CN113639471A

CN113639471A - Solar heat collector

Info

Publication number: CN113639471A
Application number: CN202010346333.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 于献榕
Original assignee: Wuxi Energy Block High Tech Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Wuxi Energy Block High Tech Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-04-27
Filing date: 2020-04-27
Publication date: 2021-11-12

Abstract

The invention relates to a solar heat collector. The main structure of the device is a spherical oil tank, and high-temperature-resistant heat conduction oil is contained in the oil tank; the oil tank is provided with a light-heat converter which is of a thin-wall barrel-shaped structure and is recessed into the oil tank, and light rays entering the light-heat converter are converted into heat after being reflected by the wall of the oil tank for multiple times and heat conduction oil is heated; in order to store the heat of the heat-conducting oil, a heat-insulating glass window is arranged at the inlet of the photothermal converter, and a heat-insulating material covers the outside of the oil tank; the tank is provided with a support ring, and the whole device can perform circular motion after being connected with an external support mechanism. The main functions of the device are: the sunlight is converted into high-grade heat energy at the temperature of more than 200 ℃, the heat is preserved, the energy is stored, and the circular rotation is carried out on the supporting mechanism. The equipment has simple structure and low cost, and is suitable for manufacturing low-cost photo-thermal utilization products.

Description

Solar heat collector

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of solar energy, in particular to a solar heat collector.

Background

At present, there are two main methods for utilizing solar energy: producing hot water and generating electricity. The technical routes of the former are mainly domestic solar water heaters and commercial hot water systems, and the technical routes of the latter are mainly photovoltaic power stations and photothermal power stations. The most widely used technical routes are domestic solar water heaters, commercial hot water systems and photovoltaic power plants, while photothermal power plants are still generally in the exemplary project phase and are still remote from large-scale commercialization. The reasons why the photothermal power station is difficult to be commercialized in a large scale are mainly: the trough type photo-thermal power station and the tower type photo-thermal power station need to be built on wide and flat ground, the larger the scale, the lower the cost, and the smaller distributed power station cannot be realized, so that the yield is difficult to improve due to the fact that the large power station project highly depends on government investment, and the low yield limits the maturity of an industrial chain and the reduction of the cost in turn; although the disc type photo-thermal power station is suitable for realizing a distributed power station, the manufacturing cost of the Stirling engine is too high to be reduced to a level equivalent to that of photovoltaic.

The main drawbacks of domestic solar water heaters and commercial hot water systems are: (1) the solar tracking cannot be actively carried out, and the heat collection efficiency is not high enough; (2) the water tank and the vacuum tube store water for a long time and scale can be formed; (3) when the ice cream is used in severe cold areas, the hidden danger of freezing and bursting exists; (4) the device can not generate electricity and steam and has a narrow application range; (4) it is not good-looking.

The main disadvantages of photovoltaic power stations are: (1) the photoelectric conversion efficiency is not high enough and can be attenuated year by year; (2) when the technology of actively tracking the sun is not adopted, the heat collection efficiency is not high enough, but the investment cost is increased after the technology is adopted; (3) the combined heat and power supply cannot be realized, and the energy utilization rate is low; (4) the power generation device is easily influenced by weather, and the power generation power is not stable; (5) the generated electricity must be immediately transmitted to the power grid, and the power grid is required to carry out power dispatching, so that the requirement on the absorption capacity of the power grid is high, and the requirement is also one of the main reasons for 'abandoning light and limiting electricity'.

If such products are available on the market: the solar water heater can convert sunlight into high-grade heat energy at a temperature of more than 200 ℃ and store the high-grade heat energy, then the stored high-grade heat energy is used for producing hot water, steam, electric power and the like according to the actual demands of users, the functions of a plurality of products can be realized by only one product, the manufacturing cost is low, and various defects in the prior art can be well overcome.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides a succinct, the low in cost's of structure solar collector, can be with the high-grade heat energy of sunshine conversion more than 200 degrees centigrade, can also carry out the circular rotation on supporting mechanism.

The technical scheme of the application is as follows:

a solar thermal collector comprises a tank body 3, wherein a heat-insulating glass window 1 is arranged at the top of the tank body 3, a photo-thermal converter 2 is connected below the heat-insulating glass window 1, and two supporting rings 4 are respectively arranged on two sides of the middle part of the tank body 3;

the photothermal converter 2 includes a side wall 12 and a bottom 13; the side wall 12 and the bottom 13 are connected into a barrel-shaped structure, the opening of the barrel-shaped structure is a light inlet 11 and is connected with the heat-insulating glass window 1;

the heat-insulating glass window 1 is arranged at a light ray inlet 11 of the photothermal converter 2, and light rays can be irradiated to the inner surface of the photothermal converter 2 through the heat-insulating glass window 1; the inner surface of the photothermal converter 2 is black;

the upper part of the tank body 3 is provided with a mounting opening 14; the upper end part of the side wall 12 of the photothermal converter 2 is connected to the mounting port 14 so as to be embedded in the tank 3, so that the whole bottom 13 and the middle and lower end parts of the side wall 12 are positioned in the tank 3; and the side wall 12 of the photothermal converter 2 is connected with the edge of the mounting opening 14 in a sealing way, so that a closed oil bin 6 is formed between the photothermal converter 2 and the inner wall of the tank body 3 as a whole; a heat storage medium is filled in the oil bin 6;

the support ring 4 is a thin-wall cylinder structure, and the plane where the circular surfaces at the two ends of the thin-wall cylinder structure are located is called an end surface 15; one end of the support ring 4 is connected to the tank 3; and the end faces 15 of the two support rings 4 are parallel to each other;

the support ring 4 and the photothermal converter 2 are located in the following relationship: the centers of the end surfaces 15 of the two support rings 4 are connected, and the obtained straight line is called a pitching rotating shaft 7; the pitching rotation shaft 7 is not only perpendicular to the end face 15 of the support ring 4, but also parallel to the plane where the light ray inlet 11 of the photothermal converter 2 is located;

after the end surface 15 of the support ring 4 is connected to the tank body 3, the contact area of the two is a circular ring, and an oil delivery hole 5 is arranged on the tank body 3 in the circular ring; each support ring 4 corresponds to one oil transmission hole 5, and the tank body 3 is provided with two oil transmission holes 5; one oil transfer hole 5 of the heat storage medium flows into the oil bin 6 and flows out of the oil bin from the other oil transfer hole 5.

Preferably, the outer surface of the tank 3 is covered with an insulating material 8.

Preferably, the material of the insulating glass window 1 is vacuum glass or multilayer hollow glass.

Preferably, the heat storage medium is heat conduction oil with the working temperature of not less than 200 ℃.

Preferably, the support ring 4 is provided with a thread 9.

Preferably, the tank body 3 is provided with an oil filling hole 9; the conditions for selecting the position of the filler hole 9 on the can body 3 are: the projection outline of the tank body 3 on any plane is a curve passing through the pitching rotating shaft 7, and the point on the curve farthest from the pitching rotating shaft 7 is the position of the oil filling hole 9.

The principle of this application is:

after the sunlight is collected inside the thin-walled barrel-shaped photothermal converter 2, multiple reflections occur on the metal walls. The photons collide with electrons on the metal walls causing the electrons to absorb the photons and undergo energy level transitions, macroscopically the metal is heated. The sunlight is not reflected from the light entrance 11 of the photothermal converter 2 and is converted into heat.

The photothermal converter 2 converts sunlight into heat energy, and then heats the heat storage medium by heat conduction. In order to prevent the heat of the heat storage medium from being dissipated to the outside, the tank body 3 is wrapped with a heat insulation material 8, and a heat insulation glass window 1 is installed at a light ray inlet 11 of the photothermal converter 2. Therefore, sunlight can be continuously converted into heat energy, namely the heat energy is continuously input into the heat storage medium; under the action of the thermal insulation material 8 and the insulating glass window 2, the heat of the heat storage medium is difficult to output to the outside, so the temperature will be increased continuously. Along with the rise of the temperature, the temperature difference between the heat storage medium and the outside is gradually increased, the heat output of the heat storage medium is also gradually increased, finally, the input and the output of the heat are balanced, and the temperature is not increased any more.

The design concept of the application is as follows:

(1) the traditional design concept is abandoned, two parts are not divided according to the two functions of heating heat storage medium and containing heat storage medium and are separately designed, but a heater is added on a container containing the heat storage medium to integrate the two parts, so that the product structure is simplified, and the manufacturing cost is reduced;

(2) unique bearing structure has been designed for whole heat collector is supported the back, can carry out the circumferential rotation, is favorable to the complete machine design of light and heat utilization product.

The application adopts a simple mechanical structure and a mature manufacturing process, the volume production cost is less than 200 yuan, and the economic benefit is very obvious. Based on this application can make a brand-new light and heat and utilize product, change sunshine into the high-grade heat energy of more than 200 degrees centigrade and store, then according to user's actual demand, utilize the high-grade heat energy that has stored to produce hot water, steam and electric power etc. not only the usage is extensive, low cost moreover.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention. The labels in the figure are: 1-insulating glass windows; 2-a light-heat converter; 3-tank body; 4-a support ring; 5-oil transfer holes; 6-an oil bin; 7-pitch rotation axis; 8-heat preservation material; 9-thread; 10-oil filling hole.

Figure 2 is an exploded view of the thermal storage container. The labels in the figure are: 1-insulating glass windows; 2-a light-heat converter; 3-tank body; 4-a support ring; 8-heat preservation material; 11-a light ray inlet; 12-a side wall; 13-bottom; 14-a mounting port; 15-end face; 16-thermally insulating support means; 17-a bearing; 18-a rotary joint; 19-shell.

Fig. 3 is a diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. The labels in the figure are: 1-insulating glass windows; 16-a thermal storage container; 20-a primary reflector; 21-a secondary reflector; 22-secondary mirror support bar; 23-a thermal storage container support arm; 24-a pitch pan tilt; 25-a pitch rotation motor; 26-tripod head supporting feet; 27-a roller assembly; 28-horizontal rotation track; 29-horizontal rotation motor.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1, 2 and 3.

Examples

As shown in fig. 3, the present embodiment mainly comprises a dish-type solar energy collecting mirror, a heat storage container 16, a heat storage container support arm 23, a pitching rotation platform 24, a pitching rotation motor 25, a platform support foot 26, a roller assembly 27, a horizontal rotation track 28, and a horizontal rotation motor 29, and has the functions of: adjusting the azimuth angle of the disc type solar condenser according to the solar azimuth angle, collecting sunlight into the heat storage container 16, converting the sunlight into heat energy of heat conduction oil, and then preserving heat and storing energy; then according to the actual demand of the user, the heat conducting oil is pumped out from the heat storage container 16, and hot water, steam, electric power and the like are produced through the heat exchanger;

as shown in attached figures 1 and 2, the solar heat collector consists of a heat-insulating glass window 1, a photothermal converter 2, a tank body 3, a support ring 4, an oil conveying hole 5 and an oil filling hole 10;

the photothermal converter 2 includes a side wall 12 and a bottom 13; the side wall 12 and the bottom 13 are connected into a thin-wall barrel-shaped structure, and an opening of the thin-wall barrel-shaped structure is a light inlet 11 and is connected with the heat-insulating glass window 1;

the material of the heat-insulating glass window 1 is vacuum glass or multilayer hollow glass, and the heat-insulating glass window is arranged at a light ray inlet 11 of the photothermal converter 2, and light rays can penetrate through the heat-insulating glass window 1 and irradiate the inner surface of the photothermal converter 2; the inner surface of the photothermal converter 2 is black; the photothermal converter 2 functions to convert light entering the interior of the photothermal converter 2 from the light inlet 11 into heat energy;

the tank body 3 is provided with a mounting opening 14, and the upper end part of the side wall 12 of the photothermal converter 2 is connected to the mounting opening 14 so as to be embedded in the tank body 3, so that the whole bottom 13 and the middle and lower end parts of the side wall 12 are positioned in the tank body 3; the side wall 12 of the photothermal converter 2 is connected with the edge of the mounting opening 14, so that the photothermal converter 2 and the tank body 3 form a closed oil bin 6 as a whole, and heat conduction oil with the working temperature of not less than 200 ℃ is filled in the oil bin 6;

the support ring 4 is a thin-wall cylinder structure, and the plane where the circular surfaces at the two ends of the thin-wall cylinder structure are located is called an end surface 15; one end of the support ring 4 is connected to the tank 3; the support rings 4 connected to the tank 3 are two in total, and the end faces 15 of the two support rings 4 are parallel to each other;

the support ring 4 is located the middle part both sides of jar body 3, and is with light and heat converter 2's positional relationship: connecting the circle centers of the end surfaces 15 of the two support rings 4, wherein the obtained straight line is called a pitching rotating shaft 7; the pitch rotation axis 7 is not only perpendicular to the end surface 15 of the support ring 4 but also parallel to the plane in which the light entrance 11 of the photothermal converter 2 is located;

after the end face 15 of the support ring 4 is connected to the tank 3, the contact area of the two is divided into a circular area on the tank 3, and an oil delivery hole 5 is arranged in the circular area; each support ring 4 corresponds to one oil delivery hole 5, and the tank body 3 is provided with 2 oil delivery holes 5; the heat conduction oil flows into the oil bin 6 from one oil transmission hole 5 and flows out of the oil bin from the other oil transmission hole 5;

the rotary joint 18 is connected to the oil conveying hole 5 and has the function of ensuring that the oil conveying pipeline cannot be distorted and deformed when the solar thermal collector does circular motion around the pitching rotating shaft 7;

an oil filling hole 9 is formed in the tank body 3; the conditions for selecting the position of the filler hole 9 on the can body 3 are: the projection outline of the tank body 3 on any plane is a curve passing through the pitching rotating shaft 7, and the point on the curve farthest from the pitching rotating shaft 7 is the position of the oil filling hole 9; the oil filling hole 9 is used for filling heat conduction oil into the oil bin 6;

the outer surface of the tank body 3 is covered with a heat insulation material 8; the shell 19 is wrapped on the outer surface of the whole solar heat collector and mainly used for protecting the heat-insulating material 8;

the support ring 4 is connected with the heat insulation support device 16 through threads 9; a bearing 17 is arranged on the heat insulation supporting device 16;

the solar heat collector, the heat insulation supporting device 16, the rotary joint 18 and the shell 19 jointly form a heat storage container 16;

as shown in fig. 3, the dish-type solar energy condenser is composed of a primary reflector 20, a secondary reflector 21 and a secondary reflector support 22; the primary reflector 20 is fixed to the heat storage container 16 by a connector such as a bolt and a nut, and the secondary reflector 21 is connected to the heat storage container 16 by a secondary reflector holder 22;

the heat storage container 16 is connected to a heat storage container support arm 23 through a bearing 17 on the heat insulation support device 16, and the heat storage container support arm 23 is fixed on a pitching rotation cloud deck 24; the disc type solar energy collecting lens and the heat accumulation container 16 as a whole have the freedom degree of pitching rotation on the cloud deck 24, and can realize pitching rotation under the action of the pitching rotation motor 25 and the speed reduction transmission mechanism;

the pitching and turning head 24 is connected to a roller assembly 27 through a support foot 26, and the roller assembly 27 can horizontally turn on a horizontal turning track 28; the horizontal rotation rail 28 is provided with an internal gear which is engaged with an external gear of the horizontal rotation motor 29; the dish solar energy condenser, the heat storage container 16, the heat storage container support arm 23, the pitching rotation holder 24, the support foot 26, the roller assembly 27 and other devices as a whole have the freedom of horizontal rotation, and can be driven by the horizontal rotation motor 29 to horizontally rotate on the horizontal rotation track 28.

The working flow of this embodiment is:

a nine-axis acceleration gyroscope angle sensor is arranged on the heat storage container 16 and can measure the azimuth angle of the disc type solar condenser;

the singlechip control system calculates the azimuth angle of the sun according to the local longitude and latitude, date and time;

the single chip microcomputer control system drives the pitching rotating motor 25 and the horizontal rotating motor 29 according to the difference value between the azimuth angle of the disc type solar condenser and the azimuth angle of the sun, and the difference value is adjusted to be within an error allowable range;

the disc type solar collecting lens collects sunlight into the photo-thermal converter 2 to heat the photo-thermal converter 2, and the photo-thermal converter 2 heats heat conduction oil in the oil bin 6;

the heat conducting oil in the oil bin 6 can realize long-time heat preservation and heat storage under the action of the heat preservation material 8;

under the action of the oil pump, the heat conducting oil in the oil bin 6 can be pumped out from the rotary joint 18 and then passes through the heat exchanger to generate hot water, steam, electric power and the like.

Claims

1. A solar collector, characterized by: the solar energy water heater comprises a tank body (3), wherein a heat-insulating glass window (1) is arranged at the top of the tank body (3), a photothermal converter (2) is connected to the heat-insulating glass window (1) in a lower mode, and two supporting rings (4) are arranged on two sides of the middle of the tank body (3) respectively;

the photothermal converter (2) comprises a side wall (12) and a bottom (13); the side wall (12) and the bottom (13) are connected into a barrel-shaped structure, and an opening of the barrel-shaped structure is a light inlet (11) and is connected with the heat-insulating glass window (1);

the heat-insulating glass window (1) is arranged at a light ray inlet (11) of the photothermal converter (2), and light rays can be irradiated to the inner surface of the photothermal converter (2) through the heat-insulating glass window (1); the inner surface of the photothermal converter (2) is black;

the upper part of the tank body (3) is provided with a mounting opening (14); the upper end part of the side wall (12) of the photothermal converter (2) is connected to the mounting opening (14) so as to be embedded into the tank body (3), so that the whole bottom (13) and the middle and lower end parts of the side wall (12) are positioned in the tank body (3); and the side wall (12) of the photothermal converter (2) is connected with the edge of the mounting opening (14) in a sealing way, so that a closed oil bin (6) is formed between the photothermal converter (2) and the inner wall of the tank body (3) as a whole; a heat storage medium is filled in the oil bin (6);

the support ring (4) is of a thin-wall cylinder structure, and planes where circular surfaces at two ends of the thin-wall cylinder structure are located are called end surfaces (15); one end of the support ring (4) is connected to the tank body (3); the end surfaces (15) of the two support rings (4) are parallel to each other;

the support ring (4) and the photothermal converter (2) are in a positional relationship: the centers of circles of the end surfaces (15) of the two support rings (4) are connected, and the obtained straight line is called a pitching rotating shaft (7); the pitching rotating shaft (7) is not only vertical to the end surface (15) of the support ring (4), but also parallel to the plane where the light ray inlet (11) of the photothermal converter (2) is located;

after the end surface (15) of the support ring (4) is connected to the tank body (3), the contact area of the end surface and the tank body is a circular ring, and an oil conveying hole (5) is formed in the tank body (3) positioned in the circular ring; each support ring (4) corresponds to one oil transmission hole (5), and the tank body (3) is provided with two oil transmission holes (5); one oil transmission hole (5) of the heat storage medium flows into the oil bin (6) and flows out of the oil bin from the other oil transmission hole (5).

2. The solar heat collector of claim 1, wherein: the outer surface of the tank body (3) is covered with a heat insulation material (8).

3. A solar collector according to claim 1, wherein: the material of the heat-insulating glass window (1) is vacuum glass or multilayer hollow glass.

4. The solar heat collector of claim 1, wherein: the heat storage medium is heat conduction oil with the working temperature of not less than 200 ℃.

5. The solar heat collector of claim 1, wherein: the support ring (4) is provided with threads (9).

6. The solar heat collector of claim 1, wherein: an oil filling hole (9) is formed in the tank body (3); the conditions for selecting the position of the oil filling hole (9) on the tank body (3) are as follows: the tank body (3) passes through the pitching rotating shaft (7) to form any plane, the projection outline of the tank body (3) on the plane is a curve, and the point on the curve, which is farthest from the pitching rotating shaft (7), is the position of the oil filling hole (9).