CN113637455A - Multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN113637455A
CN113637455A CN202110815523.1A CN202110815523A CN113637455A CN 113637455 A CN113637455 A CN 113637455A CN 202110815523 A CN202110815523 A CN 202110815523A CN 113637455 A CN113637455 A CN 113637455A
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water stemming
additive
component water
water
stope
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CN113637455B (en
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刘建国
王天暘
林明磊
金龙哲
汪澍
欧盛南
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/22—Materials not provided for elsewhere for dust-laying or dust-absorbing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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Abstract

The invention provides a multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of treatment of blasting smoke dust of metal mines. The additive comprises the following materials in percentage by mass: CaCl250 to 60% of MgCl225-30%, 0.1-1% of nonionic surfactant and 10-25% of water. The water stemming applying the additive can generate fine fog drops and unsaturated oxygen atoms during stope blasting, and has the functions of moistening, dust settling and smoke abatement (mainly containing CO gas and the like). The multi-component water stemming additive is in a solid granular shape after being thermally synthesized, condensed, formed and crushed, and is packaged in a water stemming bag, so that the multi-component water stemming additive is convenient to store, transport and use. The water stemming applying the additive has good dust fall and smoke abatement effects on blasting of metal mine stopes, and compared with common water stemming, the dust fall rate of total dust and the dust removal rate of smoke abatement are respectively improved by more than 50.0 percent and 49.0 percent, and the smoke abatement rate of the water stemming applying the additive is improved by more than 50.0 percent.

Description

Multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal mine stope blasting smoke dust treatment, in particular to a multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The stope blasting operation can generate a large amount of dust instantly, and the dust has important influence on the safety and health of underground workers. The factors of large explosive loading amount, unreasonable explosive loading structure and the like can cause insufficient oxygen content during explosive blasting, and further toxic and harmful gases such as CO and the like are generated. A large amount of dust and toxic and harmful gas can seriously harm the health of underground operators, cause pneumoconiosis and poisoning, and can also pollute the atmospheric environment after being discharged to the ground through a return air shaft. Therefore, the method has significant significance in treating the blasting smoke dust of the stope by adopting effective measures.
The water stemming is a technology for treating stope blasting smoke dust from a source, is vaporized into fine fog drops and unsaturated oxygen atoms during stope blasting, and the fine fog drops can contact, collide, moisten, agglomerate and the like with dust, so that the water stemming has a dust fall effect; the unsaturated oxygen atoms can react with CO to form CO2Has smoke eliminating effect. However, the common water solution type water stemming is mainly used for dust fall and smoke elimination in blasting excavation of a small-section rock roadway, is not applied to blasting of a metal nonmetallic mine stope, and is still not ideal in dust fall and smoke elimination effects, so that research and development of multi-component high-efficiency water stemming has important significance for improving the control rate of blasting smoke dust of the stope and green and healthy development of mines.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting and a preparation method thereof, aiming at improving the defects of the existing water stemming.
The additive comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: CaCl250 to 60% of MgCl225-30%, 0.1-1% of nonionic surfactant and 10-25% of water.
Wherein, the nonionic surfactant is prepared by compounding triton X-100 and detergent 6501 according to the mass fraction of 3: 1.
The preparation method of the additive comprises the following steps:
(1) taking CaCl according to the proportion2And MgCl2Mixing thoroughly to obtain chloride mixture, and preparing non-ionic watchSurfactant for later use;
(2) putting a mixture of water and chloride salt with equal mass into a dissolving tank, stirring until the mixture is completely dissolved, and then starting heating;
(3) continuously stirring the solution in the heating process, stopping heating when the solution begins to separate out layered solids, simultaneously rapidly adding the nonionic surfactant in proportion, and stirring to fully mix;
(4) and (4) pouring the mixture obtained in the step (3) into a mold for cooling, and then demolding and crushing to obtain the multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting.
Wherein, the dissolving tank in the step (2) is made of 304 high-temperature resistant stainless steel, and the solution is heated to boil in the step (2).
The solution temperature is 130-150 ℃ when the heating is stopped in the step (3).
The cooling liquid for guiding the mixture into the mold in the step (4) is water, and the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than 10 ℃; the mold is cylindrical, and the diameter of the mold is 2-5 cm.
And (4) the particle size of the crushed multi-component water stemming additive particles is less than 0.8 mm.
When in use, the multi-component water stemming additive is sealed into a water stemming bag, the volume of the water stemming bag is one third of the volume of the water stemming bag, and then the water stemming bag is filled with water and can be used after being completely dissolved.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the water stemming solution has high density, small surface tension, great distribution range and good dust settling and smoke eliminating effect, and can generate great amount of fine fog drops and unsaturated oxygen atoms under the action of detonation wave. Compared with common water stemming, the water stemming has the advantages that the dust fall rate of the whole dust and the dust exhaust rate are respectively improved by 50.0 percent and 49.0 percent in field measurement, and the smoke elimination rate of CO is improved by more than 50.0 percent.
(2) The multi-component water stemming additive is in a solid block shape after thermal synthesis and condensation molding, has a particle size of less than 0.8mm after being crushed, and is packaged in a water stemming bag, thereby being convenient for storage, transportation and use.
(3) The main material of the multi-component water stemming additiveFeed CaCl2And MgCl2The source is wide, the price is low, so that the cost is low and the cost performance is high.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, the following detailed description is given with reference to specific embodiments.
The invention provides a multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting and a preparation method thereof.
The additive comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: CaCl250 to 60% of MgCl225-30%, 0.1-1% of nonionic surfactant and 10-25% of water.
Wherein, the nonionic surfactant is prepared by compounding triton X-100 and detergent 6501 according to the mass fraction of 3: 1.
The preparation method of the additive comprises the following steps:
(1) taking CaCl according to the proportion2And MgCl2Fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a chloride salt mixture, and preparing a non-ionic surfactant for later use;
(2) putting a mixture of water and chloride salt with equal mass into a dissolving tank, stirring until the mixture is completely dissolved, and then starting heating;
(3) continuously stirring the solution in the heating process, stopping heating when the solution begins to separate out layered solids, simultaneously rapidly adding the nonionic surfactant in proportion, and stirring to fully mix;
(4) and (4) pouring the mixture obtained in the step (3) into a mold for cooling, and then demolding and crushing to obtain the multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting.
The following description is given with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: CaCl240% of MgCl220% and 0.1% of a nonionic surfactant.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) taking mass fraction40% CaCl2With MgCl with the mass fraction of 20 percent2Fully mixing to obtain a chloride salt mixture; compounding a nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 and a detergent 6501 according to the mass fraction of 3:1, and stirring the mixture until the mixture is fully mixed.
(2) Putting a mixture of equal mass of water and chloride salt into a dissolving tank, stirring until the mixture is completely dissolved, and then heating until the solution is boiled;
(3) continuously stirring the solution in the heating process, stopping heating when the solution begins to separate out a layered solid, simultaneously adding a non-ionic surfactant with the mass fraction of 0.1%, and stirring to fully mix the solution;
(4) and finally, pouring the mixture into a mold for cooling, then demolding, crushing, and packaging the multi-component water stemming additive into a water stemming bag, wherein the volume of the water stemming bag is one third of the volume of the water stemming bag, and the preparation of the multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting is completed.
Example 2
The multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: CaCl250% of MgCl225% and 0.5% of nonionic surfactant.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) taking CaCl with the mass fraction of 50%2With MgCl with a mass fraction of 25%2Fully mixing to obtain a chloride salt mixture; compounding a nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 and a detergent 6501 according to the mass fraction of 3:1, and stirring the mixture until the mixture is fully mixed.
(2) Putting a mixture of equal mass of water and chloride salt into a dissolving tank, stirring until the mixture is completely dissolved, and then heating until the solution is boiled;
(3) continuously stirring the solution in the heating process, stopping heating when the solution begins to separate out a layered solid, simultaneously adding a non-ionic surfactant with the mass fraction of 0.5%, and stirring to fully mix the solution;
(4) and finally, pouring the mixture into a mold for cooling, then demolding, crushing, and packaging the multi-component water stemming additive into a water stemming bag, wherein the volume of the water stemming bag is one third of the volume of the water stemming bag, and the preparation of the multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting is completed.
Example 3
The multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: CaCl260% of MgCl230% and 0.1% of nonionic surfactant.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) taking 60 percent of CaCl by mass fraction2With MgCl with the mass fraction of 30 percent2Fully mixing to obtain a chloride salt mixture; compounding a nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 and a detergent 6501 according to the mass fraction of 3:1, and stirring the mixture until the mixture is fully mixed.
(2) Putting a mixture of equal mass of water and chloride salt into a dissolving tank, stirring until the mixture is completely dissolved, and then heating until the solution is boiled;
(3) continuously stirring the solution in the heating process, stopping heating when the solution begins to separate out a layered solid, simultaneously adding a non-ionic surfactant with the mass fraction of 0.1%, and stirring to fully mix the solution;
(4) and finally, pouring the mixture into a mold for cooling, then demolding, crushing, and packaging the multi-component water stemming additive into a water stemming bag, wherein the volume of the water stemming bag is one third of the volume of the water stemming bag, and the preparation of the multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting is completed.
Example 4
The multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: CaCl250% of MgCl225% and 1% of nonionic surfactant.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) taking CaCl with the mass fraction of 50%2With MgCl with a mass fraction of 25%2Fully mixing to obtain a chloride salt mixture; compounding a nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 and a detergent 6501 according to the mass fraction of 3:1, and stirring the mixture until the mixture is fully mixed.
(2) Putting a mixture of equal mass of water and chloride salt into a dissolving tank, stirring until the mixture is completely dissolved, and then heating until the solution is boiled;
(3) continuously stirring the solution in the heating process, stopping heating when the solution begins to separate out a layered solid, simultaneously adding 1% by mass of a nonionic surfactant, and stirring to fully mix the solution;
(4) and finally, pouring the mixture into a mold for cooling, then demolding, crushing, and packaging the multi-component water stemming additive into a water stemming bag, wherein the volume of the water stemming bag is one third of the volume of the water stemming bag, and the preparation of the multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting is completed.
Example 5
The multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: CaCl260% of MgCl230% and 1% of nonionic surfactant.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) taking 60 percent of CaCl by mass fraction2With MgCl with the mass fraction of 30 percent2Fully mixing to obtain a chloride salt mixture; compounding a nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 and a detergent 6501 according to the mass fraction of 3:1, and stirring the mixture until the mixture is fully mixed.
(2) Putting a mixture of equal mass of water and chloride salt into a dissolving tank, stirring until the mixture is completely dissolved, and then heating until the solution is boiled;
(3) continuously stirring the solution in the heating process, stopping heating when the solution begins to separate out a layered solid, simultaneously adding 1% by mass of a nonionic surfactant, and stirring to fully mix the solution;
(4) and finally, pouring the mixture into a mold for cooling, then demolding, crushing, and packaging the multi-component water stemming additive into a water stemming bag, wherein the volume of the water stemming bag is one third of the volume of the water stemming bag, and the preparation of the multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting is completed.
Firstly, in order to test the dust fall performance of the multi-component blister mud, a test is carried out on a certain metal mine blasting stope. Before the stope blasting, the multi-component water stemming additives prepared in the embodiments 1-5 are respectively taken and subjected toFilling the additive into a polyethylene water stemming bag with the diameter of 8cm and the length of 80cm, wherein the volume of the additive is one third of the volume of the water stemming bag, filling the water stemming bag with water, and filling 1 water stemming into each blast hole. In the test process, the concentrations of total dust (Q) and expiration dust (C) in a stope are measured by adopting a dust sampler, and the data are recorded to calculate the total-dust relative dust fall rate eta of the multi-component water stemming relative to the common water stemmingQAnd relative dust fall rate eta of dust expirationC：
Figure BDA0003169894630000061
Figure BDA0003169894630000062
In the formula, Q0Is the total dust concentration of common water stemming in mg/cm3；Q1Is the total dust concentration of the multi-component water stemming in mg/cm3；C0The dust-discharging concentration is mg/cm when filling common water stemming3；C1Is the breathing dust concentration of the multi-component water stemming in mg/cm3。
Secondly, in order to test the smoke elimination performance of the multi-component water stemming, when the dust concentration is measured, an SJ-2104Jlus sensor is adopted to carry out on-line monitoring on the concentration of CO gas, the maximum value (P) of the concentration of CO after stope blasting when the water stemming of different embodiments is applied is recorded, and the smoke elimination efficiency eta of the multi-component water stemming relative to the common water stemming is calculatedP：
Figure BDA0003169894630000063
In the formula, P0The concentration is the concentration of CO in ppm when common water stemming is filled; p1The concentration of CO is ppm when the multi-component water stemming is filled.
TABLE 1 relative dustfall rate and relative smoke abatement rate of the stemming obtained in each example
Figure BDA0003169894630000064
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. The multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting is characterized in that: the concrete components are as follows by mass percent: CaCl250 to 60% of MgCl225-30%, 0.1-1% of nonionic surfactant and 10-25% of water.
2. The multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting according to claim 1, wherein: the nonionic surfactant is prepared by compounding Triton X-100 and a detergent 6501 according to the mass fraction of 3: 1.
3. The method for preparing the multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) taking CaCl according to the proportion2And MgCl2Fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a chloride salt mixture, and preparing a non-ionic surfactant for later use;
(2) putting a mixture of water and chloride salt with equal mass into a dissolving tank, stirring until the mixture is completely dissolved, and then starting heating;
(3) continuously stirring the solution in the heating process, stopping heating when the solution begins to separate out layered solids, simultaneously rapidly adding the nonionic surfactant in proportion, and stirring to fully mix;
(4) and (4) pouring the mixture obtained in the step (3) into a mold for cooling, and then demolding and crushing to obtain the multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting.
4. The method for preparing the multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) heating the dissolving tank in the step (2) to boil the solution, wherein the dissolving tank is made of 304 high-temperature-resistant stainless steel.
5. The method for preparing the multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (4) stopping heating in the step (3), wherein the temperature of the solution is 130-150 ℃.
6. The method for preparing the multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cooling liquid for guiding the mixture into the mold in the step (4) is water, and the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than 10 ℃; the mold is cylindrical, and the diameter of the mold is 2-5 cm.
7. The method for preparing the multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the grain diameter of the multi-component water stemming additive particles crushed in the step (4) is less than 0.8 mm.
8. The multi-component water stemming additive for stope blasting according to claim 1, wherein: when in use, the multi-component water stemming additive is sealed into a water stemming bag, the volume of the water stemming bag is one third of the volume of the water stemming bag, and then the water stemming bag is filled with water and can be used after being completely dissolved.
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CN1570013A (en) * 2004-04-30 2005-01-26 北京科技大学 Dust suppression fire retardant
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