CN113626995B - Substation logic model handover method based on digital design - Google Patents
Substation logic model handover method based on digital design Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113626995B CN113626995B CN202110836672.6A CN202110836672A CN113626995B CN 113626995 B CN113626995 B CN 113626995B CN 202110836672 A CN202110836672 A CN 202110836672A CN 113626995 B CN113626995 B CN 113626995B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- information
- class
- cpcd
- database
- node
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 208000033897 Systemic primary carnitine deficiency Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 208000016505 systemic primary carnitine deficiency disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000013523 data management Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009429 electrical wiring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012384 transportation and delivery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
- G06F16/21—Design, administration or maintenance of databases
- G06F16/211—Schema design and management
- G06F16/212—Schema design and management with details for data modelling support
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
- G06F16/28—Databases characterised by their database models, e.g. relational or object models
- G06F16/284—Relational databases
- G06F16/288—Entity relationship models
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/80—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of semi-structured data, e.g. markup language structured data such as SGML, XML or HTML
- G06F16/81—Indexing, e.g. XML tags; Data structures therefor; Storage structures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/80—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of semi-structured data, e.g. markup language structured data such as SGML, XML or HTML
- G06F16/84—Mapping; Conversion
- G06F16/86—Mapping to a database
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of power transmission and transformation engineering design, in particular to a substation logic model handover method based on digital design, which establishes an SQLserver database in a substation logic model; importing a database for writing, reading CPCD files to form a complete CPCD class containing all information of the files, and performing standardization check and consistency check on the read node attribute values; exporting database writing; reading data of all CPCD files of the project stored in a database to form complete CPCD type information, and storing the generated XML node information as SPCD format files; and creating entity class for the node file in XML language to store the corresponding node attribute data. The invention meets the whole use requirement of the logic model of the digital substation and the project full life cycle use of later data retrieval, data management and data utilization, and establishes a platform management scheme of the logic model of the sound substation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power transmission and transformation engineering design, in particular to a substation logic model handover method based on digital design.
Background
The digital handover is an important component of construction of a three-dimensional digital management and control platform of the national power grid layout power grid engineering, realizes real digital handover and management of the engineering, and has important significance for realizing the whole life cycle management of the transformer substation. In recent years, the development of three-dimensional digital construction of power grid engineering is continuously strengthened by national network companies, and three-dimensional design, digital handover and the like are required by repeated text delivery. The digital design model of the transformer substation mainly comprises a physical model and a logic model, most of the digital handover and application of the transformer substation are in a physical model stage at present, the digital handover and application of the transformer substation has the capability of developing the physical model and the digital handover, the digital design of the transformer substation engineering comprises a large number of logic models, but the digital design is limited by factors such as the whole market immaturity of the digital design, the logic model construction and the handover are not formed, and the regulations for the construction of the logic model of the transformer substation are less.
The construction diagram design of the transformer substation especially relates to the construction design of the logic model, has the characteristics of large drawing quantity, more related devices, complex wiring, large virtual loop quantity, more related data and the like, and solves the problems of difficult reference, easy loss, difficult data checking and the like when paper drawings and electronic version drawings are handed over to owners according to the traditional drawing file handover mode, thereby being unfavorable for the operation of transformer substation constructors and simultaneously failing to meet the operation and maintenance digital management requirements of the current transformer substation. In view of this, we propose a substation logic model handover method based on digital design.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a substation logic model handover method based on digital design, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a substation logic model handover method based on digital design comprises the following steps:
step 1, establishing a database
In a transformer substation logic model, an SQLsServer database is established;
step 2, importing database write-in
(1) Reading the CPCD file and forming XML node information data in the SQLserver database;
(2) Circulating XML node information data according to the node names, and storing the results into corresponding built classes;
(3) Judging according to the XML node attribute names, and storing the values of the node attributes into the attributes of the corresponding classes; after the above process, a complete CPCD class containing all information of the file is formed;
(4) Circulating CPCD class, judging which table in the SQLserver database the class data should be stored in according to class type, and managing and binding according to XML node relation according to hierarchy key;
(5) When the CPCD file is stored in the class, the XML node information of the CPCD is circulated, and at the moment, the read node attribute value can be subjected to standardization check and consistency check;
step 3, exporting database write-in
(1) Firstly, reading data of all CPCD files of the project stored in a database;
(2) Reading cable information, optical cable and fiber-jumping information, converting according to the association relation between the CPCD data table and the class, and converting database information into the class;
(3) Combining the classes according to the set hierarchical relationship of the database to form complete CPCD class information;
(4) Combining CPCD types read by the whole project to form a SPCD type containing information of a whole station screen cabinet manufacturer;
(5) Reading cable, optical cable and fiber-jumping information, converting the information into an external wiring information class in SPCD classes, and combining the external wiring information class with the SPCD class of the whole station screen cabinet manufacturer information to form a complete whole station SPCD class;
(6) Converting the SPCD class into XML node information of an SPCD file format structure according to the hierarchical relation, and storing the XML node information into an SPCD format file;
step 4, creating node attribute data entity class
And creating entity class for the node file in XML language to store the corresponding node attribute data.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the substation logic model handover method based on the digital design establishes a platform management scheme which takes a substation electrical system as an integral object, prescribes a data architecture of the substation logic model, ensures uniqueness of the object and attributes of the object in the integral data architecture of the substation, and has the characteristics of integrity, expandability and the like of the substation logic object, meets integral requirements of the digital design and project life cycle use requirements of later data retrieval, data management and data utilization, and establishes a sound substation logic model.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the overall method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the method of step 2 in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the method of step 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
1-3, a substation logic model is mainly divided into two file formats, namely SPCD and SCD, wherein the CPCD model files are provided by equipment manufacturers with model files of related screen cabinets, but the modeling depth of each equipment manufacturer is inconsistent and the standards are not unified, the screen cabinet CPCD files are required to be generated through a configuration tool, and then testing work of exporting the SPCD files by the CPCD files can be carried out; the SCD model file package is composed of ICD file models of various devices, ICD information of various factories is converted into object storage configuration through reverse serialization, logical loop connection is performed on a configuration platform, and object information is transferred and stored into an SCD standard format information storage file package through serialization means; specifically, the substation logic model handover method based on digital design comprises the following steps:
step 1, establishing a database
In a transformer substation logic model, an SQLsServer database is established;
step 2, importing database writing method
(1) Reading the CPCD file and forming XML node information data in the SQLserver database;
(2) Circulating XML node information data according to the node names, and storing the results into corresponding built classes;
(3) Judging according to the XML node attribute names, and storing the values of the node attributes into the attributes of the corresponding classes; after the above process, a complete CPCD class containing all information of the file is formed;
(4) Circulating CPCD class, judging which table in the SQLserver database the class data should be stored in according to class type, and managing and binding according to XML node relation according to hierarchy key;
(5) When the CPCD file is stored in the class, the XML node information of the CPCD is circulated, and at the moment, the read node attribute value can be subjected to standardization check and consistency check;
step 3, exporting database writing method
(1) Reading data of all CPCD files of the project stored in a database;
(2) Reading cable information, optical cable and fiber-jumping information, converting according to the association relation between the CPCD data table and the class, and converting database information into the class;
(3) Combining the classes according to the set hierarchical relationship of the database to form complete CPCD class information;
(4) Combining CPCD types read by the whole project to form a SPCD type containing information of a whole station screen cabinet manufacturer;
(5) Reading cable, optical cable and fiber-jumping information, converting the information into an external wiring information class in SPCD classes, and combining the external wiring information class with the SPCD class of the whole station screen cabinet manufacturer information to form a complete whole station SPCD class;
(6) Converting the SPCD class into XML node information of an SPCD file format structure according to the hierarchical relation, and storing the XML node information into an SPCD format file;
step 4, creating node attribute data entity class
And creating entity class for the node file in XML language to store the corresponding node attribute data.
Specifically, when a logical model database of a full transformer substation is constructed, a unified modeling technology and unified coding are required to be carried out on all logical models in the transformer substation, and a unified modeling architecture is required. There are many researches on modeling at present, and a vector graphic method integrating graph and model, a modeling method of secondary equipment and a screen cabinet attribute, a modeling method of a secondary optical cable and a cable loop, a secondary loop visualization equipment model library and the like are proposed.
The invention establishes the relation between all levels by carrying out total architecture establishment on a substation logic model comprising a secondary system physical loop model and a virtual loop (logic loop) model and establishing a format file in a quotation mode to carry out full-caliber modeling on all the logic models, and provides a cabinet physical capability description file CPCD (Cabinet Physical Capability Description) based on substation design requirements.
The definition of the logic model refers to the graphic symbol set of the association relationship, the functional relationship and the hierarchical relationship among the main devices. The logical model files should be written in XML language, and the file names should be ". Sch", and each model description file will be abbreviated as each model hereinafter.
The logic model total framework consists of two major parts: a physical circuit model (SPCD, substation Physical Configuration Description) and a logical circuit model (SCD, sustation Configuration Description), wherein the physical circuit model is composed of a cabinet physical model (CPCD, cabinet Physical Capability Description) and a single device physical model (IPCD, individual Physical Capability Description), and the logical circuit model is composed of a primary topology model (SSD, substation Specification Description) and a single device capability description model (ICD, IED Capability Decription).
Physical circuit model file format (SPCD)
From the design point of view, the physical circuit model comprises a cable circuit, an optical cable circuit, a network cable, a twisted pair and other circuits, but in the standard specification of GB/T-37755-2019, a logic modeling method of a cable wiring circuit is not described, and only the circuit modeling method of the optical cable, the network cable, the twisted pair and the like is described in detail.
The SPCD file should cover all contents of the CPCD file with external wiring information. In addition to containing CPCD file information, the file should also be able to describe: information the cable loop should contain; information the cable loop should contain; the network cable and the shielded twisted pair circuit should contain information, etc.
The cabinet physical model CPCD file must be what is visible and touched, and the cabinet CPCD model information should include digital attribute information of an external interface circuit, an on-screen device, a terminal strip, a light distribution frame, an idle opening, a pressing plate, a button, a handle, and the like.
In addition to containing IPCD information, the file should describe: physical hierarchy relationship; logical physical interface information; device information, intelligent devices, ODFs, switches, terminal blocks, idle switches, buttons and transfer switches; terminals in cabinets, jumper wire connection information, and the like.
The IPCD file mainly contains physical capability description information such as a board card and a port of a single device.
Logical loop model file format (SCD)
The logic circuit model (SCD) mainly describes connection topology based on an electrical wiring diagram and association of primary devices and secondary devices. Contains the content instantiated in the primary and secondary device associations in addition to the SSD file, and associates the instantiated logical node to the primary device.
The primary topology model (SSD) mainly describes a complete primary system topology structure of the transformer substation, primary equipment model information, primary equipment and secondary equipment related information, functions of various application systems of the transformer substation and the like.
The single device capability description model (ICD) is mainly a description file of a single device provided by equipment manufacturers, and mainly comprises specific loop information such as voltage and current, measurement and control signals, remote control information and the like of the loop information quantity in the device.
The basic principle, main characteristics and advantages of the invention are shown and described, the steps are executed by the method, the whole object of the substation electrical system is established, the data architecture is regulated, the uniqueness of the object and the attribute thereof in the whole data architecture of the substation is ensured, the characteristics of integrity, expandability and the like of the logic object of the substation are met, and the whole requirement of digital design and the project life cycle use requirement of later data retrieval, data management and data utilization are met; and establishing a platform management scheme of a logic model of the sound transformer substation.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and that the above-described embodiments and descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (1)
1. A substation logic model handover method based on digital design is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, establishing a database
In a transformer substation logic model, an SQLsServer database is established;
step 2, importing database write-in
(1) Reading the CPCD file and forming XML node information data in the SQLserver database;
(2) Circulating XML node information data according to the node names, and storing the results into corresponding built classes;
(3) Judging according to the XML node attribute names, and storing the values of the node attributes into the attributes of the corresponding classes; after the above process, a complete CPCD class containing all information of the file is formed;
(4) Circulating CPCD class, judging which table in the SQLserver database the class data should be stored in according to class type, and managing and binding according to XML node relation according to hierarchy key;
(5) When the CPCD file is stored in the class, the XML node information of the CPCD is circulated, and at the moment, the read node attribute value can be subjected to standardization check and consistency check;
step 3, exporting database write-in
(1) Firstly, reading data of all CPCD files of the project stored in a database;
(2) Reading cable information, optical cable and fiber-jumping information, converting according to the association relation between the CPCD data table and the class, and converting database information into the class;
(3) Combining the classes according to the set hierarchical relationship of the database to form complete CPCD class information;
(4) Combining CPCD types read by the whole project to form a SPCD type containing information of a whole station screen cabinet manufacturer;
(5) Reading cable, optical cable and fiber-jumping information, converting the information into an external wiring information class in SPCD classes, and combining the external wiring information class with the SPCD class of the whole station screen cabinet manufacturer information to form a complete whole station SPCD class;
(6) Converting the SPCD class into XML node information of an SPCD file format structure according to the hierarchical relation, and storing the XML node information into an SPCD format file;
step 4, creating node attribute data entity class
And creating entity class for the node file in XML language to store the corresponding node attribute data.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110836672.6A CN113626995B (en) | 2021-07-23 | 2021-07-23 | Substation logic model handover method based on digital design |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110836672.6A CN113626995B (en) | 2021-07-23 | 2021-07-23 | Substation logic model handover method based on digital design |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113626995A CN113626995A (en) | 2021-11-09 |
| CN113626995B true CN113626995B (en) | 2023-11-14 |
Family
ID=78380777
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110836672.6A Active CN113626995B (en) | 2021-07-23 | 2021-07-23 | Substation logic model handover method based on digital design |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113626995B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116860860B (en) * | 2023-09-04 | 2023-11-28 | 国网福建省电力有限公司 | All-engineering data streaming method and equipment based on substation electrical equipment model |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1038978A (en) * | 1975-07-07 | 1978-09-19 | International Teldata Corporation | Alarm and utility meter reading system employing telephone lines |
| CN102611199A (en) * | 2012-03-07 | 2012-07-25 | 长园深瑞继保自动化有限公司 | Design and configuration integrated system for intelligent substation |
| CN102868876A (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2013-01-09 | 象山县供电局 | Transformer station infrastructure project data integration method |
| CN112347612A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-02-09 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司检修分公司 | Direct current converter station secondary system physical loop modeling method and system |
| CN112668069A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-04-16 | 国网福建省电力有限公司 | Transformer substation digital transfer method based on three-dimensional design model of power transmission and transformation project and BIM engine |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11327114B2 (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2022-05-10 | State Grid Hebei Electric Power Research Institute | Fully-automatic closed-loop detection method and device for intelligent substation |
-
2021
- 2021-07-23 CN CN202110836672.6A patent/CN113626995B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1038978A (en) * | 1975-07-07 | 1978-09-19 | International Teldata Corporation | Alarm and utility meter reading system employing telephone lines |
| CN102611199A (en) * | 2012-03-07 | 2012-07-25 | 长园深瑞继保自动化有限公司 | Design and configuration integrated system for intelligent substation |
| CN102868876A (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2013-01-09 | 象山县供电局 | Transformer station infrastructure project data integration method |
| CN112347612A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-02-09 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司检修分公司 | Direct current converter station secondary system physical loop modeling method and system |
| CN112668069A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-04-16 | 国网福建省电力有限公司 | Transformer substation digital transfer method based on three-dimensional design model of power transmission and transformation project and BIM engine |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 变电站二次系统数字化及三维接口设计应用研究;齐炜;陈科技;;浙江电力(02);全文 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113626995A (en) | 2021-11-09 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102622463B (en) | Drawing-model uniformity based method for automatic check of design drawings | |
| CN104699801B (en) | A kind of method and device of secondary device associated configuration | |
| CN108520163B (en) | Three-dimensional net rack method for automatic modeling based on CIM model and SVG figures | |
| CN104867058A (en) | IED visualization method of intelligent transformer substation SCD file | |
| CN101771581A (en) | Server-side simulating system based on IEC61850 and method thereof | |
| CN110378061B (en) | Multi-simulation tool collaborative simulation method and device for extra-high voltage direct current converter station | |
| CN113626995B (en) | Substation logic model handover method based on digital design | |
| CN108054719A (en) | Intelligent substation networking secondary circuit modeling method and method for diagnosing faults | |
| CN105449668A (en) | Dynamic modeling method for intelligent electronic equipment for monitoring electric energy quality of intelligent transformer station | |
| WO2016019855A1 (en) | Data conversion method and apparatus | |
| CN103761077A (en) | Method for mapping and modeling from CIM (Common Information Model) to relational database | |
| CN107958345A (en) | A kind of SCD file collocation method and device based on database and file fragment | |
| CN102262703B (en) | Method for constructing figure and RDF (Radio Direction Finder) model for designing intelligent transformer substation | |
| CN103294878A (en) | Unified modeling method of multidimensional grid models based on DMS (database management system) | |
| CN107480883B (en) | Transformer substation secondary system resource configuration method and system | |
| CN108919695A (en) | A kind of coding method, device, equipment and the storage medium of electrical equipment module | |
| CN105488229A (en) | Data exchange and integration method applied to heterogeneous data environment | |
| CN114818021A (en) | GIM model-based three-dimensional modeling digital handover method for secondary system equipment | |
| CN103023740A (en) | Information interaction bus system and electric power data transmission method | |
| Wang et al. | Research and implementation of virtual circuit test tool for smart substations | |
| CN112230929A (en) | Data analysis method and device of CIM (common information model) and storage medium | |
| CN116029006A (en) | Digital modeling method for secondary circuit of transformer substation logic model | |
| CN113705143A (en) | Automatic simulation system and automatic simulation method | |
| Moseley et al. | Methods of converting CIM power system models into bus-branch formats utilizing topology processing algorithms and minimal schema modifications to IEC 61968/70 | |
| CN111222304A (en) | Graph model export conversion method based on distribution network automation |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information |
Inventor after: Chen Chen Inventor after: Yin Yi Inventor after: Qi Huanruo Inventor after: Zhai Yuxin Inventor after: Song Xiaofan Inventor after: Guo Fang Inventor after: Bai Pingping Inventor after: Wang Hui Inventor after: Xue Wenjie Inventor after: Dong Pingxian Inventor after: Wu Huiwei Inventor after: Fan Qingling Inventor before: Chen Chen Inventor before: Yin Yi Inventor before: Qi Huanruo Inventor before: Zhai Yuxin Inventor before: Song Xiaofan Inventor before: Guo Fang Inventor before: Bai Pingping Inventor before: Wang Hui Inventor before: Xue Wenjie Inventor before: Dong Pingxian Inventor before: Wu Huiwei Inventor before: Fan Qingling |
|
| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information |