CN113627729B - Method and device for determining product quantity and electronic device - Google Patents
Method and device for determining product quantity and electronic device Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G06Q10/0875—Itemisation or classification of parts, supplies or services, e.g. bill of materials
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- G06Q30/00—Commerce
- G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
- G06Q30/0601—Electronic shopping [e-shopping]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for determining the quantity of products and an electronic device. Wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring option information of products to be purchased, wherein the option information represents an option relationship between a first object and a second object, the first object provides the products to be purchased for the second object, and the option information at least comprises cost sharing proportion and option cost, and the cost sharing proportion represents a loss proportion born by the first object when the first object cannot provide a preset number of products to be purchased for the second object; determining a benefit function corresponding to the first object and a cost function corresponding to the second object according to the cost sharing proportion and option cost; and determining the reserve quantity of the first object reserve to purchase the product according to the benefit function and the cost function. The invention solves the technical problem that in the prior art, a supplier cannot provide a proper amount of reserved products.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of computers, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for determining a product quantity, and an electronic device.
Background
Currently, when a product transaction is performed between enterprises, rights and obligations of both buyers and sellers are generally defined in the form of a contract, for example, a processing method when a distribution transformer fails in quality is defined between a demand side and a supplier side by contracting. The contracts may include option contracts and option contracts, among others.
Under the condition that the buyer and the seller sign an option-free contract, the demander can only make a purchasing decision once, once the quality catastrophe occurs, namely the quality problem occurs in the product provided by the supplier, and the quantity of the product with the quality problem exceeds the redundant quantity in the purchasing quantity, the demander is required to bear the backout loss. Thus, in this scenario, the demander needs to purchase as many products as possible to reduce the possible loss of stock, but purchasing too many products may cause problems with the demander's capital occupation and thus insufficient mobile funds or even broken capital chains.
To solve the above problems, the present invention can solve the above problems by adopting a method that the buyer and the seller sign an option contract. The upstream supplier and downstream demander provide a quantity of emergency reserves to the supplier by way of an option. However, since a certain cost is required for producing the reserve material, a certain option fee is required for the downstream demand side. The number of the emergency reserves is determined by the supplier according to a plurality of parameters such as the number of first orders of the demander, production cost, probability of occurrence of quality catastrophe and the like. Meanwhile, the unit product option cost should be lower than the unit product production cost, otherwise, the supplier would tend to make more reserves without worrying about the product production cost, and the unit product option cost should be higher than a certain lower limit value, which is determined by a plurality of parameters together, otherwise, the supplier would not make sufficient reserves due to cost pressure.
It follows that an accurate determination of the reserve amount of reserve product provided by the supplier ensures that the benefits of both the supplier and the demander are not compromised, however, in the prior art, a reasonable reserve amount of reserve product cannot be accurately determined.
In view of the above problems, no effective solution has been proposed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a method, a device and an electronic device for determining the quantity of products, which are used for at least solving the technical problem that a supplier cannot provide a proper quantity of reserved products in the prior art.
According to an aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for determining the number of products, including: acquiring option information of products to be purchased, wherein the option information represents an option relationship between a first object and a second object, the first object provides the products to be purchased for the second object, and the option information at least comprises cost sharing proportion and option cost, and the cost sharing proportion represents a loss proportion born by the first object when the first object cannot provide a preset number of products to be purchased for the second object; determining a benefit function corresponding to the first object and a cost function corresponding to the second object according to the cost sharing proportion and option cost; and determining the reserve quantity of the first object reserve to purchase the product according to the benefit function and the cost function.
Further, the method for determining the number of products further comprises the following steps: acquiring unit production cost corresponding to the product to be purchased, abnormal probability of abnormality of the product to be purchased and unit sales cost of the product to be purchased; and determining option fees corresponding to the products to be purchased according to the production cost, the abnormal probability and the unit sales cost.
Further, the method for determining the number of products further comprises the following steps: acquiring a distribution function corresponding to the abnormal quantity, unit production cost corresponding to the product to be purchased, unit sales cost of the product to be purchased and initial purchase quantity of the product to be purchased by the second object from option information, wherein the abnormal quantity is the quantity of the product to be purchased which is abnormal; determining a first benefit function according to the distribution function; calculating to obtain a second profit function according to the unit production cost, the unit sales cost and the initial purchase quantity; calculating to obtain a third profit function according to option cost, reserve quantity and unit production cost; and calculating the sum of the first benefit function, the second benefit function and the third benefit function to obtain the benefit function.
Further, the method for determining the number of products further comprises the following steps: acquiring a distribution function corresponding to the abnormal quantity, unit sales cost of the product to be purchased and initial purchase quantity of the product to be purchased by the second object from option information, wherein the abnormal quantity is the quantity of the product to be purchased which is abnormal; determining a first cost function according to the distribution function; calculating to obtain a second cost function according to the unit sales cost and the initial purchase quantity; calculating a third cost function according to option fees and unit production cost; and calculating the sum of the first cost function, the second cost function and the third cost function to obtain a cost function.
Further, the method for determining the number of products further comprises the following steps: determining an objective function from the benefit function and the cost function according to option information; and determining the corresponding reserve quantity of the product to be purchased based on the objective function.
Further, the method for determining the number of products further comprises the following steps: under the condition that the objective function is determined to be a benefit function, calculating the maximum benefit corresponding to the benefit function; and when the value of the profit function is determined to be the maximum profit, the reserve quantity corresponding to the first object is the target reserve quantity.
Further, the method for determining the number of products further comprises the following steps: under the condition that the objective function is determined to be a cost function, calculating the minimum cost corresponding to the cost function; calculating the target purchase quantity of the product to be purchased by the second object when the value of the cost function is the minimum cost; and determining the reserve quantity corresponding to the first object according to the target purchase quantity.
Further, the method for determining the number of products further comprises the following steps: after determining the reserve quantity of the first object reserve product to be purchased according to the benefit function and the cost function, the reserve quantity is sent to the product generation system so that the product generation system can produce the product to be purchased according to the reserve quantity.
According to another aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a device for determining the number of products, including: the acquisition module is used for acquiring option information of the product to be purchased, wherein the option information represents an option relationship between a first object and a second object, the first object provides the product to be purchased for the second object, the option information at least comprises a cost sharing proportion and option cost, and the cost sharing proportion represents a loss proportion born by the first object when the first object cannot provide a preset number of products to be purchased for the second object; the first determining module is used for determining a benefit function corresponding to the first object and a cost function corresponding to the second object according to the cost sharing proportion and option cost; and the second determining module is used for determining the reserve quantity of the products to be purchased reserved by the first object according to the benefit function and the cost function.
According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided an electronic device including a memory in which a computer program is stored, and a processor configured to run the computer program to perform the above-described method of determining the number of products.
In the embodiment of the invention, a reasonable product reserve quantity is determined according to the cost sharing proportion and the option cost in the option information, after the option information of the product to be purchased is acquired, a benefit function corresponding to the first object and a cost function corresponding to the second object are determined according to the cost sharing proportion and the option cost in the option information, and then the reserve quantity of the product to be purchased reserved by the first object is determined according to the benefit function and the cost function.
In the above process, the profit function of the supplier (i.e. the first object) is determined according to the cost sharing proportion and the option fee, and then the reserve quantity of the reserve product of the supplier is determined according to the profit function, and the determination of the reserve quantity comprehensively considers the profit of the supplier and the cost of the demander (i.e. the second object), so that the supplier can be ensured to provide sufficient product for the demander on the basis of not damaging the interests of the two parties.
Therefore, the scheme provided by the application achieves the purpose of accurately determining the quantity of reasonable reserved products, so that the technical effect of providing sufficient products for the demander on the basis of guaranteeing the income of the supplier is achieved, and the technical problem that the supplier cannot provide the reserved products in proper quantity in the prior art is solved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation on the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of determining a product quantity according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an alternative option decision model in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a device for determining the number of products according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and the claims of the present invention and the above figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the invention described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Example 1
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an embodiment of a method for determining the number of products, it being noted that the steps shown in the flowchart of the figures may be performed in a computer system, such as a set of computer executable instructions, and, although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in an order other than that shown or described herein.
In addition, it should be noted that, in this embodiment, the computing device may be used as an execution body for executing the method provided in this embodiment, where the computing device may be, but is not limited to, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, a smart tablet, a smart phone, and the like.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of determining the quantity of a product according to an embodiment of the invention, as shown in FIG. 1, the method comprising the steps of:
step S102, option information of the product to be purchased is obtained, wherein the option information represents that an option relationship exists between a first object and a second object, and the first object provides the product to be purchased to the second object.
In step S102, the first object is a supplier, the second object is a demander, and an option contract is signed between the first object and the second object, where the option contract at least includes option information corresponding to the process of purchasing the product to be purchased for the supplier.
Optionally, the option information includes at least a cost sharing ratio and an option cost, the cost sharing ratio indicates a loss ratio borne by the first object when the first object is unable to provide the second object with a preset number of products to be purchased, for example, in a model block diagram of an option decision shown in fig. 2, the demand party may determine an initial purchase amount and bear a partial backorder loss, and the supplier determines a reserve amount of reserve products and bears a partial backorder loss.
In an alternative embodiment, the computing device may read the option contract agreed by the first object and the second object, and the computing device may obtain the option information of the product to be purchased by analyzing the option contract. Wherein the first subject user or the second subject user may enter the option contract into the computing device in text, images, video, or the like. For example, a first object takes a photograph of an option contract and inputs the photograph into a computing device; for another example, the computing device scans option contracts through the scanning device, performs text extraction on the scanned files, and then inputs the extracted text into the computing device; for another example, the option contract is composed of a plurality of text files, in the scene, the process of turning over the option contract by the first object can be acquired by means of video image acquisition, the generated video files are transmitted to the computing device, and the computing device analyzes the obtained video files to obtain the option information corresponding to the option contract.
Step S104, determining a benefit function corresponding to the first object and a cost function corresponding to the second object according to the cost sharing proportion and the option cost.
In step S104, the benefit function characterizes a mathematical expression of the profit that the supply direction demand side provides the product to be purchased, and the cost function characterizes a mathematical expression of the cost that the demand side needs to purchase the product to be purchased.
Step S106, determining the reserve quantity of the products to be purchased of the first object according to the benefit function and the cost function.
It should be noted that, besides the cost sharing proportion and option cost, the benefit function and the cost function also include the reserve quantity of the product to be purchased reserved by the supplier, that is, the reserve quantity is a variable value in the benefit function and the cost function, and the reserve quantity corresponding to the product to be purchased can be obtained by solving the benefit function and the cost function.
Based on the above-mentioned schemes defined in steps S102 to S106, it can be known that, in the embodiment of the present invention, a reasonable product reserve amount is determined according to the cost sharing ratio and the option cost in the option information, after the option information of the product to be purchased is obtained, a benefit function corresponding to the first object and a cost function corresponding to the second object are determined according to the cost sharing ratio and the option cost in the option information, and then the reserve amount of the product to be purchased is determined according to the benefit function and the cost function.
It is easy to note that in the above process, the profit function of the supplier (i.e. the first object) is determined according to the cost sharing proportion and the option fee, and further the reserve amount of the reserve product of the supplier is determined according to the profit function, and the determination of the reserve amount comprehensively considers the profit of the supplier and the cost of the demander (i.e. the second object), so that the supplier can be ensured to provide sufficient product for the demander without damaging the interests of the two parties.
Therefore, the scheme provided by the application achieves the purpose of accurately determining the quantity of reasonable reserved products, so that the technical effect of providing sufficient products for the demander on the basis of guaranteeing the income of the supplier is achieved, and the technical problem that the supplier cannot provide the reserved products in proper quantity in the prior art is solved.
In an alternative embodiment, the computing device first needs to obtain option information for the product to be purchased before determining the benefit function and the cost function from the option information. Specifically, the computing device obtains the unit production cost corresponding to the product to be purchased, the abnormal probability of the product to be purchased and the unit sales cost of the product to be purchased, and determines option fees corresponding to the product to be purchased according to the production cost, the abnormal probability and the unit sales cost.
Optionally, the range of option charges e may satisfy the following formula:
c-[kw e +km(1-β)]＜e＜c
in the above formula, c is the unit production cost for producing the unit product; k is the probability of quality catastrophe of the product to be purchased (i.e. the probability of anomaly from above); w (w) e The unit sales cost, i.e., unit price, for the product; m represents the transitional unit cost of the demand side; beta represents the proportion of cost sharing that the supplier assumes when out of stock.
It should be noted that in the above formula, the unit option fee should be lower than the production cost of the unit product produced by the supplier, i.e. e < c. If e.gtoreq.c, the supplier may reserve too much product to earn the spread (arbitrage). Meanwhile, the lower limit guarantee of unit option fees is ensured to ensure the benefit of the suppliers, so that the suppliers are willing to make emergency reserves for the demander.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the following limitations are also made:
(1) The wholesale price w of the product is greater than the marginal production cost of the product (i.e., the unit production cost of the above formula) c, which represents an increase in the total cost of the supplier when the yield of the product is increased by 1 unit (e.g., a table). In actual situations, there may be cases where the wholesale price of the product is less than the marginal production cost, the scenario may be caused by problems of rising raw material price, rising management cost, rising tax fee, etc., the probability of occurrence is small, moreover, in long term, the condition that the enterprise can survive is profitable, even if this occurs, the enterprise can make up for the loss from other transactions at all, and therefore, in the present application, the scenario where the wholesale price of the product is less than the marginal production cost of the product is not considered.
(2) w < km, where w is the wholesale price and m is the transitional unit cost of the demander, usually much greater than the wholesale price; k is the probability of a quality mutation (i.e., anomaly probability), typically a constant determined by historical data analysis.
(3) The advance period of purchasing raw materials by the suppliers is long and the production is scheduled, and the equipment cannot be purchased from the spot market, whereby the demander can deal with the uncertainty amount or pay option fees only by increasing the purchase.
(4) Based on the simplification of the discussion of the problem and the consideration that the supplier has made a promise while making an option, in this embodiment, the product purchased by the demander for the first time may undergo a quality disaster, but the quality disaster will not occur again when the product quality changes catastrophically and the option is executed.
(5) Unit option fee e * ＝e-(c-c 1 -c 2 ) The unit product option cost corresponding to the case where the residual value is not considered removes the residual value. Wherein c 1 Representing the maintenance costs required in a unit time of the library c 2 Representing depreciation costs per unit time of the library.
In an alternative embodiment, after acquiring option information of the product to be purchased, the computing device determines a benefit function corresponding to the first object according to the cost sharing proportion and the option cost. Specifically, the computing device obtains a distribution function corresponding to the abnormal quantity, a unit production cost corresponding to the product to be purchased, a unit sales cost of the product to be purchased and an initial purchase quantity of the product to be purchased for the second object from option information, determines a first benefit function according to the distribution function, calculates to obtain a second benefit function according to the unit production cost, the unit sales cost and the initial purchase quantity, calculates to obtain a third benefit function according to option cost, reserve quantity and the unit production cost, and finally calculates the sum of the first benefit function, the second benefit function and the third benefit function to obtain the benefit function. Wherein the abnormal quantity is the quantity of the products to be purchased abnormal.
Alternatively, the benefit function may be represented by the following formula:
the above formula can be simplified as follows:
in the two formulas described above,a benefit function representing a supplier in the option contract; q (Q) w Representing an initial purchase amount of the product purchased by the demander; q e Representing the reserve quantity; q represents the amount of demand that the consumer needs to purchase the product.
Wherein the expected function corresponding to the benefit function may be represented by the following formula:
in the above-mentioned description of the invention,representing the expected function corresponding to the benefit function, F (x) representing the distribution function corresponding to the number of anomalies, where x represents the number of products experiencing a quality catastrophe (i.e., the number of anomalies described above) subject to a density function F (x), x being in the interval [, U]And (3) taking the value.
In addition, in the above formula, the catalyst, representing a first benefit function; (w-c) Q w Representing a second benefit function; eq (eq) e -cq e Representing a third benefit function.
In an alternative embodiment, after acquiring option information of the product to be purchased, the computing device determines a cost function corresponding to the second object according to the cost sharing proportion and the option cost. Specifically, the computing device obtains a distribution function corresponding to the abnormal quantity, unit sales cost of the product to be purchased and initial purchase quantity of the product to be purchased for the second object from option information, determines a first cost function according to the distribution function, calculates to obtain a second cost function according to the unit sales cost and the initial purchase quantity, calculates to obtain a third cost function according to option cost and the unit production cost, and finally calculates the sum of the first cost function, the second cost function and the third cost function to obtain a cost function. Wherein the abnormal quantity is the quantity of the products to be purchased abnormal.
Alternatively, the cost function may be represented by the following formula:
the above formula can be simplified as follows:
in the two formulas described above,a cost function representing a demand side in the option contract; the remaining symbols have the same meaning as symbols in the benefit function, inThis will not be described in detail.
Wherein the expected function corresponding to the cost function may be represented by the following formula:
in the above-mentioned description of the invention,representing the desired function to which the cost function corresponds. In addition, in the above formula, < >> Representing a first cost function wQ w Represents a second cost function, eq e Representing a third cost function.
The reserve quantity of the reserve product of the supplier can be determined by gaming the profit function and the cost function, or by gaming the expected function corresponding to the profit function and the expected function corresponding to the cost function. That is, the computing device determines an objective function from the benefit function and the cost function according to the option information, and the computing device can determine the corresponding reserve quantity of the product to be purchased based on the objective function.
In an alternative embodiment, in the case that the objective function is determined to be the benefit function, the maximum benefit corresponding to the benefit function is calculated, and when the value of the benefit function is determined to be the maximum benefit, the reserve quantity corresponding to the first object is the target reserve quantity.
Optionally, the target reserve amount of the provider provided device determined according to the benefit function is represented by the following formula:
in an alternative embodiment, in the case that the objective function is determined to be the cost function, calculating the minimum cost corresponding to the cost function, and when the value of the cost function is calculated to be the minimum cost, the second object purchases the target purchase quantity of the product to be purchased, and then determining the reserve quantity corresponding to the first object according to the target purchase quantity.
Wherein the target purchase amount of the product purchased by the demander can be expressed by the following formula:
after obtaining the target purchase amount of the product purchased by the demander, the supplier may set a ratio to determine the reserve amount of the reserve product, for example, the ratio is 0.001, and the target purchase amount of the product purchased by the demander is 10000, and the supplier needs to reserve an additional 10 products.
It should be noted that, from the expressions of the target purchase quantity and the target reserve quantity, it is possible to determine the distribution situation of the product quantity (i.e., the abnormal quantity described above) in which the quality catastrophe occurs, and the specific value situation of the plurality of parameters in the entire transaction, such as the initial purchase price, the probability of occurrence of the quality catastrophe (i.e., the abnormal probability described above), the unit option cost, the unit production cost of the product, the option purchase price, the cost sharing ratio when the backdrop loss occurs, and the like.
In practical applications, a ratio between the reserve amount and the initial purchase amount of the demander may be set, and after determining the reserve amount or the initial purchase amount, the computing device may determine the corresponding initial purchase amount or the reserve amount according to the ratio.
In an alternative embodiment, after determining the reserve quantity of the first object reserve for purchase product according to the benefit function and the cost function, the computing device sends the reserve quantity to the product generation system to cause the product generation system to produce the product for purchase in accordance with the reserve quantity.
Optionally, after the computing device sends the reserve amount to the product production system, the product production system calculates an initial purchase amount of the demander according to the reserve amount, and calculates a sum of the reserve amount and the initial purchase amount, the sum being a total amount of products produced by the product production system.
In another alternative embodiment, the computing device further determines whether an option needs to be performed between the requesting party and the supplier based on an initial purchase amount of the product purchased by the requesting party, a demand amount of the product required to be purchased by the requesting party, and a reserve amount of the product reserved by the supplier, before acquiring the option information of the product to be purchased.
Specifically, when x is more than 0 and less than or equal to Q w -at Q, there is no need to perform options between the demander and the supplier; when Q is w -Q＜x≤Q w -Q+q e When the demand side needs to purchase a part of the product through an option contract, wherein the purchase amount (i.e., initial purchase amount) is min { [ x- (Q) w -Q)] + ，q e -a }; when Q is w -Q+q e When x is less than or equal to U, the demand party needs to purchase all products through option contracts, and the supply party is also required to jointly bear transitional cost, wherein the cost sharing proportion can be a constant agreed in advance between the demand party and the supply party.
In order to facilitate a more intuitive understanding, in the present embodiment, the following examples are made based on the actual data provided. Wherein, the demand of the demand party for purchasing the product is: q=200, the unit is "ten pieces" for ease of calculation. Meanwhile, w=6 and c=5, and the unit is "ten thousand yuan". To highlight the direct and indirect losses caused by the lack of stock to the company and society, m=220 is set in units of "ten thousand yuan". F (x) is a uniform distribution over (0, 10), k=0.03, the number of catastrophic products also being in "ten" units, w e =35, in units of "ten thousand yuan". Further, the cost sharing ratio β=0.5 when the loss of stock occurs. For ease of verification, these parameters satisfy the constraints herein, as follows:
Constraint 1: w is greater than c;
constraint 2: w is less than km;
constraint 3: w-kw e ＜e＜w；
Constraint 4: c- [ kw e +km(1-β)]＜e＜c
The value range of e obtained by calculation according to the constraint 3 and the constraint 4 is as follows: e is more than 4.95 and less than 5.
The unit option cost e is very close to the marginal production cost of the supplier, and the main reason is that the stock-out cost is very high and the supplier needs to bear partial stock-out cost once the quality disaster occurs and the stock-out occurs, so that the supplier must compensate and offset the fund occupation possibly caused by stock preparation by agreeing with the demander on a higher unit option cost, and meanwhile, the demander is forced to increase the first purchase quantity as much as possible, and the stock-out quantity possibly caused by the quality disaster is reduced.
In this scenario, the function of e is a continuous function, which can be obtained by calculation according to the limit ideas:
when e=5: q (Q) * w ＝201，Q ** w ＝202.4，Q *** w ＝200.5，q * e ＝9.5；
When e=4.95: q (Q) * w ＝201，Q ** w ＝202.4，Q *** w ＝200.0，q * e ＝9.0；
From the different values of e, it can be seen that when e takes 5, the demand side considers that the unit option cost is high, and once the loss of stock is too large, which may be caused by the occurrence of a quality disaster, the demand side will tend to increase the first purchase amount to avoid the possible loss. Meanwhile, the unit option cost is higher, so that the cost burden caused by stock is reduced by the supplier, and higher stock quantity is also made. When e takes 4.95, the demand side reduces the first purchase amount due to lower unit option cost, and the supply side reduces the stock enthusiasm due to lower unit option cost, but still keeps the relatively high stock amount.
From the above calculation results, the sorting results in three cases are:
Q *** w ＜Q * w ＜Q ** w
the above conclusion shows that under option contracts, the first purchase amount can be reduced appropriately, which is the lowest of the three cases seen in the current parameter environment. This result is achieved for several reasons:
the reason is as follows: under option contracts with cost sharing, though the unit backloss is very large, say 220 (ten thousand yuan), the upstream suppliers will bear 50% of the loss quota, so the suppliers need not to bear the higher initial order amount even if backloss occurs, thus increasing the capability of uncertainty in terms of demand and increasing the capability of risk coping through cooperation, so the option contracts with cost sharing deepen the degree of cooperation of the two parties, so the two parties form a fortune community in such a situation, but the basis of this cooperation is that the suppliers are in the dominant position of gaming in the course of cooperation, otherwise the suppliers will not sign cost sharing contracts together. At the same time, another reason for the lower initial purchase under option contracts with cost sharing is the relatively low probability of catastrophe occurring (k=0.03), which also reduces the desirability of multiple orders by the demander to some extent.
The reason is as follows: with decentralized decision making and no ownership, the upstream suppliers do not take over the loss of stock, so the consumers must consider the individual face of uncertainty, possibly causing a huge loss once the disaster occurs, at which point the consumers will tend to increase the initial subscription amount (Q) because there is no cost sharing * w =201), the initial purchase amount in this scenario is greater than under option contracts with cost sharing. However, due to the limitations of purchasing costs, it is not possible for the demander to bring the initial purchase amount beyond their bearing capacity, and only an optimal decision can be made within a certain range. Meanwhile, in the parameter setting, the value of x in F (x) is 10 at maximum, and meanwhile, the disaster occurrence probability is relatively small (k=0.03), so that the initial purchase amount can be planned to be a moderate amount in the probability sense.
The three reasons are: under the current parameter environment, the initial purchase amount under the centralized decision is the largest, wherein Q ** w =202.4. The value is determined by the centralized decision-making environment, i.e. the decision making when the two enterprises at the upstream and downstream are regarded as one, obviously, the requirement party does not need to consider the problem of purchasing cost too much at this time, but only needs to pay attention to the challenge brought to uncertainty, and one important method facing uncertainty is to add redundancy, so that the requirement party increases the initial purchasing quantity, but the purchasing quantity cannot be infinitely large, and the decision making is actually the result of optimizing the overall benefit of the supply chain and is influenced by the size of uncertainty and the overall parameter setting.
In addition, under option contract with cost sharing, when e=5, the initial purchase amount of the demand side is Q *** w =200.5, but the stock quantity of the supplier is q * e =9.5, the stock ratio reached a fairly high value of 0.047. Mainly because of the high cost sharing ratio (50%), the loss of stock is also considerable, and to avoid the loss of stock, suppliers have the option to stock more to avoid bearing losses when a quality disaster occurs. When e=4.95, the initial purchase amount of the demand side is Q *** w =200.0, but the stock quantity of the supplier is q * e =9.0, the stock ratio reached a fairly high value of 0.045. The two different values are both obtained with higher stock proportion, which indicates that the supplier adopts necessary stock quantity to avoid the occurrence of the loss of stock in full force, wherein the most direct reason is huge cost of the loss of stock and higher proportion that the supplier needs to bear.
Alternatively, table 1 shows Q at different parameters * w 、Q ** w 、Q *** w Q * e Is a comparison of (a):
TABLE 1
Real unit option fee e for material division company * The residue value of the unit product is subtracted from the unit option cost e without residue value, namely e * ＝e-(c-c 1 -c 2 ). According to transaction histories of supply and demand parties and a real cost rule, under normal maintenance, the cost of c1 for maintenance cost is 3% -12% of c according to years (considering the best conditions such as oil leakage or collision damage of partial parts due to insufficient hoisting, storage and preservation, and if no damage exists, the cost of detection test can be carried out regularly). Taking c1 as 7% of c; c2 depreciation cost comes from the depreciation policy of power grid equipment under the power grid, and the distribution transformer takes 12 years depreciation, about 8%.
Taking the residual value c-c1-c2 of the unit product as 85% of the product cost, the real option cost of the unit product is kept to 15% of the unit product cost and below (e < c). Thus, by calculation, another reference index can be given: the ratio R of total option fees to total purchase fees, taking the case 2 of table 1 as an example,taking q e 10.0, e * 0.75, Q *** w 231.7, w is 6, then R is up to 0.54%. That is, for 1000 thousands of distribution transformer procurement contracts, if the matching period is 1 year, the emergency reserve contract that should be allocated is 5 ten thousand 4 kiloyuan.
In summary, the actual change is affected by multiple factors, and the overall parameter setting will have a significant impact on the result, so that in practical applications, comprehensive consideration needs to be performed according to the parameter environment to make an optimal decision. At the same time, the reality is always in variation, and many parameters can become larger or smaller, which all need to be dynamically managed and timely adjusted according to specific situations.
Example 2
There is further provided an embodiment of a device for determining a product quantity according to an embodiment of the present invention, where fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the device for determining a product quantity according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3, the device includes: an acquisition module 301, a first determination module 303 and a second determination module 305.
The acquiring module 301 is configured to acquire option information of a product to be purchased, where the option information characterizes an option relationship between a first object and a second object, the first object provides the product to be purchased to the second object, and the option information includes at least a cost sharing proportion and an option cost, and the cost sharing proportion characterizes a loss proportion borne by the first object when the first object cannot provide a preset number of products to be purchased to the second object; a first determining module 303, configured to determine a benefit function corresponding to the first object and a cost function corresponding to the second object according to the cost sharing proportion and the option cost; a second determining module 305 is configured to determine a reserve quantity of the first object reserve the product to be purchased according to the benefit function and the cost function.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned obtaining module 301, the first determining module 303, and the second determining module 305 correspond to steps S102 to S106 in the above-mentioned embodiment, and the three modules are the same as examples and application scenarios implemented by the corresponding steps, but are not limited to those disclosed in the above-mentioned embodiment 1.
Optionally, the acquiring module includes: the first acquisition module and the third determination module. The first acquisition module is used for acquiring unit production cost corresponding to the product to be purchased, abnormal probability of the product to be purchased and unit sales cost of the product to be purchased; and the third determining module is used for determining option fees corresponding to the products to be purchased according to the production cost, the abnormal probability and the unit sales cost.
Optionally, the first determining module includes: the system comprises a second acquisition module, a fourth determination module, a first calculation module, a second calculation module and a third calculation module. The second acquisition module is used for acquiring a distribution function corresponding to the abnormal quantity, unit production cost corresponding to the product to be purchased, unit sales cost of the product to be purchased and initial purchase quantity of the product to be purchased for the second object from option information, wherein the abnormal quantity is the abnormal quantity of the product to be purchased; a fourth determining module, configured to determine a first benefit function according to the distribution function; the first calculation module is used for calculating a second profit function according to the unit production cost, the unit sales cost and the initial purchase quantity; the second calculation module is used for calculating and obtaining a third profit function according to option cost, reserve quantity and unit production cost; and the third calculation module is used for calculating the sum of the first benefit function, the second benefit function and the third benefit function to obtain the benefit function.
Optionally, the first determining module includes: the system comprises a third acquisition module, a fifth determination module, a fourth calculation module, a fifth calculation module and a sixth calculation module. The third acquisition module is used for acquiring a distribution function corresponding to the abnormal quantity, unit sales cost of the product to be purchased and initial purchase quantity of the product to be purchased, which are obtained by the second object, from option information, wherein the abnormal quantity is the quantity of the product to be purchased which is abnormal; a fifth determining module, configured to determine a first cost function according to the distribution function; the fourth calculation module is used for calculating a second cost function according to the unit sales cost and the initial purchase quantity; the fifth calculation module is used for calculating a third cost function according to option fees and unit production cost; and a sixth calculation module, configured to calculate a sum of the first cost function, the second cost function, and the third cost function, to obtain a cost function.
Optionally, the second determining module includes: a sixth determination module and a seventh determination module. The sixth determining module is used for determining an objective function from the benefit function and the cost function according to option information; and a seventh determining module, configured to determine a reserve quantity corresponding to the product to be purchased based on the objective function.
Optionally, the seventh determining module includes: a seventh calculation module and an eighth determination module. The seventh calculation module is used for calculating the maximum benefit corresponding to the benefit function under the condition that the objective function is determined to be the benefit function; and an eighth determining module, configured to determine, when the value of the benefit function is the maximum benefit, that the number of reserves corresponding to the first object is the target reserve.
Optionally, the seventh determining module includes: an eighth calculation module, a ninth calculation module, and a ninth determination module. The eighth calculation module is configured to calculate a minimum cost corresponding to the cost function when the objective function is determined to be the cost function; a ninth calculation module, configured to calculate a target purchase amount of the product to be purchased for the second object when the value of the cost function is the minimum cost; and the ninth determining module is used for determining the reserve quantity corresponding to the first object according to the target purchase quantity.
Optionally, the device for determining the number of products further includes: and the sending module is used for sending the reserve quantity to the product generation system after determining the reserve quantity of the first object reserve product to be purchased according to the benefit function and the cost function, so that the product generation system produces the product to be purchased according to the reserve quantity.
Example 3
According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided an electronic device including a memory in which a computer program is stored, and a processor configured to run the computer program to perform the method of determining the number of products in embodiment 1 described above.
The foregoing embodiment numbers of the present invention are merely for the purpose of description, and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.
In the foregoing embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and for a portion of this disclosure that is not described in detail in this embodiment, reference is made to the related descriptions of other embodiments.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed technology content may be implemented in other manners. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely exemplary, and the division of the units, for example, may be a logic function division, and may be implemented in another manner, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be through some interfaces, units or modules, or may be in electrical or other forms.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit. The integrated units may be implemented in hardware or in software functional units.
The integrated units, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as stand-alone products, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied essentially or in part or all of the technical solution or in part in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, including instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), a removable hard disk, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method of determining a quantity of a product, comprising:
acquiring option information of a product to be purchased, wherein the option information represents that a first object and a second object have an option relationship, the first object provides the product to be purchased for the second object, the option information at least comprises a cost sharing proportion and option cost, and the cost sharing proportion represents a loss proportion born by the first object when the first object cannot provide a preset number of products to be purchased for the second object;
determining a benefit function corresponding to the first object and a cost function corresponding to the second object according to the cost sharing proportion and the option cost;
determining a reserve quantity of the first object reserve the product to be purchased according to the benefit function and the cost function;
the method for acquiring option information of the product to be purchased comprises the following steps:
Acquiring unit production cost corresponding to the product to be purchased, abnormal probability of the product to be purchased, and unit sales cost of the product to be purchased;
determining option fees corresponding to the products to be purchased according to the unit production cost, the abnormal probability and the unit sales cost;
wherein, the numerical range of option cost e satisfies: c- [ kw e +km(1-β)]<e<c；
c is the unit production cost; k is the anomaly probability; w (w) e Cost for the unit sales; m represents a transitional unit cost of the second object; beta represents the cost sharing ratio;
wherein determining a benefit function corresponding to the first object according to the cost sharing proportion and the option cost comprises:
acquiring a distribution function corresponding to an abnormal number, unit production cost corresponding to the product to be purchased, unit sales cost of the product to be purchased and initial purchase quantity of the product to be purchased, which are obtained by the second object, from the option information, wherein the abnormal number is the number of the product to be purchased which is abnormal;
determining a first benefit function according to the distribution function;
calculating a second profit function according to the unit production cost, the unit sales cost and the initial purchase quantity;
Calculating a third profit function according to the option cost, the reserve quantity and the unit production cost;
calculating the sum of the first benefit function, the second benefit function and the third benefit function to obtain the benefit function;
wherein calculating a second revenue function based on the unit production cost, the unit sales cost, and the initial purchase amount includes: calculating a difference value between the unit production cost and the unit sales cost, and calculating a product of the difference value and the initial purchase quantity to obtain the second benefit function;
calculating a third benefit function from the option cost, the reserve quantity, and the unit production cost includes: calculating the product of the option cost and the reserve quantity to obtain eq e Wherein q e For the reserve quantity; calculating the product of the unit production cost and the reserve quantity to obtain cq e The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the To eq e And cq e Performing difference solving to obtain the third benefit function;
wherein determining a cost function corresponding to the second object according to the cost sharing proportion and the option cost comprises:
acquiring a distribution function corresponding to the abnormal quantity, the unit sales cost of the product to be purchased and the initial purchase quantity of the product to be purchased by the second object from the option information, wherein the abnormal quantity is the quantity of the product to be purchased which is abnormal;
Determining a first cost function according to the distribution function;
calculating to obtain a second cost function according to the unit sales cost and the initial purchase quantity;
calculating a third cost function according to the option fees and the reserve quantity;
calculating the sum of the first cost function, the second cost function and the third cost function to obtain the cost function;
wherein calculating a second cost function from the unit sales cost and the initial purchase amount includes: calculating the product of the unit sales cost and the initial purchase quantity to obtain the second cost function; calculating a third cost function from the option fees and the reserve quantity includes: calculating the product of the option cost and the reserve quantity to obtain the third cost function;
wherein determining the reserve quantity of the first object to reserve the product to be purchased according to the benefit function and the cost function comprises:
determining an objective function from the benefit function and the cost function according to the option information;
and determining the corresponding reserve quantity of the product to be purchased based on the objective function.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the corresponding reserve quantity for the product to be purchased based on the objective function comprises:
under the condition that the objective function is determined to be the benefit function, calculating the maximum benefit corresponding to the benefit function;
and when the value of the profit function is determined to be the maximum profit, the storage quantity corresponding to the first object is the target storage quantity.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the corresponding reserve quantity for the product to be purchased based on the objective function comprises:
under the condition that the objective function is determined to be the cost function, calculating the minimum cost corresponding to the cost function;
calculating the target purchase quantity of the product to be purchased by the second object when the value of the cost function is the minimum cost;
determining the reserve quantity corresponding to the first object according to the target purchase quantity;
wherein determining the reserve quantity corresponding to the first object according to the target purchase quantity includes: and calculating the product of the set proportion between the reserve quantity and the initial purchase quantity and the target purchase quantity to obtain the reserve quantity corresponding to the first object.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein after determining the first object reserves the reserve quantity of the product to purchase according to the benefit function and the cost function, the method further comprises:
and sending the reserve quantity to a product generation system so that the product generation system can produce the product to be purchased according to the reserve quantity.
5. A device for determining the number of products, wherein the device for determining the number of products performs the method for determining the number of products as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 4, and comprises:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring option information of a product to be purchased, wherein the option information represents an option relationship between a first object and a second object, the first object provides the product to be purchased for the second object, the option information at least comprises a cost sharing proportion and option fees, and the cost sharing proportion represents a loss proportion born by the first object when the first object cannot provide a preset number of products to be purchased for the second object;
the first determining module is used for determining a benefit function corresponding to the first object and a cost function corresponding to the second object according to the cost sharing proportion and the option cost;
And the second determining module is used for determining the reserve quantity of the products to be purchased reserved by the first object according to the benefit function and the cost function.
6. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, characterized in that the memory has stored therein a computer program, the processor being arranged to run the computer program to perform the method of determining the number of products as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 4.
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