a first falling weight platform 110 of the testing platform;
s2: the electromagnetic lock is powered off and releases the weight dropping system, so that the weight dropping system vertically moves downwards under the action of the guide system and finally drops on the test platform; when the electromagnetic lock is powered off, the high-speed camera 300 and the first acceleration sensor 800 in the data acquisition system are triggered at the same time; the high-speed camera 300 obtains the displacement of the first falling weight platform 110 by respectively shooting the first falling weight platform 110, and the first acceleration sensor 800 is used for obtaining the acceleration of the first falling weight platform 110;
s3: if the material to be tested 700 is not crushed, recording the acceleration of the first falling weight platform 110;
if the material 700 to be tested is broken, repeating the process of using the same material 700 to be tested and changing the prefabricated height of the falling weight system for a plurality of times, and concluding the relationship between the energy and the particle size distribution.
If the material 700 to be tested is not crushed, the crushed material generated by the first weight is nearly transmitted to the first falling weight platform 110 without damage by taking a single material as a coal medium; taking the displacement or acceleration of the falling weight platform as a main basis for analyzing and judging the fragmentality and the mutability of the material 700 to be tested; the material 700 to be tested is generally steel slag particles, when the iron content in the steel slag particles reaches a certain degree, the falling weight system is released at a preset height, the steel slag particles cannot be broken, but the acceleration or displacement is continuously increased due to the increase of the iron content of the steel slag particles.
When the material 700 to be tested is crushed, the same material 700 to be tested is utilized, the falling weight system is lifted to different heights so that the falling weight system generates different crushing forces, a selection function with energy as a variable and a mathematical model of a crushing function are obtained, and the crushing behavior of steel slag particles is disclosed.
Further, the crushing force absorbed during the crushing or deformation of the material to be tested 700 is
Fbreak＝Fdrop-Fspring-(m1+m2+m3)a；
Wherein: fbreakRepresenting the crushing force absorbed during crushing or deformation of the material 700 to be tested; fdropRepresenting the breaking force generated by the falling of the weight block; fspringThe elastic force of the supporting spring is shown when the falling platform descends; m is1Representing the mass of the drop weight platform; m is2Represents the mass of the material 700 to be tested; m is3Is the mass of the weight; a represents the overall acceleration of the drop weight platform and the material 700 to be tested.
The breaking force generated by the falling weight can be calculated, and the breaking force generated by the first weight can be calculated because the height of the falling weight system and the mass of the first weight are known; the descending displacement of the first drop weight platform 110 can be obtained by the high speed camera 300, the elastic coefficient k of the support spring is known, and the elastic force can be calculated; the mass of the first weight, the mass of the material to be tested 700 and the mass of the first drop weight platform 110 are known, and the acceleration is measured by the first acceleration sensor 800; thus, the crushing force absorbed in the crushing or deformation process of the material to be tested 700 can be calculated by the company.
Referring to FIG. 6, Fdrop-Fbreak-Fspring＝FCombination of Chinese herbs＝(m1+m2+m3) a, transforming to obtain Fbreak＝Fdrop-Fspring-(m1+m2+m3)a；
Further, in step S1, the material to be tested 700 is a sample after being cut and ground and analyzed for material properties.
Firstly, cutting and grinding a material to be tested 700 to prepare a sample, and analyzing the material property; the size and the shape of the cut and ground sample keep consistent, so that the experimental error caused by the material contour dimension difference and the contact strip change between the material and the experimental device in the subsequent falling weight experiment can be reduced, and the accuracy of the comparison experimental result is improved.
Further, the material property analysis of the material to be tested 700 includes determining the phase composition and the distribution relation of slag, iron and other oxide impurities in the steel slag by using an X-ray diffractometer, a scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum analysis, and testing the relative contents of the slag and the iron by using a multi-element analysis and chemical phase method.
Referring to fig. 4, further, the falling weight system of the experimental apparatus for testing the mutability of the crushability of steel slag particles further includes a second weight which is disposed on the guide bracket 220, can be connected with the electromagnetic lock, and can move along a vertical direction of the guide bracket 220; the test platform further comprises a second test assembly, wherein the second test assembly comprises a second weight platform 130 and a second support spring 140 arranged at the lower end of the second weight platform 130; the data acquisition system further comprises a second acceleration sensor 900 arranged at the lower end of the second falling weight platform 130, and the second acceleration sensor 900 is connected with the data acquisition unit 400; the method also comprises the step of determining the mutability of the crushability of the iron-containing steel slag, which comprises the following steps:
placing pure steel slag material particles at the first falling weight platform 110, carrying out a comparison falling weight experiment of the no-load condition on the second falling weight platform 130 and the pure steel slag material particles, and analyzing energy required by the crushing process of the pure steel slag material particles according to the data difference of the crushing process;
carrying out a comparative falling weight experiment of the no-load condition and the massive pure iron particles, and analyzing the energy required by the deformation process of the massive pure iron;
and carrying out a comparative weight loss experiment on the pure steel slag material particles and the slag iron mixture particles, and further verifying the difference between the energy required by the pure steel slag material particle crushing process and the energy required by the slag iron mixture deformation process.
Referring to fig. 5, during the deformation and breakage of the particles of the material 700 to be tested, the impact energy of the first weight is loaded on the particles of the material 700 to be tested, and the energy is utilized in a mode of extrusion deformation of metal iron, new surface for crack formation caused by particle fracture, acousto-optic heat dissipation and the like. The remaining impact energy acts on the first falling weight platform 110 after being transferred and converted by taking the material to be tested 700 as a medium, and the falling weight platform moves downward integrally at a certain acceleration after overcoming the elastic acting force of the supporting spring. The acceleration is influenced by parameters such as impact force, the absorption energy of material crushing deformation, the falling weight test platform, the material mass, the supporting spring stiffness and the like, and the crushability mutability and the reaction force of the crushability mutability caused by the material property difference can be calculated on the basis of completely testing the data of the crushing process.
Due to the fact that energy loss and transfer efficiency caused by the massive metal iron are different, the influence rule of the fragmentability mutation caused by the metal iron can be obtained through a double-station comparison experiment. The action rule of the steel slag particle crushability mutation is revealed from the aspects of energy transfer conversion efficiency and crushed product characteristics by combining the particle size distribution of crushed products and the deformation degree of the massive metal iron.
According to the particle size of the material to be crushed, the material is divided into the following 5 standard size fraction intervals: 53-63mm, 37.5-45mm, 26.5-31.5mm, 19-22.4mm and 13.2-16 mm. And 3 impact specific energy consumption values are respectively set for each size fraction interval according to a standard falling weight experiment and are used for setting the weight mass and the weight lifting height. Summarizing the relation between the impact specific energy consumption and the particle size distribution of the crushed product, selecting a t10 particle size range (namely the yield of particle size fraction of the crushed product with the particle size less than one tenth of the feeding particle size) as a screening weighing sampling point of the particle size of the crushed product, and establishing a relational equation of impact crushing parameters A, b and t10 and specific crushing energy ECS (namely the impact kinetic energy received by unit mass of material):
t10＝A[1-exp(-bEcs)]
for slag iron particles containing bulk metallic iron, a key influencing factor β characterizing the action of the non-fragmentable matter is extracted and introduced as a function variable into the t10 equation. And establishing a mathematical relation equation representing the particle size distribution of the product and the impact specific energy consumption in the crushing process of the steel slag particles by means of Matlab software programming and an Origin software cubic spline interpolation function fitting mathematical method, and obtaining related crushing characteristic parameters of the slag-iron mixture through an impact test. On the basis of impact test data, a calculation and fitting method of a selection function S (selection) and a crushing function B (Breakage) of a key influence factor beta of slag iron particles is constructed, and a specific form of a mathematical equation for clearly describing the steel slag crushability mutation caused by non-crushable substances is defined.
The double-station comparison experiment design is combined with a multi-type data analysis and image processing system, so that the crushing behavior of the iron-containing heterogeneous material particles can be effectively tested, and especially, the energy consumption of ductile deformation of metal iron in the testing process and the sensitivity of an uncrushable object to the reaction force of a working mechanism are improved.
According to the energy change relation between the particle size distribution of the crushed product and the crushing process, the invention generalizes and fits the result data with a selection function and a crushing function mathematical model which take energy as a variable, and discloses the crushing behavior of the steel slag particles, thereby realizing the mathematical description of the crushing process of the iron-containing steel slag.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. An experimental device for testing the mutability of the fragmentable performance of steel slag particles is characterized by comprising a data acquisition system, a base platform (200), a scale (230) arranged on the base platform (200) and an experimental device main body; the experimental device main body comprises a guide system, a weight dropping system and a test platform;
the guide system comprises a guide bracket (220), a motor, a lifting wheel, a lifting rope and an electromagnetic lock; the motor is arranged at the upper end of the guide bracket (220), the lifting wheel is arranged on the motor, the lifting rope is wound on the lifting wheel, and the electromagnetic lock is arranged at the free end of the lifting wheel; and the guide bracket (220) is disposed on the base platform (200);
the falling weight system comprises a first weight which is arranged on the guide bracket (220), can be connected with the electromagnetic lock and can move along the vertical direction of the guide bracket (220);
the test platform comprises a first test component arranged below the first weight;
the first test assembly comprises a first weight platform (110) and a first supporting spring (120) arranged at the lower end of the first weight platform (110);
the data acquisition system comprises a high-speed camera (300), a first acceleration sensor (800) arranged at the lower end of the first falling weight platform (110), a data acquisition unit (400) connected with the first acceleration sensor (800) and a data processor (500);
the high-speed camera (300) and the data collector (400) are both connected with the data processor (500).
2. The experimental apparatus for testing the mutability of steel slag particles according to claim 1, wherein the falling weight system further comprises a second weight, the second weight is disposed on the guide bracket (220) and can be connected with the electromagnetic lock, and can move along the vertical direction of the guide bracket (220);
the test platform further comprises a second test assembly, and the second test assembly comprises a second weight dropping platform (130) and a second support spring (140) arranged at the lower end of the second weight dropping platform (130);
the data acquisition system further comprises a second acceleration sensor (900) arranged at the lower end of the second falling weight platform (130), and the second acceleration sensor (900) is connected with the data acquisition unit (400).
3. The experimental apparatus for testing the mutability of the steel slag particles according to claim 2, further comprising an elastic partition plate (600), wherein the elastic partition plate (600) is arranged between the first testing component and the second testing component.
4. The experimental facility for testing the mutability of the crumbliness of steel slag particles as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a protective cover (100); the protective cover (100) covers the outside of the experimental device main body.
5. The experimental device for testing the mutability of the steel slag particles according to claim 2, wherein the guide bracket (220) comprises at least three guide rods, and the guide rods are vertically arranged on the base platform (200);
the first weight includes a first connecting rod (160), a first weight body (150), and a first guide plate (170) provided on the guide rod; a first guide hole is formed in the first guide plate (170) at a position corresponding to the guide rod; one end of the first connecting rod (160) is connected with the first weight main body (150), and the other end of the first connecting rod is connected with the first guide plate (170);
the second block includes a second connecting rod (190), a second block body (210), and a second guide plate (180) provided on the guide rod; a second guide hole is formed in the second guide plate (180) at a position corresponding to the guide rod; one end of the second connecting rod (190) is connected with the second block body (210), and the other end is connected with the second guide plate (180); and the second guide plate (180) is disposed above the first guide plate (170), and the first weight body (150) and the second weight body (210) are located on the same plane by the height adjustment of the first connecting rod (160) and the second connecting rod (190).
6. The experimental device for testing the mutability of the steel slag particles according to claim 5, wherein the first connecting rod (160) comprises a first front connecting arm (161), a first height adjusting rod (162) and a first rear connecting arm (163) which are connected in sequence, and the first height adjusting rod (162) is vertically arranged;
the second connecting rod (190) comprises a second connecting front arm (191), a second height adjusting rod (192) and a second connecting rear arm (193) which are sequentially connected, and the second height adjusting rod (192) is vertically arranged;
the first weight main body (150) and the second weight main body (210) are positioned on the same plane through the matching of the first height adjusting rod (162) and the second height adjusting rod (192).
7. An experimental method applied to the experimental device for testing the mutability of the crumbliness of the steel slag particles as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the experimental method comprises the following steps:
s1: sucking the falling weight system by using an electromagnetic lock, rotating a lifting wheel by using a motor so as to lift the falling weight system to a preset height, and then placing the material (700) to be tested on a first falling weight platform (110) of the test platform;
s2: the electromagnetic lock is powered off and releases the weight dropping system, so that the weight dropping system vertically moves downwards under the action of the guide system and finally drops on the test platform; when the electromagnetic lock is powered off, a high-speed camera (300) and a first acceleration sensor (800) in the data acquisition system are triggered simultaneously; the high-speed camera (300) obtains the displacement of the first falling weight platform (110) by respectively shooting the first falling weight platform (110), and the first acceleration sensor (800) is used for obtaining the acceleration of the first falling weight platform (110);
s3: if the material (700) to be tested is not crushed, recording the acceleration of the first falling weight platform (110);
if the material to be tested (700) is broken, repeating the steps of using the same material to be tested (700) and changing the prefabricated height of the falling weight system for many times, and summarizing to form the relation between energy and particle size distribution.
8. The experimental method according to claim 7, characterized in that the crushing force absorbed during crushing or deformation of the material to be tested (700) is:
Fbreak＝Fdrop-Fspring-(m1+m2+m3)a；
wherein: fbreakRepresenting the crushing force absorbed during crushing or deformation of the material (700) to be tested; fdropRepresenting the breaking force generated by the falling of the weight block; fspringThe elastic force of the supporting spring is shown when the falling platform descends; m is1Representing the mass of the drop weight platform; m is2Representing the mass of the material (700) to be tested; m is3Is the mass of the weight; a represents the overall acceleration of the drop weight platform and the material (700) to be tested.
9. The assay method according to claim 8, wherein in step S1, the material to be tested (700) is a sample which is cut and milled and analyzed for material properties.
10. The experimental method according to claim 8, wherein the material property analysis of the material to be tested (700) comprises determining the phase composition and distribution relationship of slag, iron and oxide impurities in the steel slag by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum analysis, and testing the relative contents of slag and iron by multi-element analysis and chemical phase method.
11. The experimental method according to claim 7, wherein the falling weight system of the experimental apparatus for testing the mutability of the crushability of steel slag particles further comprises a second weight which is provided on the guide bracket (220) and can be connected with the electromagnetic lock and can move in a vertical direction of the guide bracket (220); the test platform further comprises a second test assembly, and the second test assembly comprises a second weight dropping platform (130) and a second support spring (140) arranged at the lower end of the second weight dropping platform (130); the data acquisition system further comprises a second acceleration sensor (900) arranged at the lower end of the second falling weight platform (130), and the second acceleration sensor (900) is connected with the data acquisition unit (400);
the method also comprises the step of determining the mutability of the crushability of the iron-containing steel slag, which comprises the following steps:
placing pure steel slag material particles at the side of the first falling platform (110), carrying out comparison falling experiment when the second falling platform (130) is empty, and analyzing the energy required by the crushing process of the pure steel slag material particles according to the data difference of the crushing process;
placing blocky pure iron particles on the first falling platform (110), carrying out no-load on the second falling platform (130), carrying out a comparative falling experiment, and analyzing energy required by the deformation process of the blocky pure iron;
and carrying out a comparative weight loss experiment on the pure steel slag material particles and the slag iron mixture particles, and verifying the difference between the energy required by the crushing process of the pure steel slag material particles and the energy required by the deformation process of the slag iron mixture.
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