CN113639917A - Device and method for determining bolt tightening torque - Google Patents
Device and method for determining bolt tightening torque Download PDFInfo
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- CN113639917A CN113639917A CN202110810619.9A CN202110810619A CN113639917A CN 113639917 A CN113639917 A CN 113639917A CN 202110810619 A CN202110810619 A CN 202110810619A CN 113639917 A CN113639917 A CN 113639917A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for determining bolt tightening torque, and aims to solve the technical problems that the torque is not matched with the actual performance of parts easily and the connection quality of a bolt is unstable in the prior art. The method specifically comprises the following steps: obtaining the axial external load F of the bolt connection at the connecting partzAnd tangential external load Fq(ii) a According to axial external load FzAnd tangential external load FqCalculating and determining the minimum pre-tightening force F required by the bolt connectionk(ii) a According to the parameter information of the used bolt and the connected piece, calculating and determining the maximum limit value F of the connection pretightening force of the bolt at the connecting partpm(ii) a And determining the use safety factor of the pretightening force according to the control precision of a screwing tool used in an assembly field and the requirement of connection safety. By providing the device and the method for determining the bolt tightening torque, the invention can realize accurate and effective determination of the bolt tightening torque and improve the quality and reliability of bolt connection assembly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for determining bolt tightening torque, and belongs to the field of bolt connection.
Background
The bolt connection has the characteristics of low price, strong interchangeability, convenient disassembly and assembly and the like, and is one of the most common connection modes of engineering machinery products. Controlling the tightening torque is the most common means for assembling bolts in construction machinery. Whether the tightening torque is selected properly or not is crucial to the bolted connection, and the quality and reliability of the bolted connection are directly affected.
At present, in the engineering machinery industry, the tightening torque for bolt assembly is mainly determined based on national standards or technical standards, and the tightening torque is the same no matter what product, which part and part performance are, and the bolt grade and specification are the same. The method does not consider the influence of factors such as the performance, the quality state, the working condition load and the like of the bolt and the part, and easily causes the problems of mismatching of the moment and the actual performance of the part, unstable bolt connection quality and the like. In order to more effectively perform pre-tightening on bolt connection, improve quality in an assembling process and reliability of bolt connection and reduce probability of bolt connection failure, a bolt tightening torque determining device and a bolt tightening torque determining method are provided to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a device and a method for determining bolt tightening torque, and solves the technical problems that the torque is not matched with the actual performance of parts, the bolt connection quality is unstable and the like easily occur in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for determining a bolt tightening torque, including the steps of:
obtaining the axial external load F of the bolt connection at the connecting partzAnd tangential external load Fq；
According to axial external load FzAnd tangential external load FqCalculating and determining the minimum pre-tightening force F required by the bolt connectionk；
According to the parameter information of the used bolt and the connected piece, calculating and determining the maximum limit value F of the connection pretightening force of the bolt at the connecting partpm；
Determining the use safety factor of the pretightening force according to the control precision of a screwing tool used in an assembly field and the requirement of connection safety;
combined minimum pretension force FkMaximum limit value F of pretightening forcepmAnd the use safety coefficient of the pretightening force is used to determine the pretightening force F of the bolt connectionpThe target range of (1);
according to the bolt connection pretightening force FpDetermines the range of tightening torques T employed for bolt assembly.
Further, the minimum pre-tightening force FkThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Fk＝Fkc+Fka
in the formula: fkcMinimum clamping force, F, required for the non-separation and non-slip of the connected partskaIs an additional force.
Further, said minimum clamping force F is such that when the bolt connection is subjected to an axially external loadkcComprises the following steps:
Fkc＝Fz
said minimum clamping force F being applied when the bolted connection is subjected to a tangential external loadkcComprises the following steps:
Fkc＝Fq/μt
said minimum clamping force F being applied when the bolted connection is subjected to both axial and tangential external loadskcComprises the following steps:
Fkc＝max(Fz，Fq/μt)
in the formula: mu.stThe coefficient of static friction of the contact surface between the connected pieces;
said additional force FkaThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula: k is a radical oflIs the stiffness of the bolt; k is a radical ofbIs the stiffness of the connected member.
Further, the maximum limit value F of the pretightening forcepmThe determination method of (2) is as follows:
calculating and determining the maximum pre-tightening force F bearable by the bolt according to the parameter information of the boltf：
In the formula: sigmayIs the yield strength of the bolt; a. thesIs the stress sectional area of the thread; dAsThe diameter of the thread stress sectional area corresponding to the equivalent circular section; p is the pitch; mu.sthIs the thread friction coefficient; d2The pitch diameter of the thread;
according to the parameters of the mechanical property and the like of the connected piece, the maximum pre-tightening force F which can be borne by the connected piece is calculated and determinedpg：
Fpg＝PGAp
In the formula: pGThe critical stress is the non-crushing critical stress of the surface of the connected piece; a. thepThe contact area of the bolt or the nut and the surface of the connected piece is defined;
comparison FfAnd FpgTaking the small value of the two as the maximum limit value F of the bolt connection pretightening force of the partpmNamely:
Fpm＝min(Ff，Fpg)。
further, the bolt connection pretightening force FpThe target ranges of (a) are:
ηxFk＜Fp＜ηsFpm
in the formula: etaxThe lower limit safety coefficient of the pre-tightening force is set; etasThe upper limit safety coefficient of the pre-tightening force is set.
Further, the tightening torque T ranges;
in the formula: mu.skmaxCoefficient of friction mu of contact end face of bolt and connected piecekMaximum value of (d), mukminCoefficient of friction mu of contact end face of bolt and connected piecekMinimum value of (d); dkThe effective diameter of the contact end surface of the bolt and the connected piece; fpmaxIs a pre-tightening force FpMaximum value of (d); fpminIs a pre-tightening force FpMinimum value of (d); p is the pitch; mu.sthmaxIs the coefficient of thread friction muthMaximum value of (d), muthminIs the coefficient of thread friction muthIs measured.
Further, acquiring the axial external load F of the bolted connection of the connecting part by establishing a finite element analysis model of the connecting partzAnd tangential external load Fq。
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a bolt tightening torque determination apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
an external load acquisition module for acquiring the axial external load F of the bolt connection at the connection partzAnd tangential external load Fq；
A minimum pre-tightening force determination module for determining the axial external load FzAnd tangential external load FqCalculating and determining the minimum pre-tightening force F required by the bolt connectionk；
A maximum limit value determining module of the pretightening force, which is used for calculating and determining the maximum limit value F of the connection pretightening force of the bolt at the connection part according to the parameter information of the used bolt and the connected piecepm；
The pretightening force application safety coefficient determining module is used for determining the pretightening force application safety coefficient according to the control precision of a screwing tool used in an assembly field and the requirement of connection safety;
a pre-tightening force target range determination module for synthesizing the minimum pre-tightening force FkMaximum limit value F of pretightening forcepmAnd the use safety coefficient of the pretightening force is used to determine the pretightening force F of the bolt connectionpThe target range of (1);
a tightening torque range determination module for determining a tightening torque range according to the bolt connection pre-tightening force FpDetermines the range of tightening torques T employed for bolt assembly.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a device for determining bolt tightening torque, including a processor and a storage medium;
the storage medium is used for storing instructions;
the processor is configured to operate in accordance with the instructions to perform the steps of the method according to any of the above.
In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of any of the methods described above.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the device and the method for determining the bolt tightening torque, the bolt tightening torque can be accurately and effectively determined, the connection and assembly quality and reliability of the bolt are improved, the influence of factors such as load, performance and quality of the bolt and a connected piece on the tightening torque is comprehensively considered, the determined tightening torque is higher in matching degree with the actual performance of parts, more accurate and reliable, and the problems of loosening failure, bolt fracture or damage of the connected piece and the like are not easy to occur; in addition, the tightening torque is given, and meanwhile, the pre-tightening force is given, so that the comprehensive control of the assembling quality is facilitated; and the invention has the function of checking at the same time, can reduce the possibility of improper design, reduce the production process loss and after-sale cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for determining a bolt tightening torque according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the engineering machinery industry, the tightening torque for bolt assembly is mainly determined based on national standards or technical standards, and the tightening torque is the same no matter what products, which parts and parts have the same performance, and the tightening torque is the same when the grades and specifications of the bolts are the same, so that the technical problems of mismatching between the torque and the actual performance of parts, unstable bolt connection quality and the like are easy to occur. The present invention is generally based on part performance and load, and is described further below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the invention relates to a method for determining bolt tightening torque, which comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a finite element analysis model of a connecting part, constraining and loading the established model according to the actual condition of the connecting part, then carrying out simulation calculation, extracting the stress condition of each bolt connection of the connecting part by utilizing a post-processing program of software after the simulation calculation is finished, and acquiring the outward load F of the bolt connection shaft of the connecting partzAnd tangential external load FqThe magnitude of (d);
(2) according to the stress condition of the connecting part obtained by finite element analysis, calculating and determining the minimum pretightening force F required by bolt connectionk，FkThe calculation method of (2) is as follows:
calculating the minimum clamping force F required for preventing the connected parts from separating and slidingkc，FkcThe calculation method is related to the stress condition of the bolt connection, and the specific calculation method is as follows:
when the bolted connection is subjected to an axial external load FzWhen in use:
Fkc＝Fz
when the bolted connection is subjected to a tangential external load FqWhen in use:
Fkc＝Fq/μt
in the formula: mu.st-coefficient of static friction of the contact surfaces between the connected pieces.
When bolted together under an axially external load FzAnd tangential external load FqWhen in use:
Fkc＝max(Fz，Fq/μt)
② determining additional force FkaThe size of (2):
when an external load acts on the pre-tightened connected piece, the bolt and the connected piece can elastically deform, the clamping force on the connected piece can be reduced, and if the reduced clamping force cannot balance the external load on the connected piece, the connection work is realizedCan fail. In order to avoid this, an additional force F is addedkaTo compensate for the loss of clamping force on the connected member. Additional force FkaThe determination method comprises the following steps:
in the formula: k is a radical ofl-the rigidity of the bolt; k is a radical ofbThe rigidity of the connected member (the rigidity of the bolt and the connected member can be obtained by theoretical calculation or experiment, and the detailed description is given in the publication and thus will not be described in detail).
Thirdly, according to the analysis results of the first step and the second step, the minimum pretightening force F required by the bolt connection failure is determinedk：
Fk＝Fkc+Fka
(3) According to the information of the performance, parameters and the like of the used bolt and the connected piece, calculating and determining the maximum limit value F of the bolt connection pretightening force of the partpm。FpmThe determination method of (2) is as follows:
firstly, parameters such as specification size, mechanical property, thread friction coefficient and the like of the bolt are determined by means of measurement, standard checking and the like, and the maximum pretightening force F borne by the bolt is calculated and determinedf：
In the formula: sigmay-the yield strength of the bolt; a. thes-the stress cross-sectional area of the thread; dAs-the stress cross-sectional area of the thread corresponds to the diameter of the equivalent circular cross-section; p is the pitch; mu.sth-thread coefficient of friction; d2-pitch diameter of the thread.
Secondly, the maximum pressure stress which can be borne when the surface of the connected piece is not crushed is determined by means of test, data checking and the like, the contact area of the bolt (or the nut) and the surface of the connected piece is calculated, and the maximum pre-stress which can be borne by the connected piece is determined by the following formulaTension Fpg：
Fpg＝PGAp
In the formula: pGCritical stress at which the surface of the joined piece does not collapse; a. thepThe contact area of the bolt or nut with the surface of the connected piece.
③ comparison FfAnd FpgAnd taking the small value of the two as the maximum limit value of the bolt connection pretightening force of the part, namely:
Fpm＝min(Ff，Fpg)
(4) and determining the pre-tightening force safety coefficient according to the control precision and connection safety requirements of tools used in a production field. The allowable range and the safety factor of the pre-tightening force are integrated, and the pre-tightening force F of the bolt connection is determinedpThe target range of (1).
ηxFk＜Fp＜ηsFpm
In the formula: etax-a pre-tightening force lower limit safety factor; etas-pre-tightening force upper limit safety factor.
The pre-tightening force safety coefficient comprises a lower limit safety coefficient etaxAnd upper limit safety factor etasGenerally, the two are in reciprocal relation, and the safety coefficient is selected according to the precision of the assembly tool, the design safety margin and the like.
When the range determined by the above formula is larger, a section can be further cut out from the range determined by the above formula to be used as pretightening force F during bolt assemblypThe target range of (1). If eta is found by calculationsFpm＜ηxFkThe method has the advantages that the existing design can not meet the requirements, the problem of connection failure is easy to occur, and the method can be improved by means of increasing the number of bolts, improving the grade of the bolts or increasing the size of the bolts and the like. If an improvement means of increasing the number of bolts is adopted, the design calculation needs to be carried out again according to the method; if improved means of increasing the size or grade of the bolt are used, the additional force F required can be determined from step (2)kaThe value of (a) starts to re-perform the design calculation. If it is FpThe range of (A) was not problematic, and the next step was carried out directly.
(5) According to the pretightening force F determined in the step (4)pThe range of tightening torque T used for bolt assembling is determined based on the relationship between the tightening torque and the pretension, and the range of tightening torque T is determined by the following formula:
in the formula: mu.skmaxCoefficient of friction mu of contact end face of bolt and connected piecekMaximum value of (d), mukminCoefficient of friction mu of contact end face of bolt and connected piecekMinimum value of (d); dkThe effective diameter of the contact end surface of the bolt and the connected piece; fpmaxIs a pre-tightening force FpMaximum value of (d); fpminIs a pre-tightening force FpMinimum value of (d); p is the pitch; mu.sthmaxIs the coefficient of thread friction muthMaximum value of (d), muthminIs the coefficient of thread friction muthIs measured.
And the design of the bolt tightening torque is finished, and the determination of the assembly process parameters and the monitoring of the quality of the assembly process are carried out according to the design conclusion.
Example two:
the second embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for determining a bolt tightening torque, including:
an external load acquisition module for acquiring the axial external load F of the bolt connection at the connection partzAnd tangential external load Fq；
A minimum pre-tightening force determination module for determining the axial external load FzAnd tangential external load FqCalculating and determining the minimum pre-tightening force F required by the bolt connectionk；
A pretightening force maximum limit value determining module for calculating and determining the connection according to the parameter information of the used bolt and the connected pieceMaximum limit value F of bolt connection pretightening forcepm；
The pretightening force application safety coefficient determining module is used for determining the pretightening force application safety coefficient according to the control precision of a screwing tool used in an assembly field and the requirement of connection safety;
a pre-tightening force target range determination module for synthesizing the minimum pre-tightening force FkMaximum limit value F of pretightening forcepmAnd the use safety coefficient of the pretightening force is used to determine the pretightening force F of the bolt connectionpThe target range of (1);
a tightening torque range determination module for determining a tightening torque range according to the bolt connection pre-tightening force FpDetermines the range of tightening torques T employed for bolt assembly.
Example three:
the third embodiment of the invention also provides a device for determining the bolt tightening torque, which comprises a processor and a storage medium;
a storage medium to store instructions;
the processor is configured to operate in accordance with instructions to perform steps according to any one of the methods described above.
Example four:
a fourth embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of any one of the methods described above.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for determining bolt tightening torque is characterized by comprising the following steps:
obtaining the axial external load F of the bolt connection at the connecting partzAnd tangential external load Fq；
According to axial external load FzAnd tangential external load FqCalculating and determining the minimum pre-tightening force F required by the bolt connectionk；
According to the parameter information of the used bolt and the connected piece, calculating and determining the maximum limit value F of the connection pretightening force of the bolt at the connecting partpm；
Determining the use safety factor of the pretightening force according to the control precision of a screwing tool used in an assembly field and the requirement of connection safety;
combined minimum pretension force FkMaximum limit value F of pretightening forcepmAnd the use safety coefficient of the pretightening force is used to determine the pretightening force F of the bolt connectionpThe target range of (1);
according to the bolt connection pretightening force FpDetermines the range of tightening torques T employed for bolt assembly.
2. The method for determining a tightening torque of a bolt according to claim 1, wherein the minimum pre-tightening force FkThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Fk＝Fkc+Fka
in the formula: fkcMinimum clamping force, F, required for the non-separation and non-slip of the connected partskaIs an additional force.
3. The method of determining a bolt tightening torque according to claim 2,
said minimum clamping force F being applied when the bolted connection is subjected to an axially external loadkcComprises the following steps:
Fkc＝FZ
said minimum clamping force F being applied when the bolted connection is subjected to a tangential external loadkcComprises the following steps:
Fkc＝Fq/μt
said minimum clamping force F being applied when the bolted connection is subjected to both axial and tangential external loadskcComprises the following steps:
Fkc＝max(Fz，Fq/μt)
in the formula: mu.stThe coefficient of static friction of the contact surface between the connected pieces;
said additional force FkaThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula: k is a radical oflIs the stiffness of the bolt; k is a radical ofbIs the stiffness of the connected member.
4. A method of determining bolt tightening torque according to claim 1, wherein the maximum pre-tightening force limit F ispmThe determination method of (2) is as follows:
calculating and determining the maximum pre-tightening force F bearable by the bolt according to the parameter information of the boltf：
In the formula: sigmayIs the yield strength of the bolt; a. thesIs the stress sectional area of the thread; dAsThe diameter of the thread stress sectional area corresponding to the equivalent circular section; p is the pitch; mu.sthIs the thread friction coefficient; d2The pitch diameter of the thread;
according to the parameters of the mechanical property and the like of the connected piece, the maximum pre-tightening force F which can be borne by the connected piece is calculated and determinedpg：
Fpg＝PGAp
In the formula: pGThe critical stress is the non-crushing critical stress of the surface of the connected piece; a. thepThe contact area of the bolt or the nut and the surface of the connected piece is defined;
comparison FfAnd FpgTaking the small value of the two as the maximum limit value F of the bolt connection pretightening force of the partpmNamely:
Fpm＝min(Ff，Fpg)。
5. the method for determining a tightening torque of a bolt according to claim 1, wherein the tightening force F of the bolt connection ispThe target ranges of (a) are:
ηxFk＜Fp＜ηSFpm
in the formula: etaxThe lower limit safety coefficient of the pre-tightening force is set; etasThe upper limit safety coefficient of the pre-tightening force is set.
6. The method of determining a bolt tightening torque according to claim 1, wherein the tightening torque T is in a range;
in the formula: mu.skmaxCoefficient of friction mu of contact end face of bolt and connected piecekMaximum value of (d), mukminCoefficient of friction mu of contact end face of bolt and connected piecekMinimum value of (d); dkThe effective diameter of the contact end surface of the bolt and the connected piece; fpmaxIs a pre-tightening force FpMaximum value of (d); fpminIs a pre-tightening force FpMinimum value of (d); p is the pitch; mu.sthmaxIs the coefficient of thread friction muthMaximum value of (d), muthminIs the coefficient of thread friction muthIs measured.
7. The method for determining a tightening torque of a bolt according to claim 1, wherein the axial external load F of the bolted connection at the connection portion is obtained by establishing a finite element analysis model of the connection portionzAnd tangential external load Fq。
8. A device for determining bolt tightening torque, the device comprising:
an external load acquisition module for acquiring the axial external load F of the bolt connection at the connection partzAnd tangential external load Fq；
A minimum pre-tightening force determination module for determining the axial external load FzAnd tangential external load FqCalculating and determining the minimum pre-tightening force F required by the bolt connectionk；
A maximum limit value determining module of the pretightening force, which is used for calculating and determining the maximum limit value F of the connection pretightening force of the bolt at the connection part according to the parameter information of the used bolt and the connected piecepm；
The pretightening force application safety coefficient determining module is used for determining the pretightening force application safety coefficient according to the control precision of a screwing tool used in an assembly field and the requirement of connection safety;
a pre-tightening force target range determination module for synthesizing the minimum pre-tightening force FkMaximum limit value F of pretightening forcepmAnd the use safety coefficient of the pretightening force is used to determine the pretightening force F of the bolt connectionpThe target range of (1);
a tightening torque range determination module for determining a tightening torque range according to the bolt connection pre-tightening force FpDetermines the range of tightening torques T employed for bolt assembly.
9. A device for determining bolt tightening torque is characterized by comprising a processor and a storage medium;
the storage medium is used for storing instructions;
the processor is configured to operate in accordance with the instructions to perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. Computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| CN115091178A (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-09-23 | 湖南领湃达志科技股份有限公司 | Bolt tightening torque calculation and control method |
| CN116702570A (en) * | 2023-08-07 | 2023-09-05 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | Method for calculating assembly pretightening force range of floating tile stud |
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