CN113638773B - Impeller mixing manufacturing process - Google Patents

Impeller mixing manufacturing process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113638773B
CN113638773B CN202111034509.4A CN202111034509A CN113638773B CN 113638773 B CN113638773 B CN 113638773B CN 202111034509 A CN202111034509 A CN 202111034509A CN 113638773 B CN113638773 B CN 113638773B
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section
cover plate
impeller
processing
blades
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CN113638773A (en
Inventor
杨波
彭志学
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Jiangsu Zhongke Intelligent Science And Technology Application Research Institute
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Jiangsu Zhongke Intelligent Science And Technology Application Research Institute
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12Blades
    • F01D5/14Form or construction
    • F01D5/141Shape, i.e. outer, aerodynamic form
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/62Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by chemical means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/66Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00Processes of additive manufacturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/20Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12Blades
    • F01D5/14Form or construction
    • F01D5/147Construction, i.e. structural features, e.g. of weight-saving hollow blades
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12Blades
    • F01D5/28Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a mixed manufacturing process of impellers, which is characterized in that: the specific steps are as follows: s1: additive manufacturing processes a shaft-like base piece and a part of a cover plate, S2: manufacturing and processing a shaft-shaped base piece and a part of cover plate by reducing materials, and S3: first-stage impeller machining, S4: second-stage impeller machining, S5: and processing a third section of impeller. The impeller is processed by the mixed manufacturing processing technology, so that the problems of multiple supports and difficult removal of 3D printing of powder-laid metal can be well solved; and the processing of matching the additive manufacturing and the subtractive manufacturing can effectively improve the processing precision of the impeller.

Description

Impeller mixing manufacturing process
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of powder spraying type 3D printing and five-linkage numerical control machining, in particular to an impeller mixing manufacturing process.
Background
The impeller is a key part of a turbine, a steam turbine and other devices, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, ship machinery, petrochemical industry and the like. The space structure of the integral impeller is complex, and the distortion of the blades is large, so that the rough and finish machining of the inner runner and the blades is always a difficult point in the manufacturing field, and the closed impeller is extremely easy to interfere in the machining process due to the existence of the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate.
At present, impeller manufacturing mainly comprises 2 processing modes, namely:
casting and traditional machining, the method is the mainstream impeller manufacturing method at present, firstly, an integral impeller is manufactured through a casting mould, and then, the outer surface of the impeller is finished through equipment such as a numerical control lathe, a milling machine and the like. The main difficulty of the process is that the casting defects (such as air holes, sand holes, insufficient casting and the like) cause the lower yield, and the inner flow passages of the blades between the cover plates cannot be machined and polished due to the interference of the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate of the impeller, so that the surface of the inner flow passages is rough, and the working efficiency and the service life of the impeller are further reduced;
according to the method, three-dimensional model and point position data of the impeller are imported through powder paving/feeding type 3D printing equipment, and one-time printing and forming are carried out through a laser direct forming technology (DMD), however, due to the fact that the closed impeller is provided with a structural cover plate and blades, excessive support is achieved during design, powder materials are wasted, support removing is difficult and time consuming, and the surface accuracy of an internal runner after polishing treatment is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an impeller mixed manufacturing process, which is used for processing impellers, so that the problems of multiple support and difficult removal of powder-laying type metal 3D printing can be well solved; and the processing of matching the additive manufacturing and the subtractive manufacturing can effectively improve the processing precision of the impeller.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a mixed manufacturing process of impellers, which is characterized in that: the specific processing steps are as follows:
s1: additive manufacturing processes shaft-like base and part of the cover plate: firstly, selecting a base material, pouring the base material into a first powder feeder, connecting the first powder feeder with a 3D laser printer, setting a first coordinate system and a first zero point, and 3D printing an axle base piece and a part of cover plate through a DMD technology;
s2: manufacturing and processing a shaft-shaped base piece and a part of cover plate by reducing materials: fixing the shaft base piece and part of the cover plate manufactured and processed in the step S1 on a rotary workbench of a processing center, resetting a second coordinate system and a second zero point, and milling the shaft base piece and part of the cover plate which are printed out in a 3D mode by using a four-axis linkage numerical control processing technology;
s3: processing a first section of impeller: firstly controlling a 3D laser printer to enable a laser head to extend into a machining center, correspondingly adjusting a coordinate system and a zero point according to a fixed shaft base piece and a part of cover plate, stacking a first section of blade and a support on the shaft base piece, enabling the laser head to only move in the X, Y, Z shaft direction in the stacking process, enabling the laser head to realize five-shaft linkage through the movement of a rotary workbench of the machining center, stacking a required first section of blade shape, and then carrying out finish machining on the first section of blade part by utilizing a numerical control milling cutter according to a second coordinate system and a second zero point;
s4: processing a second section impeller: controlling the laser head to accumulate part of the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate on the support manufactured in the step S3;
s5: processing a third section of impeller: and stacking the second section of blades and the blade disc by using a laser head in the process of rotating a workbench of a machining center, then carrying out numerical control milling machining through the machining center, improving the surface precision of the blades and the blade disc, and finally stacking an upper cover plate by using laser and carrying out numerical control milling to finish the machining of the impeller.
Further: the substrate in the step S1 is made of 316L or TC4 metal material.
Still further: the length of the shaft foundation piece manufactured in the additive manufacturing step S1 is 146mm, and the diameter of the shaft foundation piece is 101.6mm.
Still further: the laser power of the laser heads in the steps S1, S3, S4 and S5 is selected to be 50-950KW.
Still further: in the process of stacking the first section of blades, the second section of blades and the blade disc, the step S3 and the step S5 are used for stacking a layer of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating on the surfaces of the first section of blades, the second section of blades and the blade disc through sectional processing.
Still further: the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating is formed by throwing materials into a second powder feeder, connecting the second powder feeder with a 3D laser printer and stacking the coating through laser printing.
Still further: the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating is made of one or B of metal materials of 316L, 17-4PH, 15-5PH, 420, 18Ni300, alSi10Mg, coCrMoW, coCrMo, IN625, IN718, GH3536 and CuSn10 4 C、Al 2 O 3 、WC、TiB 2 、B 4 One of the ceramic materials in N.
Still further: the rotating speeds of the powder feeders of the first powder feeder and the second powder feeder are 280-900r/min.
After the structure is adopted, the impeller is manufactured by adopting the mixed manufacturing and processing of the combination of the additive manufacturing and the subtractive manufacturing, so that the supporting surface can be effectively reduced, the powder waste can be effectively reduced, the time for supporting and polishing in the aspect of post-treatment can be effectively reduced, and the impeller manufacturing efficiency can be improved; the invention can melt the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coatings on the surfaces of the first section of blades, the second section of blades and the impeller, thereby improving the surface performance and playing roles of reducing the wear and prolonging the service life of the impeller.
Drawings
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a shaft-like base member and a portion of a cover plate.
Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of the first stage impeller manufacture.
Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of a second stage impeller process.
Fig. 4 is a schematic illustration of the third stage impeller manufacture.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the impeller.
Fig. 6 is a structural view of a second stage blade and a blisk.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an impeller mixed manufacturing process, which comprises the following specific processing steps:
s1: additive manufacturing processes shaft-like base and part of the cover plate: firstly, selecting a base material, pouring the base material into a first powder feeder, connecting the first powder feeder with a 3D laser printer, setting a first coordinate system and a first zero point, and 3D printing an axle base piece and a part of cover plate through a DMD technology;
s2: manufacturing and processing a shaft-shaped base piece and a part of cover plate by reducing materials: fixing the shaft base piece 1 and part of the cover plate 2 which are manufactured and processed in the step S1 on a rotary workbench of a processing center, resetting a second coordinate system and a second zero point, and milling and 3D printing the shaft base piece 1 and part of the cover plate 2 shown in the figure 1 by using a four-axis linkage numerical control processing technology;
s3: processing a first section of impeller: as shown in fig. 2, a 3D laser printer is controlled to enable a laser head to extend into a machining center, a coordinate system and a zero point are correspondingly adjusted according to a fixed shaft base piece and a part of cover plate, a first section of blade 3 and a support 4 are piled on the shaft base piece, in the piling process, the laser head only moves in the X, Y, Z axial direction, then five-axis linkage is realized through the movement of a rotary workbench of the machining center, a required first section of blade shape is piled, and then a numerical control milling cutter is used for carrying out finish machining on the first section of blade part according to a second coordinate system and a second zero point;
s4: processing a second section impeller: controlling the laser head to support the upper laser stacking part upper cover plate 5 and the lower cover plate 6 manufactured in an additive manner in step S3 as shown in FIG. 3;
s5: processing a third section of impeller: the second section of blades 7 and the blade disc 8 shown in fig. 6 are piled up in the process of rotating a workbench of a machining center by using a laser head as shown in fig. 4, then numerical control milling machining is carried out through the machining center, the surface precision of the blades and the blade disc is improved, finally an upper cover plate is piled up by using laser and numerical control milling is carried out, and the impeller shown in fig. 5 is machined.
The substrate in the step S1 is made of 316L or TC4 metal material; the length of the shaft foundation piece manufactured in the additive manufacturing step S1 is 146mm, and the diameter of the shaft foundation piece is 101.6mm.
The laser power of the laser heads in the steps S1, S3, S4 and S5 is selected to be 50-950KW.
In the process of stacking the first section of blades, the second section of blades and the blade disc, the step S3 and the step S5 are used for stacking a layer of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating on the surfaces of the first section of blades, the second section of blades and the blade disc through sectional processing.
The wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating is formed by throwing materials into a second powder feeder, connecting the second powder feeder with a 3D laser printer, and stacking the coating through laser printing.
The wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating is made of one or B of 316L, 17-4PH, 15-5PH, 420, 18Ni300, alSi10Mg, coCrMoW, coCrMo, IN625, IN718, GH3536 and CuSn10 4 C、Al 2 O 3 、WC、TiB 2 、B 4 One of the ceramic materials in N.
The rotating speed of the powder feeder of the first powder feeder and the second powder feeder is 280-900r/min.

Claims (1)

1. The impeller mixing manufacturing process is characterized in that: the specific processing steps are as follows:
s1: additive manufacturing processes shaft-like base and part of the cover plate: firstly, selecting a base material, pouring the base material into a first powder feeder, connecting the first powder feeder with a 3D laser printer, setting a first coordinate system and a first zero point, and 3D printing an axle base piece and a part of cover plate through a DMD technology;
s2: manufacturing and processing a shaft-shaped base piece and a part of cover plate by reducing materials: fixing the shaft base piece and part of the cover plate manufactured and processed in the step S1 on a rotary workbench of a processing center, resetting a second coordinate system and a second zero point, and milling the shaft base piece and part of the cover plate which are printed out in a 3D mode by using a four-axis linkage numerical control processing technology;
s3: processing a first section of impeller: firstly controlling a 3D laser printer to enable a laser head to extend into a machining center, correspondingly adjusting a coordinate system and a zero point according to a fixed shaft base piece and a part of cover plate, stacking a first section of blade and a support on the shaft base piece, enabling the laser head to only move in the X, Y, Z shaft direction in the stacking process, enabling the laser head to realize five-shaft linkage through the movement of a rotary workbench of the machining center, stacking a required first section of blade shape, and then carrying out finish machining on the first section of blade part by utilizing a numerical control milling cutter according to a second coordinate system and a second zero point;
s4: processing a second section impeller: controlling the laser head to accumulate part of the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate on the support manufactured in the step S3;
s5: processing a third section of impeller: stacking a second section of blades and a blade disc by using a laser head in the rotating process of a rotating workbench of a machining center, then carrying out numerical control milling machining through the machining center to improve the surface precision of the blades and the blade disc, and finally stacking an upper cover plate by using laser and carrying out numerical control milling to finish machining of an impeller; the second section of blades are positioned radially outwards of the first section of blades;
the base material in the step S1 is made of 316L or TC4 metal material;
the length of the shaft foundation piece manufactured in the step S1 is 146mm, and the diameter is 101.6mm;
the laser power selection range of the laser heads in the step S1, the step S3, the step S4 and the step S5 is 50-950KW;
in the step S3 and the step S5, in the process of stacking the first section of blades, the second section of blades and the blade disc, a layer of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating is stacked on the surfaces of the first section of blades, the second section of blades and the blade disc through sectional processing;
the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating is formed by throwing materials into a second powder feeder, connecting the second powder feeder with a 3D laser printer, and printing and stacking the coating by laser;
the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating is made of one or B of metal materials of 316L, 17-4PH, 15-5PH, 420, 18Ni300, alSi10Mg, coCrMoW, coCrMo, IN625, IN718, GH3536 and CuSn10 4 C、Al 2 O 3 、WC、TiB 2 、B 4 One of the ceramic materials in N;
the rotating speeds of the powder feeders of the first powder feeder and the second powder feeder are 280-900r/min.
CN202111034509.4A 2021-09-03 2021-09-03 Impeller mixing manufacturing process Active CN113638773B (en)

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CN114570940B (en) * 2022-01-25 2024-04-02 广东增减材科技有限公司 Valve core material increasing and decreasing method and valve core structure

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CN107253025A (en) * 2017-06-14 2017-10-17 南京辉锐光电科技有限公司 A kind of impeller manufacture method
DE102016211605A1 (en) * 2016-06-28 2017-12-28 Bühler Motor GmbH METHOD FOR PRODUCING A CIRCULAR PUMP WHEEL
CN107931844A (en) * 2017-11-14 2018-04-20 广东工业大学 A kind of impeller chip off-falling destressing laser-impact forges reproducing method and device
CN108468654A (en) * 2018-04-09 2018-08-31 张家港市海工船舶机械制造有限公司 A kind of half-opened impeller and its manufacturing method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016120480A1 (en) * 2016-10-27 2018-05-03 Man Diesel & Turbo Se Method for producing a turbomachine wheel

Patent Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016211605A1 (en) * 2016-06-28 2017-12-28 Bühler Motor GmbH METHOD FOR PRODUCING A CIRCULAR PUMP WHEEL
CN107253025A (en) * 2017-06-14 2017-10-17 南京辉锐光电科技有限公司 A kind of impeller manufacture method
CN107931844A (en) * 2017-11-14 2018-04-20 广东工业大学 A kind of impeller chip off-falling destressing laser-impact forges reproducing method and device
CN108468654A (en) * 2018-04-09 2018-08-31 张家港市海工船舶机械制造有限公司 A kind of half-opened impeller and its manufacturing method

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