CN113639738A - Optical fiber gyroscope - Google Patents
Optical fiber gyroscope Download PDFInfo
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- CN113639738A CN113639738A CN202111112160.1A CN202111112160A CN113639738A CN 113639738 A CN113639738 A CN 113639738A CN 202111112160 A CN202111112160 A CN 202111112160A CN 113639738 A CN113639738 A CN 113639738A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C19/00—Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
- G01C19/58—Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses
- G01C19/64—Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams
- G01C19/72—Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams with counter-rotating light beams in a passive ring, e.g. fibre laser gyrometers
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical fiber gyroscope, which comprises a ring coupler and a sensing ring, wherein the ring coupler is coupled with an input optical fiber and two output optical fibers: the sensing ring is made by encircling the output optical fibers; the optical fiber gyroscope also comprises a heat-insulating magnetic shielding box, wherein the shielding box is provided with micropores, and the ring coupler and the sensing ring are arranged in the magnetic shielding box; the input optical fiber passes out of the shield case through the micro-hole and is connected to the rest of the optical fiber gyro. The middle point position of the optical fiber of the sensing ring is positioned at the outer side of the optical fiber ring, and the two tail ends of the sensing ring are positioned at the inner side of the sensing ring, so that the Shupe effect caused by the rapid change of external environment parameters such as temperature can be effectively reduced; meanwhile, the heat insulation and magnetic shielding box and the arrangement of the micropores which only allow the input optical fibers to pass through on the shielding box effectively isolate the influence of the heating components of the gyroscope.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a gyroscope, in particular to an optical fiber gyroscope with stable time-varying temperature field.
Background
The traditional optical fiber gyroscope manufacturing process is shown in fig. 4, a section of optical fiber with the length of hundreds of meters to thousands of meters is used, the optical fiber is wound on a cylindrical support from the middle point of the optical fiber alternately according to a quadrupole winding method, the cylindrical support is removed after being solidified by glue, an optical fiber sensing ring 8 is formed, two tail fibers 8-1 and 8-2 of the optical fiber sensing ring 8 are respectively welded with two output tail fibers 1-2 and 1-3 of a lithium niobate Y-type waveguide multifunctional chip 1(Y waveguide 1), an input optical fiber 1-1 of the Y waveguide 1 is connected with an output tail fiber of a source coupler in the rest part 2 of the optical fiber gyroscope, and the rest part 2 of the optical fiber gyroscope comprises a light source, a light source driving board, a detector and a signal processing circuit except the source coupler. The above components are installed in a circular metallic magnetic shield case 9.
Due to environmental changes such as the effect of a time-varying temperature spatial gradient field, two beams of light in the fiber ring have different phase shifts relative to the propagating light, thereby outputting an error signal. The same time-varying thermal perturbations have less effect on the middle of the fiber loop and more effect on the tail end of the fiber loop. Note that the tail end of the fiber optic sensor ring 8 is located close to the metallic magnetic shield box, and therefore this conventional structure is greatly affected by the time-varying temperature spatial gradient field. In addition, the heating elements (light source, light source driving board, detector and signal processing circuit) included in the rest 2 of the fiber optic gyroscope also cause large thermal errors due to the lack of strict isolation from the fiber optic ring.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that error signals are easy to output because the stability of the optical fiber gyroscope is greatly influenced by a temperature space gradient field changing along with time in the prior art, and provides the optical fiber gyroscope which is slightly influenced by the temperature space gradient field changing along with time and has accurate signals.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an optical fiber gyroscope comprises a ring coupler and a sensing ring, wherein the ring coupler is coupled with an input optical fiber and two output optical fibers, the two output optical fibers are an output optical fiber a and an output optical fiber b respectively, and the sensing ring is formed by winding the output optical fibers;
the optical fiber gyroscope also comprises a heat-insulation magnetic shielding box (3), wherein micropores (3-1) are formed in the magnetic shielding box (3), and the ring coupler and the sensing ring are arranged in the shielding box (3); the input optical fiber passes out of the shielding box (3) through the micropore (3-1) and is connected to the rest part of the optical fiber gyroscope;
the rest part comprises a source coupler, a light source driving board, a detector and a signal processing circuit.
Further, the ring coupler is a lithium niobate Y-type waveguide multifunctional chip (1), and the input optical fiber, the output optical fiber a and the output optical fiber b are polarization maintaining optical fibers.
Furthermore, the output optical fiber a and the output optical fiber b are respectively welded with a polarization maintaining optical fiber c (1-5) and a polarization maintaining optical fiber d (1-6), and the polarization maintaining optical fiber c (1-5) and the polarization maintaining optical fiber d (1-6) are coupled with the two output ends of the lithium niobate Y-shaped waveguide multifunctional chip (1).
Furthermore, the main shafts of the polarization maintaining optical fibers c (1-5) and d (1-6) and the main shafts of the two output ends of the lithium niobate Y-shaped waveguide multifunctional chip (1) are coupled at an angle of 45 degrees, and the length ratio of the polarization maintaining optical fibers c (1-5) to the polarization maintaining optical fibers d (1-6) is 1: 2.
Further, the ring coupler is an optical fiber ring coupler (4), a differential optical fiber phase modulator e (5) and a differential optical fiber phase modulator f (6) are further included in the heat-insulating and magnetic-shielding box (3), and the differential optical fiber phase modulator e (5) and the differential optical fiber phase modulator f (6) are coupled with the optical fiber ring coupler (4);
the differential optical fiber phase modulator e (5) and the differential optical fiber phase modulator f (6) are also respectively connected with the output optical fiber a and the output optical fiber b;
the input optical fiber passes out of the magnetic shielding box (3) through the micropore (3-1) and is connected to the rest part of the optical fiber gyroscope;
the remainder further comprises an optical polariser.
Furthermore, the differential optical fiber phase modulator e (5) and the differential optical fiber phase modulator f (6) are respectively formed by winding the output optical fiber a and the output optical fiber b on a cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic;
the sensing ring is formed by winding the output optical fiber a and the output optical fiber b which are left after the differential optical fiber phase modulator e (5) and the differential optical fiber phase modulator f (6) are wound.
Further, the source coupler and/or the optical polarizer are arranged inside the magnetically shielded box (3).
Further, the output fiber length is 1/2 of the sensing loop length required by the fiber optic gyroscope.
Further, the micro-hole (3-1) is sized to allow only the input optical fiber to pass through;
the sensing ring is formed by winding the output optical fiber a and the output optical fiber b through a quadrupole winding method.
Furthermore, the optical fiber a is wound on the first layer clockwise, the optical fiber b is wound on the second layer and the third layer anticlockwise, and the optical fiber a is wound on the fourth layer clockwise; and then repeating the process until the optical fibers are wound, wherein the number of winding layers is integral multiple of 4, and finally welding the tail ends of the two optical fibers together.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the middle point position of the optical fiber gyroscope sensing ring wound by the two output optical fibers coupled with the lithium niobate Y-shaped waveguide multifunctional chip is positioned at the outer side of the optical fiber ring, and the two tail ends of the sensing ring are positioned at the inner side of the sensing ring, so that the Shupe effect caused by the rapid change of external environment parameters such as temperature can be effectively reduced; meanwhile, the arrangement of the heat-insulating magnetic shielding box and the micropores on the shielding box, which only allow the input optical fiber to pass through, isolates the influence of the heating component of the gyroscope. Therefore, the optical fiber gyroscope provided by the invention has extremely high time-varying spatial temperature field stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a time-varying temperature field stabilized polarization maintaining closed-loop fiber optic gyroscope;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a time-varying temperature field stabilized depolarized closed-loop fiber optic gyroscope;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a time-varying temperature field stabilized open-loop fiber optic gyroscope;
fig. 4 is a closed-loop optical fiber gyro fabricated by the conventional technique.
Reference numerals: lithium niobate Y-type waveguide multifunctional chip: 1; input optical fiber: 1-1, 4-1; an output optical fiber: 1-2, 1-3, 1-7, 1-8, 4-2, 4-3; polarization maintaining fiber c: 1-5; polarization maintaining fiber d: 1 to 6; welding points: 1-4, 1-9, 4-4; the rest of the fiber optic gyroscope: 2. 7; magnetic shielding box: 3; micropore: 3-1; fiber ring coupler: 4; differential fiber phase modulator e: 5; differential fiber phase modulator f: 6; prior art fiber optic sensing rings: 8; the optical fiber sensing ring tail fiber of the prior art: 8-1, 8-2; magnetic shielding box of the prior art: 9.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further clearly explained with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is a closed-loop polarization maintaining structure of an optical fiber gyro. Specifically, the ring coupler for the optical fiber gyroscope is a lithium niobate Y-type waveguide multifunctional chip 1, the lithium niobate Y-type waveguide multifunctional chip 1 is coupled with an input optical fiber (short polarization-maintaining optical fiber pigtail) 1-1 and two output optical fibers 1-2 and 1-3, the output optical fibers 1-2 and 1-3 are polarization-maintaining optical fibers with a pigtail length of hundreds of meters to thousands of meters, and the length is 1/2 of the required optical fiber gyroscope sensing ring length, in this embodiment, the output optical fibers 1-2 are named as optical fibers a, and the output optical fibers 1-3 are optical fibers b.
Starting winding the fiber loop on a cylindrical support: sequentially winding the first layer by using the optical fiber a clockwise, winding the second layer and the third layer by using the optical fiber b anticlockwise, and winding the fourth layer by using the optical fiber a clockwise; and then repeating the process until the optical fibers are basically wound, ensuring that the number of wound layers is integral multiple of 4, finally welding the tail ends of the optical fibers a and b together by using a polarization-maintaining optical fiber welding machine to form welding points 1-4, and after the sensing ring is cured by glue, drawing the cylindrical support from the middle to form the frameless optical fiber ring.
A lithium niobate Y-shaped waveguide multifunctional chip 1 and a sensing ring formed by winding output optical fibers 1-2 and 1-3 are arranged in a heat insulation and magnetic shielding box 3 for preventing a time-varying temperature gradient field. The shielding box 3 is provided with a micropore 3-1 which can only pass through a second optical fiber, the input optical fiber 1-1 of the lithium niobate Y-shaped waveguide multifunctional chip 1 passes through the micropore 3-1 and penetrates out of the shielding box 3, and the input optical fiber 1-1 is welded on the output tail fiber of the source coupler of the rest part 2 of the optical fiber gyroscope by using an optical fiber fusion splicer. The rest 2 parts of the optical fiber gyroscope specifically comprise a source coupler, a light source driving board, a detector and a signal processing circuit, and the rest 2 parts of the optical fiber gyroscope are arranged outside the shielding box 3.
Example 2
Fig. 2 is a closed loop depolarization structure of the optical fiber gyro. Specifically, the ring coupler for the optical fiber gyroscope is a lithium niobate Y-type waveguide multifunctional chip 1, the lithium niobate Y-type waveguide multifunctional chip 1 is coupled with an input optical fiber (short polarization-maintaining pigtail) 1-1, a polarization-maintaining optical fiber c 1-5 and a polarization-maintaining optical fiber d 1-6, and the polarization-maintaining optical fiber c 1-5 and the polarization-maintaining optical fiber d 1-6 are several meters in length. The principal axes of the polarization-maintaining optical fibers c 1-5 and the polarization-maintaining optical fibers d 1-6 and the principal axes of the two output waveguides of the lithium niobate Y-shaped waveguide multifunctional chip 1 are coupled at an angle of 45 degrees, and the length ratio of the principal axes to the principal axes of the two output waveguides is 1: 2. And respectively welding output optical fibers 1-7 and 1-8 of 1/2 with the lengths being the required fiber-optic gyroscope sensing ring lengths to polarization-maintaining tail fibers c 1-5 and polarization-maintaining optical fibers d 1-6, wherein the output optical fibers 1-7 and 1-8 are long single-mode optical fibers, in the embodiment, the output optical fibers 1-7 are named as optical fibers a, and the long output optical fibers 1-8 are named as optical fibers b.
Starting winding the fiber loop on a cylindrical support: sequentially winding the first layer by using the optical fiber a clockwise, winding the second layer and the third layer by using the optical fiber b anticlockwise, and winding the fourth layer by using the optical fiber a clockwise; and then repeating the process until the optical fiber is basically wound, ensuring that the number of wound layers is integral multiple of 4, and finally welding the tail ends of the a and b optical fibers together by using an optical fiber fusion splicer to form fusion joints 1-9. And (4) after the sensing ring is solidified by glue, the cylindrical support is pulled out from the middle to form the frameless optical fiber ring.
A lithium niobate Y-shaped waveguide multifunctional chip 1 and a sensing ring formed by winding two output optical fibers 1-7 and 1-8 are arranged in a heat insulation magnetic shielding box 3. The shielding box is provided with a micropore 3-1 which can only pass through a second optical fiber, the input optical fiber 1-1 of the lithium niobate Y-shaped waveguide multifunctional chip 1 penetrates out of the shielding box 3 through the micropore 3-1, and the input optical fiber 1-1 is welded on the output tail fiber of the source coupler of the rest part 2 of the optical fiber gyroscope by using an optical fiber fusion splicer. The rest part 2 of the optical fiber gyroscope specifically comprises a source coupler, a light source driving board, a detector and a signal processing circuit, and the rest part 2 of the optical fiber gyroscope is arranged outside the shielding box 3.
Example 3
Fig. 3 is an open-loop structure of the optical fiber gyro. Specifically, the ring coupler of the fiber optic gyroscope is a fiber optic ring coupler 4, the fiber optic ring coupler 4 is provided with an input fiber 4-1 and two output fibers 4-2 and 4-3, the lengths of the tail fibers of the output fibers 4-2 and 4-3 are about hundreds of meters and are 1/2 of the length of a sensing ring of the required fiber optic gyroscope, the output fiber 4-2 and the output fiber 4-3 are respectively wound with a plurality of meters of fibers with the same length on two cylindrical piezoelectric ceramics to form a differential fiber optic phase modulator e5 and a differential fiber optic phase modulator f 6.
After the differential fiber phase modulator e5 and the differential fiber phase modulator f 6 are wound, in this embodiment, the remaining input fiber 4-2 is named as fiber a, the remaining output fiber 4-3 is fiber b, and a fiber ring is wound on a cylindrical support: sequentially winding the first layer by using the optical fiber a clockwise, winding the second layer and the third layer by using the optical fiber b anticlockwise, and winding the fourth layer by using the optical fiber a clockwise; and then repeating the process until the optical fiber is basically wound, ensuring that the number of wound layers is integral multiple of 4, and finally welding the tail ends of the optical fibers a and b together by using an optical fiber welding machine to form a welding point 4-4. And (4) after the sensing ring is solidified by glue, the cylindrical support is pulled out from the middle to form the frameless optical fiber ring.
The ring coupler 4, two differential optical fiber phase modulators 5 and 6 formed by winding two output optical fibers 4-2 and 4-3 and a sensing ring are arranged in a time-varying-preventing temperature gradient field magnetic shielding box 3. One micropore 3-1 of the magnetic shielding box 3 only can pass through one optical fiber, the input optical fiber 4-1 of the ring coupler 4 passes through the micropore 3-1 and penetrates out of the magnetic shielding box 3, and the input optical fiber 4-1 is welded on the polarizer output tail fiber in the rest part 7 of the optical fiber gyroscope by using an optical fiber fusion splicer.
The rest part 7 of the optical fiber gyroscope specifically comprises a polarizer, a source coupler, a light source driving board, a detector and a signal processing circuit, the rest part 7 of the optical fiber gyroscope is arranged outside the shielding box 3, and the polarizer and the source coupler can also be arranged inside the shielding box 3.
Specifically, taking the scheme of embodiment 1 as an example, the lithium niobate integrated optical multifunctional chip 1 (lithium niobate Y-type waveguide multifunctional chip) is a 1310nm band device, an input polarization maintaining optical fiber 1-1 of the lithium niobate integrated optical multifunctional chip is 1.5m, two 180 m long polarization maintaining optical fibers are directly coupled to two output ends of the lithium niobate Y-type waveguide multifunctional chip 1, and the two 180 m long optical fibers are wound into a sensing ring with an outer diameter of 60mm by the above method, and are subjected to glue application and support removal. The sensing ring and the lithium niobate Y-shaped waveguide multifunctional chip 1 are arranged in a mu metal magnetic shielding box 3 with the outer diameter of 66mm and the thickness of 1.5mm, an input tail fiber of the lithium niobate Y-shaped waveguide multifunctional chip 1 is connected with the rest part 2 of the optical fiber gyroscope through a micropore of 300um, and the rest part 2 comprises a source coupler, a super radiation light emitting diode (SLD), a light source control board, a photoelectric detector component (PIN-FET) and an FPGA signal processing unit. The zero bias stability of the gyroscope is measured to be less than 0.1 degree/hour under the condition of changing temperature at 1 degree/minute. Compared with the traditional fiber optic gyroscope for manufacturing the sensing ring with the same size and the same fiber length, the fiber optic gyroscope has zero-bias stability of about 0.3 degree/hour under the condition of temperature change of 1 ℃/minute.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which should not be construed as limiting the invention. Various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the technical scheme obtained by adopting the mode of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An optical fiber gyroscope is characterized by comprising a ring coupler and a sensing ring, wherein the ring coupler is coupled with an input optical fiber and two output optical fibers, the two output optical fibers are an output optical fiber a and an output optical fiber b respectively, and the sensing ring is formed by winding the two output optical fibers;
the optical fiber gyroscope also comprises a heat-insulation magnetic shielding box (3), wherein micropores (3-1) are formed in the shielding box (3), and the ring coupler and the sensing ring are arranged in the shielding box (3); the input optical fiber passes out of the shielding box (3) through the micropore (3-1) and is connected to the rest part of the optical fiber gyroscope;
the rest part comprises a source coupler, a light source driving board, a detector and a signal processing circuit.
2. The fiber optic gyroscope of claim 1, wherein the ring coupler is a lithium niobate Y-waveguide multifunction chip (1), and the input fiber, the output fiber a, and the output fiber b are polarization maintaining fibers.
3. The optical fiber gyroscope according to claim 2, wherein the output optical fiber a and the output optical fiber b are respectively fused with polarization maintaining optical fibers c (1-5) and d (1-6), and the polarization maintaining optical fibers c (1-5) and d (1-6) are respectively coupled with two output ends of the lithium niobate Y-type waveguide multifunctional chip (1).
4. The optical fiber gyroscope according to claim 3, wherein the principal axes of the polarization-maintaining optical fibers c (1-5) and d (1-6) are coupled with the principal axes of the two output ends of the lithium niobate Y-type waveguide multifunctional chip (1) at an angle of 45 °, and the length ratio of the polarization-maintaining optical fibers c (1-5) to d (1-6) is 1: 2.
5. The fiber optic gyroscope according to claim 1, characterized in that the ring coupler is a fiber ring coupler (4), the shielding box (3) further comprises a differential fiber phase modulator e (5) and a differential fiber phase modulator f (6), the differential fiber phase modulator e (5) and the differential fiber phase modulator f (6) are coupled with the fiber ring coupler (4);
the input optical fiber passes out of the shielding box (3) through the micropore (3-1) and is connected to the rest part of the optical fiber gyroscope;
the remainder further comprises an optical polariser.
6. The fiber optic gyroscope of claim 5, wherein the differential fiber phase modulator e (5) and the differential fiber phase modulator f (6) are respectively formed by winding the output fiber a and the output fiber b on a cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic;
the sensing ring is formed by winding the output optical fiber a and the output optical fiber b which are left after the differential optical fiber phase modulator e (5) and the differential optical fiber phase modulator f (6) are wound.
7. The fiber optic gyroscope according to claim 5, characterized in that the source coupler and/or the optical polarizer are arranged inside the magnetically shielded box (3).
8. The fiber optic gyroscope of any of claims 1-7, wherein the output fiber length is 1/2 of the sensing loop length required by the fiber optic gyroscope.
9. The fiber optic gyroscope according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the microholes (3-1) are sized to allow only the input optical fibers to pass through;
the sensing ring is formed by winding the output optical fiber a and the output optical fiber b through a quadrupole winding method.
10. The fiber optic gyroscope of claim 9, wherein the first layer is wound clockwise with fiber a, the second layer is wound counterclockwise with fiber b, and the fourth layer is wound clockwise with fiber a; and repeating the process until the optical fiber is wound, wherein the number of winding layers is integral multiple of 4.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111112160.1A CN113639738A (en) | 2021-09-23 | 2021-09-23 | Optical fiber gyroscope |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111112160.1A CN113639738A (en) | 2021-09-23 | 2021-09-23 | Optical fiber gyroscope |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN113639738A true CN113639738A (en) | 2021-11-12 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202111112160.1A Pending CN113639738A (en) | 2021-09-23 | 2021-09-23 | Optical fiber gyroscope |
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| CN (1) | CN113639738A (en) |
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2021
- 2021-09-23 CN CN202111112160.1A patent/CN113639738A/en active Pending
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